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HISTORY 


OF 


BROWN    UNIVERSITY, 


WITH 


ILLUSTRATIVE   DOCUMENTS. 


BY 


REUBEN  ALDRIDGE  GUILD, 

LIBRARIAN  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY, 
S*;«.to      tt-M>*vt>     S'fVf- 

of  "  Ij/dt,  % rates  anb  Comsjjronbcnce  of  James  glannmg,"  etc. 


HlC    LOCUS    JETATIS    NOSTR^    PRIMORDIA    NOVIT, 
ANNOS   FELICES,    L^ETITIJEQUE   DIES. 

HlC  LOCUS  INGKNUIS  PUEKILES  IMBUIT  ANNOS 
ARTIBUS,  ET  NOSTR^E  LAUDIS  ORIGO  FUIT. 
HlC  LOCUS  INSIGNES  MAGNOSQUE  CREAVIT  ALUMNOS. 

Neckham. 


PROVIDENCE,    R.    I. 

1867. 


bg  Subscription:. 
THREE  HUNDRED  COPIES,     LARGE  PAPER,  TEN  COPIES. 


Entered  according  to  an  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867, 

BY  REUBEN   ALDRIDGE   GUILD, 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Rhode  Island. 


PROVIDENCE  PRESS  COMPANY,   PRINTERS. 


THE     ALUMNI 


OF 


Smfeerstig 


THIS   WORK   IS   RESPECTFULLY   DEDICATED 


THE   AUTHOR. 


ENGRAVINGS. 


1.  VIEW  OF  THE  COLLEGE  GREEN  AND  HALLS  IN  1840.  Frontispiece. 

2.  PORTRAIT  OF  PRESIDENT  MANNING.               .....  page     7 

3.  PORTRAIT  OF  NICHOLAS  BROWN.         --..._  "28 

4.  PORTRAIT  OF  PRESIDENT  WAYLAND.             -         -         -         -  «      43 

5.  SEAL  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY. "62 

6.  UNIVERSITY  HALL. "229 

7.  FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH.         -                  "247 

8.  HOPE  COLLEGE.              -         - "261 

9.  MANNING  HALL. "265 

10.  RHODE  ISLAND  HALL. "271 

11.  PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE. "277 

12.  NEW  LABORATORY "279 


PREFACE. 


IN  my  former  work*  I  have  endeavored  to  present  a  full  and 
accurate  account  of  the  origin  and  early  progress  of  Brown 
University,  in  connection  with  the  life,  times  and  correspondence 
of  him  whose  personal  history  is  thoroughly  identified  with  the 
history  of  the  Institution  over  which  he  presided  for  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century; — and  of  which  he  may,  in  a  certain 
sense,  be  justly  regarded  as  the  founder. 

A  desire  to  continue  this  account  down  to  the  present  time, 
and  thus  preserve,  in  the  form  of  documentary  history,  some  of 
the  interesting  manuscripts  and  rare  printed  sheets,  which  I  have 
been  enabled  to  collect  during  the  nineteen  years  of  my  official 
connection  with  the  University,  has  led  to  the  publication  of  this 
work.  A  prominent  object  with  me  has  been  to  gather  up  from 
documents  and  files  of  papers  long  since  forgotten,  as  well  as 
from  those  of  a  more  recent  date,  the  names  of  all  persons,  who, 
by  their  benefactions,  have  aided  the  College,  and  to  place  them  on 

*  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY  ;  or,  LIFE,  TIMES  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  JAMES 
MANNING,  AND  THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  BROWN  UNIVERSITY.  12mo.  Boston :  Gould  & 
Lincoln.  1864.  pp.  523. 


vi  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

permanent  record,  that  so  they  may  be  transmitted  to  posterity. 
In  accordance  with  this  plan  a  careful  index  of  such  names  has 
been  added  to  the  work. 

The  indulgent  reader  will  pardon  an  occasional  reference  to 
my  life  of  Manning,  instead  of  a  needless  repetition  of  what 
is  already  in  print.  The  preface  to  this  work,  I  may  add, 
contains  an  account  of  the  acquisition  of  the  Manning  Papers, 
together  with  the  various  pamphlets,  sheets  and  manuscript 
documents  from  which,  in  addition  to  the  files  and  records  of 
the  Corporation,  the  present  history  has  been  mainly  compiled. 
In  some  of  the  documents  now  for  the  first  time  published,  I 
have  ventured  to  change  slightly  the  orthography  and  gram 
matical  form  of  expression,  but  in  no  case  have  I  made  material 
alterations,  or  given  any  other  than  the  real  meaning  and  sense. 

Several  errors,  partly  typographical,  have  been  discovered 
while  the  sheets  were  passing  though  the  press,  reminding  me  of 
what  a  modern  bibliographer  has  said :  "  If  you  are  troubled 
with  a  pride  of  accuracy  and  would  have  it  completely  taken 
out  of  you,  print  a  catalogue." 

The  undertaking,  like  my  former  one,  has  been  entered  upon 
with  diffidence,  and  continued  from  year  to  year,  under  all  the 
disadvantages  of  numerous  and  exacting  public  and  professional 
duties,  and  amidst  frequent  interruptions.  In  the  confident  hope 
that  it  may  stimulate  the  graduates  and  friends  of  the  Institu 
tion  to  renewed  exertions  on  its  behalf,  the  HISTORY  OF  BROWN 
UNIVERSITY,  with  all  its  faults  of  omission  and  commission,  is  now 
submitted  to  a  generous  and  discerning  public. 

K.  A.  G'. 

§rofam 


CONTENTS. 


H  1ST CRT  GAL     SKETCH 

PAGES  1-62. 

ORIGIN  of  Brown  University — Isaac  Eaton  and  the  Hopewell  Academy — Phila 
delphia  Association — Morgan  Edwards — First  movement  to  establish  a  College  in 
Rhode  Island — James  Manning  selected  as  leader — Arrival  at  Newport — Charter 
granted  by  the  General  Assembly — Warren  selected  for  the  Location  of  the  College — 
Manning  begins  a  Latin  School  and  founds  a  Church — Appointed  President  by  the  Cor 
poration — David  Howell — First  Commencement — William  Rogers — College  removed 
to  Providence — College  Edifice — Interruptions  during  the  War — Manning's  Matricu 
lation  Roll  of  Students — Appointed  Kepresentative  to  Congress — Death — Howell's 
account  of  Manning  —  Goddard's  account  —  Manning's  history  of  the  College  in 
1773 — Jones's  letter  to  Howell  respecting  Manning's  Successor — Jonathan  Maxcy 
appointed  President — His  administration — Resignation — Death — Elton's  account  of 
Maxcy — Succeeded  by  Asa  Messer — His  administration — College  named  Brown 
University — Nicholas  Brown — Messer's  resignation  and  death — Sears's  account  of 
Messer — Park's  account — Succeeded  by  Francis  Wayland  —  His  administration — 
Adoption  of  the  New  System — Resignation — Tobey's  remarks  thereon  to  the  Corpo 
ration — Resolutions  of  the  Alumni — Thomas's  remarks  at  the  Commencement  Dinner 
— Wayland's  Death — CaswelPs  remarks  at  the  funeral — Extracts  from  Bartol's  ser 
mon  on  Wayland — Succeeded  by  Barnas  Sears — His  administration — Extract  from 
Sears's  Centennial  Discourse — Tabular  view  of  the  Graduates  under  the  different 
Presidents — Review  of  the  Triennial  Catalogue — Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court — 
Governors  and  Lieutenant  Governors — Senators  and  Representatives  to  Congress — 
Doctors  of  Divinity — Doctors  of  Law — Diplomatists,  Orators  and  Statesmen — Presi 
dents  of  Colleges — Trustees  and  Fellows — Roll  of  Honor,  or  List  of  Students  who 
were  in  the  recent  War — Seal  of  the  Corporation. 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 
HISTORY     OF     THE    LIBRARY. 

PAGES  63-116. 

Library  in  1770— Manning's  Account  of  two  years  later— Books  presented  by 
Jos.  I).  Russell— Donations  from  John  Gill  and  Benj.  Wallin,  of  London— Library 
removed  to  Wrentham  during  the  Revolutionary  War — Asher  Robbins  appointed 
Librarian  in  1782— Library  at  this  time  contained  five  hundred  volumes— Fourteen 
hundred  volumes  presented  in  1784,  by  John  Brown— List  of  books  presented  by 
Moses  Brown— Books  presented  by  John  Tanner,  of  Newport,  and  Granville  Sharp, 
of  London— Donation  from  the  Bristol  Education  Society— By-laws  adopted  by  the 
Corporation  in  1785— Extracts  from  the  records,  1787-93 — Law  Library  presented 
in  1792,  by  Nicholas  Brown — Extracts  from  the  records,  1794-6 — Letter  from  George 
Benson — Extracts  from  the  records,  1805-7 — Books  bequeathed  by  Isaac  Backus — 
Donation  from  Thomas  Carlile,  of  Salem — Legacy  of  William  Richards,  of  Lynn, 
England — Subscription  of  1825 — Metcalf  Collection  of  Pamphlets — Account  of  the 
Library  Fund,  with  names  of  subscribers — Manning  Hall  erected  in  1834 — Catalogue 
published  in  1843 — Gammell's  account  of  the  Library  in  1844 — Subscription  for  the 
purchase  of  English  books — Jewett's  account  of  the  French,  German,  Italian  and 
English  books  purchased  by  him  in  Europe  in  1844-5 — Shakspeariana — Moses  B. 
Ives — Donations  of  John  Carter  Brown — Donation  from  the  Class  of  1821 — Patristic 
works  added  to  the  Library  in  1847 — Lincoln's  account  of  purchases  made  in  1851, 
at  the  Jarvis  sale — Tallraadge  bequest  of  one  thousand  dollars — New  Library  build 
ing  needed — Books  presented  by  Geronimo  Urmeneta,  of  Chili — Donation  from  the 
late  Dr.  Crocker — List  of  Architectural  works  belonging  to  the  Library — Libraries  of 
College  Professors — Library  of  John  Carter  Brown — Librarians  and  Assistant  Libra 
rians — Regulations  and  By-laws. 

HISTORY     OF     THE     CHARTER. 

PAGES  117-146. 

Early  history  of  the  Charter  one  of  struggle  against  opposing  influences — Man 
ning's  narrative — Arrives  at  Newport  in  17G3  and  unfolds  his  plans  for  a  Baptist 
College — Committee  appointed  to  draw  up  a  Charter,  and  Dr.  Stiles  requested  to 
assist  them — The  Charter  so  drawn  as  to  throw  the  governing  power  into  the  hands  of 
the  Presbyterians  or  Congregationalists — Kingsley's  statements  respecting  Dr.  Stiles 
and  Win.  Ellery — Petition  for  a  Charter  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly  in  August, 
1763 — Action  upon  the  Charter  deferred  and  a  new  Charter  drawn  by  a  Committee 
sent  to  Newport  from  Philadelphia — Alterations  made  by  this  Committee  enumerated— 
Judge  Jenckes's  history  of  the  Charter — Original  Charter  lost — Found,  and  presented 
to  the  University  by  Dr.  Sprague,  in  1864 — Summary  of  the  main  points  involved  in 


CONTENTS 


IX 


the  history  of  the  Charter — Extract  from  a  letter  of  Morgan  Edwards  to  President 
Manning — Charter  given  in  full — Provision  exempting  from  taxation  the  estates, 

persons  and  families  of  the  President  and  Professors — Early  controversy  respecting 

Of  late  years  revived — Resolution  of  the  City  Council  of  Newport  in  1802 Action 

thereon  by  the  General  Assembly — Joint  action  of  the  General  Assembly  and  the 
Corporation  of  the  University — President  and  Professors  now  exempted  from  taxation 
to  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars — Names  and  residences  of  the  Corporation  in 
1770  and  1867,  classified  according  to  the  four  religious  denominations  specified  in 
the  Charter. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  OBTAINED  BY  MORGAN  EDWARDS. 

PAGES  147-171. 

Measures  taken  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Corporation  to  endow  the  infant  College — 
Morgan  Edwards  requested  to  solicit  subscriptions — Resolves  to  go  on  a  mission  to  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland — Authorization  by  President  Manning  and  Vice-Chancellor  Ward — 
Letter  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  commending  Mr.  Edwards 
and  his  mission — He  sets  out  for  Europe  in  February,  1767 — Well  received  in  England — 
Letter  to  President  Manning  reporting  progress  in  obtaining  subscriptions — Names  of 
subscribers  in  Ireland — Ditto  in  England — Returns  to  America  in  the  latter  part  of 
1768 — Reports  to  the  Corporation  in  1769 — Amount  raised  about  forty-five  hundred 
dollars — Original  subscription  book  now  among  the  archives  of  the  University — Name 
of  Morgan  Edwards  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  the  College — Particulars 
respecting  his  early  life  and  professional  career — Extracts  respecting,  from  letters  of 
Francis  Pelot  and  Oliver  Hart — Extract  from  his  funeral  sermon  by  Dr.  Rogers, 
published  in  Rippon's  BAPTIST  ANNUAL  REGISTER. 

FINAL    LOCATION. 

PAGES  172-210. 

Important  question,  soon  after  the  founding  of  the  College,  in  regard  to  the  most 
desirable  place  for  its  Location — Edwards's  narrative  of  the  struggle  respecting  Location 
—First  mention  of  Location  in  the  records  of  the  Corporation — Vote  in  September,  1769, 
that  the  College  be  in  some  part  of  the  County,  of  Bristol — Special  meeting  of  the  Corpo 
ration  called  on  account  of  subscriptions  having  been  opened  for  placing  the  College 
in  the  County  of  Kent — Struggle  thus  far  confined  to  Warren  and  East  Greenwich — 
Moses  Brown  first  suggests  that  the  College  be  at  Providence — Governor  Sessions's 
views  respecting  Location — Meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  at  Newport,  November  14, 
1769,  and  continued  three  days — Memorial  from  Providence,  presented  on  the  second 
day  of  the  meeting — Memorial  from  East  Greenwich,  presented  on  the  last  day  of  the 


X  BROWN    TTNIVEBSITY. 

meeting  —  Article  published  in  the  NEWPORT  MERCURY,  showing  why  the  College  should 
be  loi-atcd  in  Newport  —  Redwood  Library  —  Extract  from  the  Diary  of  Dr.  Stiles  — 
Main  contest  henceforward  between  Providence  and  Newport  —  Preamble  to  the  New 
port  subscription  book  —  Letter  from  a  Judge  in  Kent  County  declaring  his  preference 
for  Providence  —  Communication  from  Governor  Hopkins  and  the  Browns  addressed  to 
the  town  councils  of  Glocester  and  Scituate  —  Letter  from  Nicholas  Brown  &  Co.  to 
Joseph  Brown  at  Newport  —  Extract  from  the  PKOVIDKNCE  GAZETTE  —  Call  for  another 
meeting  of  the  Corporation  —  Printed  handbills  circulated  in  Providence  —  Meeting  of 
the  inhabitants  at  the  Court  House  —  Anonymous  letter  from  President  Manning 
addressed  to  Nicholas  Brown  —  Final  meeting  of  the  Corporation  on  the  question  of 
Locution,  held  at  Warren,  February  7,  1770  —  Manning's  account  of  the  meeting  — 
Memorial  presented  from  East  Greenwich  —  Ditto  from  Providence  —  Gov.  Hopkins's 
statement  of  the  rival  claims  of  Providence  and  Newport  —  Ward  and  Hopkins  contro 
versy  —  Moses  Brown's  account  of  the  final  meeting  at  Warren  —  Movement  on  part  of 
the  defeated  contestants  to  establish  a  second  college  at  Newport  —  Piemonstrance  from 
the  Corporation  to  the  Legislature  respecting  —  Movement  defeated  —  Letter  from  Moses 
Brown  respecting  file  of  papers  relating  to  the  Location  of  the  College,  and  also 
respecting  lloger  Williams  and  the  First  Baptist  Church. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS   OBTAINED   BY   HEZEKIAH   SMITH. 

PAGES  211—226. 

Hezekiah  Smith  requested  by  the  Corporation  to  solicit  benefactions  for  the  College 
in  the  South  —  Credentials  from  Chancellor  Hopkins  and  President  Manning  —  Bio 
graphical  sketch  of  Smith  —  Leaves  home  on  his  mission  October  2,  17G9,  and  returns 
June  8,  1770  —  Collects  about  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  in  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia  —  Diary  during  his  absence  from  home  —  Letter  from  Oliver  Hart  to  President 
Manning  —  Names  of  Subscribers  —  Extracts  from  Southern  newspapers  —  Smith's  report 
to  the  Corporation  —  Money  obtained  mostly  expended  upon  the  College  buildings. 

ACCOUNT   OF   THE   COLLEGE   BUILDINGS. 


PAGES  227-246. 

First  mention  of  a  College  building  in  Smith's  diary  for  1705—  Committee  on  a 
building  appointed  in  1708—  Report  to  the  Corporation  in  17G9—  Plan  of  a  building 
adopted  February  0,  1770—  Home-lot  of  Chad  Brown  purchased  for  the  location- 
Extracts  from  the  Record  of  Deeds—  Plan  of  the  building  adopted  by  the  Committee, 
and  approved  by  the  Corporation,  that  of  NASSAU  HALL,  Princeton—  Corner  Stone 


CONTENTS.  xj 

laid  May  14,  1770  —  Manning's  description  of  the  building—  Extracts  from  the  records 
of  the  Corporation  —  Account  of  Nicholas  Brown  &  Co.,  submitted  to  the  Corporation 
September  5,  1771  —  Extracts  from  the  original  account  of  "  sundry  supplies,"  illustrat 
ing  the  progress  of  the  building,  and  the  customs  of  our  ancestors  —  Cost  of  the  original 
College  lands  ninety  dollars  per  acre  —  Names  of  Subscribers  for  the  College  build 
ings  —  Extracts  from  the  records  —  Building  occupied  for  barracks  and  a  hospital  during 
the  War—  Petition  to  the  General  Assembly  in  1780,  to  have  the  building  restored  to 
the  Corporation  for  the  uses  to  which  it  was  dedicated  —  Letter  to  Doct.  Franklin 
respecting  the  Hall,  and  also  giving  the  history  of  the  College  —  Remuneration  by 
Congress  for  damages  and  loss  of  rent  —  Named  University  Hall  in  1823  —  llecent 
changes  and  improvements. 


PAGES  247-253. 

Church  founded  by  Roger  Williams  in  1639  —  For  more  than  sixty  years  without 
a  house  of  worship  —  First  house  built  by  Pardon  Tillinghast  in  1700  —  Second  house 
erected  in  1726  —  Description  of  this  house,  and  of  the  mode  of  worship,  at  the  time 
of  Manning's  removal  to  Providence  —  Church  and  Society  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
Manning  increase  in  numbers  and  efficiency  —  Resolve,  in  1774,  to  build  a  "  meeting 
house  for  the  public  worship  of  Almighty  God,  and  also  for  holding  Commencements 
in"  —  Old  house  and  lot  sold  at  auction  —  Mr.  John  Brown  appointed  "  the  committee 
man  for  carrying  on  the  building"  —  John  Angell's  orchard  purchased  by  Mr.  Russell 
for  a  lot  —  Additional  expense  of  purchasing  a  large  lot  and  building  a  house  suffi 
ciently  large  to  accommodate  the  College,  defrayed  by  a  lottery  —  Dedication  of  the 
house  May  28,  1775  —  Dimensions  —  Historical  discourse  by  Dr.  Caldwell,  preached 
May  28,  1805  —  Extract  from. 


PAGES  254-260. 

Latin  School  opened  by  Manning  in  Warren  —  This  School  the  germ  of  the 
College-  Removed  to  Providence  in  1770  —  First  carried  on  in  the  Brick  School 
House  on  Meeting  street  —  In  1772  removed  to  a  room  on  the  lower  floor  of  the 
College  edifice  —  History  of  the  School  from  this  time  —  Corporation  resolve  in  1809 
to  erect  a  suitable  building  for  the  School,  and  appoint  a  Committee  for  this  purpose, 
and  to  raise  by  subscription  the  necessary  funds  —  List  of  the  subscribers'  names  — 
Names  of  teachers  —  Building  enlarged  in  1852  by  Messrs.  Lyon  and  Frieze  —  Present 
condition  of  the  School. 


xii  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


PAGES  261-264. 

First  mention  of  this  building  on  the  records—  Corporation  resolve  in  1821  to  erect 
another  College  building  —  Erected  in  1822  at  the  expense  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown, 
and  by  him  presented  to  the  Corporation  —  Dimensions^  master  mason,  and  master 
builder  —  Named  Hope  College  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Hope  Ivcs,  the  only  surviving  sister 
of  the  donor  —  Account  of  Mrs.  Ives  —  Estimated  cost  of  the  building  —  Came  near 
being  destroyed  by  fire  in  1866, 


5. 

PAGES  265-270. 

This  building  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  and  by  him 
presented  to  the  Corporation  —  Named  Manning  Hall  in  honor  of  his  distinguished 
instructor  and  revered  friend  President  Manning  —  Dedicated  February  4,  1835  —  Ode 
by  Albert  G.  Greene  —  Ode  by  George  Burgess  —  Estimated  cost  of  the  building  — 
Dimensions,  architect,  master  mason,  and  master  builders  —  Embellished  and  improved 
in  1857  —  Mural  tablet  in  honor  of  Nicholas  Brown  —  Latin  inscription  —  Tablet  in 
memory  of  the  students  and  graduates  of  the  University,  who  have  fallen  in  the  recent 
war  —  Latin  inscription  —  Names  reported  by  the  Committee  at  the  dedication  in  1866. 


6. 

PAGES  271-276. 

Corporation  in  1836  appoint  a  Committee  to  devise  means  for  the  erection  of 
another  College  building  —  Committee  continued  in  1838  and  Dr.  Wayland  added  to 
it  —  Letter  from  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  pledging  ten  thousand  dollars  towards  the 
object,  on  condition  that  an  equal  amount  be  obtained  by  subscription  on  or  before  May 
1,  1839  —  Names  of  subscribers  —  Most  of  the  amount  subscribed  by  citizens  of  Provi 
dence  —  Dedicated  September  3,  1840  —  Address  by  Professor  Goddard  —  Description 
of  the  building  —  Account  of  the  Philosophical  and  Chemical  Apparatus  —  Recent 
additions  made  to  this  department  by  Messrs.  J.  C.  Brown  and  R.  H.  Ives. 


1. 

PAGES  277-278. 

Dimensions,  and  names  of  builders  —  Occupied  by  President  Wayland  in  1840  — 
Old  house  opposite  removed  —  College  grounds  graded  and  adorned  —  Brick  barn  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  President  erected  in  1854. 


CONTENTS. 

8. 


PAGES  279-282. 

Advances  made  in  the  science  of  Chemistry  create  a  demand  for  improved  facilities 
for  instruction  —  This  demand  met  by  the  Corporation  of  the  University  _  New  Labora 
tory  erected  in  1862-3,  mainly  through  the  exertions  of  Professor  Hill—  Names  of 
subscribers  —  Description  of  the  building—  Appointments  of  the  Laboratory—  Extract 
from  the  Annual  Catalogue. 

COLLECTION   OF   PORTRAITS   IN  RHODE  ISLAND   HALL. 

PAGES  283—296. 

Collection  now  comprises  thirty-one,  many  of  them  painted  from  life  —  Obtained 
mainly  through  the  exertions  of  John  R.  Bartlett  —  Descriptive  account  —  Names  of 
subscribers  and  donors  —  Communication  respecting  the  portrait  of  Dr.  Crocker, 
extracted  from  the  records  of  the  Corporation  —  Communication  respecting  the  marble 
bust  of  Dr.  Waylaud. 

FINANCIAL   HISTORY   OF   THE   COLLEGE. 


I. 

PAGES  297-302. 

First  purchase  of  land  in  1770  comprised  eight  acres  —  Cost  ninety  dollars  per  acre  — 
First  addition  to  the  College  estate  made  in  1815  —  Additions  made  in  1822,  1826, 
1839,  1840,  1843,  1851,  and  1860—  Boundaries  of  the  College  enclosure  proper- 
Entire  College  lands  comprise  about  fifteen  acres  —  Planting  of  trees  in  the  "College 
Park." 


PAGES  303-307. 

Act  passed  by  Congress  in  1862,  donating  public  lands  for  Agricultural  Colleges  — 
Resolutions  adopted  by  the  General  Assembly  accepting  the  grant  of  land  made  to 
Rhode  Island  —  This  land  the  Legislature  propose  to  transfer  to  Brown  University  — 
Action  of  a  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  January  21,  1863  —  Matter 
referred  to  the  Executive  Board  —  Board  accept  of  the  transfer  —  Agreement  between 
the  Corporation  and  the  Legislature  respecting  said  transfer  —  Resolution  adopted  by 
the  General  Assembly,  providing  for  the  nomination  of  State  Scholarships  at  the  Uni 
versity  —  Unversity  thus  comes  into  possession  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
acres  of  land  —  These  lands  sold  in  January,  1865,  for  fifty  thousand  dollars. 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


PAGES  308-313. 

Bequest  of  Nicholas  Brown  in  1841  —  Income  to  be  appropriated  in  the  language 
of  the  will,  "to  the  charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserving  young  men  in  obtaining 
their  education  while  members  of  the  University"  —  A  portion  of  this  income  appropri 
ated  in  1842  to  be  awarded  in  premiums  —  Statutes  regulating  the  award  of  the 
"University  Premiums,"  adopted  by  the  Corporation  in  1850  —  Corporation  vote  in 
1858  to  apply  the  bequest  of  Mr.  Brown,  to  Scholarships  of  one  thousand  dollars  each, 
the  income  thereof  to  be  appropriated,  "  to  the  charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserving 
young  men  in  obtaining  their  education  while  members  of  the  University"  —  Recommend 
ation  of  the  Rhode  Island  Baptist  Education  Society  substituted  for  that  of  the  late 
Warren  Education  Society  —  President  Sears's  views  in  regard  to  scholarships  —  List 
of  forty-seven  scholarships,  and  also  of  five  from  which  no  income  has  yet  been  received. 


PAGES  314-316. 

Letter  from  William  S.  Patten,  read  to  the  Corporation  in  September,  1860,  stating 
conditions  on  which  five  thousand  dollars  is  donated  to  the  tlniversity  by  Miss  Lydia 
Carpenter,  of  Pawtucket,  as  a  fund  to  aid  deserving  students  —  Votes  of  the  Corpora 
tion  respecting  —  Account  of  Miss  Carpenter  —  Donation  from  Seth  Padelford. 


and 

PAGES  317-339. 

Early  subscriptions  for  the  College  —  John  Tillinghast,  the  first  Treasurer—  Col. 
Job  Ben  net,  the  second  Treasurer  —  Extracts  from  Col.  Bennet's  reports  —  Names  of 
early  benefactors  —  Resignation  of  Col.  Bennet  —  Succeeded  by  John  Brown  —  Character 
as  Treasurer  —  Resignation  in  1796  —  Letter  resigning  his  place  as  Trustee  to  the  Cor 
poration  in  1803  —  Names  of  benefactors  taken  from  Mr.  Brown's  reports  —  Benjamin 
Wallin  and  Hannah  Ward  —  Mr.  Brown  succeeded  in  the  Treasurership  by  his  nephew, 
Nicholas  Brown  —  College  named  Brown  University  in  1804  —  Fund  for  the  establish 
ment  of  a  Professorship  of  Oratory  and  Belles-Lettres  —  In  1825  Mr.  Brown  elected 
a  Fellow  of  the  University  —  Succeeded  by  his  nephew,  Moses  B.  Ives  —  Permanent 
funds  of  the  University  in  1820  —  Lotteries  —  Changes  in  the  System  of  Collegiate 
instruction  in  1850  —  Property  and  funds  at  that  time  —  President  Wayland  —  Sub 
scribers  to  the  fund  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  —  Bequest  of  ten 
thousand  dollars  from  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  —  President's  premium  fund  of  one  thousand 
dollars  —  Abstract  from  the  Treasurer's  annual  report  for  September,  1854  —  Death  of 
Mr.  Ives  in  1857  —  Succeeded  by  his  brother,  Robert  H.  Ives  —  Income  of  the  Univer 
sity  insufficient  for  its  current  expenses  —  Accumulation  of  a  debt  —  Efforts  to  raise 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  —  Scholarships  —  Horace  T.  Love  appointed 


CONTENTS.  xv 

Agent  for  Brown  and  Waterville — List  of  Subscriptions — Bequest  of  two  thousand 
dollars  from  William  Baylies — Another  vigorous  effort  to  raise  funds  for  the  Univer 
sity — President  Sears — Subscription  still  in  pi-ogre.- s — Names  of  subscribers Sub 
scription  to  raise  funds  to  provide  for  military  instruction — Names  of  subscribers 

Resignation  of  Mr.  Ives  in  1866 — Abstract  from  the  Treasurer's  last  annual  report  to 
the  Corporation — Succeeded  by  Marshall  Woods — Statement  of  the  invested  funds  of 
the  University  April  12,  1867 — Summary  of  all  the  legacies  and  bequests  made  to  the 
College  during  the  first  century  of  its  existence — Summary  of  the  various  subscriptions 
undertaken  in  behalf  of  the  College — Extracts  from  the  last  will  and  testament  of  the 
Hon.  Nicholas  Brown, 

COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES. 

PAGES  340-426. 
First  Commencement  held  in  Warren  in  1769 — Names  and  residences  of  orad- 

O 

uates — Brief  sketch  of — Order   of  Exercises  of  first  Commencement  —  Wearin^  of 

O 

gowns  and  caps  begun  in  1786 — Valedictory  and  Intermediate  Orations  formerly 
assigned  by  the  classes — Tristam  Burges — Resolution  of  the  Corporation  in  1790  in 
regard  to  disorderly  practices  on  Commencement  days — Commencement  in  early  days 
compared  with  the  Commencements  of  later  times — Earliest  printed  Order  of  Exer 
cises — Second  Commencement  held  in  Providence  in  1770 — Order  of  Exercises — 
"Billy  Edwards"— 1771,  1772,  1773— Doct.  Solomon  Drowne— President  Man 
ning's  Baccalaureate  Address — 1774 — No  Commencement  in  1775 — Order  of  Exer 
cises  for  1776 — No  Commencement  from  1776  until  1783 — Order  of  Exercises  for 
1783  not  preserved — No  Commencement  in  1784  and  1785 — 1786,  1787 — President 
Maxcy — 1788  to  1791 — Judge  Howell's  Baccalaureate  Address— 1792  to  1796— 
Tristam  Burges — 1797  to  1803 — President  Messer's  Baccalaureate  Address — 1804 
to  1825— President  Sears — 1826 — President  Messer— 1827— President  Wayland— 
1828  to  1851 — New  System — 1852  to  1855— Resignation  of  President  Wayland— 
1856— President  Sears— 1857  to  1866.  , 

APPENDIX. 

3SU0ipati0tt  at  1  nMtnt  £m$. 

PAGES  427-430. 

Dr.  Sears  appointed  General  Agent  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  PEABODY 
EDUCATIONAL  FUND  —  Resigns  the  Presidency  of  the  University  —  Special  meeting 
of  the  Corporation — Resignation  accepted — Resolutions  adopted — President  M.  B. 
Anderson,  of  Rochester  University,  elected  as  Dr.  Sears's  successor — Remarks  upon 
the  retiring  President. 

INDEX   OF   BENEFACTOKS,  PAGES  431-440. 

NAMES   OF   SUBSCRIBERS, "      441-443. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH 


OF 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY 


1762-1866. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH. 


iROWN  UNIVERSITY  owes  its  origin  to  a  desire,  on  the  part 
of  members  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  to 
secure  for  their  churches  an  educated  ministry,  without  the 
restrictions  of  denominational  influence  and  sectarian  tests.  The 
distinguishing  sentiments  of  the  Baptists,  it  may  be  observed,  were 
at  variance  with  the  religious  opinions  that  prevailed  throughout 
the  American  colonies  a  century  ago.  They  advocated  liberty 
of  conscience,  the  entire  separation  of  church  and  state,  believer's 
baptism  by  immersion,  and  a  converted  church  membership ;  — 
principles  for  which  they  have  earnestly  contended  from  the 
beginning.  The  student  of  history  will  readily  perceive  how 
they  thus  came  into  collision  with  the  ruling  powers.  They  were 
fined  in  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  for  resistance  to  oppressive 
ecclesiastical  laws,  they  were  imprisoned  in  Virginia,  and  through 
out  the  land  were  subjected  to  contumely  and  reproach.  This  dis 
like  to  the  Baptists  as  a  denomination,  or  rather  to  their  principles, 
was  very  naturally  shared  by  the  higher  institutions  of  learning 
then  in  existence.*" 

*  Brown  University,  which  was  founded  in  1764,  is  the  seventh  American  college,  in  the 
order  of  date.  Harvard  College  was  founded  in  1638  ;  William  and  Mary,  in  1692  ;  Yale, 
in  1701 ;  College  of  New  Jersey,  in  1746  ;  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1753 ;  and  Colum 
bia  College,  in  17o4. 


4  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

In  the  year  1756,  the  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Philadelphia  and  Charleston  Associations,  founded  at  Hope- 
well,  New  Jersey,  an  academy  "  for  the  education  of  youth  for 
the  ministry."  To  him,  therefore,  belongs  the  distinguished 
honor  of  being  the  first  American  Baptist  to  establish  a  semi 
nary  for  the  literary  and  theological  training  of  young  men. 
The  Hopewell  Academy,  which  was  committed  to  the  general 
supervision  of  a  board  of  trustees,  appointed  by  the  two  above 
mentioned  associations,  and  supported  mainly  by  funds  which  they 
contributed,  was  continued  eleven  years.  During  this  period, 
many,  who  afterwards  became  eminent  in  the  ministry,  received 
within  its  quiet  shades  the  rudiments  of  an  education.  Among 
them  may  be  mentioned  the  names  of  James  Manning,  Hezekiah 
Smith,  Samuel  Stillman,  Samuel  Jones,  John  Gano,  Oliver  Hart, 
Charles  Thompson,  William  Williams,  Isaac  Skillman,  John  Davis, 
Robert  Keith,  David  Jones,  David  Thomas,  John  Sutton,  David 
Sutton,  John  Blackwell,  Joseph  Powell,  William  Worth  and  Levi 
Bonnel.  Not  a  few  of  Mr.  Eaton's  students  distinguished  them 
selves  in  the  professions  of  medicine  and  of  law.  Of  this  latter 
class  was  the  late  Hon.  Judge  Howell,  a  name  familiar  to  the 
early  students  of  Rhode  Island  College,  and  to  the  statesmen  and 
politicians  of  that  day.  Benjamin  Stelle,  who  graduated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  and  who  afterwards,  in  the  year  1766, 
established  a  Latin  school  in  Providence,  was  also  a  student  at 
Hopewell.  His  daughter  Mary,  it  may  be  added,  was  the  second 
wife  of  the  late  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  from  whom  the  University 
derives  its  name. 

The  "success  of  the  Hopewell  Academy  inspired  the  friends  of 
learning  with  renewed  confidence,  and  incited  them  to  establish 
a  college.  "Many  of  the  churches,"  says  the  Rev.  Morgan 
Edwards,  "  being  supplied  with  able  pastors  from  Mr.  Eaton's 
Academy,  and  being  thus  convinced,  from  experience,  of  the  great 


HISTORICALSKETCH.  5 

usefulness  of  human  literature  to  more  thoroughly  furnish  the 
man  of  God  for  the  most  important  work  of  the  gospel  ministry, 
the  hands  of  the  Philadelphia  Association  were  strengthened,  and 
their  hearts  encouraged  to  extend  their  designs  of  promoting 
literature  in  the  society,  by  erecting,  on  some  suitable  part  of 
this  continent,  a  college  or  university,  which  should  be  principally 
under  the  direction  and  government  of  the  Baptists.  At  first, 
some  of  the  southern  colonies  seemed  to  bid  fairest  to  answer 
their  purpose,  there  not  being  so  many  colleges  in  those  colonies 
as  the  northerly ;  but  the  northern  colonies,  having  been  visited 
by  some  of  the  Association,  who  informed  them  of  the  great 
increase  of  the  Baptist  societies  of  late,  in  those  parts,  and  that 
Rhode  Island  Government  had  no  public  school  or  college  in  it, 
and  was  originally  settled  by  persons  of  the  Baptist  persuasion, 
and  a  greater  part  of  the  Government  remained  so  still,  there 
was  no  longer  any  doubt  but  that  was  the  most  suitable  place  to 
carry  the  design  into  execution." : 

Mr.  Edwards,  to  whom  reference  is  made  in  the  foregoing,  was 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  to  which  he  had 
been  recommended  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gill,  and  others,  of  London. 
He  was  a  native  of  Wales,  and  had  been  educated  in  his  early 
youth  as  an  Episcopalian.  He  received  his  academical  training 
at  Bristol,  under  the  Rev.  Dr.  Foskett,  and,  upon  the  completion  of 
his  studies,  entered  upon  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry.  He 
arrived  in  this  country  on  the  23d  of  May,  1761.  Possessing 
superior  abilities,  united  with  uncommon  perseverance  and  zeal, 
he  became  a  leader  in  various  literary  and  benevolent  undertak 
ings,  freely  devoting  to  them  his  talents  and  his  time,  and  thereby 
.rendering  essential  service  to  the  denomination  to  which  he  was 
attached.  He  was  the  prime  mover  in  the  enterprise  of  establishing 
a  "Baptist  college"; — and  to  him,  with  the  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  of 

*  Appendix  to  President  Soars' s  Centennial  Discourse,  page  63. 


6  BBOWN    UNIVERSITY. 

Lower  Dublin,  Pennsylvania,  the  details  of  the  plan,  it  appears, 
were  mainly  intrusted.  His  labors  to  advance  this  object  he 
always  deemed  the  most  important  of  his  life.  In  the  prosecu 
tion  of  the  enterprise,  he  received  hearty  cooperation  and  sub 
stantial  aid  from  men  like  Oliver  Hart  and  Francis  Pelot,  of  the 
Charleston  Association ;  John  Hart  of  New  Jersey,  the  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  John  Stites,  the  mayor  of  Eliza- 
bethtown,  and  father-in-law  of  Dr.  Manning;  and  from  others 
of  kindred  zeal  and  spirit.  The  final  success  of  the  movement, 
it  should  be  added,  is  justly  ascribed  to  the  life-long  labors  of  him 
who  was  appointed  the  first  President  of  the  College. 

On  the  12th  of  October,  1762,  the  Philadelphia  Association, 
then  comprising  twenty-nine  churches,  met  at  the  Lutheran 
Church,  in  Fifth  street,  "  where,"  says  the  record,  "  the  sound  of 
the  organ  was  heard  in  the  Baptist  worship."  Mr.  Edwards  was 
chosen  moderator,  and  the  Rev.  Abel  Morgan,  clerk.  At  this 
meeting,  says  the  historian  Backus,*  the  delegates  and  friends 
"  obtained  such  an  acquaintance  with  our  affairs,  as  to  bring  them 
to  an  apprehension  that  it  was  practical  and  expedient  to  erect  a 
college  in  the  Colony  of  Ehode  Island,  under  the  chief  direction 
of  the  Baptists ;  wherein  education  might  be  promoted,  and  supe 
rior  learning  obtained,  free  of  any  sectarian  religious  tests."  The 
leader  selected  for  this  most  important  work  was  James  Manning, 
who,  on  the  29th  of  the  previous  month,  had  graduated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  with  the  second  honors  of  his  class ;  and 
who  had  been  formerly  both  a  pupil  and  an  assistant  at  the  Hope- 
well  Academy.  He  was  only  twenty-four  years  of  age,  but  his 
extraordinary  mental  and  physical  powers  were  well  matured, 
and  gave  ample  promise  of  that  success  in  his  chosen  vocation 
and  calling  to  which  he  afterwards  attained. 

*  Church  History  of  New  England,  volume  2,  page  23o. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  7 

The  accompanying  likeness,  engraved  for  our  former  work 
from  an  original  portrait,  exhibits  him  at  a  later  period  in  life 
when  President  of  the  Rhode  Island  College  in  Providence.  His 
person,  says  a  contemporary,  was  graceful,  his  countenance  was 
stately  and  majestic,  his  manner  enchanting,  his  voice  harmonious, 
and  his  eloquence  almost  irresistible.  He  possessed,  moreover,  gen 
uine  piety,  and  a  benevolence  which  beamed  in  every  feature. 
And  when  to  these  varied  gifts  and  accomplishments  we  add 
sterling  good  sense,  for  which  he  was  preeminently  distinguished, 
and  superior  learning,  the  wisdom  of  that  choice  which  selected 
him  as  a  leader  and  pioneer,  in  founding  and  establishing  a  col 
lege  or  university,  wrill  readily  be  seen  and  acknowledged. 

In  the  month  of  July,  1763,  Mr.  Manning,  accompanied  by  his 
friend,  the  Eev.  John  Sutton,  a  member  with  him  of  Mr.  Miller's 
church  in  ElizabethtowTn,  New  Jersey,  and  also  an  early  pupil  of  the 
Academy,  stopped  at  Newport,  on  their  way  to  Halifax,  to  arrange 
the  preliminaries  for  establishing  in  Rhode  Island  a  "  seminary  of 
polite  literature,  subject  to  the  government  of  the  Baptists." 
Newport  was  at  this  time  the  most  flourishing  town  in  the  Colony, 
and  the  centre  of  opulence,  refinement  and  learning.  Immedi 
ately  upon  their  arrival  they  "  made  a  motion,"  quoting  the  words 
of  Manning  in  his  narrative,*  *'  to  several  gentlemen  of  the  Baptist 
denomination,  whereof  Col.  Gardner,  the  deputy  governor  was 
one,  relative  to  a  seminary,"  etc.  The  project  was  received  with 
favor,  and,  at  a  meeting  of  its  friends  held  at  Mr.  Gardner's  house 
on  the  following  day,  Mr.  Manning  presented  a  rough  outline  or 
sketch  of  the  design,  "the  tenor  of  which  was,  that  the  institu 
tion  was  to  be  a  Baptist  one,  but  that  as  many  of  other  denomi 
nations  should  be  taken  in  as  was  consistent  with  the  said  design." 
A  committee  was  accordingly  appointed,  consisting  of  the  Hon. 
Josias  Lyndon  and  Col  Job  Bennet,  to  draw  up  a  charter 

*  MA.NXIXO  AXO  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  page  46. 


8  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

agreeably  to  the  proposed  plan,  and  present  it  to  "the  next  Gen 
eral  Assembly,  with  a  petition  that  they  would  pass  it  into  a  law." 
These  gentlemen  pleading  unskillfulness  in  a  matter  of  this  kind, 
solicited  the  assistance  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stiles,  afterwards  the  dis 
tinguished  President  of  Yale  College.  The  manner  in  which  this 
eminent  scholar  and  divine  nearly  succeeded  in  defeating  the 
project,  by  drafting  a  charter  at  variance  with  the  original 
design,  is  fully  related  in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY;  —  to 
which  work,  as  also  to  a  subsequent  chapter  on  the  College  char 
ter,  the  reader  is  referred  for  details  and  illustrations.  After 
various  difficulties  and  delays,  in  consequence  of  the  determined 
opposition  of  those  who  were  unfriendly  to  the  movement,  the 
Legislature,  or  "General  Assembly,"  held  by  adjournment  in  East 
Greenwich,  the  last  week  in  February,  1764,  granted  a  charter, 
which  has  secured  to  the  College  or  University,  for  a  century, 
ample  privileges ;  and  which  is  "  undoubtedly,"  says  Prof.  Kings- 
ley,  in  his  Life  of  Dr.  Stiles,  "  in  many  respects,  one  of  the  best 
college  charters  in  New  England."  Its  chief  provisions  were : 
The  exclusion  of  all  religious  tests  for  applicants  for  admission, 
and  of  all  sectarian  teachings  in  the  College  course ;  equality  of 
privileges  for  all  Protestant  denominations ;  the  choice  of  Profes 
sors  without  regard  to  denominational  views ;  and  government  by 
a  President  of  Baptist  sentiments,  and  by  a  Board  of  Fellows  and 
a  Board  of  Trustees,  in  which,  though  the  Baptists  were  to  have 
the  predominance,  other  denominations  in  the  Colony  were  to  be 
fairly  represented.  Of  the  twelve  Fellows,  eight,  including  the 
President,  \vere  to  be  Baptists;  and  of  the  thirty-six  Trustees, 
twenty-two  were  to  be  Baptists ;  five,  Friends ;  four,  Congrega- 
tionalists ;  and  five,  Episcopalians.  The  corporate  name  of  the 
Institution  was  to  be,  "  The  College  or  University  in  the  English 
Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  in  New  Eng 
land,  in  America,"  until  it  should  be  honored  with  that  of  some 
eminent  benefactor — an  anticipation  in  due  time  happily  fulfilled. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  9 

But  though  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  had  been  selected 
for  the  College,  and  a  charter  had  been  secured,  no  town  stood 
prepared  to  welcome  it  in  its  infant  state,  without  students, 
without  funds,  and  with  no  certain  means  of  support.  To  the 
friends  and  projectors  of  the  enterprise  it  seemed  therefore  desira 
ble,  that  it  should  be  located  where  the  President  might  have  an 
opportunity  to  preach,  in  connection  with  the  work  of  instruction, 
and  thus  secure  for  the  time  being  a  maintenance  for  himself  and 
family.  The  two  churches  at  Newport  were  already  provided 
with  competent  pastors; — the  Eev.  Edward  Upham,  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  College,  and  the  Rev.  Gardner  Thurston,  whose  meet 
ing-house  and  congregation  were  at  this  early  period  the  largest, 
according  to  Edwards,  of  any  connected  with  the  Baptist  denomi 
nation  in  New  England.  The  church  at  Providence,  although  the 
oldest  Baptist  church  in  America,  had  never  been  accustomed  to 
contribute  liberally  towards  the  support  of  a  pastor.  With  only 
one  hundred  and  eighteen  members  living  widely  apart,  with 
a  small  and  uncomfortable  house,  opposed  to  singing  in  public 
worship,  and  clinging  to  many  prejudices  and  customs,  which  it 
afterwards  threw  off  under  the  enlightened  teachings  of  Man 
ning,  it  offered  but  feeble  encouragement  to  a  seat  of  learning. 
Besides,  the  church  was  already  provided  wdth  a  pastor,  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Winsor,  who  had  been  settled  over  them  since  1759. 
Warren,  a  thriving  town  on  the  Narragansett  Bay,  ten  miles  from 
Providence,  seemed  to  meet  all  the  requirements  of  the  case. 
Here  were  ample  materials  for  the  formation  of  a  church; — and 
here  the  leader  in  the  great  educational  movement  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Association  would  receive  a  cordial  welcome. 

Mr.  Manning,  therefore,  shortly  after  the  granting  of  the 
charter,  or  about  the  middle  of  April,  1764,  removed  with  his 
family  to  Warren,  where  he  immediately  opened  a  Latin  school, 


10  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

as  a  step  preparatory  to  the  beginning  of  College  instruction. 
This  school,  which  soon  became  flourishing,  he  continued  to  teach 
or  superintend  for  many  years,  in  connection  with  his  professional 
duties  and  calling.  In  1770,  it  was  removed  to  Providence,  and, 
upon  the  completion  of  what  is  now  called  "  University  Hall,"  was 
kept  in  the  lower  story  of  that  building.  Under  the  name  of  the 
"  University  Grammar  School,"  it  continues  at  the  present  day  to 
render  most  efficient  service,  as  an  auxiliary  to  the  Institution 
which  called  it  into  being. 

At  the  time  of  Manning's  arrival  in  Warren,  there  were  nearly 
sixty  Baptist  communicants  residing  in  the  place,  the  majority  of 
whom  were  members  of  the  venerable  church  in  Swanzey.  The 
population  of  the  village  was  increasing,  and  the  time  seemed  to 
have  come  for  carrying  out  their  long  cherished  plans  and  wishes 
in  regard  to  the  formation  of  a  church.  The  zeal  and  eloquence 
of  Manning  as  a  preacher  had  attracted  a  large  congregation,  and 
not  a  few  persons  had  become  believers  in  Christ,  as  the  fruits  of 
his  ministry.  Accordingly,  on  the  15th  of  November,  1764,  a 
church  of  fifty-eight  members  was  organized,  over  which  Man 
ning  was  duly  installed  as  pastor.  The  relations  thus  assumed 
proved  pleasant  alike  to  minister  and  people.  During  the  six 
years  of  their  continuance  the  church  greatly  increased  in  num 
bers  and  strength,  while  the  College  flourished  under  its  fostering 
care. 

At  the  second  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held  in  New 
port,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  1765,  Mr.  Manning 
was  formally  appointed  "  President  of  the  College,  Professor  of 
Languages,  and  other  branches  of  learning,  with  full  power  to 
act  in  these  capacities  at  Warren,  or  elsewhere."  This  is  the 
language  of  the  record,  which,  as  has  been  playfully  remarked, 
"  though  not  obnoxious  to  the  charge  of  legal  precision,  seems  to 
imply,  on  the  part  of  the  Corporation,  no  want  of  confidence  in 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  ]] 

the  variety  of  the  President's  attainments."  In  the  following 
year,  Mr.  David  Howell,*  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
who  was  afterwards  honored  with  high  political  and  judicial  trusts 
in  the  State  of  his  adoption,  became  his  assistant.  As  funds  were 
needed  for  the  support  of  the  instructors,  Mr.  Edwards,  in  1767, 
visited  England  and  Ireland,  for  the  purpose  of  soliciting  aid  ;  in 
which  undertaking,  considering  the  times,  he  was  very  successful. 
The  original  subscription  book,  containing  among  others,  the  hon 
ored  signatures  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  Benjamin  West,  Thomas 
Llewelyn,  Thomas  Penn,  Thomas  Hollis,  Rev.  Dr.  Stennett,  Rev. 
Dr.  Giffbrd,  Rev.  Dr.  Gibbons,  and  the  commentator,  Rev.  Dr.  Gill, 
constitutes  one  of  the  most  precious  documents  in  the  College 
archives.  Collections  were  also  made  in  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  through  the  agency  of  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  and  also 
in  the  churches  connected  with  the  various  Baptist  associations. 

The  first  Commencement  of  the  College,  was  held  in  the  meet 
ing-house  at  Warren,  on  the  7th  day  of  September,  1769.     Four 

*Hoii.  Judge  Howell  LL.  D.  lie  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  January  1,  1747,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton,  in  1766.  In  1770  he  removed  to  Providence,  where  ho  continued  to  reside 
until  his  death,  in  1824,  at  the  age  of  seventy-seven  years.  In  1769  he  was  appointed  a 
Professor  in  the  College,  and  in  1773,  he  was  elected  to  a  Fellowship  in  the  Corporation, 
retaining-  this  latter  position  upwards  of  fifty-one  years.  He  practised  law  a  great  while, 
and  was  among  the  most  eminent  members  of  the  Rhode  Island  Bar.  Under  the  Confeder 
ation  he  was  a  member  of  Congress,  and  he  subsequently  filled,  with  great  ability,  various 
high  offices.  In  1812  he  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  this  office  he  sustained  until  his  death.  He  was  endowed,  says  Prof.  Goddard, 
with  extraordinary  talents,  and  he  superadded  to  his  endowments  extensive  and  accurate 
learning.  Ho  was  a  brilliant  wit,  and  as  a  pungent  and  effective  political  writer  he  was 
unrivalled.  ,1  udge  Howell,  it  may  be  added,  was  a  man  of  enormous  physical  development, 
weighing,  it  is  said,  upwards  of  three  hundred  pounds.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
Jeremiah  and  Waitstill  Brown,  and  granddaughter  of  the  Rev.  James  Brown,  one  of  the 
early  pastors  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Providence.  One  of  his  daughters,  Waitstill,  was 
married  to  Ebenezer  Knight  Dexter,  Esq.,  who,  dying  without  issue,  bequeathed  to  the  City 
of  Providence,  the  "  Dexter  Asylum  "  lands,  the  "  Dexter  Training  Ground,"  and  a  large 
portion  of  his  ample  estate.  Another  daughter,  Sarah,  married  for  her  first  husband, 
Gamaliel  Lyman  Dwight  of  Boston.  Their  grandson,  Gamaliel  Lyman  Dwight,  has 
recently  founded  the  "  David  Howell  Scholarship,"  to  perpetuate  in  the  University  the 
name  and  memory  of  his  distinguished  ancestor. 


12  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

years  had  elapsed  since  the  President,  with  a  solitary  pupil,*  began 
his  Collegiate  work  as  an  instructor.  Amid  severe  toils,  and  diffi 
culties,  and  opposition  even,  he  had  quietly  persevered,  until  the 
infant  Seminary  under  his  care  had  won  its  way  to  public  favor. 
And  now  seven  students  were  to  take  their  first  degree,  and  go 
forth  to  the  duties  of  life.  They  were  young  men  of  unusual 
promise.  Some  of  them  were  destined  to  fill  conspicuous  places 
in  the  approaching  struggle  for  independence;  others  were  to 
be  leaders  in  the  church,  and  distinguished  educators  of  youth. 
Probably  no  class  that  has  gone  forth  from  the  University,  in  her 
palmiest  days  of  prosperity,  has  exerted  so  widely  extended  and 
beneficial  an  influence,  the  times  and  circumstances  taken  into 
account,  as  this  first  classf  that  graduated  at  Warren.  The 
occasion  drew  together  a  large  concourse  of  people  from  all  parts 
of  the  Colony,  inaugurating  the  earliest  State  holiday  in  the  his 
tory  of  Rhode  Island.  A  contemporary  account  preserves  the 
interesting  facts,  that  both  the  President  and  the  candidates  for 
degrees  were  dressed  in  clothing  of  American  manufacture,  and 
that  the  audience,  composed  of  many  of  the  first  ladies  and  gen 
tlemen  of  the  Colony,  behaved  with  great  decorum. 

Up  to  this  date,  1769,  the  "Seminary,"  says  Morgan  Edwards, 
"  was  for  the  most  part  friendless  and  moneyless,  and  therefore, 
forlorn,  insomuch  that  a  College  edifice  was  hardly  thought  of." 
But  the  interest  manifested  in  the  exercises  of  Commencement, 
and  the  frequent  remittances  from  England,  led  some  "  to  hope, 

*Rev.  Wm.  Rogers,  D.  1).,  for  many  years  Professor  of  Oratory  and  Uolles  Lettrcs  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  matriculated  by  President  Manning  on  tho  3d  of 
September,  1765.  The  next  student  of  the  College  was  Richard  Stites,  a  nephew  of  the 
President,  who  was  matriculated  Juno  20,  1766.  Mr.  Rogers  was  therefore  the  first  .student 
of  Brown  University,  and  for  nine  months  and  seventeen  days  the  only  student,  A  fine 
portrait  of  him,  painted  by  his  daughter,  forms  a  part  of  the  Collection  of  Portraits  in 
Rhode  Island  Hall. 

fBiographical  sketches  of  Varnuin,  Rogers.  Williams,  and  Thompson,  prominent  members 
of  this  class,  are  given  in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pp.  91-106. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  13 

and  many  to  fear,  that  the  Institution  would  come  to  something 
and  stand.  Then  a  building  and  the  place  of  it  were  talked  of, 
which  opened  a  new  scene  of  troubles  and  contentions,  that  had 
well  nigh  ruined  all.  Warren  was  at  first  agreed  on  as  a  proper 
situation,  where  a  small  wing  was  to  be  erected  in  the  spring  of 
1770,  and  about  £800  (lawful  money)  was  raised  toward  effecting 
it.  But  soon  afterwards,  some  who  were  unwilling  it  should  be 
there,  and  some  who  were  unwilling  it  should  be  anywhere,  did 
so  far  agree,  as  to  lay  aside  the  said  location,  and  propose  that 
the  county  which  should  raise  the  most  money  should  have  the 
College."  Subscriptions  were  immediately  set  on  foot  in  several 
counties,  but  the  claimants  for  the  honor  were  finally  reduced 
to  two,  viz:  Providence  and  Newport.  The  contested  question 
was  finally  settled,  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held 
in  Warren,  February  7,  1770.  "The  people  had  raised,"  says 
Manning,  in  his  account  of  this  meeting,  "  £4,000,  lawful  money, 
taking  in  their  unconditional  subscription.  But  Providence  pre 
sented  £4,280,  lawful,  and  advantages  superior  to  Newport  in 
other  respects."  The  dispute,  he  adds  lasted  from  10  o'clock 
Wednesday  morning  until  the  same  hour  Thursday  night,  and 
was  decided  in  the  presence  of  a  large  congregation,  in  favor  of 
Providence,  by  a  vote  of  twenty-one  to  fourteen. 

Soon  after  this  decision,  the  President  and  Prof.  Ho  well,  with 
their  pupils,  removed  to  Providence,  occupying  for  a  time  the  upper 
part  of  the  Brick  School  House  on  Meeting  street,  for  prayers 
and  recitations.  On  the  14th  of  May,  1770,  the  foundations  of 
the  first  College  building  were  laid.  The  spot  selected  for  it  was 
the  crest  of  a  hill  which  then  commanded  a  view  of  the  bay,  the 
river,  with  the  town  on  its  banks,  and  a  broad  reach  of  country 
on  all  sides.  The  land  comprised  about  eight  acres,  and  included 
a  portion  of  the  original  "  home  lot"  of  Chad  Brown,  the  associate 
and  friend  of  Roger  Williams,  and  the  "first  Baptist  Elder  in 


14  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Khode  Island."  Now  that  the  buildings  of  the  city  have  crept 
up  the  hill,  and,  gathering  round  the  College  grounds,  have 
stretched  out  far  beyond  them,  thus  shutting  out  the  nearer 
prospect,  the  eye  can  still  take  in,  from  the  top  of  "  University 
Hall,"  the  same  varied  and  beautiful  landscape  which  once  con 
stituted  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of  the  site. 

During  a  portion  of  the  revolutionary  period,  from  December 
6,  1776,  until  May  27,  1782,  the  College  was  disbanded;  and  a 
gap  therefore  occurs  in  its  history.  Up  to  this  time  the  number 
of  students  had  steadily  increased  from  year  to  year.  In  1765, 
there  was,  as  we  have  already  stated,  but  a  single  pupil  pursuing 
a  course  of  study  under  President  Manning.  In  the  year  follow 
ing  there  were  six;  in  1767  ten;  in  1770  twenty-one;  in  1773 
thirty-five,  and  in  1775  forty-one.  These  facts  we  learn  from  a 
paper  preserved  on  file  by  Judge  Howell,  and  also  from  an  inter 
esting  paper  in  the  hand-writing  of  Manning.  The  latter  is 
entitled  "A  Matriculation  Roll  of  the  number  of  students  in 
Rhode  Island  College,  with  the  time  of  their  admission,  up  to 
1769,"  and  reads  as  follows,  the  several  classes  being  separated  by 
intervening  lines :  — 

William  Rogers,     entered  September  3,  1765,  from  Newport,  R.  I. 

Richard  Stites,  "  June  20,  1766,  "  Elizabcthtown,  N.  J. 

Joseph  Belton,  •'  November   4,  1766,  "  Groton,  Ct. 

Joseph  Eaton,  10,  1766,  "  Hopcwell,  N.  J. 

William  Williams,  "  10,  1766,  "  Hilton,  Penn. 

Charles  Thompson,  "  "         10,1766,  ••  Amwell,  N.  J. 

James  M.  Varnum,  "  May  23,  1768,  'k  Dracut,  Mass. 

John    Dennis,  entered  September,  1767,  from   Newport,  K.  I. 

Theodore  Foster,  1767,        "     Brookfield,  Mass. 

Samuel  Nash,  1767,        "     Massachusetts. 

Seth  Read,  1767,        "     Uxbridge,  Mass. 

Thomas  Arnold,      entered  September,  1768,     from  Smithfield,  R.  I. 
Thomas  Ustick,  1768,        "     City  of  New  York. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH. 


15 


Samuel  Ward, 
Ranne  Cossit, 
Benjamin  Farnum, 
Micah  Brown, 
William  Nelson, 


entered  September,  1768, 
1768, 
1768, 

1768, 
1768, 


from  Westerly,  R.  T. 

"  Connecticut. 

'*  Connecticut. 

"  Barrington,  R.  I. 

"  Middleborough,  Mas:- 


Joseph  Appleton,    entered  September,  1769,     from  Ipswich,  Mass. 


Ebenezcr  David, 
Benjamin  Greene. 
Joseph  Harris. 
Elias  Howell, 
Joseph  D.  Russell, 


1769, 
1769, 
1769, 
1769, 
1769, 


Solomon  l>r<  wn,      entered  September,  1769, 

Joseph  Litchfield.  1769, 

Jacob  N;.sh,  1769, 

Philip  Paddleforc!,  1769, 

Henry H.Tillinghast,   "  1769, 


City  of  Philadelphia. 
"     Bristol,  R.  I. 
"     Smithfield,  R.  I. 
11     Egg  Harbor,  N.  J. 
"     Providence,  R.  I. 

from   Providence,  R.  I. 
"     Massachusetts 
"     Providence,  R.  I. 

Middleborough,  Mass. 
"     Providence.  R.  I. 


On  Saturday,  December  7,  1776,  Sir  Peter  Parker,  the  British 
commander,  with  seventy  sail  of  men-of-war,  anchored  in  Newport 
harbor,  landed  a  body  of  troops,  and  took  possession  of  the  place. 
Providence  was  at  once  thrown  into  confusion  and  alarm.  Forces 
hastily  collected  were  massed  throughout  the  town,  martial  law 
was  proclaimed,  College  studies  were  interrupted,  and  the  students 
were  dismissed  to  their  respective  homes.  The  seat  of  the  Muses 
now  became  the  habitation  of  Mars.  The  dormitories  and  recita 
tion-rooms  were  occupied  as  barracks  by  the  State  militia,  and 
afterwards  as  a  hospital  by  our  French  allies. 

In  the  Spring  of  1786,  President  Manning,  whose  graceful 
deportment,  thorough  scholarship,  and  wise  and  Christian  character 
had  commended  him  to  all  his  fellow-citizens,  was  unanimously 
appointed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  to  represent 
the  State  in  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation.  This  was  during 
a  crisis  of  depression  and  alarm,  when  the  whole  political  fabric 
was  threatened  with  destruction.  He,  however,  returned  to  his 


16  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

College  duties  at  the  close  of  the  year,  being  unwilling  to  remain 
longer  away  from  the  scenes  of  his  chosen  labors.  With  the 
momentous  questions  of  the  day  he  was  thoroughly  familiar,  and 
he  afterwards,  by  his  voice  and  by  his  pen,  contributed  very 
materially  to  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution  by  the 
State,  in  1790. 

On  the  morning  of  July  24,  1791,  while  uttering  the  voice 
of  prayer  around  the  domestic  altar,  Dr.  Manning  was  seized  with 
a  fit  of  apoplexy,  in  which  he  remained,  but  with  imperfect  con 
sciousness,  till  the  ensuing  Friday,  when  he  expired,  in  the  54th 
year  of  his  age.  The  sudden  death  of  a  man  who  was  univer 
sally  esteemed  and  loved,  and  who  had  filled  for  so  many  years, 
such  various  and  responsible  stations  of  usefulness  and  trust,  pro 
duced  throughout  the  entire  community  the  most  profound  sor 
row,  reaching  to  every  part  of  the  city  in  which  he  lived.  The 
College,  with  which  he  had  been  identified  from  its  infancy ;  the 
Warren  Association,  which  had  been  founded  mainly  through  his 
instrumentality ;  the  venerable  Baptist  church,  over  which  he 
for  twenty  years  had  been  pastor ;  the  State,  whose  counsels  and 
deliberations  he  had  often  guided ;  and  especially  the  religious 
denomination,  far  and  near,  to  which  he  was  sincerely  attached, 
all  lamented  the  loss  of  a  great  and  good  man.  A  vast  concourse 
of  people  attended  his  funeral,  and  followed  with  weeping  eyes 
his  remains  to  the  grave.  That  the  death  of  a  Christian  minister, 
and  a  teacher  of  science  and  letters,  who  possessed  none  of  the 
advantages  of  wealth,  but  whose  later  years,  on  the  contrary, 
had  been  oppressed  by  economic  solicitude  and  care,  should  pro 
duce  a  regret  so  universal  and  so  deep,  "is  a  pleasing  homage  " — 
adopting  the  language  of  Robert  Hall  on  the  occasion  of  the 
death  of  Dr.  Ryland — "to  the  majesty  of  moral  power  and  intel 
lectual  greatness." 

The  following  particulars  relating  to  Dr.  Manning's  personal 
appearance,  habits,  character  and  influence,  are  from  the  pen  of 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  17 

his  early  associate  and  friend,  the  Hon.  David  How  ell,  who  wrote 
his  obituary  notice,  and  who  also  penned  the  inscription  upon  the 
marble  tablet  erected  to  his  memory  by  the  Trustees  and  Fellows 
of  the  College: — 

In  his  youth  he  was  remarkable  for  his  dexterity  in  athletic  exercises,  for  the 
symmetry  of  his  body,  and  gracefulness  of  his  person.  His  countenance  was  stately 
and  majestic,  full  of  dignity,  goodness,  and  gravity ;  and  the  temper  of  his  mind  was  a 
counterpart  to  it.  He  was  formed  for  enterprise.  His  address  was  pleasing,  his  man 
ner  enchanting,  his  voice  harmonious,  and  his  eloquence  almost  irresistible. 

Having  deeply  imbibed  the  spirit  of  truth  himself,  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel, 
he  was  faithful  in  declaring  the  whole  counsel  of  God.  He  studied  plainness  of  speech, 
and  to  be  useful  more  than  to  be  celebrated.  The  good  order,  learning,  and  respecta 
bility  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  the  eastern  states,  are  much  owing  to  his  assiduous 
attention  to  their  welfare.  The  credit  of  his  name  and  his  personal  influence  among 
them,  have  never,  perhaps,  been  exceeded  by  any  other  character. 

Of  the  College  he  must  be  considered,  in  one  sense,  as  the  founder.  He  pre 
sided  with  the  singular  advantage  of  a  superior  personal  appearance,  added  to  all  his 
shining  talents  for  governing  and  instructing  youth.  From  the  first  beginning  of  his 
Latin  school  at  Warren,  through  many  discouragements,  he  has,  by  constant  care  and 
labor,  raised  this  seat  of  learning  to  notice,  to  credit,  and  to  respectability  in  the 
United  States.  Perhaps  the  history  of  no  other  college  will  disclose  a  more  rapid 
progress  or  greater  maturity,  in  the  course  of  about  twenty-five  years. 

Although  he  seemed  to  be  consigned  to  a  sedentary  life,  yet  he  was  capable  of 
more  active  scenes.  He  had  paid  much  attention  to  the  government  of  his  country, 
and  had  been  honored  by  this  State  with  a  seat  in  the  Old  Congress.  In  state  affairs 
he  discovered  an  uncommon  degree  of  sagacity,  and  he  might  have  made  a  figure  as  a 
politician. 

In  classical  learning  he  was  fully  competent  to  the  business  of  teaching,  although 
he  devoted  less  time  than  some  others  in  h:^  station  to  the  study  of  the  more  abtruse 
sciences.  In  short,  nature  seemed  to  have  furnished  him  so  completely,  that  little 
remained  for  art  to  accomplish.  The  resources  of  his  genius  were  great.  In  conver 
sation  he  was  at  all  times  pleasant  and  entertaining.  He  had  as  many  friends  as 
acquaintances,  and  he  took  no  less  pains  to  serve  his  friends  than  to  acquire  them, 

His  death  is  a  loss,  not  to  the  College  or  church  only,  but  to  the  world.  He  is 
lamented  by  the  youth  under  his  care,  by  the  churches,  by  his  fellow-citizens ;  and 
wherever  his  name  has  been  heard,  in  whatever  quarter  of  the  civilized  earth,  the 
friends  of  science,  of  virtue  and  humanity  will  drop  a  tender  tear  on  the  news  of  his 
death. 


18  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

We  may  be  allowed  to  add  further  particulars  respecting  his 
voice,  manners  and  discipline,  from  the  pen  of  his  accomplished 
biographer,  the  late  Professor  Goddard  : — 

The  voice  of  Dr.  Manning  was  not  among  the  least  of  his  attractions.  To  its 
extraordinary  compass  and  harmony  may,  in  no  small  degree,  be  ascribed  the  vivid 
impression  which  he  made  upon  minds  How  potent  is  the  fascination  of  a  musical 
and  expressive  voice  !  How  sad  to  think,  that,  in  these  days  of  almost  universal 
accomplishment,  this  mighty  instrument  for  touching  the  heart  of  man  should  be  com 
paratively  neglected !  When  in  connection  with  a  more  careful  culture  of  our  moral 
being,  the  voice  shall  be  trained  to  a  more  perfect  manifestation  of  its  powers,  a  charm, 
hitherto  unfelt,  will  be  lent  to  the  graceful  pleasures  of  life,  and  an  influence  of  almost 
untried  efficacy  to  its  serious  occasions. 

The  manners  of  Dr.  Manning  were  not  less  prepossessing  than  his  personal 
appearance.  They  seemed  to  be  the  expression  of  that  dignity  and  grace  for  which  he 
was  so  remarkable,  and  of  which  he  appeared  to  be  entirely  unconscious  —  a  dignity 
and  grace,  not  artificial  or  studied  in  the  least,  but  the  gift  of  pure  nature.  He  was 
easy  without  negligence,  and  polite  without  affectation.  Unlike  many  of  the  distin 
guished  men  in  our  country,  he  was  too  well  bred  to  adopt  an  air  of  patronage  and 
condescension  towards  his  inferiors  either  in  talent  or  in  station.  As  a  Christian,  also, 
he  felt  the  importance  of  cultivated  manners,  and  he  acknowledged  no  necessary  con 
nection  between  the  sternest  fidelity  to  principle  and  the  p;  ecision  and  austerity  with 
which  it  is  sometimes  found  associated.  Like  the  venerable  Wheelock,  the  founder  of 
Dartmouth  College,  he  abhorred  all  religious  profession  which  was  not  marked  with 
good  manners. 

In  the  discipline  and  instruction  of  the  College,  Dr.  Manning  was  eminently 
successful.  He  secured  the  obedience  of  his  pupils,  rather  by  the  gentleness  of 
parental  persuasion  than  by  the  sternness  of  official  authority.  His  instructions,  which 
were  always  oral,  never  failed  to  command  their  attention,  and  to  leave  upon  their 
minds  a  distinct  impression.  Classical  learning  was  his  forte,  and  to  the  classics  and 
their  cognate  branches,  he  principally  confined  himself. 

Dr.  Manning,  in  his  correspondence  with  friends,  in  England, 
frequently  alludes  to  a  "Narrative"  or  sketch  of  the  College, 
which  he  was  preparing  to  publish  in  a  pamphlet  form,  for  gen 
eral  circulation.  The  breaking  out  of  the  war  and  the  conse 
quent  interruption  of  College  exercises,  probably  prevented  the 
carrying  out  of  his  original  plans.  Among  his  manuscript  papers 
we  find  a  rough  draft  of  the  following  sketch,  which  is  interesting 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  19 

as  a  production  from  his  pen,  and  as  an  exhibition  of  the  condition 
of  the  College  in  1773.  It  is  entitled,  "RHODE  ISLAND  COLLEGE. 
BY  PRESIDENT  MANNING." 

The  charter  was  granted  by  the  Governor  and  Company  of  the  Colony  of  Rhode 
Island,  in  the  year  17^4,  incorporating  a  number  of  gentlemen  therein  mentioned  by 
the  name  of  "  The  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  the  College  in  her  Majesty's  English  Colony 
of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  in  New  England  in  America,"  whereby 
they  are  "  authorized  to  admit  to  and  confer  any  and  all  the  learned  degrees  which  can 
or  ought  to  be  given,  or  conferred  in  any  of  the  colleges  in  America."  And  it  is  like 
wise  expressed  in  the  charter,  that  "into  this  liberal  and  catholic  Institution  shall  never 
be  admitted  any  religious  tests ;  but  on  the  contrary,  all  the  members  hereof  shall  for 
ever  enjoy  full,  free,  absolute  and  uninterrupted  liberty  of  conscience;"  and  "that  youth 
of  all  religious  denominations  shall  and  may  be  admitted  to  the  equal  advantages, 
emoluments  and  honors  of  the  College,  and  shall  receive  a  like  fair,  generous  and 
equal  treatment  during  their  residence  therein;"  and  "that  the  sectarian  differences  in 
opinion  shall  not  make  any  part  of  the  public  and  classical  instruction;"  and  "that  the 
places  of  Professors,  tutors,  and  all  other  officers,  the  President  alone  excepted,  (who 
shall  forever  be  of  the  denomination  called  Baptists,  or  Antipoedobaptists)  shall  be  free 
and  open  for  all  denominations  of  Protestants." 

The  number  of  Trustees  is  thirty-six,  as  follows :  The  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins, 
Esq.,  Chancellor  of  the  College,  Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Esq  .  Vice  Chancellor,  Hon. 
Job  Bennet,  Esq  ,  Treasurer,  Hon  Messrs.  Josias  Lyndon,  Joseph  Wanton,  Jr., 
Nicholas  Cook,  Darius  Sessions,  James  Helme  and  Thomas  Greene,  Esqrs.,  Rev. 
Messrs.  John  Gano,  Gardner  Thurston,  Russel  Mason,  Joshua  Clarke,  John  Maxon, 
Isaac  Backus  and  Samuel  Winsor,  Messrs.  Daniel  Jenckes,  James  Honeyman,  John 
Tillinghast,  Henry  Ward,  Nicholas  Brown,  John  Tanner,  George  Hazard  and  Syl 
vester  Child,  Esqrs  ,  Dr.  Ephraim  Bowen,  Messrs.  Joseph  Russel,  Joseph  Brown, 
John  G.  Wanton,  Simon  Pease,  John  Warren,  William  Brown,  Peleg  Barker, 
Edward  Thui>toru  Jr.  and  Nathan  Spear.  Two  places  vacant, 

The  number  of  Fellows  is  twelve,  as  follows :  Rev.  James  Manning,  Dr. 
Thomas  Eyres,  Rev.  Edward  Upham,  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  Rev.  George  Bisset, 
Rev.  Samuel  Stillman,  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  Dr.  Joshua  Babcock,  Dr.  Jabez  Bowen, 
and  Dr.  Jonathan  Easton.  Two  places  vacant. 

President  of  the  College,  Rev.  James  Manning,  who  also  teaches  Moral  Philoso 
phy,  English  and  Oratory.  '  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy,  David 
Hoell,  (Howell,)  who  also  teaches  the  Hebrew  and  French  Languages;  Tutor,  (vacant.) 
Supplied  by  the  Professor.  Master  of  the  Grammar  school,  Ebenezer  David.  Libra 
rian,  John  Dorrance.  Steward,  Josias  Arnold. 


20  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  students  are  divided  into  four  classes,  viz.  :  Freshman,  Sophomore,  Junior 
and  Senior.  The  three  lower  classes  are  examined  quarterly,  when  graduates  of  any 
college  have  liberty  to  attend  ;  and  those  students  who  appear  to  have  merited  it,  are 
advanced  to  the  next  class;  and  on  the  contrary  delinquents  are  degraded,  or  their 
standing  is  left  conditional  for  another  quarter's  trial.  Young  gentlemen  who  produce 
certificates  of  a  good  moral  character  are  admitted  to  such  standing  in  the  College,  as 
their  proficiency  in  knowledge  will  entitle  them  to,  upon  examination. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  and  Commencement,  is  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  September,  The  first  Commencement  was  held  at  Warren  in  the  year 
1769,  when  seven  alumni  of  the  College  were  graduated.  Present  members  of  Col 
lege,  35;  members  of  the  Grammar  school,  18;  in  all,  53. 

The  College  edifice,  an  elegant  brick  building,  four  stories  high,  150  by  46  feet, 
besides  a  projection  on  each  side  of  33  by  10  feet,  is  situated  on  rising  ground,  adjoin 
ing  the  town  of  Providence,  commanding  an  agreeaHe  and  extensive  prospect,  and 
enjoying  a  serene  and  salutary  air. 

The  whole  expense  of  the  College  edifice  was  defrayed  by  the  voluntary  contri 
butions  of  particular  gentlemen  in  this  Colony.  Collections  have  also  been  made  for 
the  College  fund  in  this  Colony  and  elsewhere,  particularly  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land,  by  the  application  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  and  in  some  of  the  southern 
colonies  on  this  continent  by  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith. 

Tuition,  twelve  dollars  per  year.     Boarding,  one  dollar  per  week. 

Immediately  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Manning,  measures  were 
adopted  to  secure  a  successor  in  the  Presidency  of  the  College. 
At  an  informal  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  in  Providence, 
the  Hon.  David  Howell  was  requested  to  write  on  the  subject  to 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pennsylvania.  His 
interesting  letter  may  be  found  in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY, 
pp.  454-5.  The  following  is  the  reply,  which  we  publish  as  a 
part  of  the  history  of  this  period.  Mr.  Jones,  it  will  be  remem 
bered,  was  one  of  the  original  founders  of  the  College. 

LOWER  DUBLIN,  August  15,  1791 

DEAR  SIR:  — I  received  yours  of  the  3d  instant  the  day  before  yesterday.  The 
melancholy  tidings  of  the  decease  of  your  worthy  President  had  reached  me  six  days 
before ;  on  which  sorrowful  occasion,  I  am  not  ashamed  to  own,  I  shed  many  a  tear. 
Our  acquaintance  commenced  at  the  Grammar  school,  where  we  were  classmates,  thirty- 
five  years  ago,  since  which  time  an  unusual  intimacy  and  friendship,  in  various  con- 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH.  21 

nections,  transactions  of  business,  consultations  for  advice,  discussion  of  points,  theo 
logical  and  political,  respecting  church  and  state,  etc.,  have  subsisted  without  a  single 
disquieting  jar.  He  was  the  dearest  to  me  of  all  men  on  earth.  But  now  he  is  no 
more  !  O  Manning  !  Alas  my  brother!  0  irreparable  loss  !  —  But  heaven  had  so 
decreed.  It  is  our  duty  to  submit. 

As  for  what  you  have  so  handsomely  said,  respecting  some  thought-  of  me  as 
the  late  Doctor's  successor  in  the  Presidentship,  waving  the  compliments  paid  me,  I 
must  beg  leave  to  come  forward,  and  totally  decline  it  at  once.  The  appointment 
would  be  HO  far  above  my  abilities  and  other  qualifications ;  it  would  be  so  unsuitable 
for  a  man  so  far  advanced  in  years  (fifty-six)  to  enter  on  a  new  scene  of  life,  etc.,  etc  , 
that  my  very  acceptance  would  bear  witness  against  you  for  the  appointment,  and  me 
for  accepting. 

You  will,  however,  suffer  me  to  declare,  that  I  am,  and  ever  have  been,  warmly 
attached  to  the  interests  of  the  College ;  and  deem  it  of  the  utmost  consequence,  that 
the  vacancy  should  be  suitably  filled,  without  any  more  loss  of  time  than  circumstances 
will  render  unavoidable.  If  I  thought  I  could  be  indulged  with  the  liberty  of  men 
tioning  names,  without  giving  offence,  I  would  lay  before  the  Corporation  the  names 
of  the  Hon.  David  Howell,  and  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Maxcy,  both  of  Providence. 
Should  it  be  decided  that  the  clause  in  the  charter  respecting  a  President  militates 
against  the  one,  and  want  of  years  against  the  other,  (for  a  man  may  be  too  young  as 
well  as  too  old,)  I  would  then  suggest  the  expediency  of  casting  an  eye  over  the 
Atlantic  In  this  case,  I  would  just  hint  the  expediency  of  deputing  a  person,  in 
whose  fidelity,  prudence,  discretion  and  judgment  you  could  confide,  to  go  over  and 
negotiate  the  business  We  know  that  interest,  connections,  friendship,  etc.,  do  often 
so  bias,  as  to  make  it  unsafe  to  trust  any  man,  or  set  of  men  where  the  application  is 
made.  I  knew,  some  years  ago,  an  application  to  a  venerable  board,  whose  conduct 
on  the  occasion  was  such  as  I  thought  they  could  not  justify.  I  have  only  to  add, 
that  should  you  determine  to  send  one  over,  and  could  not  find  one  willing  to  go  that 
would  answer  the  end  better  than  myself,  I  would  not  decline  the  service.  I  mention 
this  with  a  view  to  save  time. 

As  I  have  been  a  little  particular,  and  mentioned  the  chief  of  what  now  occurs, 
I  do  not  see  that  my  attendance  at  your  Commencement  would  be  of  much  conse 
quence.  But  I  will  consider  of  it.  You  will  be  so  kind  as  to  make  my  most  respect 
ful  compliments  to  the  Honorable  Corporation,  Remember  me  in  a  very  particular 
and  affectionate  manner  to  Mrs.  Manning,  as  also»to  Mrs.  Howell,  and  in  general  to 
all  my  friends  at  Providence,  or  elsewhere,  whom  you  may  have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  at  your  Commencement,  and  be  assured 

I  remain,  with  sentiments  of  high  esteem,  your  most  obedient,  most  humble  servant, 

SAMUEL  JONES. 


22  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

A  new  era  in  the  history  of  the  College  now  opens  to  view. 
Agreeably  to  the  suggestions  contained  in  this  friendly  letter  to 
Judge  Ho  well,  President  Manning  was  succeeded,  in  1792,  by  the 
Kev.  Jonathan  Maxcy,  who,  during  the  previous  year,  had  held 
the  temporary  appointment  of  Professor  of  Divinity.  The  career 
of  this  remarkable  man  indicates  a  high  order  of  genius.  At  the 
early  age  of  fifteen  he  entered  the  Institution  as  a  pupil,  gradu 
ating  in  1787,  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  He  was 
immediately  appointed  tutor,  which  position  he  held  four  years. 
It  was  during  this  period  that  he  became  the  subject  of  renewing 
grace,  and  was  baptized  by  his  venerated  President  and  pastor, 
Dr.  Manning.  In  1791,  he  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church,  of  which  he  was  already  a  member,  and  the  year  follow 
ing  he  was  elected  President  of  the  College  pro  temporc,  as  appears 
from  the  records  of  the  Corporation.  In  1797,  he  was  formally 
elected  President.  As  a  man  of  practical  judgment,  and  safe 
views  on  all  subjects,  inspiring  universal  and  unlimited  confidence, 
he  was  undoubtedly  far  inferior  to  his  distinguished  predecessor ; 
and  this,  with  his  extreme  youth,  may  have  been  the  reason  why 
he  was  at  first  elected  President  pro  tempore,  or  in  other  words, 
Vice-President.  His  great  genius  and  learning,  nevertheless, 
attracted  public  attention,  and  drew  students  to  the  College,  add 
ing  materially  to  its  literary  reputation. 

During  his  brilliant  career  of  ten  years,  men  were  educated 
and  sent  out  into  all  the  professions,  who,  for  learning,  skill,  and 
success  in  life,  will  not  suffer  in  comparison  with  the  graduates  of 
any  other  period.  It  may  be  sufficient  to  mention,  in  illustration, 
the  names  of  Samuel  W.  Bridgham,  the  first  Mayor  of  Providence ; 
Hon.  William  Baylies,  LL.  D.,  who  has  so  recently  died  at  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts,  and  also  his  classmate,  Hon.  Ezekiel  Whit 
man,  LL.  D. ;  Hon.  Tristam  Burges,  LL.  D.,  the  orator  and  states 
man  of  whom  Rhode  Island  is  so  justly  proud  ;  Hon.  John  Holmes 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  23 

a  member  of  Congress,  and  Senator  from  Maine ;  Rev.  Dr.  John 
M.  Roberts,  of  South  Carolina ;  Prof.  Calvin  Park ;  Hon.  James 
Tallmadge,  LL.  D.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York,  and 
also  Lieutenant-Governor ;  Jeremiah  Chaplin,  D.  D.,  President  of 
Waterville  College ;  Hon.  John  Pitman,  LL.  D.,  of  Providence ; 
Hon.  Nathan  Fellows  Dixon,  Senator  from  Rhode  Island ;  Rev. 
Dr.  James  Thompson ;  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Bradford ;  Rev.  Dr. 
Lucius  Bolles ;  Hon.  Andrew  Pickens,  Governor  of  South  Caro 
lina  ;  and  Hon.  Henry  Wheaton,  LL.  D.,  the  distinguished  author 
of  "  Elements  of  International  Law." 

"The  splendor  of  Dr.  Maxcy's  genius,"  says  the  American 
biographer  Blake,  "  and  his  brilliant  talents  as  an  orator  and  divine, 
had  become  widely  known;  and  under  his  administration  the 
College  acquired  a  reputation  for  belles-lettres  and  eloquence 
inferior  to  no  seminary  of  learning  in  the  United  States."  "  His 
voice,"  says  Tristam  Surges,  "  seemed  not  to  have  reached  the 
deep  tone  of  full  age ;  but  most  of  all  to  resemble  that  of  those 
concerning  whom  the  Savior  of  the  world  said,  'of  such  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven.'  The  eloquence  of  Maxcy  was  mental.  You 
seemed  to  hear  the  soul  of  the  man ;  and  each  one  of  the  largest 
assembly,  in  the  most  extended  place  of  worship,  received  the 
slightest  impulse  of  his  silver  voice  as  if  he  stood  at  his  very  ear. 
So  intensely  would  he  enchain  attention,  that  in  the  most  thronged 
audience  you  heard  nothing  but  him  and  the  pulsations  of  your 
own  heart.  His  utterance  was  not  more  perfect  than  his  whole 
discourse  was  instructive  and  enchanting." 

In  the  month  of  September,  1802,  Dr.  Maxcy  resigned  the 
Presidency  of  the  College,  in  the  following  letter  addressed  to  the 
"  Honorable  Corporation  " : — 

G-ENTLEMKX  :  —  Agreeable  to  the  information  which  I  have  communicated  to  you, 
I  now  resign  my  office,  as  President  of  this  College.  Nothing  but  necessity  induces 
me  to  adopt  this  measure.  My  attachment  to  the  College  still  remains,  and  I  trust 


24  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

long  will  remain.  I  beg  the  gentlemen  of  the  Corporation  to  accept  the  assurances  o£ 
my  respect  and  friendship,  and  my  grateful  acknowledgments  of  the  honors  to  which 
you  have  promoted  me. 

I  am,  Gentlemen,  your  friend  and  humble  servant, 

JONATHAN  MAXCY. 

The  reply  is  creditable  to  both  parties: — 

gIR  : — Your  resignation  has  this  morning  (September  2)  been  laid  before  us  by 
the  Honorable  Chancellor,  and  in  compliance  with  your  wishes,  we  have,  though  with 
much  reluctance,  accepted  it.  The  connection  which  has  so  long  and  so  happily  sub 
sisted  between  you  and  this  Institution ;  its  increasing  prosperity  during  the  time 
which  you  have  presided,  together  with  our  attachment  to  your  person  and  family,  are 
circumstances  which  exceedingly  heighten  our  regret  at  the  thought  of  a  separation. 
We  are  persuaded,  however,  that  nothing  but  a  sense  of  duty  could  have  induced  you 
to  remove  your  relation  from  this  College,  and  you  may  be  assured  that  nothing  less 
could  have  prevailed  on  us  to  accept  your  resignation. 

But,  Sir,  we  are  happy  in  the  reflection,  that  your  talents  are  still  to  be  employed 
in  the  promotion  of  science  and  literature ;  that  you  are  to  preside  over  another  insti 
tution,  where  we  hope  the  sphere  of  your  usefulness  may  be  increased. 

Our  best  wishes,  dear  Sir,  for  your  prosperity  and  happiness  will  accompany  you, 
and  we  most  earnestly  pray  that  the  smiles  of  an  indulgent  Providence  may  attend 
you,  that  your  life  and  health  may  be  preserved,  and  that  you  may  long  be  continued 
the  friend  of  science,  of  virtue,  and  religion. 

Submitted  by 

THOMAS  BALDWIN,  1 

ROBERT  ROGERS,      >  Committee. 

SAMUEL  EDDY,         ) 

Immediately  upon  his  resignation,  Dr.  Maxcy  was  appointed 
President  of  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  as  successor 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jonathan  Edwards,  deceased.  Previous  to  this 
event,  when  only  thirty-three  years  of  age,  Harvard  University 
had  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  in  Divinity,  such  was 
his  celebrity  as  a  scholar  and  divine.  He  officiated  at  Schenectady 
with  increasing  reputation  until  1804,  when  he  accepted  the  unso 
licited  appointment  of  President  of  South  Carolina  College,  with  the 
fond  anticipation  of  finding  a  warmer  climate  more  congenial  to 
his  physical  constitution.  Over  this  institution  he  presided,  with 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  25 

almost  unprecedented  popularity,  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  He  died  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  June  4,  1820,  in  the 
53d  year  of  his  age.*  His  writings,  or  "  Literary  Remains,"  edited 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Romeo  Elton,  were  published  in  1844,  in  an 
octavo  volume.  Eight  years  later,  a  selection  from  his  "  Remains," 
consisting  of  collegiate  addresses,  was  published  in  London,  mak 
ing  a  pleasant  little  duodecimo  volume  of  one  hundred  and  ninety- 
one  pages.  From  the  biographical  introduction  to  these  addresses, 
by  Dr.  Elton,  a  few  extracts  are  made :  — 

In  his  person  he  was  rather  small  of  stature,  yet  of  a  fine  and  well-proportioned 
figure.  His  features  were  regular  and  manly,  indicating  intelligence  and  benevolence ; 
and,  especially  in  conversation  and  public  speaking,  they  were  strongly  expressive. 
Grace  and  dignity  were  also  combined  in  his  movements. 

As  a  scholar,  Dr.  Maxcy  held  a  very  high  rank.  His  stores  of  knowledge  were 
varied  and  profound,  and  he  had  at  all  times  the  command  over  them.  Like  the  cele 
brated  Robert  Hall,  he  appears  to  have  evinced  an  early  taste  for  metaphysical  studies, 
and  to  have  thoroughly  understood  the  various  systems  of  philosophy.  To  this  circum 
stance  was  probably  owing  much  of  that  clearness,  precision  and  facility,  which  enabled 
him  at  once  to  separate  truth  from  error,  and  to  wield  his  arguments  with  irresistible  effect. 

As  an  instructor,  Dr.  Maxcy  possessed  unusual  ability,  and,  perhaps,  no  Presi 
dent  of  any  college  in  the  United  States  ever  enjoyed  a  higher  reputation.  The  pre 
cision  and  perspicuity  with  which  he  could  develop  his  ideas  in  the  most  appropriate 
language,  rendered  him  peculiarly  qualified  for  this  office.  His  numerous  pupils  all 
unite  in  pronouncing  him,  as  a  teacher,  one  of  the  most  perfect  models. 

As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Maxcy 's  reputation  did  not  depend  so  much  on  any  one 
striking  excellence,  as  on  the  union  of  many.  These  were  so  happily  combined,  that 
it  would  be  difficult  to  say  which  was  the  most  prominent  His  conceptions  were 
vigorous,  and  were  expressed  in  a  pure,  terse  and  eloquent  style.  A  profound  and 
breathless  silence,  and  intense  feeling,  and  a  spirit  of  holy  elevation,  were  the  almost 
invariable  attendants  of  his  preaching. 

In  the  character  of  Dr,  Maxcy,  mental  and  moral  worth  were  happily  combined . 
And  so  long  as  genius,  hallowed  and  sublimed  by  piety,  shall  command  veneration,  he 
will  be  remembered  in  his  country  as  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude. 

*  Dr.  Maxcy  was  born  in  Attleboro,  Massachusetts,  September  2,  1768.  He  married  Susan 
Hopkins,  of  Providence,  a  daughter  of  Commodore  Esek  Hopkins.  They  had  several  daugh 
ters  and  four  sons,  all  of  whom  were  liberally  educated.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  painted 
canvas  or  sculptured  marble  exists  to  perpetuate  the  likeness  of  the  second  President  of  the 
College. 

4 


26  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  Rev.  Asa  Messer  succeeded  Dr.  Maxcy  in  the  Presidency 
of  the  College,  and  held  this  office  until  1826,  a  period  of  twenty- 
four  years.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered  the  Sophomore 
class,  graduating  under  Manning  in  1790.  Soon  afterwards  he 
became  interested  in  religious  truth,  and  was  baptized  by  Maxcy. 
He  was  elected  a  tutor  of  the  College  in  1791,  and  continued  in 
this  relation  until  1796,  when  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the 
Learned  Languages.  In  1799  he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy.  He  was  thus  connected 
with  the  Institution  as  student,  tutor,  Professor  and  President, 
thirty-nine  years.  Under  his  wise  and  skillful  management  the 
College  prospered- — its  finances  were  improved;  its  means  of 
instruction  were  extended ;  and  the  number  of  students  was 
greatly  augmented. 

It  was  soon  after  the  beginning  of  Dr.  Messer's  administration 
that  the  College  received  its  present  name,  in  honor  of  its  distin 
guished  benefactor,  Nicholas  Brown.  Mr.  Brown  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1786.  being  at  the  time  but  seventeen  years  of  age. 
He  commenced  his  benefactions  in  February,  1792,  by  presenting 
to  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  the  College  the  sum  of  five  hun 
dred  dollars,  to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  law  books  for  the 
library.  This  he  did,  in  the  language  of  the  letter  announcing 
the  donation,  under  a  deep  impression  of  the  generous  intentions 
of  his  honored  father,  deceased,  towards  the  College,  as  well  as 
from  his  own  personal  feelings  towards  the  Institution  in  which 
he  had  received  his  education.  In  1804,  he  presented  to  the  Cor 
poration  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  as  a  foundation  for  a 
professorship  of  oratory  and  belles-lettres.  It  was  on  this  occasion, 
in  consideration  of  this  donation,  and  of  others  that  had  been 
received  from  him  and  his  kindred,  that  the  name  of  the  Institu 
tion  was  changed,  in  accordance  with  a  provision  in  its  charter, 
from  Rhode  Island  College  to  Brown  University. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  27 

The  following  is  his  letter  to  the  Corporation : 

PROVIDENCE,  September  G,  1804. 

GENTLEMEN  : — It  is  not  unknown  to  you  that  I  have  long  had  an  attachment  to 
this  Institution,  as  the  place  where  my  deceased  brother  Moses  and  myself  received 
our  education.  This  attachment  derives  additional  strength,  from  the  recollection  that 
my  late  honored  father  was  among  the  earliest  and  most  zealous  patrons  of  the  College  • 
and  is  confirmed  by  my  regard  for  the  cause  of  literature  in  general.  Under  these 
impressions  I  hereby  make  a  donation  of  five  thousand  dollars  to  Rhode  Island  College, 
to  remain  in  perpetuity  as  a  fund  for  the  establishment  of  a  Professorship  of  Oratory 
and  Belles-Lettres.  The  money  will  be  paid  next  Commencement,  und  is  to  be  vested 
in  such  funds  as  the  Corporation  shall  direct  for  its  augmentation  to  a  sufficiency,  in 
your  judgment,  to  produce  a  competent  annual  salary  for  the  within  mentioned  Profes 
sorship. 

I  am,  very  respectfully,  Gentlemen,  with  my  best  wishes  for  the  prosperity  of  the 
College, 

Your  obedient  friend, 

NICHOLAS  BROWN. 

In  1822,  Mr.  Brown  erected  at  his  own  expense  the  second 
College  building,  which  he  presented  to  the  Corporation,  in  a 
letter  bearing  date  January  13,  1823.  At  his  suggestion  it  was 
named  "  Hope  College,"  in  honor  of  his  only  surviving  sister, 
Mrs.  Hope  Ives.  In  1835  he  erected  the  third  building,  which 
he  also  presented  to  the  Corporation,  with  a  request  that  it 
might  be  named  "Manning  Hall,"  in  honor  of  the  memory  of  his 
own  distinguished  instructor  and  revered  friend,  President  Man 
ning.  Mr.  Brown  died  September  27?  1841,  at  the  age  of  sev 
enty-two.  A  discourse  commemorative  of  his  character  and  life 
was  delivered  by  President  Wayland,  in  the  University  chapel, 
which  discourse  was  afterwards  published.  The  entire  surn  of 
his  recorded  benefactions  and  bequests  to  the  University  amounts 
to  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  dollars,  assigning  to  the  dona 
tions  of  lands  and  buildings  the  valuation  which  was  put  upon 
them  at  the  time  they  were  made.  "Many  years,"  says  Prof. 
Gammell,  "have  now  elapsed  since  he  descended  to  the  tomb,  but 


28  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  monuments  of  his  wise  and  pious  benefactions  are  all  around 
us, —  in  the  University  with  which  his  name  is  associated;  in  the 
Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  and  the  Providence  Athenaeum,  to 
whose  founding  he  so  largely  contributed ;  and  in  the  churches, 
and  colleges,  and  institutions  of  philanthropy  over  the  whole  land, 
to  which  he  so  often  lent  his  liberal  and  most  timely  aid.  So  long 
as  learning  and  religion  shall  have  a  place  in  the  affections  of  men, 
these  enduring  memorials  will  proclaim  his  character,  and  speak 
his  eulogy.  Hi  sanctissimi  testes,  hi  maximi  laudatores"  A  few 
years  before  his  death,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation 
in  1835,  Mr.  Brown  was  formally  requested  to  sit  for  his  likeness, 
which  was  taken,  at  full  length,  by  Harding,  one  of  the  most  cele 
brated  of  American  artists.  It  now  graces  the  collection  of  por 
traits  in  Rhode  Island  Hall.  The  visitor  will  gaze  upon  it  with 
renewed  interest  as  successive  years  roll  on.  It  is  a  matter  of 
regret  that  the  portraits  of  his  worthy  sire  and  ancestors  can 
not  be  placed  by  his  side.*  The  accompanying  likeness  was 
engraved,  it  may  be  added,  from  a  photograph  taken  from  Hard- 
ing's  portrait. 

In  1826,  Dr.  Messer  resigned  the  Presidency  of  Brown  Uni 
versity,  in  the  following  characteristic  letter,  addressed  to  the 
Hon.  Samuel  Eddy,  Secretary  of  the  Corporation:  — 

SEPTEMBER,  23;  1826. 

DEAR  SIR  :  —  I  take  the  liberty  to  request  you  to  inform  the  Honorable  Corporation 
of  Brown  University,  that  I  resign  my  office  in  that  Institution.  On  leaving  an  office 
which  I  have  held  twenty-four  years,  and  a  College  of  which  I  have  been  either  an 
officer  or  a  pupil  thirty-nine  years,  I,  though  inclined  to  make  many  reflections,  shall 
now  make  only  this  one ;  that  probably  I  feel  somewhat  like  one  who  is  breaking  up 

*Mr.  Brown's  great  ancestor  was  the  Rev.  Chad  Brown,  the  friend  and  associate  of 
Roger  Williams,  and  the  pastor  of  the  first  and  only  Baptist  church  in  the  infant  settle 
ment.  A  full  account  of  him,  and  of  his  descendants,  including  the  "Four  Brothers," 
Nicholas,  Joseph,  John,  and  Moses  Brown,  to  whom  the  College  is  so  much  indebted  for  its 
early  prosperity  and  success,  is  given  in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pages  143-176. 


c 


^> 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH.  29 

long  dear  friendships,  and  bidding  the  world  farewell.  I  pray  that,  when  the  time  for 
doing  this  shall  actually  arrive,  and  it  may  arrive  in  a  day,  or  an  hour,  I  may  be 
enabled  to  think  that  I  have  served  my  God  with  as  much  faithfulness  as  I  have  served 
Brown  University;  and  I  also  pray  that  He,  who  was  the  Grod  of  Abraham,  and,  if  I 
may  be  allowed  to  utter  a  little  heresy,  the  God  of  Jesus  Christ,  may  have  that  seat  of 
literature,  and  all  its  patrons,  as  well  as  you  and  me,  in  His  holy  keeping. 

ASA  MESSER. 

Possessing,  says  his  biographer,  a  handsome  competence,  the 
fruit  in  part  of  his  habitual  frugality,  Dr.  Messer  was  enabled  to 
pass  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  the  enjoyment  of  independent 
leisure.  After  his  retirement  from  collegiate  toils,  his  fellow-citi 
zens  of  Providence  elected  him,  for  several  years,  to  responsible 
municipal  trusts ;  and  these  trusts  he  discharged  with  his  custo 
mary  punctuality  and  uprightness.  He  died  October  11,  1836, 
in  the  sixty-eighth  year  of  his  age.* 

Of  my  old  President,  says  Dr.  Sears,  in  his  recent  Centennial  Discourse,  I 
cannot  speak  but  with  respect  and  affection.  He  had  a  vigorous  and  manly  style  of 
thought,  and  was  a  genial,  pleasant  teacher.  In  discipline,  in  his  best  days,  he  was 
adroit,  having  a  keen  insight  into  human  nature,  and  touching  at  will,  skillfully,  all  the 
chords  of  the  student's  heart.  Rarely  was  he  mistaken  in  the  character  of  a  young 
man,  or  in  the  motive  to  which  he  appealed,  in  order  to  influence  him.  Foibles  and 
weaknesses,  he  treated  with  some  degree  of  indulgence ;  but  vice  and  willful  wrong, 
he  treated  with  unsparing  severity. 

In  government,  he  followed  no  abstract  principles, — which  so  often  mislead  the 
theorist, — but  depended  on  his  good  sense  in  each  case,  giving  considerable  scope  to 
views  of  expediency.  The  student  who  attempted  to  circumvent  him,  was  sure  to  be 
outwitted  in  the  end.  On  account  of  his  great  shrewdness,  he  was  sometimes  called 
"  the  cunning  President."  One  of  the  many  anecdotes  related  of  him  is,  that  he 
kept  in  his  room  a  bottle  of  picra  for  sick  students ;  and  that  every  one  who  came  to 

*Dr.  Messer  was  born  in  Methuen,  Massachusetts,  in  the  year  1769.  He  married 
Deborah  Angell,  by  whom  he  had  a  son  that  died  in  infancy,  and  three  daughters.  The 
youngest  daughter  was  married  to  the  late  Hon.  Horace  Mann,  and  the  second  to  Sidney 
Williams,  Esq.,  who  now  resides  on  the  paternal  estate.  The  eldest  daughter  was  never 
married.  The  remains  of  Dr.  Messer  lie  interred  in  the  North  Burial  Ground,  and  over 
them  a  handsome  monument  has  been  erected  to  his  memory.  It  is  a  subject  of  regret 
that  no  portrait  or  engraving  exists  to  perpetuate  his  likeness. 


30  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

him  to  be  excused  from  duty  on  account  of  headaches,  found  it  necessary  to  swallow  a 
dose  before  leaving  the  room.  *  *  * 

His  individuality,  both  in  body  and  mind,  was  strongly  marked.  He  was  alto 
gether  unpoetical  in  his  nature.  His  language  had  no  coloring  of  the  fancy ;  but  was 
naked,  plain  and  strong.  His  economy,  which  was  proverbial,  extended  even  to  his 
words.  His  tendencies  were  rather  to  science  than  literature,  and  in  the  latter  part  of 
his  life,  as  is  often  the  case,  more  to  practical  wisdom  and  prudence,  than  to  either.  *  * 

His  was  not  a  mind  to  leave  its  own  impress  on  that  of  his  pupils.  As  he  was 
independent  himself,  so  he  wished  his  pupils  to  be.  He  had  no  imitators,  he  wished 
to  have  none.  The  many  eminent  men  educated  under  him  had  no  other  resemblance 
to  each  other,  than  freedom  from  authority.  There  is  among  them  no  uniform  style  of 
thought,  resulting  from  its  being  run  in  the  same  mould.  Even  among  the  under 
graduates,  there  was  a  personal  independence  of  character  and  thought,  and  a  manli 
ness  of  deportment  and  self-respect  that  gave  a  certain  air  of  dignity  to  the  two  upper 
classes.  Each  man  was  expected  to  develop  and  retain  his  own  individuality,  without 
being  schooled  down  to  tameness,  either  by  the  Faculty  or  by  the  collective  will  of 
his  fellow-students.  If  he  did  right,  it  was  his  own  act ;  if  he  did  wrong,  he  would 
scorn  to  say  that  it  was  because  he  did  not  dare  to  do  right. 

Another  portraiture  is  from  the  pen  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  E.  A. 
Park,  of  Andover,  who  was  also  one  of  his  pupils : — 

No  one  who  has  ever  seen  him  can  ever  forget  him.  His  individuality  was  made 
unmistakable  by  his  physical  frame.  This,  while  it  was  above  the  average  height,  was 
also  in  breadth  an  emblem  of  the  expansiveness  of  his  mental  capacity.  A  "  long 
head"  was  vulgarly  ascribed  to  him,  but  it  was  breadth  that  marked  his  forehead; 
there  was  an  expressive  breadth  in  his  maxillary  bones ;  his  broad  shoulders  were  a 
sign  of  the  weight  which  he  was  able  to  bear ;  his  manner  of  walking  was  a  noticeable 
symbol  of  the  reach  of  his  mind ;  he  swung  his  cane  for  and  wide  as  he  walked,  and 
no  observer  would  doubt  that  he  was  an  independent  man  ;  he  gesticulated  broadly  as 
he  preached ;  his  enunciation  was  forcible,  and  now  and  then  overwhelming,  sometimes 
shrill,  but  was  characterized  by  a  breadth  of  tone  and  a  prolonged  emphasis  which 
added  to  its  momentum,  and  made  an  indelible  impress  on  the  memory.  His  pupils, 
when  they  had  been  unfaithful,  trembled  before  his  expansive  frown,  as  it  portended  a 
rebuke  which  would  well-nigh  devour  them  ;  and  they  felt  a  dilating  of  the  whole  soul, 
when  they  were  greeted  with  his  good  and  honest  and  broad  smile.  *****  As  a 
son,  brother,  husband,  father,  he  was  the  central  object  of  attraction,  and  the  beams  of 
joy  and  love  uniformly  radiated  from  him  over  all  the  inmates  of  his  happy  home. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  31 

Dr.  Messer  was  succeeded  in  the  Presidency  by  the  Rev. 
Francis  Wayland,  who  was  unanimously  elected  to  this  office  on 
the  13th  of  December,  1826.  Mr.  Wayland  was  born  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  March  11,  1796,  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of 
Union  College  in  1811,  and  was  graduated  in  1813,  at  the  early 
age  of  seventeen.  He  then  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Eli  Burritt, 
of  Troy,  and  studied  medicine  three  years.  As  he  was  about  to 
engage  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  became  convinced 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Christian  ministry, 
and  accordingly,  in  1816,  he  repaired  to  the  Andover  Theological 
Seminary.  Here  he  remained  one  year,  receiving  instruction 
from  that  eminent  teacher,  Moses  Stuart,  whom  he  ever  afterwards 
regarded  with  filial  respect  and  love.  Having  been  appointed  a 
tutor  in  Union  College,  he  returned  to  his  Alma  Mater,  and  gave 
instruction  in  several  departments,  retaining  the  office  to  which 
he  had  been  appointed,  four  years.  Associated  with  him  as  tutor 
was  the  late  Bishop  Potter,  of  Pennsylvania,  to  whom  through 
life  he  remained  sincerely  attached.  His  residence  at  Union  Col 
lege  brought  him  into  intimate  relations  with  his  esteemed  Presi 
dent,  Dr.  Nott,  for  whom  he  always  cherished  feelings  of  gratitude 
and  profound  veneration.  In  1821,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Boston,  over  which  he  was 
ordained  August  21.  In  the  month  of  February,  1827,  he 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  President  of  Brown  University. 

Dr.  Wayland  was  now  in  the  fullness  of  his  vigor  and  strength, 
being  about  to  enter  upon  his  thirty-second  year.  Few  men 
possessed  such  a  capacity  for  labor,  and  fewer  still  labored  with 
such  untiring  energy  and  zeal.  The  circumstances  in  which  he 
found  the  College  were  by  no  means  favorable.  It  was  scantily 
endowed,  had  no  philosophical  or  chemical  apparatus  worthy  of 
the  name,  its  library  was  small,  and  it  had  no  adequate  means  of 
enlarging  the  facilities  for  instruction.  Its  morale,  too,  needed 


32  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

elevating.  From  causes  which  we  may  not  now  stay  to  explain, 
the  last  two  or  three  years  of  Dr.  Messer's  administration  had 
been  marked  by  idleness  and  dissipation  on  the  part  of  many  of 
the  students.  Influences  beyond  the  reach  of  the  President  ren 
dered  salutary  discipline  almost  impossible,  and  the  results  were 
disastrous  alike  to  the  moral  and  intellectual  character  of  the 
young  men  under  his  care.  Dr.  Wayland  at  once  instituted  the 
most  rigid  and  healthful  discipline.  His  reputation  as  a  scholar 
and  a  divine  had  preceded  his  entrance  upon  his  appointed  work. 
"  The  Moral  Dignity  of  the  Missionary  Enterprise  "  had  gained 
for  him  a  wide  celebrity,  and  prepared  the  way  for  all  his  sub 
sequent  influence  and  success.  The  students  were  fired  with 
his  spirit  of  industry  and  earnestness,  and  rejoiced  in  the  bene 
ficial  results  of  the  new  administration.  In  1835,  the  "Elements 
of  Moral  Science  "  was  published,  and  gave  to  the  author,  and  to 
the  University  over  which  he  presided,  a  greatly  increased  repu 
tation.  It  was  at  once  introduced  into  most  of  our  American 
colleges,  and  became  the  standard  text-book  in  its  department. 
Dr.  Wayland  now  sought  to  supply  some  of  the  deficiencies  of 
the  Institution.  Its  generous  patrons  and  friends  nobly  responded 
to  the  appeals  which  he  and  his  associate  Professors  sent  out. 
Large  additions  were  made  to  the  philosophical  and  chemical 
apparatus  ;  a  library  fund  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  was 
established,  and  one  of  the  choicest  collections  of  books  in  the 
country  was  secured ;  Manning  Hall,  containing  the  spacious 
chapel  and  the  fine  library  room,  and  Rhode  Island  Hall,  with  its 
convenient  lecture  rooms,  were  erected ;  the  College  grounds 
were  tastefully  laid  out  and  planted  with  elms,  and  the  President's 
mansion  was  built. 

But  favored  as  Brown  University  was  by  the  munificence  of 
its  friends  and  patrons ;  strict  as  was  its  discipline ;  and  thor 
ough  as  was  the  instruction  its  Professors  gave,  it  did  not  realize 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  33 

the  ideal  formed  by  the  earnest  and  practical  mind  of  the  Presi 
dent.  The  number  of  its  students  did  not  increase ;  and  with  its 
enlarged  expenditure,  it  was  not  self-supporting.  Despairing  of 
improvement  so  long  as  the  existing  system  was  perpetuated,  Dr. 
Wayland,  in  1849,  resigned  the  Presidency.  He.  however,  con 
sented  to  reconsider  his  purpose.  His  views  of  the  needs  of  the 
College,  and  of  the  times,  were  presented  to  the  Corporation,  and 
adopted  by  them ;  and  it  was  resolved  to  attempt  to  raise  a  fund 
for  the  purpose  of  realizing  his  theory  of  education.  One  hun 
dred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  were  cheerfully  subscribed; 
and  what  is  called  "the  New  System"  commenced.  Its  main 
features  were,  the  provision  of  such  new  courses  of  study  in 
science  as  the  practical  spirit  of  the  age  demanded  ;  the  abandon 
ment  of  a  fixed  term  of  four  years  of  study  for  students,  and  in 
place  of  it  the  pursuit  of  any  selected  course  for  such  a  length 
of  time  as  the  student's  circumstances  required ;  the  privilege  of 
selecting  such  studies  as  the  student  desired,  and  of  pursuing 
such,  and  as  many  studies,  as,  under  the  guidance  of  his  guar 
dians,  he  might  wish  ;  the  adjustment  of  the  Bachelor's  and  the 
Master's  degree,  so  as  to  represent  a  difference  of  attainment, 
such  degrees  being  conferred  on  candidates  producing  certifi 
cates  of  proficiency  in  certain  prescribed  and  sometimes  inter 
changeable  studies,  and  passing  a  special  examination  on  some 
additional  study ;  and  the  guaranty  of  a  fixed  salary  to  each 
Professor,  to  which  should  be  added  such  sums  as  resulted  from 
the  sale  of  tickets  to  his  lectures,  the  relative  amount  being  thus 
determined  somewhat  by  the  attractiveness  of  his  department. 
From  1850  to  1855,  the  College  was  carried  on  under  this  sys 
tem,  with  but  slight  modifications.  The  degree  of  A.  B.  was 
conferred  on  students  who  had  pursued  prescribed  studies,  which 
represented  a  course  of  three  years.  The  degree  of  A.  M.  was 
conferred,  not  in  course,  bat  on  those  whose  prescribed  studies 


34  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

represented  a  four  years  course.  The  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Philosophy  was  given  to  proficients  in  certain  appointed  scientific 
studies.  Instruction  was  given  in  practical  sciences.  The  num 
ber  of  students  greatly  increased,  and  a  new  impulse  was  given 
to  the  College. 

In  1855,  Dr.  Wayland,  wearied  with  the  cares  of  a  long  and 
honored  Presidency,  extending  over  a  period  of  twenty-eight  and 
a  half  years,  having  inaugurated  his  cherished  plan  of  collegiate 
instruction,  resigned  his  office.  The  following  letter  announcing 
his  resignation  was  presented  to  the  Corporation  at  a  special 
meeting  held  on  the  21st  of  August:  — 

BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  August  20th,  1855. 
To  THE  CORPORATION  OF  BKOWN  UNIVERSITY  : 

GENTLEMEN  :  —  After  more  than  twenty-eight  years  service,  the  conviction  is  pressed 
upon  me  that  relaxation  and  change  of  labor  have  become  to  me  a  matter  of  indispen 
sable  necessity.  These,  I  am  persuaded,  cannot  be  secured  while  T  hold  the  office  with 
which  you  have  so  long  honored  me.  I  therefore  believe  it  to  be  my  duty  to  resign  the 
offices  of  President  of  Brown  University  and  Professor  of  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Philosophy.  If  it  be  agreeable  to  you,  I  desire  that  this  resignation  may  take  place 
at  the  close  of  the  present  Collegiate  year. 

In  sundering  the  ties  which  have  so  long  bound  us  officially  together,  I  shall  not 
attempt  to  express  the  sentiment  of  gratitude  and  respect  which  I  entertain  towards 
the  gentlemen  of  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University.  For  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  we  have  labored  together  in  promoting  the  cause  of  good  learning,  and  espe 
cially  in  advancing  the  interests  of  this  Institution.  Those  who,  like  myself  were 
young  men  when  I  entered  upon  office,  are  with  me  beginning  to  feel  the  approaches 
of  age.  Yet  during  this  long  period  no  spirit  of  dissension  has  either  divided  our 
counsels  or  enfeebled  our  exertions.  We  have  beheld  this  University  year  after  year 
advancing  in  reputation  and  usefulness,  and  diffusing  more  and  more  widely  the  bless 
ings  of  education.  Let  us  thank  God  for  giving  us  this  opportunity  of  conferring 
benefits  on  mankind,  and  for  crowning  our  labors  with  so  large  a  measure  of  success. 

Permit  me,  Gentlemen,  to  tender  to  each  one  of  you  the  assurances  of  my  grateful 
regard,  and  believe  me  to  be 

With  the  highest  respect,  your  obedient  servant. 

F.   WAYLAND. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  35 

The  feelings  of  the  Corporation  at  this  announcement,  found 
fit  expression  in  eloquent  and  forcible  remarks  on  the  part  of  the 
Chancellor,  Dr.  Samuel  Boyd  Tobey  :  — 

GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  CORPORATION  :  — 

We  all  feel  sadness  at  this  hour.  Our  present  official  connection  with  President 
Wayland  is  soon  to  terminate.  The  important  services  he  has  rendered  this  University 
for  nearly  twenty-nine  years  press  upon  our  memory.  His  unwearied  exertions  —  his 
zeal  —  his  power  in  promoting  the  interests  of  this  Institution  of  learning,  are  vividly 
before  us.  His  name  has  been  a  tower  of  strength.  But  with  these  convictions  we 
are  bound  also  to  remember  that  this  resignation  is  with  him  no  sudden  movement 
For  several  years  he  has  apprehended  that  the  time  was  near  when  it  would  be  right 
for  him  to  ask  to  be  released  from  his  present  position,  that  he  might  devote  a  portion 
of  the  days  yet  allotted  him  to  the  fulfillment  of  other  duties,  which  he  feels  himself 
called  upon  to  perform  for  the  advancement  of  literature,  the  promotion  of  religion,  and 
the  good  of  his  fellow-citizens.  He  h;is  been  admonished  that  continued  persistence  in 
one  field  of  labor  may  interrupt  the  vigorous  and  healthy  action  of  the  best  balanced 
physical  and  mental  powers.  He  believes  that  the  time  has  now  fully  come  for  him  to 
retire  from  the  Presidency  of  this  University.  We  will  not  attempt  to  detain  him. 
Let  us  rather  thank  him  for  the  sacrifice  he  has  made  in  giving  so  many  of  the  best 
years  of  his  life  to  the  interests  of  the  University,  not  doubting  he  will  find  a  rich 
reward  in  the  consciousness  that  he  has  been  eminently  useful.  Let  us  invoke  for  him 
the  blessing  of  Heaven,  and  pray  that  his  life  may  long  be  spared,  that  his  pen  may 
continue  to  record  his  well-considered  and  instructive  thoughts,  that  his  voice  may  still 
be  often  heard,  fearless  in  condemning  error  —  eloquent  in  the  support  of  truth. 

The  foregoing  remarks  were  accompanied  by  suitable  resolu 
tions,  which  were  presented  to  the  President  by  the  Chancellor 
on  the  day  of  Commencement,  and  duly  recorded  by  the  Secre 
tary  of  the  Corporation.  At  a  meeting  of  the  alumni,  held  in 
Manning  Hall,  on  Tuesday,  September  4,  1855,  it  having  been 
announced  that  Dr.  Wayland  had  resigned  his  office,  the  follow 
ing  resolutions,  presented  by  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Thomas,  and 
seconded  by  Hon.  John  H.  Clifford,  were  unanimously  adopted  :- 

Resolved,  That  the  alumni  of  this  University  have  heard  with  profound  regret 
that  Francis  Wayland  has  retired  from  the  office  of  its  President. 


36  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Resolved,  That  his  clear,  strong  mind,  his  accurate  learning,  his  vigorous  common 
sense,  his  energetic  will,  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the  interests  and  wants  of  the 
country  and  of  the  age,  and  his  endowment,  in  so  large  a  measure,  with  that  rarest  of 
all  faculties,  the  power  to  teach,  to  cast  other  minds  in  the  mould  of  his  own,  admirably 
fitted  him  for  the  duties  of  his  great  office.  And  that  we  review  to-day  with  pleasure 
and  pride,  his  long,  rich  and  successful  administration,  gratefully  recalling  his  generous, 
unwearied  self-devotion  to  the  welfare  of  the  University,  the  new  and  lasting  impulse 
he  gave  to  all  her  interests,  the  enlargement  of  her  sphere  and  capacities  of  usefulness, 
the  impression  of  his  own  mind  and  character  he  made  upon  so  many  of  his  pupils, 
the  respect  and  honor  he  has  acquired  in  the  world  of  letters  and  reflected  upon  the 
University. 

Resolved,  That  those  of  us  whose  great  privilege  it  was  to  have  been  his  pupils, 
bring  to  him  the  offering  of  filial  love  and  gratitude.  We  thank  him  for  the  thorough 
fidelity  with  which  he  discharged  his  trust,  for  the  vigorous  discipline  of  mind  and 
heart  he  sought  to  give  us,  for  his  affectionate  interest  in  our  progress,  for  his  words  of 
wisdom,  counsel  and  reproof,  and  for  the  beautiful  illustration  of  a  true  life  given  to 
God  and  duty,  which  his  own  example  furnished  us. 

Resolved,  That  Dr.  Wayland  carries  with  him  to  his  retirement,  our  earnest  wish 
that  there  may  be  a  long  and  happy  evening  to  a  manly  and  useful  life,  that  he  may 
be  yet  spared  to  render  eminent  service  to  the  cause  of  religion  and  letters,  and  that 
the  day  may  be  far  distant  when  the  voice  of  affectionate  greeting  shall  be  changed  to 
that  of  eulogy. 

In  presenting  these  resolutions  to  President  Wayland,  at  the 
Commencement  dinner,  September  5th,  Judge  Thomas  addressed 
him  substantially  as  follows:  — 

I  rise,  Mr.  President,  for  the  discharge  of  a  painful  and  yet  a  grateful  duty.  The 
alumni  of  the  University,  having  heard  of  your  resignation  of  the  office  you  have  so 
long  held  with  signal  honor  to  yourself  and  signal  advantage  to  her,  mot  yesterday  to 
give  utterance  to  the  feelings  which  that  event  naturally  awakened.  They  passed 
resolutions  (would  they  were  worthier)  expressing  their  sense  of  the  value  of  your 
services  to  the  College  and  of  the  loss  she  has  sustained  by  your  retirement.  They 
instructed  their  committee  (Gov.  Clifford,  of  New  Bedford,  Hon.  Mr.  Bradley  of  this 
city,  and  myself)  to  present  these  resolutions  to  you  to-day,  the  last  time  we  shall  have 
the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  in  this  near  and  interesting  relation. 

It  is  but  little  to  say,  that  these  resolutions  were  passed  unanimously  —  there  was 
but  one  mind  and  one  heart  in  the  assembly,  and  that  mind  and  heart  were  but  one  — 
for  the  calmest  result  of  the  judgment  was  in  harmony  with  the  warmest  feelings  of  the 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  3f 

heart.  We  did  not,  however,  forget  that  we  were  speaking  of  and  to  the  living  and 
in  avoiding  what  may  be  said  to  be  the  natural  warmth  of  eulogy  —  that,  we  trust,  far 
distant  service  to  come  from  the  trembling  lips  of  some  later  pupils  —  we  may  have 
assumed  a  tone  too  subdued. 

One  of  these  resolutions  comes  from  those  whose  privilege  it  was  to  have  been  your 
immediate  pupils.  Of  that  resolution,  as  one  of  the  earlier  of  those  pupils,  I  will 
say  a  word,  I  should  be  sorry  if  I  thought  myself  capable  of  making  a  formal  speech 
in  an  hour  like  this.  You  are,  Mr.  President,  too  largely  my  creditor  for  me  to  judge 
calmly  and  wisely.  I  cannot  pay  the  debt.  I  do  not  ask  you  to  forgive  it.  [  can 
and  will  confess  it.  More  than  twenty  years  ago  it  ripened  into  a  judgment,  and  yet 
no  lapse  of  time  will  bar  it.  Hundreds  around  you  owe  the  like  debt.  It  grows  ever. 
It  is  an  investment  for  all  time.  If  you  see  in  it,  as  I  know  you  do,  the  true  riches, 
more  than  the  wealth  of  an  Astor  is  yours.  Its  bonds  are  stronger  than  those  of  the 
railroad,  its  pulse  is  quicker  than  that  of  the  telegraph.  It  is  the  tribute  of  lovino- 
hearts.  It  is  the  debt  of  filial  gratitude. 

I  came  here,  to-day,  Mr.  President,  to  say  now  what  I  have  often  said  at  home  and 
to  my  own  pupils,  and  what  this  seems  to  me  a  fitting  occasion  to  say  more  publicly. 

It  has  been  my  privilege  for  three  years  to  be  your  pupil.  I  have  seen  and  have 
had  other  ominent  masters  ;  Joseph  Story,  whose  name  is  identified  with  the  jurispru 
dence  of  his  country  ;  John  Hooker  Ashmun,  who,  an  invalid  for  years,  and  dying  at 
the  early  age  of  thirty-three,  as  a  lawyer,  left  behind  him  no  superior  in  Massachusetts, 
whose  mind  had  the  point  of  the  diamond  and  the  clearness  of  its  waters ;  Pliny 
Merrick,  who  graces  the  bench  on  which  I  have  the  honor  to  sit,  but  of  whom  my 
near  relation  to  him  forbids  me  to  speak  as  I  would.  A  quarter  of  a  century  has 
passed  since  I  left  these  walls  with  your  blessing.  I  have  seen  something  of  men  and 
of  the  world  since.  I  esteem  it  to-day  the  happiest  event  of  my  life  that  brought  me 
here,  the  best  gift  of  an  ever  kind  Providence  to  me,  that  I  was  permitted  for  three 
years  to  sit  at  the  feet  of  your  instruction. 

Others  may  speak  and  think  of  the  writer  and  scholar,  my  tribute  is  to  the  great 
teacher ;  and  he  is  not  the  great  teacher  who  fills  the  mind  of  his  pupil  from  the 
affluence  of  his  learning  or  works  most  for  him,  but  who  has  the  rarer  faculty  of  draw 
ing  out  and  developing  the  mind  of  another,  and  making  him  work  for  himself.  Rarest 
of  all  God's  gifts  to  men.  Great  statesmen,  great  orators,  great  jurists  are  successful 
and  useful  in  the  degree  that  they  are  great  teachers.  Office  of  unequalled  dignity 
and  worth — even  our  divine  Lord  and  Master  we  call  the  "  Great  Teacher." 

Mr.  President,  if  I  have  acquired  any  consideration  in  my  own  beloved  Common 
wealth,  if  I  have  worthily  won  any  honor,  I  can  and  do  with  a  grateful  heart  bring 
them  to-day  and  lay  them  at  your  feet ;  Teucro  duce  et  auspice  Teucro. 


38  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

During  Dr.  Wayland's  retirement  he  pursued  his  favorite 
studies,  and  prepared  works  for  the  press,  such  as  "  Notes  on  the 
Principles  and  Practices  of  Baptists,"  "  Sermons  to  the  Churches," 
"Letters  on  the  Ministry  of  the  Gospel,"  and  "Memoir  of  the 
Christian  Labors  of  Chalmers."  He  revised  also  his  Moral  Phi 
losophy,  a  new  edition  of  which  appeared  almost  simultaneous  with 
his  death.  He  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the  Brown  Street 
Baptist  Church,  identifying  himself  with  the  movement  at  great 
personal  sacrifices.  .  In  the  early  part  of  1857,  he  was  invited  by 
the  First  Baptist  Church  and  Society  to  supply  the  pulpit  and 
perform  pastoral  duties.  The  conviction  had  been  growing  upon 
him  that  he  had  perhaps  erred  in  leaving  the  pulpit  for  the 
Presidency  of  the  College,  and  he  entered  upon  his  new  duties 
with  all  the  ardor  and  zeal  of  a  young  man.  He  preached  with 
great  earnestness  and  success  until  June,  1858,  when  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  active  exertions  in  the  cause 
which  he  loved  so  well.  He  died  at  his  residence  in  Providence, 
on  Saturday  afternoon,  September  30,  1865,  after  a  brief  illness 
of  a  week,  having  had,  like  the  lamented  Manning,  an  attack 
of  apoplexy  or  paralysis.  His  funeral  was  on  the  Wednesday 
following,  in  the  Baptist  Church.  The  spacious  house  was 
crowded  with  mourners,  many  ministers  and  alumni  of  the  Col 
lege  coming  from  Boston  and  New  York,  and  from  more  distant- 
points,  to  pay  their  last  tribute  of  affection  and  respect.  Thou 
sands,  during  the  hour  preceding  the  services,  gazed  with  sad 
hearts  and  tearful  eyes  upon  his  majestic  form  and  noble  fea 
tures,  now  calm  in  the  repose  of  death.  From  the  eloquent  and 
truthful  remarks  upon  this  occasion  of  the  Kev.  Dr.  Caswell,  his 
life-long  associate  and  most  intimate  friend,  we  may  be  allowed 
to  quote  the  following:  — 

His  intellect  was  clear  and  vigorous,  his  perceptive  powers  quick  and  discriminating, 
his  analysis  searching  and  exhaustive,  his  generalizations  careful,  his  power  of  illustra- 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  39 

tion  almost  unrivalled  ;  but  after  all,  it  was  his  moral  power  that  left  the  deepest  impres 
sion  upon  those  who  knew  him,  or  who  in  any  way  carne  within  the  sphere  of  his 
personal  influence.  In  every  assembly  of  citizens,  whether  for  deliberation  upon  grave 
public  affairs,  or  for  the  founding  and  endowment  of  hospitals,  or  providing  shelter  for 
orphans,  or  a  home  for  the  aged  and  infirm,  his  presence  was  felt  as  no  other  man's 
was.  All  waited  to  hear  the  utterance  of  his  voice.  In  every  enterprise  among  u* 
for  the  moral  and  religious  improvement  of  the  community,  in  every  charity  for  the 
relief  of  the  poor,  in  every  effort  to  succor  the  fallen  and  reclaim  the  wanderer,  his 
counsel  was  sought  almost  as  an  indispensable  condition  of  success.  It  may  justly  be 
said,  that  he  stood  among  us  as  the  first  citizen  of  lihode  Island. 

If  we  look  for  the  source  of  this  extraordinary  power,  I  think  it  may  be  said  to 
spring  primarily  and  mainly  from  a  profound  conviction  of  religious  duty.  This  was 
the  broad  basis  of  his  character.  This  seemed  to  control  all  the  other  elements  of  his 
nature,  and  bring  them  all  into  harmonious  action,  and  concentrate  them  all  on  a  great 
purpose,  that  of  making  men  better ;  nay,  bringing  them  to  the  knowledge  of  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus,  and  thus  making  them  meet  for  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven.  I 
need  not  say  in  this  presence,  that  Dr.  Wayland  believed  in  a  Divine  revelation.  He 
believed,  in  his  inmost  soul,  that  Jesus  Christ  spoke  as  never  man  spoke,  and  that  he 
spoke  with  authority.  And  hence  his  profound  reverence  for  the  teachings  of  the 
New  Testament.  When  he  had  ascertained  the  meaning  of  the  sacred  text,  he  held 
that  meaning  as  a  part  of  God's  unalterable  truth.  He  governed  himself  by  it.  He 
pressed  it  upon  the  consideration  of  others.  He  admitted  nothing  as  a  substitute  for  it. 
Nothing  could  supplant  it.  He  hold  it  with  the  tenacity  of  a  martyr.  He  believed 
that  there  was  but  one  remedy  for  human  wickedness  and  guilt,  and  that  was,  repent 
ance  towards  God  and  faith  in  oar  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  I  may  say  that  the  cross  of 
Christ  stood  ever  before  him  as  the  symbol  of  an  undying  love  and  glorious  redemp 
tion  ;  and  when  his  great  soul,  wrapped  in  devotion,  soared  highest  above  the  beggarly 
elements  of  the  world,  it  approached  nearest  to  the  foot  of  the  cross. 

The  writer  of  this  historical  sketch  can  never  forget  the  joy 
that  beamed  in  President  Wayland's  eye  and  irradiated  his  coun 
tenance,  when,  as  a  student,  he  called  at  his  room  and  informed 
him  that  a  class-mate,  now  a  distinguished  Professor  in  a  neigh 
boring  college,  who  had  been  known  as  a  skeptic  in  his  religious 
views,  was  deeply  anxious  about  his  spiritual  welfare ; — and  it  is 
pleasant  to  recall  a  conversation  had  with  him  but  a  few  days 
previous  to  his  final  sickness,  on  the  importance  of  simple  Bible 


40  BEOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

instruction  in  our  Sunday  schools,  and  the  need  of  a  suitable 
question  book  for  this  purpose,  which,  he  stated,  he  had  under 
taken  to  prepare. 

The  following  description  of  Dr.  Wayland's  personal  appear 
ance,  character,  and  habits,  we  take  from  a  sermon  preached  by 
his  brother-in-law,  the  Eev.  Dr.  C.  A.  Bartol,  of  Boston,  October 
8,1865:- 

His  nature  was  as  extraordinary  as  his  character  was  rare,  He  was  a  king  by 
divine  anointing — one  of  the  few  whose  aspect  drew  attention  and  fixed  every  eye. 
From  some  persons,  we  know  not  how,  by  a  sort  of  elemental  energy,  a  thrill  passes. 
A  slight  shudder,  half  of  fear,  half  of  strange  attraction,  goes  through  us  in  their 
presence.  Besides  Daniel  Webster,  I  know  not  who  else  of  our  citizens  was  so 
charged  for  this  galvanic  shock,  which  his  features  conducted.  His  brow,  at  the  orbit 
of  the  eye,  might  have  served  as  an  artist's  model  for  Jupiter ;  and  I  am  not  surprised 
at  the  story,  that,  when  there  was  presented  to  him  an  exorbitant  bill  in  a  foreign 
land,  he  looked  from  the  paper  to  the  chafferer,  and  without  speech,  the  latter  fled  in 
terror  out  of  the  room.  The  judgment-seat  shone  in  his  eyes  for  all  who  ever  entered 
his  company. 

But  the  main  point  is  his  native  energy.  What  God  willed  in  him,  he  willed  for 
himself.  The  first  quality  I  shall  specify,  had  a  right  to  grow  in  such  a  soil.  It  was 
his  justice.  He  wrote  on  moral  science,  and  he  was  the  majesty  of  the  moral  law  in 
his  own  person.  He  walked  and  spoke  and  looked  and  did  what  he  penned.  In  an 
acquaintance  of  nearly  thirty  years,  I  have  observed  in  him  no  deviation  from  rectitude. 

So  full  of  it  was  he,  that  he  impressed  it  irresistibly  on  others.  Combined  with 
singular  courage  and  candor,  it  made  him  the  governor  he  was.  Born  to  command, 
of  an  impassioned  soul,  with  inward  fire  to  drive  the  bullet  and  edge  the  bolt  of  truth, 
his  conceptions  had  in  them  a  certain  electric  swiftness  and  military  force ;  but  right 
eousness  was  their  range. 

Nobody  could  doubt  he  was  President.  This  gift,  thus  nursed  into  a  virtue,  was 
the  secret  of  his  extraordinary  success  in  administration.  I  learn,  from  one  of  his 
best  students,  that,  in  Brown  University,  over  which  he  presided  for  almost  a  score 
and  a  half  of  years,  the  new  hand  at  the  helm  was  felt  at  once.  An  instantaneous 
magnetic  stroke  passed  through  the  buildings.  Every  inmate  was  aware  of  a  stringent 
ar  d  wholesome  demand  of  new  discipline.  Six  months  had  not  passed,  before  the 
College  had  risen  as  by  hydrostatic  pressure.  From  no  indulgence,  but  fidelity,  ran 
his  scholars'  life-long  love. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  41 

It  was  this  justice  which  made  him  such  a  foe  of  human  slavery.  In  simple, 
searching  periods,  he  pointed  out  its  iniquities  thirty  years  ago ;  though  he  was,  from 
the  same  cause,  anxious  that  the  evil  system  should  be  done  away  only  by  means  that 
were  lawful  and  good ;  and  his  letters  to  Dr.  Fuller  were  a  valuable  contribution  to 
that  end.  He  believed  in  equity  "  Corruption  wins  not  more  than  honesty,"  was 
his  favorite  quotation.  But  he  was  no  less  kind  than  just.  His  ethics  were  set  off 
with  such  a  mien  of  strictness,  that  some  thought  him  austere.  But  that  was  only  the 
outside.  His  benevolence  was  deeper,  if  possible,  than  his  conscience.  He  loved  to 
see  people  about  him  happy,  and  to  make  them  so.  His  glance,  that  could  smite  like 
a  cannon-ball,  could  be  gentle  too.  His  voice,  which  could  intone  a  divine  authority, 
melted  with  a  goodness  more  divine.  I  have  scarcely  listened,  in  another,  to  similar 
accents,  which,  in  private  converse,  of  social  and  domestic  scenes,  had  a  wonderful 
blending  of  softness  and  strength,  resembling  the  mighty  and  mellow  break  of  the 
surge  on  the  shore.  Mercy  was  the  ground-swell  ever  heaving  up.  He  was  always 
aiming  to  bless  somebody ;  and  we  cannot  count  the  number  of  those  he  blessed.  If 
visitors  called  at  his  house  during  his  absence,  he  would,  on  his  return,  inquire  :  "  Did 
you  take  them  into  the  garden  Y  Did  you  give  them  some  flowers  and  some  fruit?" 
Benignity  looked  out  of  those  keen  eyes,  and  tenderness  sat  on  the  lips,  which  you 
marvelled  could  unite  such  sweetness  with  their  force. 

His  mood  was  as  perfect  as  his  disposition  was  fine.  I  mean  he  was  not,  like  some 
kiniJ-hearted  men,  subject  to  irritation.  Our  of  temper,  he  was,  I  think,  never  beheld. 
A  hasty  word,  an  uncharitable  judgment,  I  never  heard  from  his  mouth.  It  was  not 
because  there  was  no  heat  in  his  soul.  A  tropical  climate  prevailed  there ;  but  he  was 
a  Christian,  a  great  convert  of  the  Pauline  stamp.  He  was  so  poised  he  never  needed 
to  be  on  his  guard.  You  would  as  soon  have  feared  losing  the  centre  of  gravity  in  the 
globe.  He  was  a  man  of  weight.  "  When  he  was  in  the  city,"  said  one,  "  we  always 
knew  it."  All  the  potencies  of  passion  were  under  his  control,  as  a  tame  creature 
keeps  not  the  track  like  one  under  the  curb.  The  lion  was  unmistakable  under  that 
tawny  skin  and  shaggy  hair ;  but  he  had  lain  down  with  the  lamb ;  and  that  lamb  was 
the  Lamb  of  God ;  and,  if  the  lion's  voice  was  heard,  it  was  no  growl,  prelude  to  the 
devouring  leap,  but  the  roar  of  indignation  for  a  great  cause  injured  or  endangered, 
which  made  the  land  resound.  He  was  meek ;  yet  his  patience  under  reproach  was 
not  that  he  lacked  a  quick  sense  of  what  was  due  to  himself,  but  that  he  forebore  to 
urge  it.  Sometimes  a  bit  of  friendly  irony  escaped.  When  one  said  to  him,  "  I 
cannot  ask  you,  with  your  views,  into  my  pulpit,"  he  simply  replied,  "  Were  it  not  as 
well  to  wait  till  you  know  I  want  to  enter  it?"  But  he  was  willing  to  be  chastened, 
and  he  told  me  he  was  of  Dr.  Freeman's  mind,  that  a  stout  mortification  occasionally  did 
a  man  good.  Yet  no  ^elf-denial  ever  frayed  his  individuality.  As  the  size  of  a  pyra 
mid  or  mountain  is  not  incompatible  with  the  definiteness  of  its  lines,  so,  through  all 


42  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  breadth  of  his  sympathies,  stood  the  independence  of  his  mind.  Confessed  leader 
of  one  of  the  largest  religious  denominations  in  this  country,  he  never  lost  himself  in 
the  million  of  his  followers.  No  recluse  thinker  or  transcendental  essayist  was  less 
conventional,  or  stood  stronger  on  his  own  feet.  He  was  like  an  embodied  law  of 
nature,  a  principle  of  light  and  life  and  elevation  to  his  sect,  while  he  was  Catholic  to 
all  parties  *  *  *  *  * 

Another  virtue  in  him  was  his  work  In  no  man's  fibre  was  it  ever  more  stamped. 
Of  what  is  called  terrible  toiling,  he  was  a  case.  If  he  made  any  mistake,  it  was  his 
disallowance  of  recreation.  No  theatre,  no  opera,  no  concert,  no  dance  for  him !  His 
constant  look  was  as  one  bent  to  the  task,  buckling  to  the  oar  in  a  race.  I  asked  him 
what  relaxation  was  allowed  to  a  minister.  He  smiled  and  said,  "  A  walk"  When 
others  went  a  journey,  or  took  a  vacation,  or  staid  among  the  mountains,  or  by  the  sea, 
he  remained  at  home,  as  in  term-time,  at  his  desk.  His  capacity  of  persistence  I  was 
tempted  to  envy;  but,  if  I  remonstrated  with  him,  he  would  say,  gravely,  "It  is 
about  as  well."  He  chose  a  common  room,  like  any  under-graduate,  within  the 
College  precincts,  for  his  study.  Hot  summer  afternoons,  I  have  seen  him  there, 
busy  in  original  composition,  steadily  writing  and  perspiring,  when  most  men  would 
have  considered  the  stints  of  the  day  over.  In  the  morning  he  would  go,  for  an  hour 
or  two,  to  work  in  his  garden,  more  vigorously  than  anybody  you  employ  for  t--uch  a 
purpose,  and  as  expertly  as  if  gardening  were  all  his  business ;  for  no  gardener  can 
show  in  his  grounds  a  handsomer  horticultural  monument  than  still  stands  of  him.  He 
told  me  he  believed  in  that  sort  of  exercise  which  was  also  productive  labor ;  and  he 
alternated  this  effort  of  the  muscles,  with  equally  severe  exertion  of  the  brain.  We 
cannot  be  saved  by  our  works,  say  apostle  and  saint ;  but  if  any  man  could,  it  was 
Dr.  Wayland.  How  often  I  have  seen  him,  spade  in  hand,  advising  some  caller,  who 
had  pursued  him  from  the  house  !  As  a  specimen  of  physical,  intellectual,  and  moral 
ability  to  achieve,  where  shall  we  find  his  peer?* 

A  most  excellent  discourse  in  commemoration  of  President 
Wayland,  was  delivered  before  the  alumni  and  friends  of  the 
University,  Tuesday,  September  4, 1866,  by  Prof.  George  I.  Chace, 
LL.  D. ;  which  discourse  has  since  been  published  in  a  pamphlet 

*  The  remains  of  Dr.  Wayland  lio  interred  in  tho  North  Burial  Ground,  'whore  also  arc 
the  remains  of  Presidents  Manning  and  Maxcv.  Over  them  the  family  have  recently 
erected  to  his  memory  a  substantial  granite  monument  or  obelisk.  During-  his  pastorate  in 
Boston,  he  married  Lucy  Lincoln,  of  that  city,  sister  of  the  Hon.  Heman  Lincoln.  Two 
sons,  tho  fruits  of  this  marriage,  are  living,  Judge  Francis  Wayland,  of  New  Haven.  Con 
necticut,  and  the  Rev.  Prof.  Heman  L.  Wayland,  of  Kalamazoo  College,  Michigan.  His 
second  wife  was  Mrs.  Sage,  of  Boston,  who,  with  her  son,  Howard  Wuyland,  survives  him. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  43 

form.      The  accompanying  likeness  was  engraved  from  a  photo 
graph,  taken  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1862. 

Dr.  Wayland  was  succeeded  in  the  Presidency  by  the  Rev. 
Barnas  Sears,  who  was  elected  to  this  office  by  a  unanimous  vote 
of  the  Corporation,  at  the  special  meeting  to  which  we  have 
already  referred,  held  on  the  21st  of  August,  1855.  Mr.  Sears 
was  born  in  Sandisfield,  Massachusetts,  on  the  19th  of  November, 
1802.  In  1822,  he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of  Brown  Uni 
versity,  and  graduated  in  1825,  at  the  age  of  twenty-three.  His 
class  numbered  forty-eight,  being  the  largest  class  that  has  ever 
gone  out  from  the  Institution  during  its  entire  history.  Having 
finished  a  course  of  theological  study  at  Newton,  Massachusetts,  he, 
in  1829,  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  where  he  remained  two  years.  At  the  expiration 
of  this  period  he  accepted  an  appointment  to  a  professorship  in 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  now  Madison 
University,  New  York.  In  1833  he  embarked  for  Europe,  and 
spent  several  years  in  study  at  the  Universities  of  Halle,  Leipsic 
and  Berlin.  While  here  he  laid  the  foundations  for  his  excellent 
library,  and  acquired  that  taste  for  the  German  language  and 
literature,  which  he  has  continued  to  cultivate  with  such  earnest 
ness  and  enthusiasm.  Upon  his  return  to  this  country  he  was 
appointed  to  a  professorship  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New 
ton,  where  he  remained  twelve  years ;  during  the  latter  part  of 
this  period  he  was  President  of  the  Institution.  Upon  the  resig 
nation  of  the  late  Horace  Mann,  in  1848,  he  was  made  Secretary 
and  Executive  Agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education. 
This  responsible  position  he  filled  with  distinguished  honor  and 
usefulness  for  a  period  of  seven  years.  In  these  several  situa 
tions,  all  of  them  connected  with  the  interests  of  learning  and 
religion,  Dr.  Sears  had  become  widely  known  to  the  public,  and 
especially  to  the  religious  denomination  to  which  he  is  attached. 


44  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

By  his  professional  labors  and  published  writings  he  had  acquired 
a  high  reputation  for  superior  talents  and  varied  scholarship; 
while  his  persuasive  eloquence  and  genial  manners  had  secured 
for  him  in  all  quarters  a  host  of  admiring  friends.  He  was  thus 
preeminently  fitted  to  become  the  successor  of  Wayland,  Messer, 
Maxcy,  and  Manning. 

Dr.  Sears  entered  upon  his  duties  at  the  beginning  of  the  Fall 
term.  The  Chancellor  of  the  Institution,  Dr.  Tobej^fattended  the 
services  in  the  Chapel,  and  in  a  neat  and  appropriate  speech  intro 
duced  the  new  President  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  Faculty,  and  to 
the  students.  In  his  reply  which  follows,  he  gracefully  struck  the 
key  note  of  his  administration,  —  popular  education,  and  an  earn 
est  devotion  to  the  interests  of  young  men  :  — 

YOUNG  GENTLEMEN:  — 

I  am  well  aware  of  the  grave  nature  of  the  duties  which  I  have  undertaken  to 
discharge  in  accepting  the  office  to  which  I  have  been  called.  My  humble  abilities, 
too  favorably  viewed  by  the  Corporation  and  its  official  organ  who  has  honored  me  with 
this  presentation,  shall  be  faithfully  devoted  to  the  interests  of  those  committed  to  my 
charge.  I  arri  greatly  encouraged  by  seeing  around  me  a  body  of  able,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  experienced  instructors,  on  whose  counsel  and  cooperation  I  may  safely  rely. 
The  general  subject  to  which  I  am  called  to  direct  my  attention  is,  indeed,  not  new. 
With  education  in  some  form,  I  have  been  occupied  the  greater  part  of  my  life.  My 
interest  in  the  subject  is  second  to  that  of  no  one.  I  am  deeply  interested  in  young 
men  at  that  period  of  life  when  their  characters  are  formed.  In  you  I  see  those,  who 
have  left  their  homes  and  the  influence  of  daily  parental  example  and  counsel,  perhaps 
for  the  first  time.  Certainly  you  are  now  in  a  situation  which  requires  some  indepen 
dence  of  character.  Your  opinions  are  to  be  formed  anew.  Your  intellects  are  to  be 
exercised,  and  your  minds  intensely  employed  in  academical  study  just  at  the  period  of 
their  most  rapid  growth.  The  intellectual  character  here  formed  will  probably  continue 
through  life.  To  do  what  I  may  to  aid  you  in  this  important  preparatory  work  will  be 
the  object  of  my  highest  ambition.  I  shall  rely  on  the  ingenuousness,  characteristic  of 
youth,  for  a  reciprocity  of  feeling  and  action.  While  we  seek  only  your  good  in  the 
highest  degree,  on  broad  and  generous  principles,  we  may  safely  trust  that  you,  on 
your  part,  will  pursue  your  studies  with  the  same  end  in  view  Yield  yourselves,  then, 
confidingly  to  that  honorable  career  of  intellectual  and  moral  improvement  in  which  it 


; 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH.  45 

will  be  my  delight  to  aid  you,  and  spend  these  few  golden  years,  de Voted  to  liberal 
studies,  in  such  a  way  that  society  at  large,  and  yourselves  individually,  may  long 
enjoy  the  benefit  and  rejoice  in  the  fruits  of  it. 

The  first  decade  of  President  Sears's  administration  extends 
through  the  financial  crisis  of  1857,  and  the  long  and  terrible 
war  with  the  South; — nevertheless,  during  this  period  the  facili 
ties  for  instruction  have  been  increased ;  an  elegant  and  well- 
appointed  Laboratory,  for  the  department  of  Analytical  Chemis 
try,  has  been  erected  at  the  expense  of  liberal-minded  citizens  of 
Providence  ;  a  system  of  scholarships  for  meritorious  and  indigent 
students  has  been  inaugurated ;  the  Bowen  Estate,  so  called,  on 
the  corner  of  George  and  Prospect  streets,  has,  through  the 
munificence  of  a  member  of  the  Corporation,  been  added  to  the 
College  Green;  the  Institution  has  been  brought  into  harmo 
nious  relations  with  the  governments  of  the  City  and  the  State, 
by  liberal  concessions  in  the  matter  of  taxation  ;  a  debt  of  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars  has  been  extinguished ;  and  large  additions 
have  been  made  to  the  College  funds.  The  "New  System"  intro 
duced  by  his  predecessor  has  been  considerably  modified.  The 
increased  opportunities  for  practical  education  are  still  offered. 
But  inasmuch  as  it  was  found  that,  while  the  whole  number  of 
students  in  the  partial  course  increased,  those  who  pursued  a  full 
course  diminished, —  361  students  having  entered  in  the  years 
1850-54,  while  only  108  were  graduated  in  the  full  course  in  the 
years  1854-58, —  it  was  thought  expedient  to  abandon  the  three 
years'  course  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and  to  diminish 
the  prominence  of  the  partial  course.  The  course  of  study  for 
academic  degrees  has  therefore  returned  to  its  former  order  and 
limits.  The  Bachelor's  degree  in  arts  is  given  at  the  end  of  four 
years  of  prescribed  study :  the  Master's  degree  is  conferred  in 
course ;  the  Baccalaureate  in  Philosophy  is  retained  as  originally 
prescribed. 

^     *L  4"4->-,.^         £^*X*-.  4^-V*       ^U       ^-C.t.Kl.^iv         ***"«^*~- 

1 


46  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  University  has  at  present,  besides  a  mansion  for  the 
President,  and  a  grammar  school  building  erected  in  1810, 
five  College  buildings  or  halls,  viz. :  University  Hall,  built  in 
1770,  of  brick,  four  stories  high,  150  feet  long  and  46  feet  wide, 
with  a  projection  on  the  east  and  west  sides  of  10  feet  by  33, 
containing  58  rooms  for  officers  and  students ;  Hope  College, 
built  in  1822,  of  brick,  four  stories  high,  120  feet  long  and  40 
wide,  containing  48  rooms  ;  Manning  Hall,  built  in  1834,  of  stone 
covered  with  cement,  90  feet  in  length  by  42  in  width,  two  stories 
high,  containing  the  library  room  and  the  chapel ;  Rhode  Island 
Hall,  built  in  1840,  of  stone  covered  with  cement,  two  stories 
high,  70  feet  long  by  42  wide,  containing  two  lecture  rooms  with 
apparatus,  an  ample  hall  for  the  cabinet  of  mineralogy,  geology, 
etc.,  and  a  basement  fitted  up  for  chemical  purposes  ;  and  a  Chemi 
cal  Laboratory,  built  in  1862,  of  Danvers  pressed  brick,  two  stories 
high,  50  feet  long  and  40  wide,  with  a  projection  on  the  east  side 
of  35  by  55  feet. 

The  College  library,  which  from  the  beginning  has  been 
regarded  by  the  friends  of  the  Institution  as  of  the  highest 
importance,  and  which  has  always  received  a  large  share  of  their 
attention  and  liberality,  contains  thirty-five  thousand  carefully 
selected  volumes,  including  a  rich  collection  of  rare  and  valuable 
pamphlets.  It  is  open  daily  for  the  use  of  Professors,  graduates 
and  undergraduates,  between  the  hours  of  nine  and  one.  The 
College  grounds  comprise  about  fifteen  acres,  and  are  worth,  at 
the  present  valuation  of  landed  property  in  their  immediate 
vicinity,  upwards  of  half  a  million  of  dollars.  These  grounds 
include  the  University  Grammar  School  lot,  about  80  by  138 
feet;  the  President's  mansion  lot,  80  by  240  feet;  the  house 
lots  bequeathed  to  the  University  by  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown, 
138  feet  deep,  and  extending  from  a  point  111)  feet  west  of 
Thayer  street,  eastward  to  Hope  street;  the  College  Green 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH.  47 

in  front  of  University  Hall,  the  College  Campus  in  the  rear, 
and  the  College  Park,  extending  from  the  Campus  east  to 
Thayer  street.  The  College  enclosure  proper  comprises  the 
Green  and  the  Campus,  and  is  bounded  in  general  by  George, 
Prospect,  Waterman  and  Thayer  streets.  The  invested  funds  of 
the  College  amount  to  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars ;  and  vigorous  efforts  are  being  made  to  increase  them  to 
half  a  million.  In  this  summary  are  comprised  the  original  funds, 
amounting  to  $21,800 ;  the  Nicholas  Brown  professorship  of  ora 
tory  and  belles-lettres,  $13,000;  the  library  fund,  $25,000;  the 
President's  premium  fund,  $1,000 ;  scholarships,  $45,000 ;  aid 
fund,  $5,000;  subscription  fund  for  the  "New  System";  and  the 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars  recently  given  to  the  College,  by 
Messrs.  William  Sprague,  William  H.  Reynolds,  William  S.  Slater, 
Horatio  N.  Slater,  and  Earl  P.  Mason. 

From  the  triennial  catalogue  published  in  1866,  it  appears 
that  the  number  of  graduates  from  the  beginning  is  2,267.  In 
addition  to  these,  many  persons  have  received  at  the  Institution 
a  partial  training,  remaining  within  its  walls,  one,  two,  or  three 
years,  but  without  receiving  any  degree;  —  thus  making  perhaps 
three  thousand  as  the  quota  of  educated  men  which  the  Univer 
sity  has  furnished  for  the  country  and  the  world,  during  the  first 
century  of  her  existence.  The  academic  year  is  divided  into  two 
terms,  the  first  beginning  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September, 
and  continuing  twenty  weeks  ;  the  second  beginning  three  weeks 
after  the  close  of  the  first,  (about  the  middle  of  February,)  and 
continuing  twenty  weeks, — to  about  the  second  week  in  July. 
A  recess  of  one  week  occurs  in  the  middle  of  each  term.  The 
annual  Commencement  is  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  Septem 
ber.  In  the  order  and  the  course  of  study,  Brown  University 
does  not  now  differ  essentially  from  her  sister  colleges  of  the 
United  States.  Her  Faculty  consists  of  a  President,  who  is  also 


48  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy,  six  Professors, 
three  Instructors,  and  two  assistant  Instructors.  A  Librarian  and 
a  Register  complete  her  list  of  officers.  Retaining  all  that  the 
times  called  for,  and  all  that  she  found  worthy  in  her  "  New  Sys 
tem,"  she  proceeds,  as  of  old,  on  the  well-tried  basis  of  a  sound 
and  thorough  Christian,  classical  and  scientific  culture ;  and  offers 
and  gives  to  her  pupils  an  education  in  keeping  with  the  spirit  in 
which  she  was  founded,  and  with  the  intentions  of  those  who 
have  enriched  her  with  ample  means,  and  nurtured  her  with 
untiring  devotion  and  zeal. 

An  extract  from  President  Sears's  excellent  discourse,  delivered 
at  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  found 
ing  of  the  Institution,  September  6, 1864,  finds  here  an  appropriate 
place.  The  author's  predictions  in  regard  to  an  observatory  are, 
we  are  happy  to  add,  in  a  fair  way  of  being  fulfilled.  The  Rev. 
Dr.  Caswell,  for  so  many  years  a  Professor  in  the  University,  has 
taken  this  matter  in  hand,  and  has  already,  it  is  understood, 
secured  liberal  subscriptions  for  the  purchase  of  a  telescope  and 
accompanying  instruments,  and  for  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
building.  It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  the  picture  of  the  future,  so 
skillfully  drawn  by  the  President,  will  become  a  reality  at  some 
day  not  far  removed  from  the  present :  — 

New  aspects  of  the  place  will  present  themselves  to  the  eyo  of  the  spectator  who 
shall  stand  upon  the  College  campus.  As,  out  of  the  rough  and  rocky  hill,  where 
Manning  took  up  his  abode,  with  nothing  to  obstruct  his  view  of  the  bay,  and  with 
only  a  pathway  leading  to  the  neighboring  town,  an  enchanting  sight  of  public  build 
ings,  and  private  residences,  and  gardens,  and  broad  and  beautiful  streets,  now  meets 
the  eye ;  so,  at  a  future  day,  not  very  remote,  one  will  see  the  vacant  plat  opposite 
our  beautiful  laboratory,  occupied  by  a  structure  for  a  kindred  purpose,  rivalling  it  in 
beauty  and  excellence ;  and  in  the  rear  of  both,  through  a  vista  formed  by  them,  or 
elsewhere,  a  magnificent  fire-proof  library  building,  worthy  of  the  precious  treasure 
which  it  is  to  protect.  On  some  eminence,  not  far  distant,  may,  perchance,  be  seen  an 
observatory  pointing  its  huge  telescope  to  the  heavens.  Our  city  itself  shall  extend 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH. 


49 


eastward,  till  it  reach  the  river ;  and,  beyond  this,  shall  rise  numerous  villas,  fringing 
the  town. 

Let  the  remaining  parts  of  the  picture  be  filled  out  by  another  hand,  at  some  future 
time ;  and,  before  withdrawing  from  this  scene  of  our  fancy,  which  is  sure  to  be  real 
ized  in  some  form  similar  to  what  is  here  sketched,  let  us  leave  a  cordial  welcome  to 
those  whom  a  revolving  age  shall  bring  to  occupy  our  places,  to  the  ministers  and  wit 
nesses  of  further  progress,  to  be  followed,  in  turn,  by  others,  who,  in  long  succession, 
shall  labor  with  new  devotion  and  fervor,  to  perpetuate  the  blessings  and  increase  the 
glory  of  our  loved  ALMA  MATER. 

The  following  presents  in  a  tabular  form  the  number  of  those 
who  have  graduated,  from  year  to  year,  under  the  different 
Presidents: — 


MANNING  S    ADMINISTRATION. 


1769,  - 

1770,  - 

1771,  - 

1772,  - 


1792, 
1793, 
1794, 


1803, 
1804, 
1805, 
1806, 

1807, 


1827, 
1828, 
1829, 
1830, 
1831, 
1832, 


1856, 
1857, 

1858, 


17 
12 

20 


1773,  - 

1774,  - 

1775,  - 

1776,  - 


1795, 
1796, 

1797, 


23] 1808, 
22  1 1809, 


-  28 
19 

-  28 


30 
25 
19 
20 
13 
23 


1810,  - 
1811, 

1812,  - 


1833, 
1834, 
1835, 
1836, 
1837, 
1838, 


2611859, 
30  i 1860, 
36! 1861, 

7 


-  5 

1777,  -  - 

7  j  1787, 

-  -  10 

1791, 

6 

1782,  -  - 

7  1788, 

-  -  20 

-  10 

1783,  -  - 

6  11789, 

-  -  9 

Total, 

9 

1786,  -  - 

15  1  1790, 

-  -  22 

MAXCY'S    ADMINISTRATION. 


26 

1798, 

-  -  18 

1801, 

-  17 

1799, 

-  -  24 

1802, 

23 

1800, 

-  -  23 

MESSER'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

33 

1813, 

-  -  35 

1818, 

-  30 

1814, 

-  -  47 

1819, 

20 

1815, 

-  -  22 

1820, 

-  24 

1816, 

-  -  33 

1821, 

23 

1817, 

-  -  25 

1822, 

WAYLAND'S  ADMINISTRATION. 


-  20 

1839, 

-  -  35 

1845, 

23 

1840, 

-  -  36 

1846, 

-  15 

1841, 

-  -  31 

1847, 

24 

1842, 

-  -  35 

1848, 

-  38 

1843, 

-  -  29 

1849, 

30 

1844, 

-  -  26 

1850, 

SEARS's  ADMINISTRATION. 

31 

1862, 

-  -  25 

1865, 

-  29 

1863, 

-  -  28 

1866, 

38 

1864, 

-  -  43 

19 

28 


-  16 
165 


Total,   -  227 


-  27 
41 

-  48 

28 

693 


-  32 
38 

-  24 

40 

-  35 

813 


369 


18 

1823,  - 

20  1824,  - 

29 

1825,  - 

40  i  1826,  - 

30  1   Total, 

28 

1851,  - 

32 

1852,  - 

33 

1853,  - 

30 

1854,  - 

27 

1855,  - 

22 

Total, 

41 

Total, 

42 

50  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

We  may  add,  as  a  sort  of  appendix  to  the  foregoing,  a  review 
of  the  triennial  catalogue,  to  which  reference  has  already  been 
made.  From  the  summary  it  appears  that  the  entire  number  of 
the  sons  of  Brown  University,  including  not  only  graduates,  but 
all  who  have  been  honored  by  the  Board  of  Fellows  with  degrees, 
or  received  into  her  fellowship  ad  eimdem,  is  2,815;  of  whom  1,523 
are  now  living.  These  are  scattered  over  all  parts  of  the  globe, 
and  may  be  supposed  to  represent  fairly  the  learned  professions, 
and  the  various  callings  and  pursuits  of  life. 

One  of  the  oldest  living  graduates,  if  not  the  oldest,  at  the 
time  when  the  catalogue  was  passing  through  the  press,  was  the 
Hon.  Ezekiel  Whitman,  of  the  class  of  1795,  for  many  years 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine.  He  has  since 
died,  (August  1,  1866,)  at  his  residence  in  East  Bridgwater, 
Massachusetts,  in  the  ninety-first  year  of  his  age.  Among  other 
Judges  and  Chief  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  we  notice  the 
names  of  Samuel  Eddy,  James  Burrill,  Tristam  Surges,  Samuel 
Randall,  Richard  Ward  Greene,  Luke  Drury,  Job  Durfee,  Joseph 
Joslen,  William  R.  Staples,  Levi  Haile,  Samuel  Ames,  George  A. 
Brayton,  Alfred  Bosworth,  Charles  S.  Bradley,  and  Thomas  Dur 
fee,  of  Rhode  Island ;  Marcus  Morton,  Theron  Metcalf,  Charles  E. 
Forbes,  and  Benjamin  F.  Thomas,  of  Massachusetts;  Asa  Aldis,  of 
Vermont ;  William  L.  Marcy,  of  New  York ;  Jabez  Bo  wen,  and 
John  G.  Polhill,  of  Georgia.  To  enumerate  judges  of  the  infe 
rior  courts,  who  have  received  their  education  at  the  University, 
would  require  more  space  than  can  well  be  spared. 

Among  those  who  have  filled  the  office  of  Governor  or  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor  in  the  several  states,  we  notice  in  passing,  the 
names  of  Samuel  Coney,  of  Maine ;  Jared  Warner  Williams,  of 
New  Hampshire ;  John  H.  Clifford,  John  Reed,  and  Marcus  Mor 
ton,  of  Massachusetts ;  James  Fenner,  Philip  Allen,  John  Brown 
Francis,  Jonathan  R.  Bullock,  Nicholas  Brown,  William  Greene, 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  51 

Elisha  Dyer,  Henry  B.  Anthony,  and  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  of  Rhode 
Island;  Ebenezer  Stoddard,  of  Connecticut;  James  Tallmadge, 
and  William  L/Marcy,  of  New  York;  Andrew  Pickens,  of  South 
Carolina ;  and  Pendleton  Murrah,  the  rebel  Governor  of  Texas. 

The  first  President  of  the  College,  as  has  already  been  stated 
in  the  beginning,  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1T8G.  Of  his 
pupils,  and  those  who  have  graduated  under  his  successors,  thirty- 
seven  appear  in  the  catalogue  with  the  affix  "e  Cong."  to  their 
names.  The  earliest  is  James  Mitchell  Yarnum,  of  the  class  of 
1769,  and  the  latest,  Samuel  Sullivan  Cox,  of  the  class  of  1846. 
Eighteen  of  the  graduates  have  been  honored  with  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  as  follows  :  Theodore  Foster,  of  the  class 
of  1770;  Dwight  Foster,  class  of  1774;  James  Burrill,  class  of 
1788;  James  Fenner,  class  of  1789;  James  Brown  Howell,  class 
of  1789 ;  William  Hunter,  class  of  1791 ;  John  Holmes,  class  of 
1796;  Nathan  Fellows  Dixon,  class  of  1799;  Philip  Allen,  class 
of  1803 ;  John  Brown  Francis,  class  of  1808 ;  William  Larned 
Marcy,  class  of  1808  ;  John  Hopkins  Clarke,  class  of  1809  ;  John 
Ruggles,  class  of  1813 ;  Jared  Warner  Williams,  class  of  1818 ; 
Lafayette  Sabine  Foster,  class  of  1828;  Henry  Bowen  Anthony, 
class  of  1833;  Samuel  Greene  Arnold,  class  of  1841;  and  John 
Milton  Thayer,  class  of  1841,  recently  elected  Senator  for 
Nebraska,  Of  the  four  delegates  to  Congress  from  Rhode  Island 
at  the  present  time,  three  are  graduates  of  Brown,  viz. :  Nathan 
F.  Dixon,  class  of  1833 ;  Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  class  of  1838 ;  and 
Henry  B.  Anthony. 

The  entire  number  of  graduates  from  the  beginning,  is  2,267. 
Of  this  number  583,  or  more  than  one-fourth,  appear  in  italics, 
having  been  ordained  and  set  apart  to  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry.  Ninety-five  of  this  class  have  been  honored  at  this 
Institution,  and  elsewhere,  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  in  Divinity. 
Among  the  Divines  thus  honored,  we  notice  the  names  of  Prof. 


52  BKOWNUNIVERSITY. 

William  Eogers  of  the  first  graduating  class ;  Calvin  Park,  class 
of  1797,  for  many  years  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  and  Meta 
physics  in  the  Institution;  David  Benedict,  class  of  1806,  the 
venerable  Baptist  historian ;  Adoniram  Judson,  class  of  1807,  the 
distinguished  missionary  to  Burmah ;  Ebenezer  Burgess,  class  of 
1809,  a  tutor  of  the  Institution  from  1811  to  1813;  Jacob  Ide. 
class  of  1809,  a  son-in-law  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Emmons,  of  Franklin, 
and  the  editor  of  his  published  works ;  John  L.  Blake,  class  of 
1812,  author  of  a  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  which  has 
passed  through  many  editions;  Romeo  Elton,  class  of  1813,  a 
Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  Institution  from  1825  to 
1843 ;  Enoch  Pond,  class  of  1813,  Professor  in  the  Theological 
Seminary,  at  Bangor;  Alvan  Bond,  class  of  1815,  formerly  a  Pro 
fessor  at  Bangor ;  Solomon  Peck,  class  of  1816,  for  many  years 
Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union;  Benjamin  B.  Smith,  class  of  1816,  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal 
church  of  Kentucky ;  Swan  L.  Pomroy,  class  of  1820,  for  many 
years  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Board  of  Com 
missioners  for  Foreign  Missions;  Alexis  Caswell,  also  LL.  D.,  class 
of  1822,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  the 
Institution  from  1828  to  1864 ;  George  Burgess,  class  of  1826, 
late  Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  church  of  Maine ;  Edwards  A.  Park, 
class  of  1826,  the  distinguished  Professor  of  Theology  at  Andover; 
M.  A.  DeWolf  Howe,  class  of  1828,  recently  elected  Bishop 
of  Nebraska,  but  declined;  Edward  A.  Stevens,  class  of  1833, 
Missionary  at  Rangoon ;  George  M.  Randall,  class  of  1835, 
Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Colorado ;  Jonah  G.  Warren, 
class  of  1835,  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union;  Albert  N.  Arnold,  class  of  1838,  formerly 
missionary  to  Greece,  and  now  a  Professor  in  Madison  Univer 
sity;  Alexander  Burgess,  class  of  1838,  recently  elected  Bishop 
of  Maine  as  successor  to  his  brother,  but  declined  ;  Ezekiel  G. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  53 

Robinson,  class  of  1838,  Professor  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Rochester;  William  T.  Brantly,  class  of  1840,  Professor  of  Meta 
physics  and  Belles-Lettres  in  Mercer  University,  Georgia ;  Ken 
dall  Brooks,  class  of  1841,  editor  of  the  National  Baptist;  Henry 
Day,  class  of  1843,  for  several  years  a  Professor  in  the  Institu 
tion;  Robinson  P.  Dunn,  class  of  1843,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
English  Literature  since  1851 ;  James  P.  Boyce,  class  of  1847,  a 
Professor  of  Theology  in  the  Furman  Institute,  Greenville,  South 
Carolina;  George  P.  Fisher,  class  of  1847,  Professor  of  Ecclesiasti 
cal  History  in  Yale  College. 

Fifty-two  of  the  graduates  have  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws,  at  this  and  other  institutions  of  learning.  In  addition 
to  the  names  not  elsewhere  enumerated,  we  may  mention  Thomas 
Park,  of  the  class  of  1789;  Nathaniel  Searle,  class  of  1794; 
Abraham  Blanding,  class  of  1796  ;  Benjamin  Allen,  class  of  1797  ; 
John  Pitman,  class  of  1799;  John  M.  Williams,  class  of  1801; 
John  Whipple,  class  of  1802 ;  William  Giles  Goddard,  class  of 
1812,  for  seventeen  years  a  Professor  in  the  University ;  Zacha- 
riah  Allen,  class  of  1813 ;  William  Ruggles,  class  of  1820,  Profes 
sor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Columbian  College  ; 
George  R.Russell,  class  of  1821;  Isaac  Davis,  class  of  1822; 
Edward  Mellen,  class  of  1823 ;  George  W.  Keely,  class  of  1824, 
Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Waterville 
College ;  John  Kingsbury,  class  of  1826,  Secretary  of  the  Cor 
poration ;  Peter  C.  Bacon,  class  of  1827;  William  M.  Cornell, 
class  of  1827,  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania;  John  A.  Bolles,  class  of  1829;  George  Ide 
Chace,  class  of  1830,  a  Professor  in  the  University  since  1833 ; 
William  Gammell,  class  of  1831,  a  Professor  in  the  University 
from  1835  to  1864;  John  L.  Lincoln,  class  of  1836,  a  Professor 
in  the  University  since  1844;  David  Burbank,  class  of  1837; 
Nathan  Bishop,  class  of  1837,  for  ten  years  Superintendent  of  the 


54  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Public  Schools  in  Providence,  and  afterwards  Superintendent  of 
the  Public  Schools  in  Boston;  Samuel  P.  Bates,  class  of  1851, 
Deputy  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools  in  Pennsylvania. 

Among  those  who  have  attained  to  eminence  as  diplomatists, 
orators  and  statesmen,  we  may  mention  especially,  Gen.  James 
Mitchell  Varnum,  of  the  first  graduating  class,  and  Col.  Samuel 
Ward,  of  the  class  of  1771,  both  distinguished  officers  of  the 
revolutionary  army;  Samuel  Eddy,  of  the  class  of  1787,  for 
twenty-one  successive  years  Secretary  of  Rhode  Island,  and  for 
eight  years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State ; 
Jonathan  Russell,  of  the  class  of  1791,  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  Stockholm,  and  one  of  the  five  commissioners  who  negotiated 
the  treaty  of  peace  with  England,  at  Ghent,  in  1814, —  and  whose 
Fourth  of  July  oration,  delivered  at  Providence  in  the  year  1800, 
has  passed  through  scores  of  editions,  and  furnished  material  for 
school-boy  declamations  from  that  time  down  to  the  present  day ; 
William  Hunter,  also  of  the  class  of  1791,  a  distinguished  scholar, 
and  for  many  years  Charge  d'  Affaires  at  the  Court  of  Brazil ;  the 
late  William  Baylies,  of  the  class  of  1795,  one  of  the  purest- 
minded  and  best  jurists  of  the  Bay  State  ;  Tristam  B urges,  of  the 
class  of  1796,  the  distinguished  orator,  whose  keen,  sarcastic  wit 
proved  more  than  a  match  for  the  redoubtable  John  Randolph, 
of  Virginia ;  Henry  Wheaton,  of  the  class  of  1802,  Minister  Pleni 
potentiary  to  Berlin,  and  author  of  "  Elements  of  International 
Law,"  still  the  standard  book  on  this  subject,  and  the  text-£>ook 
in  the  universities  and  colleges  not  only  of  America,  but  of  Eng 
land ;  William  Larned  Marcy,  of  the  class  of  1808.  Secretary  of 
War  under  President  Polk,  and  afterwards,  under  President  Pierce, 
Secretary  of  State,  and  author  of  the  famous  letter  to  the  Aus 
trian  government  on  the  release  of  Martin  Koszta;  Lafayette 
Sabine  Foster,  whose  name  we  have  already  mentioned  in  the 
list  of  senators,  late  President  of  the  United  States  Senate.  To 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH.  55 

this  list  we  may  add  George  D.  Prentice,  of  the  class  of  1823, 
whose  witty  paragraphs  have  made  the  Louisville  Journal  famous 
during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century. 

Nearly  a  hundred  of  the  graduates  have  rendered  good  ser 
vice  in  the  cause  of  learning  as  tutors  and  professors  in  colleges 
and  theological  seminaries,  while  large  numbers  have  distinguished 
themselves  as  teachers  in  the  various  schools  and  academies  of  the 
land.  A  score  and  upwards  have  served  as  Presidents  of  colleges. 
We  may  mention  the  names  of  Jonathan  Maxcy,  of  the  class  of 
1787,  Asa  Messer,  of  the  class  of  1790,  and  Barnas  Sears,  of  the 
class  of  1825,  in  connection  with  the  Presidency  of  their  Alma 
Mater.  Jeremiah  Chaplin,  of  the  class  of  1799,  Rufus  Babcock, 
of  the  class  of  1821,  Eliphas  Fay,  of  the  class  of  1821,  and  James 
Tift  Champlin,  of  the  class  of  1834,  in  connection  with  the  Presi 
dency  of  Waterville  College  ;  Willard  Preston,  of  the  class  of 
1806,  fourth  President  of  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  James 
Burrill  Angell,  of  the  class  of  1849,  recently  inaugurated  Presi 
dent  of  the  same  institution ;  Jonathan  Going,  of  the  class  of 
1809,  President  of  Granville  College,  Ohio  ;  Jasper  Adams,  of 
the  class  of  1815,  President  of  Geneva  College,  New  York,  and 
afterwards  of  Charleston  College,  South  Carolina ;  Wilbur  Fisk, 
of  the  class  of  1815,  first  President  of  the  Wesley  an  University, 
Middletown,  Connecticut;  Jesse  Hartwell,  of  the  class  of  1819, 
President  of  Mt.  Lebanon  University,  Louisiana ;  Horace  Mann, 
of  the  class  of  1819,  President  of  Antioch  College;  Silas  Axtell 
Crane,  of  the  class  of  1823,  President  of  Kemper  College,  Mis 
souri,  and  Eleazar  Carter  Hutchinson,  of  the  class  of  1826,  Presi 
dent  of  the  same  institution ;  John  Pratt,  of  the  class  of  1827, 
President  of  Granville  College ;  John  Brown  White,  of  the  class 
of  1832,  President  of  Wake  Forest  College  ;  Silas  Bailey,  of  the 
class  of  1834,  President  of  Granville  College,  now  Denison  Uni 
versity,  and  afterwards  President  of  Franklin  College,  Indiana ; 


56  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Justin  Kolfe  Loomis,  of  the  class  of  1835,  President  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Lewisburg,  Pennsylvania ;  and  George  Whitefield 
Samson,  of  the  class  of  1839,  President  of  Columbian  College, 
Washington. 

In  looking  over  the  long  list  of  Trustees  and  Fellows,  but  few 
of  whom  comparatively  speaking  are  among  the  graduates  of  the 
Institution,  one  can  hardly  fail  to  observe  how  many  of  the  great 
and  good  men  of  the  day  it  comprises.  Prominent  among  the 
early  Fellows  are  the  names  of  Morgan  Edwards,  who  first 
proposed  to  the  Philadelphia  Association  the  founding  of  the 
College,  and  who  procured  in  England  and  Ireland  the  funds 
wherewith  it  was  endowed ;  Doct.  Thomas  Eyres  of  Newport,  a 
graduate  of  Yale,  and  the  first  Secretary  of  the  Corporation;  Rev. 
Edward  Upham,  a  Baptist  clergyman  of  Newport,  and  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  the  class  of  1734;  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman  of  Boston,  the 
most  popular  and  eloquent  preacher  of  his  day ;  Rev.  Dr.  Smith 
of  Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  the  brave  patriot,  and  the  classmate 
and  intimate  friend  of  President  Manning ;  Jabez  Bowen,  LL.  D., 
for  five  years  Deputy  Governor  of  Rhode  Island ;  Judge  Howell, 
LL.  D.,  the  first  Tutor  and  Professor  of  the  Institution,  and  for 
more  than  half  a  century  a  leading  man  in  the  affairs  of  Rhode 
Island ;  Doct.  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  the  early  advocate  of  vacci 
nation,  and  the  author  of  the  first  course  of  lectures  on  Botany 
and  Natural  History  ever  delivered  in  this  country ;  Rev.  John 
Davis,  the  " pious  and  learned"  defender  of  civil  and  religious 
liberty ;  Doct.  Solomon  Drown,  a  graduate  of  the  College  in  the 
class  of  1773,  and  for  many  years  a  leading  physician  of  Provi 
dence  ;  Rev.  Dr.  Enos  Hitchcock,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College, 
and  a  leading  clergyman  of  Providence  after  the  Revolutionary 
war.  At  the  head  of  the  list  of  Trustees  stands  the  honored 
name  of  Stephen  Hopkins,  LL.  D.,  Governor  of  the  State,  and 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was 


HISTORICAL    SKETCH.  57 

the  first  Chancellor  of  the  University,  and,  like  the  present  Chan 
cellor,  was  an  active  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  Further 
down  the  list  appears  the  name  of  Esek  Hopkins,  a  brother  of 
the  Governor,  and  the  first  Commodore  in  the  American  Navy. 
We  notice  also  the  names  of  Samuel  Ward,  Josias  Lyndon,  Joseph 
Wanton,  Nicholas  Cooke,  and  William  Greene,  Governors  of  Rhode 
Island  previous  to  and  during  the  war,  and  Daniel  Sessions  and 
William  Bradford,  Deputy  Governors ;  Daniel  Jenckes,  whose 
name  is  so  intimately  connected  with  the  history  of  the  College 
charter.  He  was  for  forty  years  a  member  of  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  for  nearly  thirty  years  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Provi 
dence  County  Court;  —  his  daughter  Rhoda  was  mother  of  the 
Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  from  whom  the  University  derives  its 
name,  and  also  of  the  late  Mrs.  Hope  Ives,  after  whom  Hope  Col 
lege  was  named.  The  venerable  Isaac  Backus,  of  Middleborough, 
the  Baptist  historian  of  New  England,  was  for  thirty-four  years 
an  active  Trustee  of  the  Institution.  But  prominent  among  the 
early  Trustees  are  the  honored  names  of  Nicholas,  Joseph  and 
John  Brown.  To  their  united  efforts  and  large-hearted  benevo 
lence,  not  only  the  College,  but  the  City  in  which  it  is  located, 
owe  much  of  their  present  usefulness  and  prosperity.  Of  the 
more  recent  members  of  the  Corporation,  it  may  be  sufficient  to 
say,  that  they  happily  represent  the  piety,  the  learning  and  wealth 
of  the  four  religious  denominations  recognized  in  the  charter. 

The  imperfect  review  which  we  have  thus  been  enabled  to 
give  of  the  graduates  of  Brown  University,  shows  that  during 
the  first  century  of  her  existence  she  has  performed  well  her 
part  in  the  great  work  of  diffusing  the  blessings  of  learning  and 
religion  in  the  earth,  and  of  "forming,"  in  the  language  of  her 
charter,  "  the  rising  generation  to  virtue,  knowledge  and  useful 
literature."  Of  such  a  record  the  friends  and  patrons  of  the 
Institution  may  well  be  proud. 


58  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  following  KOLL  OF  HONOR  may  fitly  close  this  Historical 
Sketch.  It  comprises  a  list  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-one 
STUDENTS  (including  several  recent  graduates)  who  left  the  quiet 
shades  of  the  Academy  to  enter  upon  the  field  of  strife,  and  aid 
in  putting  down  the  Rebellion.  We  publish  it  as  it  originally 
appeared  in  the  "Brown  Paper"*  for  1862,  without  change  or 
comment.  It  shows  that  Brown  University,  as  in  the  beginning, 
has  been  well  represented  in  the  struggles  of  her  country  for 
freedom  and  union.  Of  this  list  of  students,  twenty-one  responded 
at  once  to  the  calls  of  patriotism,  and  entered  the  army  in  the 
very  beginning  of  the  war.  How  many  of  her  GRADUATES  enlisted 
under  the  stars  and  stripes,  may  never,  perhaps,  be  fully  ascertained. 

Henry  S.  Adams,  Lieutenant,     -  -     45th  Massachusetts  Volunteers. 

Joshua  Addeman,  10th  Rhode  Island 

William  Ames,  Captain,  2d          "  " 

William  I).  Avery,  Captain,  United  States  Navy. 

Seth  J.  Axtell,  Corporal,  -  -     51st  Massachusetts  Volunteers. 

George  H.  Babbitt,  Sergeant,  39th 

Charles  E.  Bailey,    -  1st  Rhode  Island 

W.  Whitman  Bailey,  10th     " 

Daniel  C.  Ballou,  -     12th     " 

Orville  A.  Barker,  39th  Massachusetts 

George  B.  Barrows.  10th  Rhode  Island         " 

John  T.  Blake,  Sergeant,  1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

William  W.  Bliss,  Sergeant,  -     New  York  Ironsides  Regiment. 

James  W.  Blackwood,  10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

Amos  M.  Bowen,  -     1st        "         "  " 

Joseph  M.  Bradley,  1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

Charles  R.  Brayton,  Captain,  3d  Rhode  Island  Artillery. 

Edward  P.  Brown,  Lieutenant,  4th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

T.  Frederic  Brown,  Lieutenant,  1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

William  I.  Brown,  Lieutenant,        -  9th  New  Hampshire  Volunteers. 

Zephaniah  Brown,  l()th  Rhode  Island 

*  An  annual  sheet,  commenced  in  November,  1857,  and  published  under  the  auspices  of 
the  students. 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH 


59 


John  K.  Bucklyn,  Lieutenant,  - 

Israel  M.  Bullock, 

Henry  S.  Burrage,    - 

Christopher  C.  Burrows,  Sergeant, 

Charles  D.  Cady, 

Frank  H.  Carpenter,  Steward, 

Charles  H.  Chapman,  Adjutant, 

Edson  C.  Chick, 

John  S.  Chick, 

Charles  M    Corbin, 

David  P.  Corbin,  Lieutenant,     - 

Ellmer  L.  Corthell,  Lieutenant, 

Charles  C.  Cragin,    - 

Harry  C.  Cushing,  Lieutenant, 

Augustus  N.  Cunningham,  Major, 

William  P.  Davis,  Corporal, 

Edward  P.  Deacon,  Captain, 

James  A.  DeWolf, 

Frederic  A.  Dockray,  Lieutenant, 

Edgar  J.  Doe, 

John  K.  Dorrance,    - 

Samuel  K.  Dorrance,  Sergeant, 

William  W.  Douglas,  Lieutenant, 

Frank  W.  Draper, 

James  G.  Dougherty, 

Samuel  W.  Duncan,  Captain, 

G.  Lyman  Dwight,  Lieutenant, 

John  D.  Edgell,  Lieutenant, 

Forrest  F.  Emerson, 

David  Fales, 

Hervey  A.  Foster,  Corporal, 

Simeon  Gallup,  Sergeant, 

Clarence  T.  Gardner,  Lieutenant, 

Henry  G.  Gay,  Sergeant, 

Edward  K.  Glezen,  Sergeant  Major,   - 

Josiah  R.  Goddard, 

Charles  W.  Greene, 

James  B.  M.  Grosvenor. 

Albert  E.  Hain, 


1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 
10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 
39th  Massachusetts        " 
1st  Rhode  Island  Cavalry. 
1st  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 
12th     " 
5th       " 
10th     " 


22d  Connecticut 

1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

4th  United  States  Light  Artillery. 

78th  New  York  Volunteers. 

9th  Rhode  Island 

Staff  of  General  Heintzelman. 

1st  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

3d  Rhode  Island  Artillery. 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteer*. 


5th 

35th  Massachusetts 

10th  Rhode  Island 

45th  Massachusetts        " 

1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

53d  Massachusetts  Volunteers. 

10th  Rhode  Island 

45th  Massachusetts        " 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

3d  Rhode  Island  Artillery. 

26th  Connecticut  Volunteers. 

10th  Rhode  Island       " 

llth      " 

35th  Massachusetts 

1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

10th  "  "      Volunteers. 


60 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


George  B.  Hanna, 

Charles  L.  Harrington, 

Frank  T.  Hazlewood, 

Charles  H.  Hidden,  - 

David  A.  Holmes, 

John  J.  Holmes, 

John  S.  Holmes, 

Wendall  P.  Hood,    - 

William  W.  Hoppin,     - 

Charles  E.  Hosmer,  - 

William  C.  Ivos, 

Hervey  F.  Jacobs,  Lieutenant,  - 

Pardon  S.  Jastram,  Lieutenant, 

Lcland  D.  Jencks,    - 

Kodolphus  H.  Johnson, 

Benjamin  D.  Jones,  Corporal,    - 

George  H.  Kenyon, 

Oscar  Lapham,  Lieutenant, 

Frank  W.  Love, 

Horace  W.  Love,  Lieutenant,     - 

Roger  W.  Love,  - 

Charles  F.  Mason,  Lieutenant,  - 

Matthew  M.  Meggett,   - 

Joshua  Mellen, 

George  H.  Messer, 

Frederic  A.  Mitchell,  Captain, 

J.  Albert  Monroe,  Major, 

Elisha  C.  Mowry,      - 

B.  Frank  Pabodie,  Corporal, 

Robert  H.  Paine, 

Addison  Parker,  Jr.;    - 

Alexander  Peckham, 

Stephen  F.  Peckham,  Hospital  Steward, 

Duncan  A.  Pell,  Captain, 

S.  Hartwell  Pratt, 

J.  Amon  Price, 

Hosea  M.  Quimby, 

James  H.  Remington,  Captain,  - 

John  W.  Rogers,  Captain, 


Illinois  Artillery. 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

3:1 

10th      " 


1st 
10th       " 

26th  Connecticut  Volunteers. 
1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

"       Volunteers. 
9th     " 
4th      " 
10th   " 

Staff  of  General  Wright. 
10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 
1st  "     Light  Artillery. 


10th 


Volunteers. 


Staff  of  General  Mitchell. 

1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

10th    "          "        Volunteers. 


9th  " 
7th  " 
Staff  of  General  Burnside. 

10 th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

«.         n         (i  K 

Maine  Volunteers. 

7th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

40th  Massachusetts 


HISTORICAL     SKETCH. 


Frederic  M.  Sackett,  Lieutenant, 

Mattson  C.  Sanborn,  Lieutenant, 

Nathaniel  T.  Sanders, 

Eugene  Sanger,    - 

Isaac  H.  Saunders,    - 

Livingston  Scott, 

Orville  B.  Seagraves, 

Edward  H.  Sears,  Lieutenant. 

George  W.  Shaw, 

Simmer  U.  Shearman,  Lieutenant, 

A.  Judson  Shurtleff, 

T.  Delap  Smith,  Lieutenant, 

Welcome  A.  Smith,  - 

Henry  K.  Southwick,  Lieutenant, 

Henry  J.  Spooner,  Lieutenant,  - 

Hebron  H.  Steere,  Sergeant, 

Orsnius  A.  Taft,  Corporal, 

John  Tetlow,  Corporal, 

Caleb  E.  Thayer, 

Francis  M.  Tyler, 

William  H.  Underbill, 

Levi  C.  Walker, 

Lewis  0.  Walker, 

Joseph  Wrard, 

Andrew  F.  Warren, 

Richard  Waterman,  Captain, 

Rufus  Waterman,  Midshipman,  - 

John  Whipple,  Jr.,  Captain, 

Edward  N.  Whittier,  Sergeant, 

James  C.  Williams,  Captain, 

William  C.  Witter,  - 

George  T.  Woodward,  - 


1st  Rhode  Island  Light  Artillery. 

2d  Maine  Volunteers. 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

New  Hampshire 

1st  Rhode  Island 

10th    " 


1st        " 

10th    " 

4th      «• 

9th      " 

41st  Massachusetts 

26th  Connecticut 

2d  Rhode  Island 

4th     " 


Jjight  Artillery. 
Volunteers. 


1st 
10th 


Uth 
10th 


Cavalry. 
Volunteers. 


1st      "         "        Cavalry. 

United  States  Navy. 

1st  Rhode  Island  Cavalry. 

2d  Maine  Battery. 

Staff  of  General  Mitchell. 

10th  Rhode  Island  Volunteers. 

39th  Massachusetts 


The  first  Seal  of  the  Corporation  was  procured  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Stillman,  of  Boston,  as  appears  by  a  vote  on  record,  passed 
at  the  second  annual  meeting,  held  at  Newport  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  September,  1765.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Corporation  held  in  1782,  after  the  war,  it  is  recorded,  that 


62 


BKOWN     UNIVERSITY. 


The  Chancellor,  the  President,  and  Henry  Ward,  Esq.,  were  appointed  a  com 
mittee  to  break  the  old  seal  of  the  College,  which  contains  the  busts  of  the  present 
King  and  Queen  of  Great  Britain  ;  and  to  agree  upon  a  new  seal  with  suitable  devices, 
to  be  made  of  silver,  and  to  report  their  proceedings  therein  to  this  Corporation. 

This  committee,  it  appears,  failed  to  do  their  work,  for,  at  the 
next  annual  meeting,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  President,  Joseph  Brown,  Esq.,  Doct.  Waterhouse  and  Doct. 
Drown,  be  a  committee  to  devise  and  get  a  new  seal  engraved  for  the  College  as  soon 
as  may  be. 

The  Seal  of  the  Corporation  now  in  use  was  devised  by  a 
committee  consisting  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wayland,  President,  Rev. 
Dr.  Crocker,  Secretary,  Moses  B.  Ives,  Esq.,  Treasurer,  and  Hon. 
Judge  Pitman.  It  was  adopted  September  3,  1834,  as  appears 
by  the  following  resolution  on  record : — 

Resolved,  That  the  Seal  of  the  Corporation  of  this  University  be  a  red  cross  on  a 
white  field,  between  four  open  books,  illuminated  by  a  sun  rising  amid  clouds,  bearing 
the  motto,  "!N  DEO  SPERAMUS,"  and  surrounded  by  a  band  inscribed  SIGILLUM 
UNIVKRSITATIS  BRUNENSIS. 


HISTORY 


COLLEGE    LIBRARY. 


177O-1866. 


LIBRARY. 


^ 


ITH  the  exception  of  a  few  books  procured  in  England 
through  the  agency  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  the 
College,  at  the  time  of  its  removal  from  Warren,  was  destitute  of 
a  Library.  To  supply  as  far  as  possible  this  deficiency,  the  Provi 
dence  Library  Company,  which,  according  to  the  late  John  How- 
land,  was  established  as  early  as  1753,  tendered  to  the  officers  and 
students  the  free  use  of  their  books  —  a  privilege  which  they 
continued  to  enjoy  many  years. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  addressed  by  the  Presi 
dent  to  Thomas  Llewelyn,  LL.  D.,  of  London,  shows  the  character 
and  the  extent  of  the  Library,  two  years  later.  The  letter  is 
dated  at  Providence,  February  21,  1772  : — 

The  College  edifice  is  erected  on  a  most  beautiful  eminence  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Providence,  commanding  a  charming  and  variegated  prospect ;  —  a  large,  neat,  brick 
building,  and  so  far  completed  as  to  receive  the  students  who  now  reside  there,  the 
whole  number  of  whom  is  twenty-two.  To  this  number  we  have  the  prospect  of  some 
further  additions,  although  our  increase  will  not  probably  be  large  until  we  are  better 
furnished  with  a  Library  and  Philosophical  Apparatus.  At  present  we  have  but  about 
two  hundred  and  fifty  volumes,  and  these  not  well  chosen,  being  such  as  our  friends 
could  best  spare. 

Dr.  Manning,  who  was  distinguished  in  those  early  days  for 
his  scholarly  attainments  and  liberal  views,  did  not  overestimate 


66  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  value  and  importance  of  a  Library,  in  connection  with  an 
institution  of  learning.  The  following  letter,  which  we  find  on 
file,  gives  the  titles  of  a  part  of  these  two  hundred  and  fifty 
volumes,  to  which  the  President,  in  his  correspondence,  alludes :  — 

NEWPORT,  May  16,  1771. 

REVEREND  SIR: —  I  have  received  the  undermentioned  books  by  the  Tristram, 
which  I  now  send  by  Mr.  Lindsey,  as  a  present  to  our  College ;  which  present,  though 
in  itself  small,  is  yet  sufficient  (perhaps)  to  testify  the  great  regard  and  esteem  which 
I  have  always  had,  and  I  hope  I  always  shall  have  for  the  Institution.  T  have  exam 
ined  them,  and  am  very  sorry  to  find  several  of  them  soiled  by  the  carelessness  of  a 
passenger,  which  hurts  the  looks  of  them  somewhat. 

LORD  KAIMES  on  Criticism,  2  vols.,  (4th  ed.,  8°,  Edin.,  1769);  REID  on  the 
Mind,  (3d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1709)  ;  WATTS'S  Philosophical  Essays,  (4th  ed.,  8°,  Lond., 
1733);  G-ROVE'S  Moral  Philosophy,  (2  vols.,  8°,  Lond.,  1749-50);  FENNING'S  Alge 
bra;  THOMPSON'S  Works;  WATTS  on  the  Passions,  (4th  ed.,  12°,  Lond,  1751); 
SPECTATOR,  (8  vols.,  12°,  Lond.,  1747)  ;  ROLLINS'S  Belles-Lettres,  (4  vols.,  12°, 
Lond.,  1769-70);  PARADISE  LOST  AND  REGAINED;  HURRION'S  Sermons,  (2  vols., 
8°,  Lond  ,  1727-9)  ;  ROBERTSON'S  History  of  Scotland,  (2  vols.,  8°,  Lond..  1761)  ; 
HISTORY  OP  ICELAND,  (By  Horrebow,  folio,  Lond.,  1758). 

I  remain,  Reverend  Sir,  your  sincere  friend  and  well  wisher, 

JOSEPH  D.  RUSSELL. 

Another  of  the  works  included  in  Dr.  Manning's  enumeration, 
was  LELAND'S  View  of  Deistical  Writers,  third  edition,  three  vol 
umes,  8°,  London,  1757,  presented  to  the  Library  in  1771,  by  the 
Rev.  John  Graves,  at  that  time  pastor  of  the  Episcopal  church 
in  Providence. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1772,  through  the  agency,  perhaps,  of 
Dr.  Llewelyn,  the  College  received  from  the  executors  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  John  Gill,  of  London,  the  distinguished  commentator, 
all  his  published  works,  together  with  fifty- two  folio  volumes  of 
the  Fathers,  etc.  This,  in  the  days  of  "small  things,"  was  a  noble 
gift,  and  greatly  augmented  the  treasures  of  the  Library. 

The  following  year,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Wallin,  of  London, 
presented  to  the  Library  his  published  works  in  ten  volumes, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  67 

"  neatly  bound  and  gilt,"  together  with  BUNYAN'S  Works,  in  six 
volumes,  BOOTH'S  Reign  of  Grace,  and  WILSON'S  Sermons.  Dona 
tions  were  also  received  from  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stennett,  and  others. 

In  1774,  we  find  on  record,  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Rev. 
Simon  Williams,  of  Wenham,  "  for  his  generous  donation  to  the 
College  Library,  of  CUDWORTH'S  Intellectual  System,  in  two  vol 
umes,  quarto." 

On  the  6th  of  December,  1776,  immediately  after  the  occupa 
tion  of  Newport  by  the  British  troops,  the  College  was  disbanded, 
and  the  College  building,  from  that  time  until  June,  1782,  as 
stated  in  our  Historical  Sketch,  was  occupied  for  barracks  and 
afterwards  for  a  hospital.  During  this  confused  period,  the  books 
were  removed  to  the  country  for  safe  keeping,  in  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  William  Williams,  of  Wrentham,  Massachusetts,  one  of  the 
class  of  seven  that  graduated  at  Warren  in  1769,  a  clergyman  of 
high  repute,  and  for  many  years  a  Fellow  of  the  College. 

At  the  reorganization  of  the  College  in  the  Autumn  of  1782, 
the  Hon.  Asher  Bobbins,  LL.  D.,  late  of  Newport,  was  appointed 
to  the  office  of  tutor,  and  took  charge  of  the  Library  as  librarian. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  September  5,  of  this  year, 
it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  College  Library,  which,  owing  to  the  public  confusions,  has  for 
several  years  been  in  the  country,  after  being  compared  and  examined  by  the  catalogue, 
be  immediately  brought  with  care  into  town,  that  the  books  may  be  made  use  of  by  the 
students,  as  formerly.  President  Manning  and  John  Jenckes,  Esq.,  are  requested  to 
see  this  order  forthwith  executed. 

The  Library  was  then  kept  in  the  east  chamber,  on  the  second 
floor  of  the  College  building,  in  what  is  now  known  as  the  Mathe 
matical  recitation  room.  Some  idea  of  its  condition  at  this  time 
may  be  learned  from  President  Manning's  correspondence.  "Our 
Library,"  he  writes  to  Rev.  Dr.  Stennett,  of  London,  "  consists  of 
about  five  hundred  volumes,  most  of  which  are  both  very  ancient 


68  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

and  very  useless,  as  well  as  very  ragged  and  unsightly."  At  the 
next  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held  September  3, 1783, 
it  was 

Voted,  That  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  Doct.  Benjamin  Waterhouee,  Doct.  Thomas 
Eyres,  and  Doct.  Solomon  Drown,  be  a  committee  to  immediately  solicit  subscriptions 
for  the  College,  in  Providence  and  Newport. 

Voted,  That  the  Chancellor,  the  President,  Joseph  Brown,  Esq.,  Mr.  Tutor  Rob- 
bins,  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  Doct.  Waterhouse,  and  Doct.  Drown  be  a  committee  to  make 
out  a  catalogue  of  philosophical  instruments  and  BOOKS,  to  be  purchased  by  the  above 
subscriptions. 

At  this  meeting,  "  Mr.  John  Brown,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Col 
lege,  offered,"  says  Manning,  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Stennett,  written 
two  months  afterward,  "to  give  a  sum  equal  to  what  all  the  other 
members  would  subscribe,  towards  procuring  an  addition  to  our 
little  Library,  and  a  philosophical  apparatus.  By  this  means  we 
obtained  subscriptions  for  near  <£700  lawful  money,  six  shillings 
to  the  dollar,  and  the  catalogues  are  being  made  out." 

In  a  letter  to  the  Eev.  Dr.  Evans,  President  of  the  Baptist 
Academy  in  Bristol,  England,  Manning,  under  date  of  September 
13,  1784,  further  writes :  "  We  have  ordered  out  from  London 
this  Fall  about  fourteen  hundred  volumes,  *  *  a  donation  from 
our  Treasurer,  John  Brown,  Esq.,  of  Providence.  The  amount  of 
two  hundred  pounds  sterling  was  also  ordered  to  be  expended  in 
the  purchase  of  a  necessary  philosophical  apparatus,  in  addition 
to  what  we  already  have,  consisting  chiefly  of  a  telescope,  an  air 
pump  and  its  apparatus,  globes,  and  a  thermometer.  The  money 
for  this  order  was  subscribed  by  other  members  of  the  Corpora 
tion  last  Fall."  A  list  of  these  fourteen  hundred  volumes,  with 
the  prices,  is  now,  we  may  add,  on  file  among  the  College  archives. 
To  the  bibliographer  and  the  antiquary,  it  constitutes  a  document 
of  special  interest.  The  selection  was  made  chiefly  by  President 
Manning  and  the  Chancellor,  Gov.  Hopkins,  both  of  whom  were 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  69 

well  versed  in  English  literature,  and  excellent  judges  of  good 
books. 

The  following  books  were  imported  at  this  time  by  Mr.  Moses 
Brown,  at  a  cost  of  £18  2s  Id  sterling,  and  by  him  presented  to 
the  College  Library.  Mr.  Brown  was  the  younger  brother  of  the 
Treasurer,  and  the  distinguished  patron  of  the  Friends'  Boarding 
School.  The  books  are  mostly  in  illustration  of  the  principles  of 
the  religious  denomination  to  which  he  was  attached ; — many  of 
them  are  now  rare  and  of  great  value.  We  give  the  original 
prices,  as  we  find  them  in  a  list  on  file :  — 

£  5.  d. 
GEORGE  Fox's  Journal,  3d  ed.,  folio,  Lond.,   1765,        -  -     0  15  0 

-  Gospel  Truth  Demonstrated,  folio,  Lond.,  1706,  0120 
YEARLY  MEETING  Epistles,  from  1675  to  1759,  folio,  Lond.,  1760,         -     0     6  0 
ROBERT  BARCLAY'S  Works,  3  vols.,  8°,  Lond.,  1718-36,                               0  13  0 

Apology,  in  Latin,  2d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1729,  -         -     0     4  0 

WILLIAM  PENN'S  Select  Works,  5  vols.,  8°,  Lond.,  1782,  126 

THOMAS  ELWOOD'S  Sacred  History,  4th  ed.,  3  vols.,  8°,  Lond.,  1778,  0  15  0 

Life,  3d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1765,  030 
RICHARD  CLARIDGE'S  Life  and  Posthumous  Works,  8°,  Lond.,  1726,        -     0     4  3 

On  the  Holy  Scriptures,  8°,  Lond.,  1751,  016 

GEORGE  WHITEHEAD'S  Christian  Progress,  8°,  Lond.,  1725,  -     0     4  6 

ALEXANDER  ARSCOTT'S  Considerations,  3d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1779,  026 

JOHN  FOTHERGILL'S  Life  and  Travels,  2d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1773,  -              033 

DR.  JOHN  FOTHERGILL'S  Account  of  Ackworth  School,      -  0     0  9£ 

BIRD'S  Tribute  to  Memory  of  Dr.  Fothergill,  009 

SERMONS  of  QUAKERS;  taken  in  Short-Hand,  8°,  Lond.,  1775,  026 

JOHN  BUTTY'S  Materia  Medica,  4°,  Rotterdam,  1775,  -     1     0  0 

-  Spiritual  Diary,  2  vols.,  12°,  Lond.,  1776,  060 
WHITING'S  Life  of  John  Gratton,  12°,  Lond.,  1779,  -     0     1  8 
WILLIAM  CROUCH  on  Covetousness,  8°,  Lond.,  1708,  023 
SEWELL'S  History  of  the  Quakers,  2d  ed.,  folio,  Lond.,  1725,  -     1     0  0 
JOSEPH  PHIPPS'S  Original  State  of  Man,  8°,  Lond.,  1767,  030 
SAMUEL  FOTHINGILL  on  Life  of  Holiness,  etc.,  2d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1761,        030 
JOHN  WOOLMAN'S  Works,  2d  ed.,  8°,  Phila.,  1775,  060 
JOHN  CHURCHMAN'S  Life,  -     0     3  6 
PIETY  PROMOTED,  8th  Part,              030 


70  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

£  d.  s. 
BISHOP'S  New  England  judged,  (including  Whiting's  Truth  and  Tnno 

cency  defended,)  8°,  Lond.,  1702-3,  -  0  6  0 

Life  of  SAMUEL  BOWNAS,  2d  ed.,  8°,  Lond.,  1761,  030 

Life  of  JOHN  RICHARDSON,  3d  ed.,  8°r  Lond.,  1774,  -  0  4  0 

JOHN  WHITING'S  Persecution  Exposed,  4°,  Lond.,  1715,  066 

MARTIN'S  New  Principles  of  Geography,  folio,  Lond.,  1758,  -  0  15  0 

One  old  very  large  map  of  North  America,  0  12  0 

DR.  JOHN  FOTHERGILL'S  Works,  3  vols.,  8°,  Lond.,  1783-4,  1  11  6 
Two  volumes  of  miscellaneous  works  by  Sophia  Hume,  Deborah  Bell, 

Mary  Brooks,   Homes,  Claridge,  Foster,  Wilkinson,   Bess,  etc.,  1      0     0 

£18     2     7 

During  this  same  year,  1784,  John  Tanner, Esq., of  Newport,  one 
of  the  early  members  of  the  Corporation,  presented  to  the  Library 
one  hundred  and  thirty-five  volumes  of  miscellaneous  books,  most  of 
which,  as  appears  from  a  list  on  file,  were  religious  in  their  char 
acter.  Many  of  them  are  now  of  special  value  as  illustrating  the 
ecclesiastical  history  of  New  England;  —  among  which  maybe 
mentioned :  BACKUS'S  Church  History,  Sermons  by  COLEMAN  and 
CALLENDER,  MORTON'S  New  England  Memorial,  COTTON  MATHER'S 
Remarkables,  MORGAN  EDWARDS'S  Materials  for  Baptist  History, 
EDWARDS'S  Narrative,  Collection  of  Sermons  by  Lathrop,  Cooper, 
Williams,  Backus,  Mather,  etc.,  etc. 

During  this  same  year  also,  the  Hon.  Granville  Sharp,  LL.  D., 
of  London,  with  whom  Manning  corresponded,  presented  to  the 
Library  his  own  publications,  which  were  numerous,  together 
with  a  set  of  the  works  of  his  grandfather.  Dr.  John  Sharp,  Arch 
bishop  of  York.  He  subsequently  sent  other  valuable  presents 
to  the  Library.  In  the  correspondence  of  Manning  we  also  find 
mention  of  a  set  of  SAURIN'S  Sermons,  presented  by  Thomas  Mul- 
lett,  Esq.,  a  brother-in-law  of  Dr.  Caleb  Evans,  of  Bristol. 

These  various  donations  increased  the  Library,  so  that  it  now 
contained,  says  Manning,  "  upwards  of  two  thousand  volumes." 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  71 

In  a  letter  dated  Bristol,  September  5,  1785,  Dr.  Evans  thus 
writes  to  the  President :  "  At  our  late  annual  meeting  of  the 
Education  Society  here,  August  24,  I  obtained  a  vote  in  favor  of 
your  College,  respecting  the  many  valuable  books  we  have  to 
dispose  of,  and  am  empowered  to  send  such  as  I  may  approve  of. 
I  shall  take  an  early  opportunity  of  doing  this,  and  when  received 
shall  hope  for  the  favor  of  a  line  from  you." 

This  handsome  donation — consisting  of  sixty-one  folio  vol 
umes,  twenty-five  quartos,  fifty-eight  octavos,  and  five  duodecimos, 
in  all  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  well-bound  volumes,  including 
several  Fathers  of  the  Church  and  standard  works  in  science, 
history,  literature  and  the  classics — was  received  early  the  fol 
lowing  year.  Among  the  folios  may  be  mentioned :  WALTON'S 
Biblia  Sacra  Polyglotta,  with  CASTELL'S  Lexicon ;  BAYLE'S  Diction 
ary;  CHAMBERS'S  Cyclopaedia;  BIOGRAPHIA  BRITANNICA;  OWEN  on 
the  Hebrews,  and  the  Holy  Spirit ;  NESS'S  History  and  Mystery 
of  the  Bible  ;  POOL'S  Annotations ;  CHILLINGWORTH'S  Works ;  WHIT- 
BY'S  Commentary ;  CENTURIATORES  MAGDEBURGICI  ;  WYNNE'S  Life  of 
Jenkins ;  JOSEPHI  Opera ;  SHAW'S  and  POCOCK'S  Travels ;  Dio  CAS- 
sn  Historia  Romana ;  BURNET'S  Reformation ;  PLINII  Historia 
Na turalis ;  WARD'S  Lives  of  the  Professors  of  Gresham  College ; 
FIDDES'S  Life  of  Cardinal  Wolsey,  etc.  SHERIDAN'S  Lectures,  NEAL'S 
History  of  the  Puritans,  JORTIN'S  Life  of  Erasmus,  SALES'S  Koran, 
GILL'S  Body  of  Divinity,  OWEN  on  Justification,  and  QUINTILIANI 
Institutiones,  are  among  the  quartos.  Such  evidences  of  kind 
feeling  on  the  part  of  those  with  whom  this  country  had  so 
recently  been  at  war,  must  have  been  highly  gratifying  at  the 
time,  as  they  most  certainly  are  even  at  the  present  day.  This 
"  Education  Society"  was  founded  in  the  year  1780,  in  aid  of  the 
Baptist  Academy  at  Bristol,  « to  the  end  that  dissenting  congre 
gations,  especially  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  in  any  part  of 
the  British  dominions,  might  be  more  effectually  supplied  with  a 


72  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

succession  of  able  and  evangelical  ministers."  The  Society  has 
been  eminently  useful.  It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  very 
valuable  library,  containing  the  collection  of  books,  paintings, 
etc.,  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Andrew  Giffbrd,  for  many  years  sub-librarian 
of  the  British  Museum,  and  also  the  collection  of  Dr.  Llewelyn. 

The  following  by-laws,  adopted  by  the  Corporation  at  a  special 
meeting  held  December  23,  1785,  may  be  interesting  as  a  part  of 
our  history.  They  certainly  show  that  the  literary  treasures 
of  the  small  and  unpretending  Library  of  two  thousand  volumes, 
were  thoroughly  appreciated  by  its  conservators,  and  guarded 
with  jealous  care  : — 

I.  Voted  and  resolved,  That  in  addition  to  the  former  regulations  for  the  College 
Library,  the  librarian  keep  the  library  room  neat  and  clean,  and,  in  delivering  out 
books,  he  shall  suffer  none  of  the  students  to  derange  or  handle  them  on  the  shelves ; 
nor  shall  the  students  pass  into  the  library  room  beyond  the  table  at  which  the  librarian 
sits,  agreeably  to  a  regulation  hereafter  mentioned ;   and  the  students  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  in  and  deliver  out  books  according  to  their  order  of  entering  the  library 
room. 

6.  He  shall  demand  and  receive  a  fine  of  six  pence  for  every  time  it  shall  come 
to  his  knowledge  that  any  student  hath  suffered  a  library  book,  by  him  taken  out,  to 
be  uncovered  in  his  possession,  which  fine  shall  be  paid  under  like  penalty  as  money 
assessed  for  books  damaged, 

7.  No  student  or  graduate  shall  presume  to  lend  to  any  person  a  book  belonging 
to  the  Library,  on  penalty  of  forfeiting  the  value  thereof,  and  the  privilege  of  the 
Library  till  such  forfeiture  be  paid. 

II.  He  shall  deliver  the  key  to  none,  on  any  occasion,  except  to  an  officer  of 
instruction.     And  no  officer  of  instruction  shall  presume  to  take  out  a  book  unless  the 
librarian,  or  a  person  deputed  by  him  be  present  to  take  the  receipt  required . 

12.  He  shall  open  the  library  room  on  such  day  of  the  week  as  the  President  shall 
from  time  to  time  direct,  and  shall  keep  it  open  from  one  to  three  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon. 

16.  A  standing  committee  shall  be  annually  appointed  to  superintend  the  conduct 
of  the  librarian  and  to  audit  his  accounts,  *  *  *  and  the  President,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Hitchcock  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Oliver  are  appointed  a  committee,  etc.,  till  the  next 
annual  meeting. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  William  Wilkinson  be,  and  he  is,  hereby  elected  and  appointed 
librarian. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  73 

Continuing  our  extracts  from  the  records  of  the  Corporation, 
we  find,  under  date  of  September  6,  1787 :  — 

Voted  and  resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Mr.  John 
Francis,  for  his  valuable  donation  of  books  to  this  College,  and  that  the  privilege  of 
the  Library  be  granted  to  him. 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Rev.  Benjamin 
Foster,  of  Newport,  for  his  donation  of  the  Septuagint,  and  an  ancient  edition  of 
Horace. 

September  4,  1788  :  Voted,  That  the  graduates  of  this  College  write,  or  procure  to 
be  written,  fair  copies  of  their  Commencement  Exercises,  and  have  them  bound  in  a 
handsome  volume,  annually,  at  their  expense,  to  be  deposited  in  the  College -Library. 

Voted,  That  a  particular  part  of  the  library  room  be  appropriated  for  the  reception 
of  the  works  of  American  authors. 

September  2,  1790  :  Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  by 
the  President  to  Dr.  Hitchcock,  for  the  present  of  his  valuable  books  entitled,  Domestic 
Memoirs,  in  2  vols.,  12°,  to  this  College. 

September  6,  1792  :  Voted,  That  $25  per  annum  be  allowed  and  paid  to  each 
of  the  former  librarians  for  their  attention  to  and  discharge  of  their  duty  in  that 
appointment. 

April  4,  1793  :  Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  the 
Rev.  in-  Belknap,  for  the  generous  and  unexpected  donation  of  his  History  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  that  a  copy  of  this  note  be  delivered  Dr.  Hitchcock,  and  he  be 
requested  to  transmit  the  same  to  Dr.  Belknap. 

Voted,  That  Mr.  Howell,  who  lias  now  in  his  possession  the  valuable  donation  of 
law  books,  presented  by  Mr.  Nicholas  Brown  to  this  College,  be  explicitly  informed 
that  the  Corporation  expect  he  will  take  due  care  of  them,  by  having  them  covered, 
that  whenever  they  are  deposited  in  the  Library,  they  may  appear  in  good  order,  that 
the  donor  may  not  suffer  the  imputation  of  presenting  books  damaged  or  impaired ;  and 
that  Mr.  Howell  also  be  informed  that  the  Corporation  expect  he  will  attend  and  read 
a  course  of  lectures  to  the  students  in  College,  at  least  once  a  year,  agreeably  to  his 
appointment  as  Professor  of  Law. 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Mrs.  Hope  Ives,  for 
her  generous  and  acceptable  donation  of  the  American  edition  of  the  Encyclopaedia 
Britannica  to  the  College  Library,  and  that  the  treasurer  transmit  her  a  copy  of  this 
vote. 

Voted,  That  the  librarian  be  directed  to  notify  by  a  billet  the  members  of  the 
Corporation,  and  all  others  who  have  had  books  out  of  the  Library  longer  than  the  time 
allowed  by  law,  that  the  same  must  be  returned  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  June 
10 


74  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

next ;  and  that  he  also  inform  them  that  in  case  of  their  non  compliance  with  this  vote, 
the  money  will  be  demanded  of  them  for  said  books 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Mr.  Nicholas  Brown, 
for  his  valuable  donation  of  law  books  to  this  Institution,  and  that  the  secretary  deliver 
Mr.  Brown  a  copy  of  this  vote. 

The  lasirmentioned  vote  refers  to  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown, 
from  whom,  as  we  have  already  stated  in  our  Historical  Sketch, 
the  University  derives  its  name.  He  commenced  his  princely 
benefactions  to  the  College  by  the  donation  of  five  hundred  dol 
lars  for  the  purchase  of  a  law  library.  In  a  letter  to  the  Corpo 
ration  he  says  :  u  I  make  this  donation  under  a  deep  impression 
of  the  generous  intentions  of  my  honored  father,  deceased,  towards 
the  College  in  this  town,  as  well  as  from  my  own  personal  feelings 
towards  the  Institution  in  which  I  received  my  education,  and 
from  a  desire  to  promote  literature  in  general,  and  in  particular 
the  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  our  country,  under  the  influence 
whereof  not  only  our  property  but  our  lives  and  dearest  privileges 
are  protected." 

The  books,  numbering  about  three  hundred  volumes,  were 
purchased  of  Whieldon  &  Butterworth,  London,  at  a  cost  of 
£112  3s  sterling.  The  selection  was  made  by  the  Hon.  David 
Howell,  to  whose  care  and  keeping,  it  appears,  they  were  for  a 
time  consigned.  Among  the  more  expensive  works,  according  to 
the  original  bill,  which  is  on  file,  may  be  mentioned :  BACON'S 
Abridgment,  5  vols.,  folio,  £5  15*  6tf;  COKE  upon  Littleton,  folio, 
£3  8* ;  DURNFORD  &  EAST'S  Reports,  4  vols.,  folio,  £8  8*  ;  SWINBURNE 
on  Wills,  quarto,  £3  10s  ;  DOMAT'S  Civil  Law,  2  vols.,  folio.  £2  5s ; 
VINER'S  Abridgment,  24  volumes,  8°,  £14  8s;  GROTIUS  on  War 
and  Peace,  folio,  £2  ;  PUFFENDORF'S  Law  of  Nature,  folio,  £3  3s ; 
BRACTON'S  De  Legibus  Anglic,  folio,  £2  2s,  (according  to  Sir 
William  Jones,  "  the  best  of  judicial  classics");  COKE'S  Reports, 
7  volumes,  8°,  £4  4*;  WESKETT  on  Insurance,  folio,  £2  10s; 
BLACKSTONE'S  Reports,  folio,  £2  5* ;  BROWN'S  Reports,  2  vols.,  folio, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  75 

£3  10s;  CORPUS  JURIS  CIVILIS,  2  vols.,  folio,  £2  5s;  WOODESON'S 
Lectures,  2  vols.,  8°,  £1  4s ;  KEEVES'S  History  of  English  Law,  4 
vols.,  8°,  £1  10s ;  ADDLNGTON'S  Penal  Statutes,  quarto,  £1  9s. 

Continuing  our  extracts  from  the  records,  we  find,  under  date 
of  September  4,  1794  :  — 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Messrs.  John  Carter 
and  William  Wilkinson,  for  the  donation  of  the  following  valuable  books,  to  wit : 
WATSON'S  Apology,  1  vol.  ;  PRICE'S  Sermons,  1  vol. ;  MOORE'S  Journal,  2  vols.  ; 
ORTON'S  Letters,  1  vol.  ;  DODDKIDGE'S  Sermons,  1  vol. 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Dr.  Rippon,  of  Lon 
don,  for  his  donation  to  the  College  of  BICHENO'S  Friendly  Address  to  the  Jews. 

April  26,  1796  :  Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to 
Rev.  Dr.  Prince,  for  his  very  valuable  donation  to  the  College  Library  of  Lectures  on 
Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy,  by  GTEORGS  ADAMS,  comprised  in  five  elegant 
volumes. 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Mrs.  Avis  Brown,  for 
her  valuable  donation  to  the  College  Library  of  DR.  CAMPBELL'S  Critical  Remarks  on 
the  New  Testament,  ;md  his  Translation  of  the  Four  Evangelists. 

September  6,  1796  :  Voted,  That  the  Freshman  class  be,  in  future,  admitted  to  the 
use  of  the  College  Library  on  the  same  terms  as  the  other  students. 

It  appears  by  the  report  of  the  library  committee,  that  several  persons,  to  whom 
books  have  been  loaned,  neglected  to  return  them,  in  violation  of  the  laws  made  to 
secure  a  seasonable  return  of  such  books ;  which  the  Corporation  consider  as  an  evil  of 
great  magnitude.  It  is  therefore. 

Voted,  That  the  librarian  be,  and  he  is,  hereby  directed  to  apply  a  speedy  and 
vigorous  execution  of  the  enacted  laws,  and  that  he  fail  not  to  make  report  of  his  pro 
ceedings  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Corporation. 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  the  Rev.  Mr.  Backus, 
for  his  present  to  the  College  library  of  the  third  volume  of  his  Church  History  of 
New  England. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Benson,  who  this  year  resigned 
his  place  in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  is  deserving  of  mention. 
The  author,  it  may  be  observed,  was  formerly  a  wealthy  mer 
chant  of  Providence ;  his  mansion,  on  the  corner  of  Prospect 
and  Angell  streets,  is  now  occupied  by  the  Watson  family : — 


76  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

SEPTEMBER  3d,  1801. 

SIR  :  —  Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  request  the  Corporation  to  accept  the  following 
trifling  donation  for  the  College  Library,  viz.  :  Thoughts  on  Religion,  Natural  and 
Revealed,  and  Reflexions  on  the  Sources  of  Incredulity,  etc  ,  in  two  volumes,  by  the 
Right  Honorable  DUNCAN  FORBKS.  This  is  a  scarce  though  celebrated  performance. 
A  Vindication  of  the  Divine  Inspiration  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  in  answer  to  Paine's 
Age  of  Reason,  by  THOMAS  SCOTT,  chaplain  to  the  Lock  Hospital.  Discourses  on  the 
Genuineness  and  Authenticity  of  the  New  Testament,  and  on  the  Nature  and  Danger 
of  Infidel  Philosophy,  by  the  Rev.  PRESIDENT  DWIGHT.  A  Summary  of  the  Evi 
dences  of  Christianity,  by  JOHN  FAWCETT.  The  Gospel  its  own  Witness,  by  ANDREW 
FULLER,  D.  D.,  to  which  is  subjoined,  a  Summary  of  the  Principal  Evidences  for  the 
Truth  and  Divine  Origin  of  the  Christian  Revelation,  by  the  BISHOP  ov  LONDON. 

May  the  pernicious  errors  detected  and  refuted  in  the  preceding  productions  be 
forever  excluded  from  the  College,  and  may  the  important  truths  they  inculcate  and 
enforce,  prevail  and  abound  therein. 

I  am,  dear  Sir,  assuredly  your  Mend, 

Mr.  President  Maxcy.  GKORGB  BENSON' 

Continuing  our  extracts,  we  find  as  follows:  — 

September  5,  1805  :  Mr.  Nicholas  Brown  having  offered  to  this  University,  in 
addition  to  all  his  other  donations,  the  sum  of  five  hundred  dolhu-s,  to  be  vested  in 
books  for  the  Library,  it  is  therefore 

Voted,  That  five  hundred  dollars  be  added  thereto,  payable  out  of  any  money  in  the 
treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  for  the  same  use.  And  that  Nicholas  Brown,  Doct. 
Solomon  Drown,  Hon,  David  L,  Barnes,  and  the  Secretary  be  a  committee  for  procur 
ing  such  books,  and  causing  them  to  be  placed  in  the  Library  of  the  I'nivemly. 

Dr.  James  Mann,  of  Wrentham,  Massachusetts,  having  presented  to  this  Univer 
sity  GRAVESANDE'S  Philosophy,  2  vols.,  4°,  and  SCNLUTTER'S  Essay  on  Mines,  (IN 
FRENCH,)  2  vols.,  4°, 

Voted,  That  the  President  return  him  the  thanks  of  this  Corpoiatiun  th -refor. 

September  3,  1807  :  Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to 
Doctor  Baldwin  for  the  following  books  presented  by  him  to  the  University,  to  wit : 
BIBLIOTHECA  GVvssiCA,  History  of  the  Reign  of  Philip  III,  BALDWIN  on  Baptism, 
and  the  Doctrine  of  Eternal  Misery  reconcilable  with  the  Benevolence  of  God. 

The  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  of  Middleborough,  Massachusetts, 
author  of  the  Church  History  of  New  England,  who  died  in  1806, 
in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his  age  and  the  sixtieth  of  his  ministry, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LIBRARY.  77 

bequeathed  to  the  College  a  part  of  his  library.  The  extent  or 
value  of  this  bequest  it  is  now  impossible  to  determine,  as  no 
record  was  made  of  it  at  the  time.  Among  the  books  thus  pre 
sented,  however,  there  is  one  which  deserves  particular  mention. 
It  is  a  copy  of  ROGER  WILLIAMS'S  Bloody  Tenent  yet  more  Bloody, 
being  the  copy  originally  presented  by  Williams  to  his  friend  and 
fellow  laborer,  Dr.  John  Clarke.  On  a  blank  leaf  it  contains  the 
following  words  in  Roger  Williams's  hand-writing  :  "  For  his  hon 
oured  and  beloved  Mr.  John  Clarke,  an  eminent  Witnes  of  Christ 
Jesus,  ag'st  ye  bloodie  Doctrine  of  persecution,"  etc. 
The  following  appears  on  record:— 

1816,  September  5  :  Dr.  Rippon  having  transmitted  to  this  Corporation,  The 
History  of  the  Human  Teeth,  by  JOSEPH  Fox,  which  book  was  by  Mr.  Fox  in  his  life 
time  put  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Rippon,  to  be  transmitted  as  a  present  to  this  Corporation, 

Voted,  That  the  same  be  received  with  thankfulness,  and  placed  in  the  College 
Library,  inscribed  with  the  donor's  name,  as  a  donation  to  this  College. 

1818,  September  3  :  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bolles  having  stated  that  he  was  authorized 
by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Carlile,  of  Salem,  to  say  that  Mr.  Carlile  will  present  to  this 
Institution  such  theological  books  as  may  be  desired, 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  presented  to  Mr.  Carlile  for  his 
generous  offer ;  that  a  catalogue  of  the  books  in  the  College  Library  be  sent  to  him,  in 
order  that  he  may  furnish  the  Institution  such  other  books  as  he  may  think  proper ; 
and  that  Mr  Bolles  be  requested  to  present  a  copy  of  this  vote,  and  the  said  catalogue, 
to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Carlile. 

Mr.  Carlile  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  in  the  class  of  1809, 
and  for  several  years  was  rector  of  St.  Peter's  church  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts.  Agreeably  to  his  intentions,  as  expressed  in  the 
foregoing  vote,  he  made  the  following  year  a  splendid  donation 
to  the  Library,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  three  volumes, 
mostly  in  quarto,  comprising  the  best  editions  of  the  works  of 
the  celebrated  French  mathematicians,  EULER,  LACROIX,  LAGRANGE, 
LAPLACE,  etc.,  besides  many  valuable  theological  works. 

The  next,  and  the  most  valuable  of  all  the  donations  to  the 
Library,  which  we  have  thus  far  recorded,  is  the  legacy  of  the 


78  BBOWN    UNIVERSITY. 

Rev.  William  Richards,  LL.  D.,  of  Lynn,  England.  Mr.  Richards* 
was  a  native  of  South  Wales.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  had  been 
at  school  only  one  year.  From  this  time  till  the  twenty-fourth 
year  of  his  age,  when  he  entered  the  academy  at  Bristol,  he 
received  no  instruction.  But  his  application  to  study  was  vigor 
ous  and  persevering.  He  remained  at  Bristol  two  years.  After 
preaching  for  a  short  time  as  an  assistant  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  John 
Ash,  of  Pershore,  he  accepted  an  invitation  from  the  Baptist 
church  at  Lynn,  to  become  their  pastor,  and  entered  upon  his 
public  ministry  in  that  town,  July  7,  1776,  where  he  continued 
to  reside — more  than  half  of  the  time  as  pastor  of  the  church  — 
till  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1818,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of 
his  age. 

Mr.  Richards  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  considerable  learn 
ing,  particularly  in  English  and  Welsh  history,  and  in  the  Welsh 
language  and  literature.  His  writings  are  historical,  political  and 
controversial.!  His  most  important  work  is  the  History  of  Lynn, 
in  two  volumes,  8°.  Dr.  Evans  says  of  it :  "  It  is  not  only  well 
written,  the  style  perspicuous  and  manly,  but  it  is  replete  with 
information  as  well  as  entertainment."  His  Review  of  Noble's 
Memoirs  of  the  Protectoral  House  of  Cromwell,  is  characterised 
by  LowndesJ  as  "severe,  but  at  the  same  time  just."  "His 
Dictionary  of  Welsh  and  English,"  says  Dr.  Evans,  "  a  work  of 
minute  and  wearisome  labor,  is  in  high  repute."  Mr.  Richards 
was  of  the  General  Baptist  denomination,  and  a  strong  advocate 
of  religious  liberty.  It  was  his  love  of  the  liberal  character  of 
this  Institution,  which  induced  him  to  bestow  upon  it  his  library, 
as  appears  from  the  following  passage  in  his  Memoirs :  "'  Mr. 

*See  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Rev.  William  Richards,  LL.  D.,  hy  John 
Evans,  LL.  1).,  of  Ihlington.  12rno.,  Chi.swick,  1319. 

fFor  a  list,  of  his  writings  —  comprising  nearly  the  whole  —  see  under  his  nsimo  in  the 
Catalogue  of  the  Library. 

|  Bibliographer's  Manual. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  79 

Richards  had  corresponded  with  Dr.  James  Manning,  once  Presi 
dent  of  the  Baptist  College  in  Rhode  Island.  From  this  gentle 
man  he  learned  the  liberal  constitution  of  that  respectable  Semi 
nary,  and  for  some  years  previous  to  his  death  meant  to  bequeath 
to  it  his  library.*  He  accordingly  made  inquiry  of  Dr.  Rogers,  (of 
Philadelphia,)  whether  it  was  still  conducted  on  the  same  liberal 
footing,  in  which  case  he  should  cherish  the  same  generous  inten 
tions  towards  it."  This  inquiry  was  answered  by  Dr.  Messer,  then 
President  of  the  College,  in  a  letter  from  which  we  extract  the 
following  passage :  "  Though  the  charter  requires  that  the 
President  shall  forever  be  a  Baptist,  it  allows  neither  him,  in  his 
official  character,  nor  any  other  officer  of  instruction,  to  incul 
cate  any  sectarian  doctrine ;  it  forbids  all  religious  tests ;  and  it 
requires  that  all  denominations  of  Christians,  behaving  alike, 
shall  be  treated  alike.  The  charter  is  congenial  with  the  whole 
of  the  civil  government  established  here  by  the  venerable  Roger 
Williams,  who  allowed  no  religious  tests,  and  no  preeminence  of 
one  denomination  over  another ;  and  none  has  ever  been  allowed 
unto  this  day.  This  charter  is  also  congenial  with  the  present 
spirit  of  this  State  and  of  this  town." 

Gratified  with  this  letter,  Mr.  Richards  bequeathed  his  library, 
consisting  of  about  thirteen  hundred  volumes,  to  Brown  Univer 
sity.  The  original  manuscript  catalogue  of  his  library,  written 
in  a  large  round  hand,  has  recently  been  deposited  in  the  College 
archives.  It  is  a  singular  fact  that  the  will  of  the  donor  was 
made  on  the  very  day  on  which  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  College.  Mr.  Richards 
had  received  no  intimation  that  the  honor  was  intended  for  him, 
nor  did  he  live  to  hear  that  it  had  been  bestowed. 

The  library  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  College  is  in  many 
respects  valuable.  It  contains  a  considerable  number  of  Welsh 

*Soc  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pp.  441-47. 


80  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

books,  a  large  collection  of  valuable  works,  illustrating  the  his 
tory  and  antiquities  of  England  and  Wales ;  besides  two  or  three 
hundred  bound  volumes  of  pamphlets,  some  of  which  are  very 
ancient,  rare  and  curious.  Not  a  few  of  these  pamphlets  will  be 
prized  by  the  future  historian,  as  illustrations  of  the  progress  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty. 

During  the  year  1824,  fifty-four  volumes  of  valuable  scientific 
works,  including  CLOQUET'S  Anatomie,  LAMARCK'S  and  DECANDOLLE'S 
Flore  Francaise,  CUVIER'S  Regne  Animal,  and  WILKIN'S  Yitruvius, 
were  presented  by  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown  and  Mr.  Robert  Hale 
Ives.  Often,  since  that  time,  the  names  of  these  gentlemen 
appear  among  the  benefactors  of  the  Library. 

For  the  next  valuable  accession  to  the  Library,  designated 
"  the  subscription  of  1825,"  the  College  is  indebted  to  the  efforts 
of  Mr.  Horatio  Gates  Bowen,  who  was  librarian  of  the  Institution 
from  1824  to  1841.  At  his  request  several  of  the  friends  of  the 
College  subscribed  eight  hundred  and  forty  dollars,  which  sum 
was  expended  in  the  purchase  of  books.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  the  subscribers,  copied  from  the  original  subscription 
book :  — 

Edward  Carrington.  $200 1  Sullivan  Dorr.     -  -       $50 

Thomas  P.  Ives,  200  j  Thomas  L.  Halsey.  50 

Moses  B.  Ives,    -  50   Nathaniel  Searle,  10 

Robert  H.  Ives,  50  I  Tristam  Burgos,  10 

James  Rhodes,    -  50  <  John  D' Wolf,     -  10 

John  Carter  Brown,  50  !  Lucius  Bolles,  10 

Samuel  G.  Arnold,      -  50 1  

Amasa  Mason,  50 1      Total,     -  -     $840 

On  the  return  of  Professor  Elton  from  Europe,  in  1827,  dona 
tions  were  received  through  him,  from  several  distinguished  gen 
tlemen  in  England,  in  all  two  hundred  and  eighty-three  volumes; 
besides  eighty-five  volumes  of  classical  and  miscellaneous  works, 
purchased  by  him  at  the  order  of  Messrs.  Brown  &  Ives. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LIBRARY.  81 

The  libraries  of  the  Philophysian  and  Franklin  Societies,  com 
posed  of  undergraduates,  when  these  societies  became  extinct, 
were,  by  a  provision  in  their  constitutions,  incorporated  with  the 
College  Library.  They  together  contained  three  hundred  or  four 
hundred  volumes. 

The  government  of  Great  Britain  presented  during  the  years 
1835-8,  one  hundred  and  ten  volumes  of  the  publications  of  the 
Record  Commission. 

In  1838,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  H.  Bartol,  wife  of  Rev.  Cyrus  A. 
Bartol,  D.  D.,  of  Boston,  and  Mrs.  Hepsy  S.  Wayland,  wife  of  Presi 
dent  Wayland,  presented  three  hundred  and  fifty-six  volumes  of 
standard  works  in  French  and  Italian  literature. 

The  Rev.  Jonathan  Homer,  D.  D.,  of  Newton,  Massachusetts, 
at  various  times  made  valuable  donations  of  rare  and  costly 
theological  books,  including  some  valuable  editions  of  the  Bible. 
Many  of  these  contain  copious  and  useful  manuscript  annotations 
by  the  learned  donor. 

In  January,  1842,  the  Hon.  Theron  Metcalf,  LL.  D.,  of  Boston, 
a  graduate  of  the  College  in  the  class  of  1805,  presented  to  the 
Library  a  collection  of  thirty  volumes  of  ORDINATION  Sermons. 
To  this  he  has  since  added  from  year  to  year,  until  it  now  num 
bers  sixty-four  volumes.  These  bound  volumes  contain  upwards 
of  fourteen  hundred  discourses  preached  in  the  United  States, 
and  mostly  in  New  England,  at  ordinations,  installations  and 
inaugurations,  constituting  without  doubt  the  largest  collection 
of  the  kind  that  has  ever  been  made.  He  has  also  presented  at 
various  times  during  the  past  twenty-five  years,  one  hundred  and 
two  volumes  of  FUNERAL  Sermons,  arranged  in  classes  as  follows, 
viz.:  Ministers,  Boston  Ministers,  Ministers'  Wives,  Women,  Presi 
dents  of  the  United  States,  Soldiers,  College  Officers.  Miscellaneous, 
etc.  Seven  of  these  volumes,  in  superior  binding,  comprise  ser 
mons,  eulogies,  etc.,  on  men  who  have  filled  the  office  of  Judge. 
10 


82  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  importance  of  these  two  thousand  pamphlets  and  upwards, 
thus  arranged  and  preserved,  in  connection  with  the  department 
of  special  biography,  can  hardly  be  over-estimated.  In  addition  to 
the  foregoing,  are  twenty-two  volumes  of  CENTURY  and  CENTENNIAL 
Discourses,  abounding  in  town  and  local  histories,  and  furnishing 
rich  material  for  historians  and  antiquaries ;  five  volumes  hand 
somely  bound,  containing  nearly  a  hundred  HALF-CENTURY  Ser 
mons,  preached  by  men  who  had  been  settled  fifty  years  over  a 
single  parish,  and  extending  over  a  period  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years ;  twenty-four  volumes  of  Discourses  delivered  at  the 
DEDICATION  of  Churches,  Colleges,  School  Houses,  Hospitals,  Ceme 
teries,  Public  Halls,  Libraries,  etc.,  etc. ;  ten  volumes  of  ANNIVER 
SARY  Discourses;  twelve  volumes  of  MISSIONARY  Sermons,  includ 
ing  all  the  printed  sermons  that  have  been  delivered  before  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  and 
making,  it  is  believed,  the  only  complete  set  in  existence ;  twelve 
volumes  of  FOURTH  OF  JULY  Orations,  including  all  delivered  before 
the  Municipal  authorities  of  Boston  (and  published)  from  1800  to 
the  present  time ;  a  complete  set,  in  four  volumes,  of  the  annual 
Sermons  and  Reports  of  the  MAINE  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY  ;  five  vol 
umes  of  Discourses  on  WASHINGTON;  five  volumes  of  PHI  BETA 
KAPPA  Addresses ;  besides  volumes  of  MISCELLANEOUS  Pamphlets, 
PLYMOUTH  Discourses,  Addresses  to  ALUMNI,  FAST  and  THANKSGIVING 
Sermons,  EDUCATION  Sermons,  ELECTION  Sermons,  INTRODUCTORY  Ser 
mons,  FAREWELL  Discourses,  THEOLOGICAL  Discussions,  JUBILEE  Dis 
courses,  etc.,  etc.  The  entire  Metcalf  Collection  now  numbers, 
January  1,  1867,  three  hundred  and  fifty-seven  bound  volumes, 
comprising  nearly  ten  thousand  pamphlets.  The  labor  and 
patience  required  in  securing  these,  by  diligent  inquiry  and 
extensive  correspondence,  can  only  be  appreciated  by  those  who 
have  been  engaged  in  similar  pursuits.  In  addition  to  all  this, 
Judge  Metcalf  has  made  advantageous  purchases  of  books  for 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  83 

the  Library  Committee  from  year  to  year,  besides  making  valua 
ble  donations  to  the  Library,  including  a  set  of  EEPORTS  of  Cases 
argued  and  determined  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massa 
chusetts,  edited  by  himself.  He  has  thus  shown  a  spirit  of  liberal 
and  warm  regard  for  the  place  of  his  education,  which  the  lapse 
of  time  has  not  changed,  and  which  is  worthy  the  emulation  of 
all  the  sons  of  the  College. 

A  set  of  the  BIOGRAPHIE  UNIVERSELLE,  fifty-two  volumes  in 
twenty-six,  in  elegant  calf  binding,  was  presented  to  the  Library 
in  April,  1843,  by  Mrs.  Hope  Ives,  Mrs.  Charlotte  R.  Goddard, 
Mrs.  Robert  H.  Ives,  and  Mrs.  Moses  B.  Ives. 

The  donations  which  have  thus  far  been  mentioned  were  for  the 
most  part  unsolicited.  Some  of  them  at  the  present  day  may  seem 
of  trifling  value.  They  are  not  placed  on  record  as  possessed  of 
great  interest  in  themselves,  but  as  a  just  tribute  to  friends  in  the 
mother  country,  and  to  men,  who,  in  times  of  less  prosperity  than 
that  which  the  College  now  enjoys,  contributed  liberally  towards 
laying  the  foundations  of  an  honored  and  useful  Institution. 

We  now  come  to  a  new  era  in  our  history.  Soon  after  the 
accession  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wayland  to  the  Presidency  of  the  Col 
lege,  efforts  were  made  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Library, 
and  thus  provide  enlarged  means  of  liberal  and  generous  intel 
lectual  culture,  by  raising  a  Fund  for  the  purchase  of  books.  At 
a  meeting  of  the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Corporation,  held 
January  10,  1831,  it  was  unanimously  resolved:  — 

1.  That  immediate  measures  be  taken  to  raise  by  subscription,  the  sum  of  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  purchase  of  books  for  the  Library  and 
apparatus  for  the  Philosophical  and  Chemical  departments  of  Brown  University. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Chairman  and  Thomas  P.  Ives,  be  a  Committee  to  carry 
the  foregoing  resolution  into  effect.  F    WAYLAND>  c/.airman. 

Soon  afterwards,  a  meeting  of  the  friends  of  the  Institution  was 
called,  for  the  purpose  of  seconding  this  effort.  At  this  meeting  the 


84  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

wants  of  the  Library  and  the  importance  of  supplying  them  were 
presented  and  urged  by  President  Wayland,  Alexis  Caswell,  D.  D., 
Professor  of  Mathematics,  and  John  Pitman,  LL.  D.,  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Fel 
lows.  Previously  to  this,  however,  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  had, 
with  his  wonted  munificence,  subscribed  ten  thousand  dollars 
towards  the  fund.  The  subscription  was  opened,  with  the  follow 
ing  conditions :  — 

1.  The  whole  amount  shall  be  invested  in  a  permanent  fund,  of  which  the  interest 
shall  be,  from  time  to  time,   appropriated  exclusively  to   the  objects  stated  in  the 
resolution. 

2.  The  selection  of  books  and  apparatus  shall  be  made  by  a  joint  committee  of  the 
Corporation  and  Government  of  the  University. 

3.  One-third  of  the  amount  subscribed  shall  become  due  on  the  first  day  of  Octo 
ber,  183*2  ;    another  third  on  the  first  day  of  October,   1833  ;    and  the  remainder  on 
the  first  day  of  October,  1834. 

4.  A  copy  of  the  subscribers'  names,  and  of  the  sums  subscribed  by  each,  shall 
be  deposited  in  the  Library,  and  another  among  the  archives  of  the  University. 

In  stating  the  object  for  which  the  meeting  had  been  called, 
President  Wayland  remarked  substantially,  that  all  the  efforts  for 
the  intellectual  improvement  of  mankind  were  comprehended 
under  two  classes.  First,  effort  for  the  advancement  of  science, 
and  secondly,  for  its  universal  diffusion.  In  the  first  instance,  he 
continued,  we  enter  the  dominion  of  knowledge,  and  discover  the 
laws  of  the  universe,  and  in  the  second,  we  put  the  knowledge  thus 
attained  within  the  power  of  every  grade  of  society.  It  is  to  the 
second  of  these  purposes,  that  the  labors  of  this  country  have  been 
directed.  We  have  established  common  schools  in  every  portion 
of  the  older  states,  and  by  means  of  them  the  facilities  for  acquir 
ing  elementary  education  have  become  abundant.  To  the  real 
advancement,  however,  of  science,  we  have  actually  done  almost 
nothing.  We  import  our  learning  scantily,  from  abroad.  Even 
our  universities  have  employed  themselves  in  the  diffusion,  rather 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY. 


85 


than  in  the  advancement  of  science ;  and  even  for  this  compara 
tively  humble  effort,  they  are  but  ill  prepared.  Our  universities 
and  colleges  are  at  present  known  principally  by  the  magnitude 
and  the  number  of  their  edifices.  If  the  student  wishes  to  push 
his  inquiries  into  any  science  beyond  the  ordinary  routine  of 
instruction,  where  shall  he  go,  in  our  country,  for  the  means  of 
information  ?  If  he  enter  our  college  halls  and  ask  for  books,  he 
is  shown  long  rows  of  lodging-rooms.  If  he  inquire  for  instru 
ments  for  philosophical  research,  he  is  pointed  to  large  piles  of 
brick  and  mortar.  If  the  teacher  desires  to  investigate  truth  for 
himself,  and  cooperate  with  the  learned  of  Europe  in  the  advance 
ment  of  knowledge,  where  in  this  country  can  he  go  to  avail  him 
self  of  the  researches  of  past  ages  ?  The  humiliating  answer  is 
found  in  the  fact  that,  in  each  of  the  learned  professions,  the  most 
valuable  books  with  which  we  enrich  our  libraries  could  not  have 
been  written  in  this  country,  for  the  knowledge  which  they  embody 
could  not  have  been  found  here. 

And  besides,  the  speaker  added  in  conclusion,  instructors  can 
not  furnish  themselves  with  libraries.  Their  income  does  not 
admit  of  it,  nor  can  a  library,  such  as  the  cause  of  science 
demands,  be  collected  in  a  single  life-time.  It  must  be  the 
accumulated  wisdom  of  past  ages,  added  to  the  wisdom  of  our 
own.  Such  a  library  can  be  procured  only  by  public  munifi 
cence,  and  by  that  munificence  so  directed  as  to  collect,  from 
time  to  time,  the  rich  results  of  the  intellectual  labor  of  man. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  subscriptions,  most  of  which  were 
procured  by  the  exertions  of  Dr.  Wayland  and  Dr.  Caswell: — 


Nicholas  Brown,  Providence,  $10,000 

Thomas  Poynton  Ives,  "  1,000 

John  Bowen,  New  York,  1,000 

James  Arnold,  New  Bedford,  300 

Nathaniel  R.  Cobb,  Boston,  250 


Francis  Wayland,  Providence,  $200 

Moses  Brown  Ives,       "  200 

Robert  Hale  Ives,         "  200 

Samuel  Ward,  New  York,  200 

John  B.  Jones,  Boston,  150 


86 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


Richard  Fletcher,  Boston,  $150 

Thomas  Burgess,  Providence,  150 

Amasa  Mason,  150 

William  Baylies,  Bridgewater,  150 
Richard  James  Arnold,  Providence,     150 

William  Taylor  Grinnell,        "  150 

William  Giles  Goddard,  125 
Alexis  Caswcll, 
Ebenezer  Burgess,  Dedham, 
Sullivan  Dorr,  Providence, 

Timothy  G.  Coffin,  New  Bedford,  100 

John  Kelly  Simpson,  Boston,  100 

Heman  Lincoln,  100 
Lucius  Bolles, 

Ebenezer  Thresher,  100 

John  Kelly  Simpson,  Jr.,"  100 

Ward  Jackson,  100 

Edward  Tuckerruan,        "  100 

William  B.  Reynolds,     "  100 

Levi  Farwell,  Cambridge,  100 

Ichabod  Macomber,  Boston,  100 

Amos  Binney,  100 

Benjamin  Shurtleff,       "  100 
Samuel  W.  Bridgham,  Providence,      100 

John  Brown  Francis,  Warwick,  100 

George  Ide  Chace,  Providence,  100 

Charles  Russell,  New  York,  100 

John  Ward,  100 

Richard  R.  Ward,       "  100 

J.  &  W.Kelly  &  Co.,"  100 

Thomas  Purser,  100 

William- B.  Crosby,    "  100 

A.  M'Intire,  100 

Spencer  H.  Cone,       "  100 

Eliza  Ward,  Providence,  100 

Solomon  Peck,  Boston,  75 

John  Spence,  75 

John  Sullivan,       "  GO 
William  Tully  Dorrance,  Providence,    60 


Joseph  L.  Tillinghast,  Providence,       $60 

Theron  Metcalf,  Boston,  51 

Zachariah  Eddy,  Middleborough,  51 

Cyrus  Lothrop,  Easton,  51 

Samuel  Leonard  Crocker,  Taunton,  50 

William  Allen  Crocker,           "  50 

Moses  Pond,  Boston,  50 

Samuel  Hill,      "  50 

Peter  Pratt,  Providence,  50 

Richard  Ward  Greene,  Providence,  50 

John  Pitman,  50 

John  Kingsbury,  50 

Charles  Potter,  50 

Benjamin  Hoppin,  50 

Frances  R.  Arnold,               "  50 

Timothy  R.  Greene,  New  York,  50 

James  Brown,  Providence,  50 

John  W.  Francis,  New  York,  50 

George  Colgate,            "  50 

William  Colgate,          "  50 

William  Lamed  Marcy,  New  York,  50 

Michael  Shepard,  Salem,  50 

William  Leet  Stone,  New  York,  50 

Charles  H.  Warren,  New  Bedford,  50 

William  Taber  Hawes,  38 

John  Henry  Clifford,            "  30 

Harrison  Gray  Otis  Colby,  Taunton,  30 

John  Dix  Fisher,  Boston,  30 
Elnathan  Pierce  Hathaway,  Assonet,     30 

John  Barstow,  Providence,  30 
Thomas  Francis  Carpenter,  Providence,  30 

Mark  A.  D'W.  Howe,  Roxbury,  30 

Elisha  Dyer,  Jr.,  Providence,  30 

Horatio  Pratt,  Taunton,  30 

Samuel  T.  Armstrong,  Boston,  27 

A.  Maclay,  New  York,  25 

Joseph  Mauran,  Providence.  25 

Isaac  Davis,  Worcester,  25 

Thomas  Kiimicutt,  Worcester,  25 


HISTORY  OF    THE    LIBRARY.  87 

John  Green,  Worcester,  $25  |  Hiram  Jacobs,  Boston,  $10 

Jacob  H.  Loud,  New  Bedford,  25  j  Josiah  Robbins,  New  Bedford,  10 

Isaac  Davis,  Boston,  20  |  Joseph  Sampson,  Kingston,  10 


John  Jeffries,     "  20 

William  Samuel  Patten,  Providence,      15 
William  Nichols,  Boston,  15 


Joseph  Holmes,          "  10 

Timothy  Gilbert,  Boston,  10 


The  sum  thus  obtained,  amounting  to  nineteen  thousand  four 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  dollars,  was  placed  at  interest  until  it 
had  accumulated  to  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  and  was  then 
invested  in  a  permanent  fund,  in  the  stock  of  the  Blackstone 
Canal  Bank,  in  Providence,  according  to  the  provisions  of  the 
subscription,  as  before  specified.  The  first  dividend  became  due 
in  July,  1839.  Since  that  time  the  proceeds  have  been  regularly 
appropriated  according  to  the  design  of  the  donors. 

By  a  subsequent  vote  of  the  Corporation,  all  the  subscribers 
to  the  Library  Fund,  as  well  as  all  the  subscribers  to  the  fund 
raised  for  the  erection  of  Rhode  Island  Hall,  and  all  donors  to 
the  Library  to  the  amount  of  forty  dollars,  residing  in  the  city  of 
Providence,  were  admitted  to  the  free  use  of  the  Library. 

The  room  appropriated  to  the  Library,  at  the  time  when  the 
Library  Fund  was  raised,  "  was  an  apartment  in  University  Hall, 
crowded  to  excess,  unsightly  and  wholly  unsuited  for  the  purpose 
to  which,  from  necessity,  it  was  devoted."  To  remedy  this  defect, 
the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  erected  at  his  own  expense  a  beautiful 
edifice,  for  a  Library  and  Chapel ;  to  which,  in  testimony  of  venera 
tion  for  his  former  instructor,  he  gave  the  name  of  Manning  Hall. 
At  the  dedication,  February  4, 1835,  Dr.  Wayland  delivered  a  dis 
course  on  the  "  Dependence  of  Science  upon  Revealed  Religion," 
which  was  published  in  a  pamphlet  form  for  circulation. 

This  hall,  the  third  College  building  which  has  been  erected, 
is  of  the  Dorick  order,  built  of  rubble  stone,  and  covered  with 
cement.  Including  the  portico,  it  is  about  ninety  feet  in  length, 
by  forty-two  in  width.  Its  height,  from  the  top  of  the  basement, 


88  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

is  forty  feet.  The  Library  occupies  the  whole  of  the  first  floor, 
which  is  a  beautiful  room,  ornamented  in  the  centre  with  a  double 
row  of  fluted  columns,  from  which  the  shelves  extend  to  the 
walls,  forming  twelve  alcoves.  Its  dimensions  are  sixty-four  feet 
by  thirty-eight,  and  thirteen  feet  high.  Extra  shelves  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  books  have  been  constructed  in  every  avail 
able  place  throughout,  and  already  they  are  completely  filled. 
This,  together  with  the  fact,  that  the  building  is  not  fire-proof, 
and,  like  most  library  edifices  in  this  country,  is  constructed  with 
reference  to  beauty  of  outward  proportion  and  architectural 
effect,  rather  than  to  convenience  of  interior  arrangements,  abso 
lutely  essential  to  the  efficient  working  of  a  good  public  library, 
points  to  the  necessity  of  a  more  capacious,  convenient,  and  sub- 
tantial  building. 

In  1843,  the  Library,  which,  on  the  1st  of  January  contained 
ten  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-five  bound  volumes,  was 
newly  arranged,  and  a  full  catalogue  of  its  contents,  prepared  by 
Professor  C.  C.  Jewett,  now  Superintendent  of  the  Free  Public 
Library  of  Boston,  was  printed.  This  Catalogue  was  favorably 
noticed  in  the  North  American  Keview,  and  in  other  leading 
periodicals,  and  drew  especial  attention  to  this  important  depart 
ment  of  the  Institution.  It  is  alphabetical,  according  to  the 
names  of  authors,  and  has  a  copious  and  analytical  index  of  sub 
jects.  A  supplement,  on  cards,  has  been  prepared,  but  it  will  not 
probably  be  printed. 

Soon  after  the  publication  of  the  Catalogue,  a  Chair  of  Mod 
ern  Languages  was  established  at  the  College,  and  Mr.  Jewett 
was  appointed  the  Professor  elect.  During  his  absence  in  Europe, 
whither  he  had  gone  for  the  purposes  of  professional  study,  and 
to  enable  the  friends  of  the  Institution  to  carry  out  more  effect 
ually  their  wishes  for  the  increase  of  the  Library,  a  fund  of  five 
thousand  dollars  was  raised  for  the  purchase  of  English  books, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  89 

and  the  foundations  of  a  French,  German  and  Italian  library 
were  laid.  The  condition  and  prospects  of  the  Library  at  this 
time,  may  best  be  learned  from  the  interesting  annual  report  of 
the  Library  Committee,  presented  to  the  Corporation  in  Septem 
ber,  1844.  We  present  copious  extracts:  — 

At  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Committee,  in  November,  Mr.  Prof. 
Gammell  was  requested  to  prepare  a  circular,  to  be  addressed  to  the  graduates  and 
friends  of  the  College,  and  intended  to  invite  their  cooperation  in  the  good  work  of 
advancing  the  prosperity  of  the  Library.  Mr.  Gammell,  at  a  subsequent  meeting, 
reported  a  draught  of  the  proposed  circular,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Committee,  and, 
after  being  signed  by  each  member,  was  ordered  to  be  printed.  The  following  extract 
embraces  the  substance  of  this  document,  and  fully  explains  its  design  :  — 

"  The  Library  of  Brown  University,  as  is  generally  known,  is  dependent  for  its 
growth  on  the  proceeds  of  a  fund  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  which  has  been 
raised  by  subscription,  and  set  apart  mainly  for  this  purpose.  Some  portion  of  the 
income  of  this  fund  is  annually  absorbed  by  appropriations  for  the  increase  of  the 
philosophical  and  chemical  apparatus.  The  remainder  is  devoted  exclusively  to  the 
purchase  of  books  for  the  Library.  Under  the  operation  of  this  new  provision  for  its 
benefit,  the  Library,  within  the  last  few  years,  has  been  considerably  enlarged,  and  its 
value  greatly  enhanced.  But  it  will,  after  all,  continue  to  be  lamentably  deficient  as 
an  aid  to  public  education,  and  as  a  depository  of  learning,  unless  it  obtain  from  the 
graduates  and  friends  of  the  College  yet  further  tokens  of  their  interest  in  its  welfare. 
From  the  very  excellent  catalogue  which  has  just  been  published,  it  will  be  seen  what 
are  the  actual  wants  of  the  Library — how  imperfectly  supplied  are  some  departments 
of  literature  and  science,  and  how  entirely  destitute  are  others.  The  Committee, 
therefore,  while  they  hope  that  the  permanent  character  and  high  usefulness  of  the 
Library,  and  its  security  as  a  depository  of  books  for  the  benefit  of  other  generations, 
will,  at  all  times,  invite  frequent  and  liberal  donations  from  the  graduates  and  friends 
of  the  College,  venture  more  particularly,  now,  to  solicit  such  volumes  and  pamphlets, 
as  may  be  willingly  spared,  of  the  following  or  of  kindred  classes : 

"1.  Any  complete  files  of  American  newspapers.  2.  Any  published  discourses, 
whether  sermons,  orations  or  addresses.  3.  Any  printed  pamphlets,  not  included  in  the 
preceding  description ,  which  may  be  illustrative  of  the  character  of  the  times.  4.  Any  pub 
lications  relating  to  the  history  of  collegiate  or  other  education.  5.  Ancient  pamphlets 
or  other  works  pertaining  to  the  history  of  this  State,  or  of  any  of  the  United  States. 

"  These  several  classes  of  books  have  been  specified  by  the  Committee,  but  they 
desire  it  to  be  understood  that  the  College  will  be  grateful  for  any  donations  which  its 
friends  may  be  pleased  to  make  to  its  Library. 
12 


90  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

"  The  Committee  take  this  occasion  to  invite  the  friends  and  graduates  of  the  Col 
lege  to  place  in  the  Library  any  works  which  they  themselves  have  published.  All 
such  works  will  be  gratefully  accepted  from  their  authors  as  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the 
place  of  their  education,  and  will  be  faithfully  preserved  as  among  the  literary  fruits 
which  the  College  has,  from  time  to  time,  produced." 

The  Committee  have  reason  to  believe,  from  the  number  of  books  and  pamphlets 
which  have  been  presented  during  the  past  year,  that  the  foregoing  circular  has  been 
instrumental,  to  some  extent,  in  attracting  towards  the  Library  the  friendly  regards  of 
the  graduates  and  friends  of  the  University. 

The  Committee  take  great  pleasure  in  inviting  the  attention  of  the  Honorable  Cor 
poration  to  a  very  important  plan  now  in  progress  for  the  increase  of  the  Library. 
Deeply  sensible  of  the  wants  of  the  Library — wants  which  the  avails  of  the  permanent 
fund,  now  much  reduced  in  amount  by  the  low  rate  of  interest,   would,   under  any 
circumstances,  be  entirely  inadequate  to  supply  —  the  Committee  deemed  it  to  be  their 
imperative  duty  to  appeal  to  the  liberality  of  friends  of  the  University  in  behalf  of 
one  of  its  most  important  interests.     More  than  six  months  ago,  the  Committee  there 
fore  caused  a  subscription  to  be  opened  for  the  purpose  of  raising  a  sum  not  less  than 
five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  expended,  as  soon  as  may  be,  in  the  purchase  of  standard 
works,  in  the  English  language.     The  plan  devised  by  the  Committee  for  supplying  the 
most  pressing  wants  of  the  Library,  met  a  very  cordial  and  prompt  response  on  the 
part  of  those  friends  of  the  College  who  have  been  solicited  to  contribute  their  aid. 
One  gentleman,  a  citizen  of  Providence,  and  a  member  of  the   Corporation  of  this 
University,   imparted  to  the  project  a  decided  impulse,  by  pledging  himself  to  con 
tribute  towards  the  amount  proposed  to  be  raised,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars.     A 
few  other  gentlemen,  some  of  whom  are  neither  graduates  of  the  University  nor  mem 
bers  of  the  Corporation,  have  likewise  pledged  themselves  in  various  sums,  amounting 
in  all,  to  two  thousand  and  fifty  dollars.     The  whole  amount  thus  far  subscribed 
towards  an  object  which  it  is  so  desirable  to  accomplish,  without  delay,  is  therefore 
three  thousand  and  fifty  dollars.     For  reasons,  which  it  is  unnecessary  to  state,  no 
progress  has  for  several  months  been  made  in  the  proposed  subscription.     The  graduates 
and  the  friends  of  the  University,  when  they  come  to  learn  what  has  been  done  in  this 
matter,  and  what  remains  to  be  done,  will  not,   it  is  confidently  believed,   suffer  a 
project  which  promises  so  much  benefit  to  the  Library,  to  languish  for  the  want  of  their 
zealous  and  efficient  cooperation.     The  Committee  cannot  dismiss  this  topic  without 
most  earnestly  commending  to  the  Honorable  Corporation  of  the  University,  individ 
ually  and  collectively,  the  important  plan  for  the  increase  of  the  Library  which  now 
awaits  consummation,  and  which,  with  efficient  effort,  might,  ere  the  lapse  of  another 
month,  be  brought  to  a  successful  result.     The  Librarian,  Mr.  Jewett,  before  his  return, 
will  visit  London.     His  zeal  in  behalf  of  the  Library,  and  his  rare  skill  in  the  pur- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  91 

chase  of  books,  indicate  the  wisdom  of  confiding  to  him  the  expenditure  of  whatever 
sum  may  be  raised  by  the  subscription  now  in  progress.  The  Committee  have  made 
these  suggestions  in  the  belief  that  the  friends  of  the  College  will,  without  delay,  make 
a  vigorous  effort  to  place  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Jewett  ample  pecuniary  means  for  the 
purchase  of  standard  works  in  the  mother  tongue.  Such  an  opportunity  for  the 
judicious  and  economical  expenditure  of  money,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  has  never 
occurred  since  the  establishment  of  this  University.  Such  an  opportunity  may  never 
occur  again.  Could  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be  raised,  the  Committee  are  of 
the  opinion  that,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Jewett,  it  might  be  made  adequate  to  the 
purchase  of  not  less  than  ten  thousand  volumes. 

Since  the  last  annual  report  of  the  joint  Library  Committee,  2,201  volumes  have 
been  added  to  the  Library  —  459  by  purchase,  and  1,742  by  donation.  The  whole 
number  of  volumes  reported  last  year  as  belonging  to  the  Library,  was  10,523, 
exclusive  of  pamphlets  and  odd  volumes  not  catalogued.  The  whole  number  is 
now  12,724,  exclusive  of  pamphlets. 

The  additions  which  have  been  made  may  be  classified  as  follows,  viz.  :  123  folios; 
188  quartos;  1,179  octavos;  690  duodecimos,  and  smaller;  21  maps,  charts,  etc. 

Among  the  most  valuable  works  purchased  under  the  direction  of  the  Committee,  may 
be  mentioned  the  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE,  in  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  volumes 
(well  bound)  from  its  commencement  in  the  year  1731,  to  the  year  1820.  Regarded 
simply  as  an  authentic  arid  consecutive  record  of  the  great  events  which  signalized  the 
last  hundred  years,  this  work  may  be  deemed  as  essential  to  every  public  library. 
With  how  much  warmer  interest  do  we  peruse  its  various  contents,  when  we  recollect 
that  among  its  early  contributors  were  Johnson  and  Burke,  and  others  of  that  constel 
lation  of  scholars  and  wits,  who  illustrated  one  of  the  most  brilliant  epochs  in  the 
literary  history  of  England  ! 

The  Library  has  recently  undergone  an  examination,  and  it  speaks  well  for  the 
care  of  the  Librarian,  and  for  the  exact  obedience  of  the  under-graduates  to  the  regu 
lations  of  the  Library,  that,  within  the  past  year,  not  a  book  has  been  lost.  The 
Committee  are  pleased  to  add,  that  to  the  officers  of  instruction  the  Library  is  becoming, 
every  year,  more  valuable ;  and  the  records  of  the  Library  indicate  that  the  under 
graduates  resort  more  frequently  to  its  treasures  than  heretofore,  for  the  purpose  of 
investigating  subjects  connected  with  their  course  of  study,  and  of  relaxing  their 
minds,  after  the  fatigues  of  severe  intellectual  pursuit. 

The  scientific  and  literary  departments  of  the  Library  have  been  greatly  enriched, 
during  the  past  year,  by  the  liberal  donations  of  one  of  the  sons  of  this  University. 
While  Mr.  Jewett  was  residing  in  Paris,  a  gentleman  of  Providence,  entirely  without 
solicitation  from  any  quarter,  placed  in  his  hands  ample  means  for  the  purchase  of  such 
books  as  he  might  select  to  constitute  the  foundation  of  a  French  Library,  adequate  to 


92  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  immediate  wants  of  the  University.  These  means  were  appropriated  by  Mr. 
Jewett,  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  and  with  a  judgment  and  taste  in  the 
selection  of  the  books  which  the  committee  cannot,  without  the  risk  of  seeming  extrava 
gant,  sufficiently  commend.  This  most  valuable  collection  embraces  eighty-nine  folios, 
eighty-eight  quartos,  seven  hundred  and  thirty-five  octavos,  four  hundred  and  eighty 
smaller  sized  volumes  and  twenty  maps.  Total,  one  thousand  four  hundred  arid  twelve, 
all  of  approved  editions,  many  of  them  truly  elegant,  and  all  bound  in  the  most  neat 
and  thorough  style.  In  this  collection  are  to  be  found  the  choicest  of  the  French 
classics  —  the  best  fruits  of  French  genius,  in  the  departments  of  history,  biography, 
philosophy,  eloquence  and  poetry. 

The  committee  cordially  congratulate  the  Corporation  on  what  must  be  deemed  the 
creation  of  a  most  important  department  in  the  Library  of  the  University.  The  French 
language  is  hereafter  to  form  a  part  of  the  regular  academical  instructions  of  the 
University;  and  Mr.  Jewett,  the  Professor  of  Modern  Languages,  will  find,  in  the 
Library,  ample  means  not  only  to  facilitate  his  task  as  a  teacher  of  the  elements  of 
the  French  language,  but  to  introduce  his  pupils  to  an  acquaintance  with  the  classical 
authors  of  France  —  to  imbue  them  with  a  genuine  relish  for  the  characteristic  beauties 
of  French  literature  —  to  render  them,  in  some  sort,  familiar  with  the  mind  of  that 
extraordinary  people  whose  achievements  in  war,  in  the  fine  arts,  in  the  exact  and  in 
the  physical  sciences,  and  in  nearly  every  department  of  elegant  literature,  seem  almost 
to  justify  their  claim  to  stand  at  the  head  of  modern  civilization. 

The  scientific  collections  of  the  Library  have  been  still  farther  enriched  by  the 
TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY,  in  forty-eight  volumes,  quarto,  likewise  pre 
sented  by  a  gentleman  of  Providence,  (Mr.  Brown.)  The  remainder  of  this  series,  it 
is  understood,  has  been  ordered  for  the  Library. 

As  Mr.  Jewett  is  now  in  Germany,  where  he  will  continue  till  he  visits  Italy,  the 
Committee  have  authorized  the  treasurer  to  remit  to  him  the  sum  of  two  hundred 
pounds  sterling,  to  be  invested,  at  his  discretion,  in  German  editions  and  illustrations 
of  the  ancient  classics,  and  likewise  in  works,  which  will  help  to  familiarize  to  the 
minds  of  our  students  the  rich  and  varied  literature  of  thai  land  of  authors  and  schol 
ars.  The  expediency  of  this  investment  requires  no  vindication.  Such  is  the  intrinsic 
value,  and  such  the  wide  celebrity  of  German  literature,  that  a  knowledge  of  the  lan 
guage  which  embodies  it,  and  to  a  considerable  extent,  exclusively  embodies  it,  has 
come  to  be  considered,  in  the  United  States,  as  an  essential  part  of  a  liberal  education. 
The  Committee  rejoice  that  such  is  the  fact  —  they  welcome  it  as  an  indication  that  our 
country  is  beginning  to  demand  of  our  literary  and  scientific  men  a  more  generous 
culture,  and  that  a  higher  standard  of  scholarship  is  a] tout  to  be  established  in  all  our 
institutions  of  learning.  While  they  would  be  the  last  to  underrate  the  wealth  of  our 
own  language  and  literature,  they  believe  that  the  scholar  who  is  familiar  with  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LIBRARY.  93 

German  may  command  access  to  rich  mines  of  thought  and  research,  in  which  the 
English  mind  has  hardly  begun  to  work.  They  are  aware  that  the  German  imagination 
loves  to  deal  sometimes  in  what  ia  wild  and  fanciful,  and  sometimes  in  what  is  myste 
rious  and  terrific.  They  are  persuaded,  however,  that  its  creations,  full  as  they  are  of 
beauty  and  of  power,  will  fail  to  pervert  the  sedate  and  genuine  impulses  of  English 
thought  and  fancy  and  feeling,  and  that  our  scholars,  and  all,  indeed,  who  cultivate 
the  German  tongue,  will  exercise  a  genuine  eclectic  spirit — that,  fascinated  neither  by 
the  false  philosophy  nor  by  the  extravagant  fictions  of  Germany,  they  will  extract  from 
her  sterling  literature  the  means  for  more  extended  and  accurate  research  in  every 
department  of  learning ;  the  elements  of  a  truer  and  less  exclusive  taste  in  letters  ; 
the  materials  of  a  more  profound  and  expansive  generalization  of  the  principles  which 
govern  human  action. 

In  concluding  their  report,  the  Committee  commend  anew  the  Library  to  the  favora 
ble  regard  of  the  honorable  Corporation,  as  one  of  the  commanding  interests  of  the 
University.  They  are  solicitous  that  its  importance  to  the  other  interests  of  this  Insti 
tution —  to  the  cause  of  sound  learning  —  and  to  the  highest  welfare  of  this  community, 
should  not  be  undervalued.  This  Institution  was  founded  eighty  years  ago,  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting,  in  the  language  of  its  charter,  ' '  the  liberal  arts  and  universal 
literature."  It  is  mortifying  to  reflect,  how  little,  till  within  a  few  years,  has  been 
done  to  make  the  Library  to  correspond,  in  any  sense,  to  the  comprehensive  design  of 
the  venerable  fathers  of  this  University.  They  were  true  to  the  great  trust  which  they 
undertook  to  discharge.  At  an  early  day,  and  with  limited  means,  they  did  what  they 
could  to  lay  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  this  Institution.  Faithful  to  the  high 
trust  committed  to  our  hands,  let  us,  then,  in  our  turn,  use  the  more  ample  means  with 
which  we  are  endowed,  not  only  in  promoting  the  prosperity  of  the  Library,  but  in 
enlarging,  in  all  respects,  the  capacities  of  this  University  to  diffuse  the  blessings  of 
sound  learning — to  elevate  the  standard  of  American  scholarship  —  to  invigorate  the 
tone  of  social  morality  —  and  to  spread,  far  and  wide,  the  transforming  influences  of 
Christian  truth. 

The  foregoing  report,  in  which  the  skillful  pen  of  Professor 
Gammell  is  readily  traced,  alludes,  it  will  be  seen,  to  a  fund  for 
the  purchase  of  English  books.  This  fund,  amounting  to  five 
thousand  and  sixty  dollars,  was  completed  early  in  May,  1845. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  contributors,  which  we  gladly  place 
on  permanent  record,  as  an  act  of  justice  to  them,  and  for  the 
encouragement  of  future  patrons  of  learning  and  literature:  — 


94 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


Estate  of  T.  P.  Ives,  Providence,  SI, 200 

A  Friend,  (J.  C.  Brown,)  "  1,000 

A  Friend,  250 

Amory  Chapin,                      "  200 

Araasa  Manton,  200 

Seth  Adams,  Jr.,                  "  200 

William  Appleton,  Boston,  200 

Horatio  N.  Slater,  Providence,  200 

Michael  Shepard,  Salem,  200 

Francis  Wayland,  Providence,  200 

Samuel  G.  Arnold,         "  150 

Isaac  Davis,  Worcester,  100 

Thomas  L.  Dunnell,  Providence,  100 

A  Friend,  100 
Mrs.  F.  Arnold  and  Mrs.  C.  E.  Green, 

Providence,  100 


Abbott  Lawrence,  Boston,  100 

Henry  Marchant,  Providence,  100 

Thomas  M.  Burgess,     "  50 

Charles  S.  Bradley,       "  50 

Benjamin  Cozzens,  50 

William  Sprague,           "  50 

Owen  Mason,  50 

Thomas  Lloyd  Halsey,  "  50 

William  Baylies,  Bridgewater,  50 

William  Foster,  Providence,  25 

Samuel  Hunt,  25 

Samuel  Foster,  25 

Alvah  Woods,             "  25 

William  T.  Dorrance,  "  10 

Total,  $5,060 


The  Librarian,  Prof.  Jewett,  having  accomplished  the  object 
of  his  visit  to  Europe,  returned  in  December,  1845,  and  resumed 
the  duties  of  his  office.  The  following  extracts  from  his  report 
to  the  Library  Committee,  which  we  find  incorporated  in  the 
annual  report  of  the  joint  Library  Committee  to  the  Corporation, 
presented  in  September,  1846,  will  furnish  a  clear  and  compre 
hensive  account  of  his  purchases  while  abroad,  and  be  interesting 
to  the  bibliographer,  and  collector  of  books. 

We  begin  our  extracts  with  a  table,  showing  the  number  of 
volumes  of  the  various  sizes  in  each  purchase,  the  whole  cost  in 
the  currency  of  the  countries  where  the  books  were  bought, 
together  with  the  average  price  per  volume  of  each  purchase, 
and  of  the  whole  : — 

The  whole  sum  of  money  is,  in  Federal  currency,  say  $8,485.41.  The  whole 
number  of  volumes  is  7,021.  The  average  price  per  volume  is,  therefore,  $1.20.  it 
should  be  observed  that  this  price  includes  binding,  (and  the  books  with  few  exceptions 
are  substantially  and  well  bound,)  and  all  other  expenses  of  every  kind  up  to  the  time 
of  shipping. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY. 


95 


6 

6 
§ 

i 

3 
go 

i! 

hi 

!  1  1  i  Pftf 

1*1* 

1 

«5 

§S 
p 

a 

JH  —  P-l 

g 

EH 

111          2  .§3  g§ 

*  «  5    r^si 

I'Rf 

FRENCH  BOOKS. 

ff 

ff 

$      cts. 

Mr.  Brown's  order, 

89 

88 

735 

480 

20 

1,412     5,459  10 

3  64 

66 

GERMAN  BOOKS. 

I 

i 

Mr.  Brown's  order, 

256 

697 

218 

38 

1,209 

4,040 

3  34 

63 

ITALIAN  BOOKS. 

Mr.  Brown's  order, 

32   48 

295 

83 

16 

474    4,560  89 

9  62 

1  82 

GrERMAN    BOOKS. 

th.       s.    gro.i       th. 

College  order, 

lj  10 

421 

33 

465 

690  15  9 

1   12 

1  02 

FRENCH  BOOKS. 

ff 

ff 

College  order, 

Q 

5 

59 

5 

46 

123 

1,885  80 

15 

2  85 

ENGLISH  BOOKS. 

£          B.   d. 

B.     d.    q. 

College  order, 

196235 

2,438 

444 

25 

3,338 

1,066  1  7 

642 

1  53 

Total, 

326642 

4,542 

1,263 

145 

7,021 

$1  20 

The  books  lately  purchased  for  our  Library,  have  been  selected  in  view  of  the 
previous  state  of  the  collection  and  our  own  immediate  wants,  and  entirely  without 
reference  to  the  cost.  Some  books  have  been  purchased  which  would  not  have  been 
first  chosen ;  generally  because  they  were  bought  in  lots  which  contained  others  more 
important ;  but  my  general  rule  has  been,  first  to  make  out  with  the  utmost  care  a  list 
of  the  books  most  needed,  and  then  to  purchase  these  books  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

The  editions  chosen  are,  for  the  most  part,  the  very  best  which  have  been  printed 
of  the  respective  works.  The  object  was  to  select  editions  of  standard  value  for  com 
pleteness,  and  elegance,  and  accuracy  of  execution ;  such  editions  as  would  always 
retain  their  value,  even  though  others,  and  more  costly,  and,  on  the  whole,  better  ones, 
should  be  printed.  This  was  in  many  cases  a  very  difficult  part  of  my  duty.  This  is 
the  part  where  bibliographical  skill  and  knowledge  are  most  indispensable  for  a 
librarian. 

I  have  paid  particular  attention  to  the  condition  of  the  copies.  As  far  as  it  was 
possible,  I  collated  the  books  myself,  page  by  page,  and  where  it  was  not  possible  for 
me  to  do  it  myself,  I  procured  trusty  men  to  collate  them,  in  order  to  be  sure  that  the 
copies  were  perfect  and  entire. 

When  I  left  America,  John  C.  Brown,  Esq.,  requested  me  to  collect  all  the  infor 
mation  which  I  could  in  reference  to  the  book  trade  in  France,  and  communicate  with 
him  on  the  subject  •  and,  at  the  same  time,  he  intimated  his  intention  to  purchase  a 
French  Library  for  the  College.  I  accordingly  spent  much  of  my  time  during  the 
first  three  months  in  Paris,  in  the  book  shops  and  libraries,  and  wrote  Mr.  Brown  the 


96  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

results  of  my  investigations.  He  immediately  forwarded  to  me  a  draft  for  five  thousand 
francs,  requesting  me  to  buy  with  this  sum  such  French  books  as  I  might  judge  most 
desirable  for  our  Library,  directing  that  such  as  were  purchased  should  be  standard 
works  in  good  editions  and  well  bound.  For  about  three  months  I  devoted  myself 
almost  exclusively  to  the  selection  and  purchase  of  the  books. 

Some  of  the  more  important  of  these  works  may  well  be  made  the  subject  of 
special  notice. 

Among  them  is  a  set  of  the  MONITEUR  UNIVERSEL,  complete  from  its  commencement 
to  1826,  with  the  introduction,  tables,  etc.,  in  seventy-seven  volumes,  folio, — the 
original  edition,  a  clean  copy,  well  bound,  purchased  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of  an 
English  gentleman  who  had  for  several  years  resided  in  Paris.  This  is  an  invaluable 
work,  of  which  there  are  very  few  copies  in  the  country,  and  perhaps  no  copy  so  perfect 
as  this. 

The  DESCRIPTION  DE  L'EGYPTE,  one  of  the  most  magnificent  and  costly  works  ever 
published,  was  also  purchased  at  the  same  sale  for  about  one-quarter  of  the  price  at 
which  it  is  sold  at  the  book  auctions  in  Paris.  It  is  of  the  second  edition,  and  con 
sists  of  twenty-six  volumes  of  text  and  about  five  hundred  folio  engravings.  Among 
these  books  is  also  a  complete  set  of  the  new  series,  of  the  MEMOIRS,  etc.,  published 
by  four  out  of  five  of  the  Academies  of  the  French  Institute,  viz.  :  The  ACADEMY 
OF  SCIENCES,  the  ACADEMY  of  MORAL  AND  POLITICAL  SCIENCES,  the  ACADEMY  OF  THE 
FINE  ARTS,  and  the  FRENCH  ACADEMY,  This  set  contains  sixty-one  handsomely  and 
newly-bound  quarto  volumes.  The  ACADEMY  OF  INSCRIPTIONS  AND  BELLES-LETTRES 
can  easily  be  obtained  separately. 

There  is  also  a  collection  of  Memoirs  relative  to  the  history  of  France,  arranged 
and  edited  by  Messrs.  Guizot  and  Petitot,  in  one  hundred  and  sixty-two  volumes,  8vo, 
uniformly  and  elegantly  bound.  This  collection  is  of  the  first  importance  to  any  one 
who  would  acquire  a  thorough  knowledge  of  French  history. 

The  editions  of  the  French  classics  are  worthy  of  special  attention.  They  are 
nearly  all  of  them  the  best  and  most  costly  which  have  been  published.  The  apparatus 
for  the  thorough  study  of  the  French  language  and  literature  may  be  regarded  as 
comparatively  rich. 

After  the  receipt  of  the  French  books,  Mr.  Brown  forwarded  me  the  sum  of  four 
thousand  francs,  to  be  expended  for  German  books,  with  instructions  similar  to  those 
which  he  had  given  for  the  previous  purchase.  Upon  this  commission,  I  bestowed  no 
less  time  and  labor  than  upon  the  other.  The  task  of  selection  was,  however,  more 
difficult,  owing  to  the  astonishing  copiousness  of  the  literature,  and  the  singular 
destitution  of  such  bibliographical  aids  as  Brunet  &  Querard  furnished  for  French 
literature. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  97 

The  German  importation  contains  as  large  a  selection  of  works  from  standard 
German  authors  as  the  funds  entrusted  to  me  enabled  me  to  purchase.  This  selection 
contains  a  good  apparatus  for  a  thorough  study  of  the  language.  There  is  a  complete 
set  of  the  ALLGEMEINE  DEUTSCHE  BIBLIOTHEK,  in  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  volumes, 
octavo,  and  the  ALLGEMEINE  LITERATUR-ZEITUNG,  in  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  vol 
umes,  quarto,  the  two  containing  a  complete  history  of  German  literature  for  the  last 
hundred  years.  Also,  a  set  of  ERSCH  &  GRUBER'S  Encyclopaedia,  complete,  as  far  as 
then  published,  in  seventy-two  volumes,  quarto, — the  most  extensive  and  valuable  work 
of  the  kind  ever  published,  and  so  far  as  known,  the  only  copy  which  has  as  yet  been 
brought  to  this  country ;  also,  several  valuable  Maps  and  Engravings,  and  a  large 
number  of  important  works  in  all  departments  of  learning. 

I  should  mention  in  this  connection,  that  at  the  suggestion  of  a  friend  of  mine — 
an  officer  in  the  Royal  Guards — I  sent  a  written  request  to  the  King  of  Prussia  for  a 
History  of  the  Seven  Years'  War,  published  by  the  Prussian  Military  Staff;  —  a  work 
not  to  be  obtained  at  the  hhops,  but  only  by  application  to  the  King.  His  Majesty 
was  pleased  to  present  the  work,  and  it  has  been  received  through  His  Excellency 
Henry  Wheaton,  late  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  Berlin.  This  is  a  work  indis 
pensable  for  the  thorough  study  of  this  important  period  of  history,  and  is,  perhaps, 
the  only  copy  in  the  United  States. 

While  in  Germany,  I  also  received  the  sum  of  one  hundred  pounds  sterling  from  the 
Library  Committee,  with  directions  to  expend  the  same  in  the  purchase  of  such  books  as 
were  immediately  needed  in  the  departments  of  Greek  and  Latin  Classics.  Selection 
here  was  a  most  difficult  task.  A  complete  apparatus  for  the  study  of  any  one  of  the 
more  popular  authors,  would  cost  more  than  the  whole  sum  entrusted  to  me ;  and  it 
was  very  difficult  to  decide  what  to  reject.  I  have,  however,  the  satisfaction  to  know 
that  the  choice  made  meets  the  approbation  of  the  Professors  of  these  departments,  and 
of  other  eminent  linguists  who  have  examined  the  collection.  Indeed,  I  was  very 
confident  it  would,  as  I  had  made  the  selection  with  the  assistance  of  eminent  classical 
scholars.  To  the  Professor  of  Latin  in  Brown  University,  (J.  L.  Lincoln,)  then  in 
Germany,  I  was  particularly  indebted  for  valuable  hints,  and  lists  of  books.  The 
number  of  books  and  the  cost  per  volume,  is  given  in  the  preceding  table.  It  will 
be  observed  that  the  cost  per  volume  of  the  books  in  this  department  is  considerably 
higher  than  in  any  other,  excepting  that  of  the  fine  arts. 

Mr.  Je wett's  account  of  the  Italian  purchase  is  as  follows : — 

Subsequently  to  the  German  purchase,  Mr.  Brown  forwarded  to  me  the  sum  of 
six  thousand  francs,  to  be  expended  in  Italy  for  the  most  valuable  Italian  books, 
including  some  on  the  fine  arts,  of  which,  our  Library  was  lamentably  barren.     The 
13 


98  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Italian  Classics  purchased  arc,  for  the  most  part,  of  the  choicest  library  editions,  some 
of  them  large-paper  copies  and  all  well  bound.  The  average  price  per  volume  of  this 
importation  is  very  high.  This  is  owing  to  the  large  number  of  elegant  illustrated 
works.  Some  of  these  demand  particular  attention.  CANINA'S  Work  on  Architecture, 
Egyptian,  Grecian,  and  Roman,  comprising  nine  volumes,  octavo,  of  text,  and  three  thick 
volumes  folio,  of  large  and  handsomely  engraved  plates,  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
works  of  the  age.  This  work  is  not  only  invaluable  to  architects ;  it  is  of  great 
importance  to  the  classical  department,  containing,  as  it  does,  restorations  of  all  the 
more  important  monuments  of  Greece  and  Rome,  of  which,  only  fragments  now  remain 
to  us.  It  also  contains  plans,  on  a  large  scale,  of  Rome  and  Athens,  and  other  ancient 
cities  IT,  VATICANO,  in  eight  thick  volumes,  folio,  contains  a  minute  description, 
with  beautiful  etchings,  of  St.  Peter's  church  and  the  Vatican,  and  all  the  collections 
of  art  which  adorn  the  latter.  This  superb  work  was  published  by  order  of  the  Papal 
Government.  The  contract  for  publishing  it  was  given  to  a  bookseller,  who  agreed  to 
furnish  a  certain  number  of  sheets  if  desired,  supposing  that  this  number  would  cover 
the  whole.  But  the  work  had  advanced  only  to  the  middle  of  the  eighth  volume, 
when  the  number  of  pages  contracted  for  had  been  printed.  The  publisher  demanded 
an  additional  appropriation  for  finishing  the  work.  This  was  refused,  and  he  bound  up 
the  number  of  copies  contracted  for  by  the  government  and  delivered  them  in  their 
unfinished  state.  He  subsequently  completed  the  work  at  his  own  expense.  It  is 
important,  therefore,  in  purchasing  the  work,  to  shun  the  government  copies.  Our 
copy  is  complete.  IL  CAMPIDOGLIO,  in  two  large  volumes,  folio,  is  a  work  upon  the 
Capitol,  similar  to  that  upon  the  Vatican,  which  has  just  been  described. 

The  MUSKO  BORBONICO  contains  an  account  of  all  the  collections  of  the  Naples 
Museum ;  and  it  should  be  remembered  that  all  the  movable  articles  which  have  been 
recovered  from  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii  are  deposited  there.  Of  this  work,  there 
are  several  editions  more  or  less  complete.  The  most  perfect  in  all  respects,  is  that 
published  by  the  Neapolitan  Government,  of  which  ours  is  a  copy.  This  edition  is 
very  rare  and  costly  everywhere  out  of  Italy.  I  do  not  know  of  any  other  copy  th;;n 
ours  in  this  country,  though  it  is  possible  there  are  others.  It  is  in  thirteen  volumes, 
quarto.  The  work  is  not  yet  completed. 

The  works  of  TIIORWALDSEN,  in  two  volumes,  folio,  and  those  of  CANOVA,  in  four 
volumes,  octavo,  are  also  in  the  collection,  besides  a  large  number  of  views  in  Italy,  and 
engravings.  There  is  also  a  large  map,  more  than  eight  feet  square,  of  ancient  Rome, 
by  CANINA,  a  panoramic  map  of  modern  Rome  eight  and  one-half  feet  long  and  four 
wide,  and  a  large  collection  of  works  illustrating  the  typography  and  history  of  the 
eternal  city.  I  also  obtained  from  the  collection  of  the  Prince  of  Canino  a  few  small 
Etruscan  vases,  genuine  antiques. 


HIS  TORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  99 

On  my  return  to  Paris,  continues  Prof.  Jewett,  in  the  summer  of  1845,  I  received 
a  draft  from  the  Committee  for  three  thousand  francs,  with  instructions  to  purchase  with 
the  same,  a  telescope  for  twelve  hundred  francs,  and  a  list  of  scientific  books,  and  to 
expend  the  balance  on  the  purchase  of  such  works,  particularly  such  relating  to  the 
fine  arts,  as  I  might  judge  most  needed.  With  the  balance  of  the  funds  I  purchased, 
among  other  works,  the  Musee  Frangais  and  Mu<vee  Royal,  in  six  volumes,  folio,  of 
beautiful  engravings  with  letter  press.  This  splendid  work  printed  by  order  of  the 
French  government,  contains  engravings  of  all  the  best  paintings  and  statues  in  the 
vast  museum  collected  in  Paris  by  Napoleon,  and  now  distributed  lo  its  original  owners, 
in  all  paits  of  Europe.  The  work  may  be  considered  as  quite  indispensable  in  every 
public  library.  To  us  who  cannot  see  the  originals,  such  a  collection  of  engravings  of 
all  the  choicest  monuments  of  ancient  and  modern  art  is  of  the  greatest  interest.  It 
cannot  fail  to  have  a  strong  influence  in  forming  and  cultivating  a  taste  for  art  among 
our  students. 

The  following  English  books  are  mentioned  by  Prof.  Jewett, 
as  worthy  of  special  notice  :  — 

A  complete  set  of  HANSARD'S  Parliamentary  History  and  Debates,  from  1066  to  the 
close  of  the  last  session,  in  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  large  octavo  volumes,  uniformly 
bound  in  half  Russia;  a  complete  set  of  the  MONTHLY  REVIEW  and  the  GENTLEMAN'S 
MAGAZINE,  (in  continuation  of  the  parts  already  in  the  Library)  j  the  complete  works 
of  the  most  prominent  English  authors  (not  before  had)  in  every  department  of  litera 
ture,  in  the  best  editions ;  a  complete  set  of  the  ENCYCLOPAEDIA  METROPOLITANS,  sub 
stantially  bound  in  half  Russia,  besides  many  valuable  maps  and  engravings.  There 
are  also  many  costly  scientific  works,  some  elegant  works  on  the  fine  arts,  as  the 
NATIONAL  GALLERY,  HOGARTH'S  works,  valuable  architectural  works,  LODGE'S  Por 
traits,  Sir  WILLIAM  GELL'S  Pompeiana,  etc.  There  is  also  a  very  valuable  selection 
from  the  Reports  of  the  British  Parliament,  in  upwards  of  one  hundred  folio  volumes, 
well  bound,  purchased  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of  William  Seymour  Blackstone, 
M.  P.,  grandson  of  the  illustrious  Sir  William  Blackstone.  It  may  not  be  amiss  to 
mention,  that  several  of  the  books  purchased  derive  additional  interest  from  their 
containing  autographs  of  distinguished  individuals  to  whom  they  belonged. 

While  in  London,  I  received  from  Moses  B.  Ives,  Esq.,  the  sum  of  one  hundred 
pounds  sterling,  with  the  request  that  I  would  expend  the  same  in  the  purchase  of 
books  for  the  Library.  At  this  time  I  had  the  rare  good  fortune  to  find  a  collection 
containing  nearly  all  that  has  ever  been  published  in  the  form  of  a  separate  essay  or 
treatise  relating  to  Shakspeare  and  his  works.  This  collection  was  commenced  more  than 
twenty  years  ago,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Rodd,  one  of  the  most  intelligent  booksellers,  and 


100  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

probably  the  best  bibliographer  in  London.  It  is  almost  perfect.  Mr.  Rodd  possessed 
facilities  for  making  such  a  collection  which  no  other  man  enjoyed.  It  lacks  but  few, 
and  those  unimportant  publications,  known  to  exist  in  this  department.  The  collection 
is,  without  doubt,  by  far  the  richest  in  this  country,  and  perhaps  the  richest  in  the 
world.  It  does  not  contain  all  the  editions  of  the  works  of  the  immortal  bard.  A 
collection  of  them  would  be  quite  beyond  our  present  means.  A  good  copy  of  the 
first  edition  has  been  sold  for  about  a  thousand  dollars.  Copies  of  the  first  edition  of 
the  separate  plays  are  worth  from  ten  to  twenty  or  thirty  guineas  each.  We  have  a 
fac  simile  of  the  first  edition,  which,  for  critical  purposes,  is  very  valuable.  We  have 
also  the  edition  called  "  Stevens  Own,"  Boswell's,  Malone's  and  Knight's.  These,  with 
Collier's,  are  the  most  valuable  that  have  been  published 

This  collection  of  Shakspeariana  contains  one  hundred  and 
ninety-six  volumes,  bound  in  full  calf.  One  of  them  is  IRELAND'S 
original  copy  of  his  CONFESSIONS,  inlaid,  as  the  book-binders  term 
it,  with  marginal  notes  in  his  own  hand-writing.  An  addition  has 
recently  been  made  to  the  collection,  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  vol 
umes,  purchased  at  the  sale  of  Burton's  Shakspeariana,  in  New  York ; 
and  also  of  BOYDELL'S  Illustration  of  Shakspeare,  in  two  immense 
folio  volumes,  presented  by  Mr.  Ives.  In  1852,  Mr.  Ives  presented 
to  the  Library  twenty-five  bound  volumes  of  the  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL, 
from  1838  to  1850,  and  seven  volumes  of  the  PROVIDENCE  MORNING 
COURIER,  from  1836  to  1840.  These  volumes  of  which,  he  con 
tinued  the  Journal  from  year  to  year,  are  of  obvious  importance, 
as  a  continuous  record  of  events  pertaining  to  the  annals  of  the 
city  and  the  State,  and  especially  of  all  the  public  occasions  of 
the  University,  and  of  all  facts  and  incidents  belonging  to  its 
current  history.  Mr.  Ives  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  in  the 
class  of  1812,  and  for  nearly  thirty-two  years  was  the  efficient 
Treasurer  of  the  Corporation.  He  died  in  1857.*  He  was  an 

*Mr.  Ives  died  on  tho  7th  of  August,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three.  A  discourse,  in  com 
memoration  of  his  life  and  character,  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wayland.  from  which 
we  cannot  forbear  making  th«;  following  extract:  "  As  Treasurer  of  the  University,  he  was 
brought  into  more  intimate  relations  with  the  officers  of  instruction.  No  one  of  them  will, 
I  am  sure,  forget  the  fraternal  care  with  which  ho  watched  over  their  interests.  AVas  any  of 
them  sick, —  he  was  the  first  person  to  visit  him,  with  offers  of  assistance.  Was  any  one  borne 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRAEY.  101 

upright  man,  a  model  merchant,  and,  a  warm,  steadfast  friend  of 
the  Institution. 

In  March,  1844,  Mr.  Brown  presented  to  the  Library  a  set  of 
the  YEAR  BOOKS,  from  Edward  I.  to  Henry  VIII.,  in  ten  volumes, 
small  folio,  London,  1596-1640.  In  Wallace's  Reporters  chrono 
logically  arranged,  (third  edition,  page  sixty-seven,)  we  find 
respecting  them  the  following  note:  "In  1689  the  thirteen 
Judges  of  England  had  occasion  to  lament  how  scarce  the  older 
editions  of  the  Year  Books  had  become  in  the  country  where 
they  were  printed  ;  to  an  extent,  say  they,  which  had  proved, 
'of  no  small  detriment'  to  the  study  of  the  law  itself.  It  was  a 
somewhat  striking  incident  of  a  summer  ramble  in  the  North, 
that,  in  1847,  far  along  the  track  of  two  hundred  years  after 
wards,  and  when  nearly  twice  as  long  a  term  as  had  intervened 
between  the  date  when  the  Year  Books  were  printed  and  that  in 
which  the  Judges  complained  of  their  scarceness — I  should  note 
a  copy  of  them  in  a  college  library  of  the  United  States,  the  gift 
to  it  of  an  American  merchant.  In  the  Library  of  Brown  Uni 
versity,  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  bound  in  as  fragrant  Russia  as 
ever  shed  its  odors  through  the  palace  workshop  of  Hayday, 
M'Kenzie  or  Riviere,  may  be  seen  an  edition  of  the  Year  Books, 
the  gift  of  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown,"  etc. 

Mr.  Brown  has  continued  to  present,  from  year  to  year,  valua 
ble  donations  to  the  Library,  chiefly  of  rare  and  costly  books. 

down  with  labor,  and  in  need  of  relaxation, —  he  was  the  first  to  suggest  the  remedy,  and 
the  most  active  in  providing  the  means  for  its  accomplishment.  In  all  the  efforts  made,  for 
the  last  thirty  years,  to  increase  the  Library,  and  improve  the  facilities  for  education,  he 
ever  bore  a  prominent  part.  His  interest  never  nagged,  when  anything  could  be  suggested 
to  improve  the  condition  of  the  Institution  which  he  loved  so  well.  If,  in  any  respect, 
Brown  University  has  gained  in  favor  with  the  public ;  if  it  has  taken  a  more  honorable 
rank  among  the  Colleges  of  New  England ;  if  its  means  of  education  have  been  rendered, 
in  any  respect,  ample,  and  its  Board  of  Instruction  such  as  would  adorn  any  similar  Insti 
tution  in  our  country ;  to  no  one  are  we  more  indebted  for  all  this,  than  to  the  late  Treas 
urer  of  the  University." 


102  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Among  them  may  be  mentioned,  in  illustration,  the  following, 
viz. :  JUSTINIANI  INSTITUTIONS,  large  folio,  Venetiis,  N.  Jenson, 

1477? a  splendid  copy  of  one  of  the  old  illuminated  books, 

bound  in  full  Kussia ;  BABYLONIAN  TALMUD,  twelve  volumes,  folio, 
bound  in  full  goat  gilt — a  sumptuous  copy;  BARNARD'S  Catalogus 
Bibliothecae  Regioe,  large  paper,  six  volumes,  folio;  MURATORI'S 
Rerum  Italicarum  Scriptores,  with  TARTINI'S  Continuation,  thirty 
volumes,  folio ;  JOURNAL  DES  DEB  ATS,  Paris,  1800-36,  seventy-four 
volumes,  folio ;  PANZER'S  Annales  Typographic!*,  eleven  volumes, 
quarto ;  LIVY'S  Decades  a  Lucca  Porro  Recognita,  folio,  Tarvisi, 
J.  Vercellius,  1482, —  an  uncommonly  fine  specimen  of  ancient 
typography;  the  LONDON  CHRONICLE,  1757-98,  eighty-three  vol 
umes,  quarto, — a  fine  clean  copy,  edges  un trimmed  ;  ARINGHI'S 
Roma  Subterranea  post  Bossium,  etc.,  two  volumes,  folio,  1659 ; 
COLLECTION  DE  DOCUMENTS  Inedits  sur  1'Histoire  de  France,  ninety- 
two  volumes,  quarto ;  Continuations  down  to  the  present  time  of 
TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY,  MEMORIES  de  Flnstitut  National 
de  France,  LE  MONITEUR  UNIVERSEL,  and  REAL  MUSEO  BORBONICO  ; 
NICHOL'S  Virgilii  Maronis  Hexaglotta,  edited  by  Sotheby,  folio, 
large  paper,  London,  1827 ;  additions  to  the  SHAKSPEARIAN  Collec 
tion,  etc.,  etc. 

During  the  year  1844,  Mr.  Philip  Allen,  Jr..  presented  to  the 
Library,  VIE  DE  NAPOLEON,  recontee  par  lui-meme,  four  volumes  ; 
JOMINI'S  Precis  de  1'Art  de  la  Guerre,  two  volumes ;  TRAITE  DES 
GRANDES  OPERATIONS  MILITAIRES,  four  volumes ;  HISTOIRE  DES  GUERRES 
DE  LA  REVOLUTION,  fifteen  volumes ;  KAUSLER'S  Great  Military  Atlas, 
with  two  hundred  colored  plates ;  and  a  fine  copy  of  the  GENERAL 
ATLAS  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge. 

The  Class  which  graduated  in  1821,  held  a  meeting  in  Provi 
dence,  a  quarter  of  a  century  from  the  time  of  their  graduation, 
at  which  a  considerable  sum  of  money  was  subscribed  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Library,  in  token  of  their  grateful  interest  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LIBRARY.  103 

Institution  at  which  they  were  educated.  The  money  thus 
obtained  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Webb,  of 
Boston,  who  purchased,  with  excellent  judgment,  about  five  hun 
dred  volumes,  mostly  from  the  library  of  the  Hon.  John  Picker 
ing.  They  comprise  a  variety  of  works  in  history,  literature  and 
science,  of  standard  character  and  of  permanent  value.  Among 
them  are  fifty  volumes  of  the  HISTOIRE  DE  I/ACADEMIE  Eoyal  des 
Inscriptions  et  Belles-Lettres,  FABRICII  Bibliotheca  Grasca,  four 
teen  volumes,  quarto,  and  a  large  thick  volume  of  PLUTARCH'S 
Lives,  in  Latin,  published  at  Kome,  in  1471.  This  last  volume  is 
one  of  the  oldest  books  in  the  Library.  Such  rare  instances  of 
liberality  on  the  part  of  a  class  is  deserving  of  special  commenda 
tion.  We  hope  to  chronicle  many  similar  instances  in  the  future. 
In  arranging  the  alcoves  of  a  college  library  it  would  be  wise  to 
reserve  shelves  to  be  filled  by  the  contributions  of  graduates. 

The  next  year,  1847,  a  valuable  addition  of  patristic  works 
was  made  to  the  Library,  through  the  agency  of  several  of  the 
leading  clergymen  of  the  city.  The  history  of  this  movement 
may  be  found  in  the  annual  report  of  the  joint  Library  Commit 
tee  to  the  Corporation,  an  extract  from  which  may  be  interesting 
to  the  general  reader  :  — 

The  deficiency  of  American  libraries  in  the  best  editions  of  the  early  Christian 
Fathers,  has  often  been  made  a  subject  of  public  regret  and  complaint.  The  deficiency 
of  our  own  Library  in  this  respect,  though  probably  not  greater  than  that  of  most 
others,  yet  had  often  been  remarked  by  those  whose  studies  had  led  them  to  investigate 
the  antiquities  of  the  Christian  church.  The  means  of  pursuing  such  inquiries  here, 
in  the  original  editions  of  authors,  were  exceedingly  limited  and  unsatisfactory.  The 
attention  of  the  friends  of  theological  learning  in  this  city  was  first  publicly  called  to 
this  fact  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Osgood,  minister  of  the  second  Unitarian  Church,  (now 
Rev.  Dr.  Osgood,  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  in  New  York,)  and  the 
proposition  was  made  that  a  sum  of  money  be  raised  in  the  several  parishes  of  the  city 
for  the  supply  of  this  deficiency,  and  for  furnishing  the  means  of  prosecuting  ecclesi 
astical  studies  to  the  clergy  of  the  several  Christian  denominations  here.  An  oppor 
tunity  of  purchasing  the  works  of  the  leading  Christian  Fathers,  was  soon  afterwards 


104  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

presented  in  the  sale  of  the  valuable  library  of  the  Rev.  Matthias  Bruen,  in  the  city 
of  New  York.  A  subscription  was  immediately  set  on  foot  by  several  clergymen  of 
this  city,  in  their  respective  parishes,  and  the  sum  of  twelve  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
was  soon  raised  for  the  purpose  above  mentioned,  and  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Committee.  Of  this  sum,  one  thousand  dollars  was  collected  by  Rev.  Mr.  Granger, 
one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  by  Rev.  Mr.  Osgood,  and  one  hundred  dollars  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Hall.  Subscriptions  are  also  understood  to  have  been  commenced  in  other 
parishes,  which,  it  has  been  intimated,  may  be  filled  up  at  a  future  day.  In  the  dispo 
sition  of  the  funds  furnished  by  this  subscription,  the  Committee  expended  about  nine 
hundred  dollars  at  the  sale  of  the  Bruen  library ;  the  remaining  three  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  purchase  of 
similar  works,  whenever  a  favorable  opportunity  shall  be  presented.  The  collection  of 
patristic  literature  which  has  thus  been  added  to  the  Library,  comprises  in  all,  one 
hundred  and  eighty-four  volumes,  viz.  :  Folios,  one  hundred  and  thirty ;  quartos, 
twenty-nine  ;  octavos,  twenty-three  ;  duodecimos,  two.  Among  them  are  the  BIBLIO- 
THECA  MAXIMA  VETERUM  PATRUM,  in  twenty-seven  volumes,  folio  ;  the  works  of 
AUGUSTINE,  of  AMBROSE,  of  BERNARD,  of  CHRYSOSTOM,  of  ALCUIN,  of  the  GRKGORIES, 
of  EUSEBIUS,  of  PIIILO,  of  JEROME,  and  of  many  others  of  the  early  Fathers  of  the 
Christian  church.  These  works  are  all  of  the  Paris  Benedictine  editions,  and  are  in 
excellent  condition.  They  have  greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  the  Library  to  all 
students  of  ecclesiastical  and  patristic  literature,  and  have  placed  it  among  the  very 
best  libraries  in  the  country,  so  far  as  this  department  of  learning  is  concerned.  It  is 
hoped  by  the  Committee,  that  the  volumes  which  have  thus  been  added  may  accomplish 
the  benevolent  design  of  the  contributors,  and  for  a  long  succession  of  generations, 
furnish  incitement  and  aid  to  the  clergy  of  this  city  and  its  vicinity,  in  studying  the 
writings  which  relate  to  the  origin  and  early  history  of  Christianity. 

To  this  collection  of  the  Fathers,  we  may  remark,  important 
additions  were  afterwards  made.  The  sum  of  money  eventually 
collected  by  the  clergymen  of  the  city  for  the  encouragement  of 
patristic  learning,  amounted  to  about  two  thousand  dollars. 

The  purchases  made  for  the  Library  during  the  year  1851 
now  claim  our  attention.  And  here  we  may  be  allowed  to  quote 
at  length  from  the  annual  report  of  the  joint  Library  Committee 
presented  to  the  Corporation  in  September,  1852 :  — 

The  Committee  call  attention,  in  the  first  place,  to  a  collection  bought  at  the  sale 
in  New  York,  of  the  library  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Jarvis.  Aware  of  the  great  value 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  105 

of  this  library,  probably  the  most  valuable  private  collection  ever  offered  at  auction  in 
this  country,  the  Committee  made  out  from  the  catalogue  a  list  of  works  which  they 
wished  to  secure,  and  authorized  the  Librarian  to  attend  the  sales,  and  make  the 
purchases  under  the  advice  of  the  sub-committee  on  books.  The  Librarian  executed 
his  commission  with  fidelity  and  good  judgment,  and  was  successful  in  procuring  most 
of  the  works  which  had  been  selected.  There  were  purchased  three  hundred  and 
eighty-six  volumes,  which  cost  altogether  nine  hundred  and  eight  dollars.  They  are 
mostly  rare  works,  difficult  to  be  obtained  even  in  Europe ;  they  are  almost  exclusively 
folios  and  quartos,  in  the  best  editions,  with  the  binding  and  all  outward  appointments, 
for  the  most  part,  of  the  first  quality  and  in  excellent  condition.  Among  them  are 
about  thirty  volumes  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Fathers,  which  go  far  towards  completing 
the  patristic  collection  in  the  Library,  especially  of  the  writers  of  the  first  six  centuries. 
There  are  also  among  them  extensive  historical  collections,  of  which  we  select  for 
mention  the  following,  viz.  :  — 

DOCIIESNE'S  Ancient  Norman  Historians,  from  838  to  1220,  folio;  DUCHESNE'S 
French  Historians,  down  to  the  time  of  Philip  IV.,  five  volumes,  folio;  SCIIOTT'S 
Spanish  Historians,  four  volumes,  folio ;  PISTORIUS'S  Body  of  Polish  History,  three 
volumes  in  one,  folio  ;  PISTORIUS'S  German  Historians,  four  volumes,  folio;  PANTANUS'S 
Danish  History,  folio ;  also  a  THESAURUS  of  Swiss  History,  in  one  volume,  folio ;  and 
the  great  Historical  Dictionary  of  MORERI,  in  ten  volumes,  folio.  Belonging  to  the 
department  of  ecclesiastical  history,  may  be  mentioned  the  thirteen  folio  volumes  of 
the  MAGDEBURGII  CENTURIATORS, —  the  foundation  work  of  protestant  church  history; 
also  ARNOLD'S  Impartial  History  of  Church  and  Heretics,  four  volumes,  folio  ;  NATALIS 
ALEXANDER'S  Ecclesiastical  History,  nine  volumes,  folio;  and  SUICER'S  Thesaurus 
Ecclesiasticus,  two  volumes  in  one,  folio.  Still  other  works  worthy  of  mention,  are  a 
line  copy  of  FOLARD'S  Polybius,  seven  volumes,  quarto ;  BROTIER'S  Tacitus,  four 
volumes,  quarto;  CALVIN'S  works,  nine  volumes,  folio, —  a  fine  copy  of  the  now  scarce 
Amsterdam  edition  of  1671 ;  MARVILIUS'S  Leipsic  edition  of  the  Theodosian  Code, 
six  volumes  in  seven,  folio;  and  SPANIIEIM'S  Dissertation  on  Ancient  Coins,  two 
volumes,  folio, —  a  copy  which  belonged  to  Gibbon's  private  library. 

These  books  have  cost  the  Library  a  large  outlay  of  money,  and  it  may  be  justly 
said  that  they  will  be  rarely  used ;  but  these  facts  are  not  the  criterion  of  their  value 
to  our  Library.  Belonging  as  they  do,  to  the  class  of  books  which  are  indispensable 
instruments  of  extensive  research,  and  which,  by  furnishing  the  requisite  materials 
and  authorities,  are  essential  means  for  the  production  of  original  and  elaborate  works 
on  the  various  subjects  of  which  they  treat,  they  mark,  by  their  introduction  to  our 
alcoves,  an  auspicious  event  in  the  history  of  the  Library ;  they  indicate  a  great  step 
of  progress,  in  the  right  direction,  of  the  Library  of  a  learned  Institution.  It  has 
often  been  mentioned  as  a  reproach,  or  at  least  as  an  evil  attaching  to  our  public  libra- 
u 


106  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

ries.  that  they  arc  quite  deficient  in  the  needful  materials  for  extensive  scientific  and 
literary  investigations.  Many  years  ago,  it  was  said  by  Fisher  Ames,  that  "all  our 
universities  would  not  suffice  to  supply  the  authorities  for  such  a  work  as  Gibbon's  "  ; 
and  a  remark  of  the  same  import  was  made  in  a  literary  address  delivered  a  few  years 
since  by  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Story.  Prof.  Jewett,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
asserts  in  one  of  his  annual  reports,  after  a  careful  examination,  that  "  Mr.  WIIKATON'S 
History  of  International  Law  could  not  have  been  written  in  this  country  from  the 
materials  contained  in  our  public  libraries."  Similar  assertions  have  been  made 
respecting  Mr.  TICKNOK'S  History  of  Spanish  Literature,  and  tho  historical  works  of 
PRESCOTT,  and  of  BANCROFT;  and  it  is  well  known  that  these  eminent  authors  were 
obliged  to  import  from  abroad  expensive  books,  and  to  go  to  Europe  themselves  to 
collect  materials  for  the  composition  of  these  works,  which  do  so  much  honor  to  the 
literature  of  the  country.  And  it  is  certainly  incumbent  upon  the  managers  of  public 
libraries  to  aim  to  remove,  by  pursuing  a  systematic  plan  from  year  to  year,  the  great 
evil  which  is  illustrated  by  all  these  facts.  It  is  with  such  a  view  as  this,  that  the 
works  above  described  have  been  purchased  for  our  Library,  as  well  us  others  of  similar 
character,  mentioned  in  former  reports  of  the  Library  Committee.  While  we  would 
not  neglect  other  acknowledged  objects  of  the  Library,  we  would  aim  to  make  it  as 
rapidly  as  possible  a  great  repository  of  learning ;  into  whose  inclosures  shall  grad 
ually  be  gathered  from  the  wide  domains  of  literature  all  works  which  are  of  ultimate 
authority  in  every  department  of  knowledge  ;  all  works,  whatever  they  may  be,  whether 
the  minutest  tract  or  the  amplest  folio,  which  can  facilitate  the  progress  of  the  future 
historian,  and  cast  a  sure  and  faithful  light  on  his  pathway.  We  may  mention,  in 
fortunate  coincidence  with  these  remarks,  that  some  of  the  books  purchased  at  the 
Jarvis  sale  formerly  belonged  to  Gibbon's  own  collection ;  indeed  we  may  say,  that  by 
means  of  the  additions  made  during  the  past  year,  and  of  other  recent  years,  the 
significant  remark  above  quoted  from  Fisher  Ames  and  Judge  Story,  has  already  lost 
well  nigh  all  its  force  in  its  bearings  upon  our  Library ;  and  we  need  only  follow  out 
on  a  systematic  plan  the  course  we  have  already  commenced,  and  the  period  is  not  far 
distant,  when  the  writers  of  our  own  land  and  of  other  lands,  who  may  aspire  to  rival 
in  industry  and  in  fame  the  Gibbons  of  former  times,  may  find  in  the  treasures  here 
accumulated  the  amplest  views  for  the  attainment  of  their  noble  ends. 

The  report  from  which  the  foregoing  extract  has  been  taken, 
was  prepared  by  Professor  Lincoln.  It  embodies  sound  wisdom, 
and  presents  views  worthy  the  consideration  of  the  managers  of 
our  public  libraries.  It  is  in  accordance  with  these  views  that 
the  Librarian  was  authorized  to  expend  the  Tallrnadge  bequest, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  107 

in  the  purchase  of  duplicates  from  the  Astor  Library.  The  Hon. 
James  Tallmadge,  LL.  D.,  to  whom  we  have  referred  in  our  His 
torical  Sketch,  was  a  graduate  under  President  Maxcy.  Upon 
his  death,  in  September,  1853,  he  bequeathed  to  the  University 
one  thousand  dollars,  for  the  improvement  of  the  Library.  At 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  in  September,  1854. 
it  was  — 

Resolved,  That  this  Corporation  would  express  their  deep  gratitude  for  this  token 
of  remembrance  from  one  of  their  most  distinguished  graduates  and  firmest  friends. 

Resolved,  That  the  Library  Committee  be  requested  to  appropriate  the  amount  of 
this  bequest  to  the  purchase  of  books,  and  to  take  such  measures  as  phall  indicate  the 
source  from  whence  they  have  been  derived. 

This  bequest,  as  we  have  already  stated,  was  expended  in  the 
purchase  of  choice  duplicates.  For  this  valuable  purchase  the 
Library  is  greatly  indebted  to  the  courtesy  and  professional  skill 
of  Dr.  Coggeshall,  the  late  efficient  Superintendent  of  the  Astor 
Library. 

We  may  be  pardoned  for  adding  another  extract  from  Pro 
fessor  Lincoln's  admirable  report,  referring  as  it  does  to  the  need 
of  a  new  Library  building,  constructed  in  accordance  with  the 
most  approved  principles  of  library  architecture; — a  need  which 
the  lapse  of  fifteen  years  has  only  increased.  Such  a  building, 
well  filled  with  useful  books,  would  become  a  centre  of  influence, 
and  the  home  and  resort  of  students  and  literary  men.  It  would 
be  instrumental  of  the  highest  good  to  the  community,  and  reflect 
lasting  credit  upon  the  liberality  of  the  friends  of  the  Institution, 
through  whom  we  trust  it  may  ere  long  be  built :  — 

The  Committee  cannot  close  this  report  without  adverting  to  a  subject  of  great 
and  growing  importance  to  the  Library  and  to  the  University,  and  one  that  has  forced 
itself  anew  upon  their  attention  in  preparing  these  returns,  namely,  the  desirableness 
of  taking  early  measures  for  either  enlarging  the  present  Library  hall,  or  what  is  far 
better,  if  practicable,  of  erecting  a  new  Library  building.  The  considerations  which 
prompt  such  a  suggestion  lie  very  near  at  hand,  and  seem  to  the  Committee  to  be  of 


108  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  most  pressing  character.  The  first  and  most  obvious  is  the  absolute  incapacity  of 
the  present  hall  to  meet  even  the  existing  wants  of  the  Library.  The  space  for  folios 
and  quartos  is  already  entirely  occupied.  Again,  the  present  building  is  very 

insecure.  As  is  well  known,  it  is  not  fire-proof.  It  is  obviously  very  unsafe  for  a 
valuable  Library  to  be  deposited  in  a  building  furnished  with  no  piovisioris  against  the 
casualties  of  fire,  especially  when  it  is  used,  as  is  ours,  for  various  other  College  pur 
poses.  The  recent  case  of  fire  in  the  Congress  Library  teaches  an  impressive  lesson  on 
this  point.  It  is  also  insecure  against  other  dangers ;  it  might  be  entered  at  ease  from 
nearly  any  point,  and  robbed  of  its  most  valuable  treasures.  To  these  considerations 
it  may  be  added  that  the  present  hall  is,  on  many  accounts,  inconvenient  for  a  large 
and  growing  Library.  The  shelves  are  quite  too  high,  and  they  ought  to  be  so  arranged 
as  to  obviate  the  necessity  of  the  ladders*  now  in  use.  There  are  also  no  suitable 
accommodations  for  pictures,  maps,  plates,  etc.,  of  which  we  have  now  a  very  numer 
ous  and  costly  collection.  All  these  facts  clearly  indicate  the  great  desirableness  of 
endeavoring  to  take  early  measures  for  a  new  and  lasting  improvement  in  this  most 
important  department  of  the  University.  It  is  believed  that,  in  the  present  state  of. 
the  University,  no  more  signal  service  could  be  conferred  upon  it  by  its  patrons  and 
friends,  than  the  erection,  on  some  suitable  part  of  the  College  grounds,  of  a  new 
edifice,  skillfully  planned  and  constructed,  and  furnished  with  all  the  requisite  appoint 
ments  for  the  exclusive  uses  of  the  Library ;  one  that  shall  be  capacious  enough  to 
accommodate  a  hundred  thousand  volumes,  and  so  built  as  to  be  capable  of  indefinite 
enlargement.  The  consummation  of  a  great  enterprise  like  this  would  be  a  most 
propitious  event  in  the  history  of  the  College.  It  would  place  the  fortunes  of  the 
Library  upon  a  firm  and  permanent  basis ;  and  the  most  sober-minded  of  its  friends 
might  indulge  in  brilliant  visions  of  its  future  prosperity  and  usefulness. 

In  looking  over  the  records  of  the  Corporation,  we  find  under 
date  of  September  5, 1856,  the  following  preamble  and  resolution, 
offered  by  Samuel  G.  Arnold  :  — 

Whereas,  Don  Gcronimo  Urmencta,  an  alumnus  of  this  University,  and  late 
Minister  of  Finance  of  the  Republic  of  Chili,  has  sent  through  Samuel  W.  Greene, 
Esq.,  the  elegant  works  of  CLAUDIO  GAY,  entitled,  Historia  fisica  y  politica  de  Chile, 
in  twenty-three  octavo  volumes  of  text,  and  two  quarto  volumes  of  plates,  Paris. 
1845-54,  as  a  present  to  the  Library  of  Brown  University, 

Resolved,  That  the  President  be  requested  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  same, 
and  convey  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  to  Senor  Urmeneta,  for  his  munificent  gift. 

*The  present  Librarian,  in  1858,  sprained  his  ankle  badly  by  falling  from  one  of  these 
high  ladders,  from  the  effects  of  which  fall  he  has  not  yet  entirely  recovered.  Dr.  Ebert, 
the  distinguished  German  Bibliographer  and  Librarian,  is  said  to  have  lost  his  life  in  this  way. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LIBRARY.  109 

Senor  Urmeneta  is  a  native  of  Santiago,  Chili,  and  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  men  of  that  country.  He  entered  the  Sopho 
more  class  at  Brown  in  1832,  but  did  not  graduate.  In  1851  he 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M,  and  in  1859  the  degree 
of  LL.  D.  He  has  continued  to  manifest  a  warm  regard  for  the 
place  of  his  education,  by  sending  to  the  Library  repeated  dona 
tions  of  valuable  books.  Some  of  these  are  worthy  of  special 
notice,  being  elegantly  printed,  on  large  paper,  of  superior 
quality.  Among  them  are  GALERIA  NACIONAL  o  Coleccion  de 
Biografias  i  Retratos  de  Hombres  Celebres  de  Chile,  edited  by 
Hermojenes  de  Irisarri  and  Miguel  Luis  Amunategui,  two  vol 
umes,  folio,  Santiago,  1854,  large  type  and  thick  heavy  paper, 
with  forty-eight  portraits;  COLECCION  DE  TRATADOS  celebrados  por 
la  Republica  de  Chile,  quarto,  Santiago,  1857;  OBSERVACIONES 
ASTRONOMICAS,  por  el  Dr.  Carlos  Guill?  Mcesta,  quarto,  Santiago, 
1859. 

In  1863,  the  late  venerable  Dr.  Crocker  presented  to  the 
Library  a  noble  folio,  bound  in  full  Turkey  morocco  and  richly 
gilt,  entitled  BIBLIA  SACRA  POLYGLOTTA  BAGSTERIANA,  London,  1831. 
This  work  presents  eight  languages  at  each  opening  of  the  vol 
ume.  It  comprises  the  Samaritan  Pentateuch,  the  Septuagint 
Greek  version  of  the  Old  Testament,  the  Vulgate  Latin.  Diodati's 
Italian,  Scio's  Spanish,  Ostervald's  French,  Luther's  German, 
the  authorized  version  of  the  English  Bible,  the  original  Greek 
text  of  the  New  Testament,  and  the  venerable  Peshito.  or  old 
Syriac  version.  Mr.  Crocker  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  the  class  of  1802.  In  1808  he  was  elected  to  a  Fellowship 
in  Brown  University,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death  in 
1866,  a  period  of  fifty-eight  years.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  joint  Library  Committee,  which  was  organized  in 
1840,  and  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  devoted  himself  to 
the  interests  of  the  Library  with  earnestness  and  zeal.  His  por 
trait  graces  the  Collection  in  Rhode  Island  Hall. 


HO  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

Among  the  recent  purchases  for  the  Library  are  a  special 
selection  of  about  five  hundred  volumes  of  works  on  Chem 
istry,  and  a  costly  collection  of  Architectural  books,  including 
DALY'S  Revue  Generale  de  1'Architecture  et  des  Travaux  Pub 
lics,  in  twenty-two  quarto  volumes ;  CANINA'S  Edifizi  di  Eoma 
Antica,  six  volumes,  folio ;  the  Architecture  of  LEON  BAPTISTA 
ALBERTI,  in  three  volumes,  folio ;  BOWMAN  &  CROWTHER'S  churches 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  two  volumes,  folio ;  BRUYERE'S  Etudes  rela 
tives  a  1'Art  des  Constructions,  two  volumes,  folio ;  CALLIAT'S  Par 
allele  des  Maisons  de  Paris,  folio ;  CARTER'S  Ancient  Architecture 
of  England,  folio  ;  CASTERMAN'S  Parallele  des  Maisons  de  Bruxelles, 
folio ;  CONEY'S  Ecclesiastical  Edifices  of  the  Olden  Time,  two  vol 
umes,  folio ;  D'AGINCOURT'S  Storia  dell'  Arte,  six  volumes,  royal 
octavo  of  text,  and  one  volume,  folio,  of  plates ;  DAHLBERG'S 
Suecia  Antiqua  et  Hodierna,  three  volumes,  folio;  DELAMOTTE'S 
Original  Views  of  Oxford,  folio ;  DUGDALE'S  Monasticon  Anglica- 
num,  eight  volumes,  folio ;  DURAND'S  Recueil  et  Parallele  Edifices 
en  tout  Genre,  folio;  FRANCHETTI'S  Storia  e  Descrizione  del  Duomo 
di  Milano,  quarto;  GAILHABAUD'S  Architecture  du  Vmo  an  XVlIme 
Siecle  et  les  Arts  qui  en  dependent,  four  volumes,  quarto,  and  one 
volume,  folio ;  GAUCHEREL'S  Examples  de  Decoration,  folio ;  GAU- 
THER'S  Plus  beaux  Edifices  de  la  Ville  de  Genes,  two  volumes, 
folio ;  GOURLIER'S  BIET'S,  etc.,  Choix  d'  Edifices  Publics,  three  vol 
umes,  folio ;  GRAFFENRIED  &  STURLER'S  Architecture  Suisse,  folio  ; 
GWILT'S  Encyclopedia  of  Architecture,  thick  octavo;  GYFFORD'S 
Designs  for  small  picturesque  Cottages,  quarto;  HIRT'S  Geschiehte 
der  Baukunst  bei  den  Alten,  three  volumes,  quarto,  and  one  vol 
ume,  folio;  HOPE'S  Historical  Essay  on  Architecture,  two  vol 
umes  octavo ;  ISABELLAS  Edifices  Circulates  et  les  Domes,  folio ; 
KRAFFT'S  Recueil  d'  Architecture,  folio ;  LETAROUILLY'S  Edifices  de 
Rome  Moderne,  three  volumes,  quarto,  of  text,  and  three  volumes, 
folio,  of  plates;  LOUDON'S  Encyclopedia  of  Cottage,  Farm  and  Villa 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  Ill 

Architecture,  thick  octavo;  N  ASH'S  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
folio  ;  NICHOLSON'S  Encyclopaedia  of  Architecture,  two  volumes, 
quarto ;  PAPWORTH'S  Eural  Residences,  (twenty-seven  colored 
plates,)  quarto;  PENROSE'S  Investigation  of  the  principles  of  Athe 
nian  Architecture,  folio ;  PLAW'S  Ferme  Ornee,  or  Rural  Improve 
ments,  quarto ;  PLAW'S  Rural  Architecture,  quarto ;  POCOCK'S  Archi 
tectural  Designs,  quarto ;  PUGLN'S  True  Principles  of  Pointed  or 
Christian  Architecture,  quarto ;  RAWLINSON'S  Designs  for  tall  Chim 
ney  Shafts,  folio ;  REYNAUD'S  Traite  d'  Architecture,  two  volumes, 
quarto,  of  text,  and  one  volume,  folio,  of  plates ;  RICHARDSON'S 
Studies  from  old  English  Mansions,  four  volumes,  folio;  RONDELET'S 
Art  de  Batir,  five  volumes,  quarto,  of  text,  and  one  volume,  folio, 
of  plates ;  RUSCA'S  Raccolta  dei  Disegni  di  diverse  Fabbriche  in 
Pietroburgo,  folio;  SHAW'S  Encyclopaedia  of  Ornament,  quarto; 
SHAW'S  Civil  Architecture,  quarto ;  SIMMS'S  Public  Works  of  Great 
Britain,  folio ;  SMILLIE  &  WALTER'S  Mount  Auburn  Illustrated, 
quarto ;  SOANE'S  Sketches  in  Architecture,  folio ;  TURNER'S  Domes 
tic  Architecture,  two  volumes,  octavo ;  The  Civil  Architecture  of 
VITRUVIUS,  by  Wilkins,  quarto;  WEALE'S  Theory,  Practice  and 
Architecture  of  Bridges,  three  volumes,  octavo ;  WEALE'S  Exam 
ples  in  Architectural,  Engineering  and  Mechanical  Drawing,  folio; 
WEALE'S  Public  Works  of  the  United  States,  folio;  WICKES'S  Spires 
and  Towers  of  the  Mediaeval  Churches  of  England,  two  volumes, 
folio ;  WORNUM'S  Analysis  of  Ornament,  octavo ;  WYATT'S  Metal- 
work  and  its  Artistic  Design,  (printed  in  colors,)  folio. 

But  our  limits  will  not  admit  of  further  details.  From  this 
imperfect  sketch  it  will  be  seen,  that  the  Library  of  Brown 
University,  although  not  large,  numbering  but  about  thirty-five 
thousand  volumes,  is  unusually  choice  and  valuable.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  books  have  been  selected  with  special  reference 
to  the  wants  of  students,  and  gentlemen  engaged  in  literary  and 
scientific  research.  The  departments  of  bibliography,  the  classics, 


112  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

English  history  and  literature,  ecclesiastical  history,  patristics, 
mathematics,  the  modern  languages,  and  the  fine  arts,  are  quite 
full,  and  comparatively  complete.  The  Library  has  a  good  col 
lection  of  books  pertaining  to  the  history  and  literature  of  the 
English  Dissenters.  In  modern  law  books,  in  works  on  anatomy 
and  medicine,  botany,  natural  history,  and  the  mechanical  arts, 
there  are  lamentable  deficiencies.  The  Library  has  comparatively 
but  few  duplicates.  In  addition  to  the  Metcalf  collection  already 
described,  it  has  a  large  number  of  bound  and  unbound  pam 
phlets,  "  those  leaves  of  an  hour,  and  volumes  of  a  season,  and 
even  of  a  week,"  which,  says  D'Israeli,  "  slight  and  evanescent 
things  as  they  appear,  and  scorned  at  by  opposite  parties,  while 
each  cherishes  its  own,  are  in  truth  the  records  of  the  public 
mind,  the  secret  history  of  a  people,  which  does  not  always 
appear  in  the  more  open  narrative." 

Several  of  the  College  Professors  have  good  libraries  in  the 
specialities  to  which  they  are  devoted.  That  of  President  Sears 
is  deserving  of  notice.  It  contains  upwards  of  seven  thousand 
volumes,  the  greater  part  of  which  are  in  the  German  and  Latin 
languages.  The  most  valuable  part  of  it  consists  of  SPECIAL  HISTO 
RIES  and  BIOGRAPHIES,  particularly  those  relating  to  the  period  of  the 
Reformation,  and  what  preceded  and  followed  it.  The  Eev.  Dr. 
Dunn,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature,  has  an  excel 
lent  Belles-Lettres  library  of  about  three  thousand  volumes,  includ 
ing  a  choice  collection  of  German  Exegetical  works,  and  books 
adapted  to  the  critical  study  of  the  Scriptures.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Diman,  Professor  of  History  and  Political  Economy,  has  a  fine 
collection  of  books  in  his  department,  and  especially  rich  in 
Metaphysics  and  German  Philosophies.  Professors  Lincoln  and 
Harkness  have  also,  each  of  them,  a  good  working  apparatus  for 
the  study  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  113 

In  this  connection  it  may  not  be  improper  to  refer  to  the 
private  collection  of  Mr.  Brown,  to  whose  liberality,  as  we  have 
already  seen,  the  College  Library  is  so  greatly  indebted.  It 
contains  upwards  of  ten  thousand  volumes,  mostly  rare  works 
pertaining  to  early  American  history.  As  an  illustration  of  its 
character  and  value,  we  may  be  allowed  to  quote  from  our  Libra 
rian's  Manual,*  a  work  recently  published  :  "  These  two  Cata 
logues,  (Rich's  Bibliotheca  and  Supplement,)  although  they  con 
tain  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  twenty-three  articles,  are  far 
from  being  complete.  A  merchant  of  Providence,  well  known  to 
the  amateurs  of  this  class  of  books,  has  in  his  own  private  collec 
tion  three  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-one  early  works  upon 
America,  published  between  the  years  1700  and  1800,  of  which 
one  thousand  five  hundred  and  twelve  are  not  mentioned  by 
Rich.  He  has  also  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventy-four 
works  published  previous  to  the  year  1700,  of  which  five  hundred 
and  nine  are  not  mentioned  by  Ternaux ;  thus  making  four  thou 
sand  four  hundred  and  five  separate  works  relating  to  America 
and  published  previous  to  the  year  1800,  of  which  two  thousand 
and  twenty-one  were  unknown  to  the  eminent  American  bibliog 
raphers,  whose  catalogues  are  described  in  this  list."  The  most 
costly  of  all  collections  of  books  is  the  one  of  which  Hariot's 
Virginia  forms  a  part,  and  which  is  known  as  DE  BRY'S  VOYAGES. 
This  is  a  collection  of  voyages  and  travels  in  Asia,  Africa,  and 
America.  Its  publication  was  commenced  in  the  year  1590,  by 
De  Bry,  an  eminent  engraver  and  bookseller  at  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  and  continued  by  himself  and  his  successors  for  forty-four 
years.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  maps  and  the  finest  engrav 
ings  executed  at  that  period.  The  series  make  twenty-five  folio 

*THE  LIBRARIAN'S  MANUAL;    a  Treatise    on   bibliography,    comprising   a  select  and 
descriptive  list  of  bibliographical  works ;    to  which  are  added,  sketches  of  Public  Libraries. 
Illustrated  with  Engravings.      4to.,  New  York,  G.  B.  Norton,  1858,  pp.  314. 
15 


114  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

volumes,  thirteen  of  which  relate  to  America.  It  was  published 
in  Latin  and  in  German,  and  in  French  and  English  in  part.  It 
also  underwent  many  changes  and  variations.  A  complete  set 
of  this  exceedingly  rare  work,  including  every  edition  and  varia 
tion  known,  making  nearly  a  hundred  volumes,  forms  a  part  of 
Mr.  Brown's  library. 

Previous  to  the  year  1824,  the  duties  of  the  Librarian  were 
performed  by  one  of  the  College  tutors.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  those  who  have  filled  this  office,  viz. :  Hon.  Asher 
Eobbins,  William  Wilkinson,  President  Maxcy,  President  Messer, 
Kev.  Otis  Thompson,  Prof.  Calvin  Park,  William  Emmons,  Hon. 
John  Bailey,  Doct.  Caleb  H.  Snow,  Peter  Pratt,  Aaron  Brooks, 
Hon.  Horace  Mann,  and  C.  Simmer  Smith.  From  1824  till  1840, 
the  office  was  filled  by  Prof.  Horatio  G.  Bowen.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Prof.  C.  C.  Jewett,  who  held  the  office  seven  years.  The  pres 
ent  incumbent  entered  upon  his  duties  in  March,  1848.  Prof. 
William  Gamin  ell,  was  Librarian  pro  te?n,  from  September  14, 1840, 
to  June  3,  1841,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caswell,  from  June  3,  1841,  to 
October  11,  1841,  when  Prof.  Jewett  commenced  his  services. 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Dunn,  was  chosen  Assistant  Librarian,  September 
26,  1843,  and  took  charge  of  the  Library  during  Mr.  Jewett's 
absence  in  Europe.  The  following  graduates  have  also  acted  as 
Assistant  Librarians,  viz. :  Asa  H.  Gould,  Charles  J.  Muenscher, 
Judson  Benjamin,  Franklin  J.  Dickman,  Reuben  A.  Guild,  James 
B.  Angell,  Heman  L.  Wayland,  William  H.  Mills,  Samuel  Brooks, 
Edward  T.  Caswell,  Samuel  C.  Eastman,  and  Edward  H.  Cutler. 

The  Library  is  open  during  term-time,  daily,  from  nine  till 
one ;  during  vacations,  weekly,  on  Saturdays,  from  ten  till  one. 
The  members  of  the  Corporation  and  Faculty ;  all  resident  grad 
uates  ;  all  donors  to  the  Library  fund  ;  all  donors  to  the  fund  for 
building  Rhode  Island  Hall ;  and  all  donors  to  the  Library  to  the 
amount  of  forty  dollars,  residing  in  Providence,  are  entitled  to 


HISTORY    OF    THE    LIBRARY.  115 

the  use  of  the  Library  without  expense.  Undergraduates  are 
entitled  to  the  use  of  the  Library,  and  are  charged  therefor  the 
sum  of  three  dollars  per  annum. 

The  privilege  of  consulting  the  Library  is  extended,  under 
ordinary  restrictions,  to  all  graduates  of  the  University ;  to  all 
settled  clergymen,  of  every  denomination,  residing  in  the  city  of 
Providence  and  the  vicinity ;  and  to  all  other  persons  on  whom, 
for  the  purpose  of  advancing  the  arts,  science  or  literature,  the 
Corporation  or  Library  Committee  may,  from  time  to  time,  confer 
it.  Books  are  occasionally  loaned  to  persons  at  a  distance,  by 
special  permission. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  general  regulations  of  the 
Library,  established  by  a  vote  of  the  Corporation  of  Brown  Uni 
versity,  at  their  annual  meeting,  September  2,  1841 : — 

No  book  shall  be  borrowed  from  the  Library  or  returned  to  it  without  the  know 
ledge  and  presence  of  the  Librarian  or  his  assistant,  who  shall  take  particular  notice 
of  tho  state  of  each  book,  when  delivered  out,  and  when  returned.  And  every  book, 
when  lent,  shall,  if  the  Librarian  so  direct,  have  a  proper  cover  on  it,  which  shall  be 
returned  undefaced,  with  the  book.  And  the  Librarian  shall  require  of  the  borrower  a 
receipt  for  every  book,  if  he  be  present;  otherwise  the  book  may  be  delivered  on  his 
written  application.  In  no  case,  however,  shall  books  be  lent  to  undergraduates,  unless 
they  are  present  to  sign  a  receipt  for  the  same. 

No  person  except  officers  of  instruction  shall  borrow  from  the  Library  more  than 
one  folio,  which  he  may  keep  four  weeks ;  or  one  quarto,  which  he  may  keep  three 
weeks ;  or  two  octavos  or  two  duodecimos,  which  he  may  keep  two  weeks. 

For  every  book  not  returned  at  the  time  specified,  the  person  borrowing  it  shall 
pay  for  each  folio  or  quarto,  three  cents ;  and  for  each  octavo  or  duodecimo,  two  cents, 
for  every  day,  until  it  shall  be  returned. 

All  the  books,  whether  in  possession  of  undergraduates,  resident  graduates,  officers 
of  instruction,  members  of  the  Corporation,  or  others,  shall  be  returned  to  the  Library, 
on  or  before  the  Friday  preceding  the  close  of  each  Collegiate  term.  Any  person 
who  may  fail  to  comply  with  this  requirement,  shall  pay  twenty-five  cents  for  each 
volume  of  which  he  retains  possession. 

If  any  book  borrowed  from  the  Library  be  injured  or  defaced  by  writing  in  it  or 
otherwise,  or  be  lost,  the  Librarian  shall  make  immediate  report  of  it  to  the  Library 


116  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Committee.  And  if  the  borrower  be  a  graduate  or  undergraduate,  the  Library  Com 
mittee  shall  oblige  him  to  replace  it  as  soon  as  possible,  with  one  of  equal  value  ;  or 
they  may  punish  him  by  6ne  or  otherwise ;  and  if  such  volume  be  part  of  a  set,  the 
borrower  shall  be  obliged  to  replace  the  whole  set,  or  be  punished,  as  above ;  and  until 
this  be  done,  he  shall  not  be  allowed  to  borrow  any  other  book. 

No  book  can  be  renewed  to  any  undergraduate  or  resident  graduate,  unless  it  be 
brought  to  the  Library. 

No  undergraduate,  while  receiving  books,  shall  take  down  any  book  from  the 
shelves  without  special  permission  from  the  Librarian. 

No  person  shall  lend  to  any  other  a  book  which  he  has  borrowed  from  the  Library, 
nor  let  it  go  from  under  his  personal  custody.  And  no  book  shall,  by  any  person,  be 
carried  out  of  the  city  of  Providence,  without  the  special  permission  of  the  Corpora 
tion  or  of  the  Library  Committee. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Librarian  is  held  specially  responsible  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the 
books,  etc  ,  belonging  to  the  Library,  no  person  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  the  Library, 
unaccompanied  by  him  or  by  his  authorized  agent. 

If  any  undergraduate  desires  to  borrow  a  book,  which  is  lent  out  of  the  Library, 
he  may  leave  his  name  and  the  title  of  the  book  with  the  Librarian,  and  when  the 
book  shall  be  returned,  the  Librarian  shall  reserve  it  for  the  person  so  applying;  pro 
vided  he  call  for  it  at  his  next  time  of  receiving  books  from  the  Library. 

Such  books,  maps,  charts,  etc.,  as  have  been,  or  which  may  be  presented,  with  the 
intention  or  request  that  they  shall  not  be  lent  from  the  Library,  shall  in  no  case  be 
lent  therefrom.  Books  which  are  valuable  for  their  plates,  or  for  their  rarity  or  anti 
quity,  and  all  others  which  the  Library  Committee  may  designate  as  works  of  reference, 
shall  not  be  lent ;  but  may  be  freely  consulted  in  the  Library. 

The  privileges  of  the  Library  shall  be  withdrawn  from  all  such  persons  as  may 
incur  fines  under  the  preceding  regulations,  until  such  fines  shall  have  been  paid. 
And  the  Librarian  is  authorized  to  suspend  or  withdraw  the  privilege  of  borrowing 
books  from  the  Library,  or  of  reading  books  therein,  from  any  person  who  may  wilfully 
violate  any  of  its  regulations. 

The  joint  Library  Committee  are  authorized  to  establish,  from  time  to  time,  such 
additional  regulations,  not  incompatible  with  the  laws  of  the  University,  as  shall  be 
found  proper  and  necessary,  for  the  safety  of  the  Library  and  the  duo  administration 
of  its  concerns.  All  such  additional  regulations  shall,  however,  be  reported  to  the 
Corporation. 


HISTORY 


COLLEGE    CHARTER 


1763-1863. 


CHARTER. 


HE  history  of  the  Charter  of  Brown  University  is  one  of 
struggle  against  opposing  influences,  arising  in  part  from 
the  sectarian  feeling  so  prevalent  throughout  New  England  a 
century  ago,  and  which  appears  to  have  been  particularly  bitter 
towards  the  denomination  under  whose  auspices  the  College  in 
Rhode  Island  was  founded.  The  LIFE  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF 
MANNING  abounds  in  illustrations  of  this  feeling  towards  the 
Institution  over  which  he  presided,  and  also  of  ecclesiastical 
oppression,  to  resist  which  was  one  of  the  main  causes  that  led 
to  the  formation  of  the  Warren  Association.  In  the  light  of  an 
advancing  civilization  all  this  has  now  passed  away; — if  occa 
sionally  recalled  to  remembrance,  it  is  only  in  the  spirit  of  kind 
ness,  as  an  impressive  admonition  to  the  fuller  exercise  of  that 
charity  which  "beareth  all  things."  A  faithful  account  of  the 
College  Charter,  must  of  necessity  reflect  somewhat  upon  the 
character  of  great  and  good  men,  whose  names  have  passed  into 
history,  and  whose  memories  are  precious.  On  this  point  we 
may  be  allowed  to  quote  the  remarks  of  Professor  Knowles,  in 
his  preface  to  the  Memoir  of  Roger  Williams.  "  We  must  not," 
he  says,  "  in  order  to  promote  or  defend  religion,  attempt  to  con 
ceal  events  which  history  has  already  recorded,  and  much  less  to 


120  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

palliate  conduct  which  we  cannot  justify.  Let  us  rather  confess, 
with  frankness  and  humility,  our  own  faults,  and  those  of  our 
fathers ;  learn  wisdom  from  past  errors ;  and  bring  ourselves  and 
others,  as  speedily  as  possibly,  to  the  adoption  of  those  pure  prin 
ciples  by  which  alone  Christianity  can  be  sustained  and  diffused. 
The  book  of  God  records,  among  its  salutary  lessons,  the  mistakes 
and  sins  of  good  men." 

In  the  cabinet  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society  is  a 
manuscript  volume  by  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  entitled,  MATE 
RIALS  TOWARDS  A  HISTORY  OF  THE  BAPTISTS  IN  RHODE  ISLAND,  in  which 
the  author  gives  a  sketch  of  the  early  history  of  the  College. 
This  sketch,  which  is  published  in  Staples's  Annals  of  Providence, 
contains  a  narrative  by  President  Manning,  written  a  few  years 
after  the  occurrence  of  the  events  described.  This  narrative  is 
incorporated  in  our  former  work,  and  reproduced  here  in  order 
to  give  completeness  to  this  chapter  of  our  College  History:  — 

In  the  month  of  July,  1763,  we  arrived  at  Newport,  and  made  a  motion  to  several 
gentlemen  of  the  Baptist  denomination  —  whereof  Col.  Gardner,  the  Deputy  Governor, 
was  one  —  relative  to  a  seminary  of  polite  literature,  subject  to  the  government  o?  the 
Baptists.  The  motion  was  properly  attended  to,  which  brought  together  about  iifteen 
gentlemen  of  the  same  denomination  at  the  Deputy's  house,  who  requested  that  I 
would  draw  a  sketch  of  the  design,  against  the  day  following.  That  day  came  ;  and 
the  said  gentlemen,  with  other  Baptists,  met  in  the  s*ame  place,  when  a  rough  draught 
was  produced  and  read. — the  tenor  of  which  was,  that  the  Institution  was  to  be  a 
Baptist  one,  but  that  as  many  of  other  denominations  should  be  taken  in  as  was  con 
sistent  with  the  said  design.  Accordingly,  the  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon  and  Colonel  Job 
Bonnet,  were  appointed  to  draw  a  Charter  to  be  laid  before  the  next  General  Assem 
bly,  with  a  petition  that  they  would  pass  it  into  a  law.  But  the  said  gentlemen  plead 
ing  unskillfulness  touching  an  affair  of  the  kind,  requested  that  their  trusty  friend,  the 
Rev.  Ezra,  now  Dr.  Stiles,  might  be  solicited  to  assist  them.  This  was  opposed  by 
me,  as  unwilling  to  give  the  Doctor  trouble  about  an  aifair  of  other  people  ;  buf  they 
urged  that  his  love  of  learning  and  Catholicism  would  induce  him  readily  to  give  his 
assistance  Accordingly  their  proposition  was  consented  to,  and  his  assistance  obtained  ; 
or,  rather,  the  draughting  of  the  Charter  was  left  entirely  to  him,  after  being  told 
that  the  Baptists  were  to  have  the  lead  in  the  Institution,  and  the  government  thereof, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  121 

forever ;  and  that  no  more  of  other  denominations  were  to  be  admitted  than  would  be 
consistent  with  that.  The  Charter  was  drawn,  and  a  time  and  place  were  appointed 
for  the  parties  concerned  to  meet  and  hear  it  read.  But  the  vessel  in  which  I  was  to 
sail  for  Halifax  going  off  that  day,  prevented  my  being  present  with  them  long  enough 
to  see  whether  the  original  design  was  secured ;  and  as  the  Corporation  was  made  to 
consist  of  two  branches,  Trustees  and  Fellows,  and  these  branches  to  sit  and  act  by 
distinct  and  separate  powers,  it  was  not  easy  to  determine,  by  a  transient  hearing, 
what  those  powers  might  be.  The  Trustees  were  presumed  to  be  the  principal  branch 
of  authority ;  and  as  nineteen  out  of  thirty-five  were  to  be  Baptists,  the  Baptists  were 
satisfied,  without  sufficient  examination  into  the  authority  vested  in  the  Fellowship, 
which  afterwards  appeared  to  be  the  soul  of  the  Institution,  while  the  Trusteeship  was 
only  the  body.  Placing,  therefore,  an  entire  confidence  in  Dr.  Stiles,  they  agreed  to 
join  in  a  petition  to  the  Assembly  to  have  the  Charter  confirmed  by  authority.'* 

*  Prof.  Kingsley,  in  his  life  of  Dr.  Stiles,  states  that  "  a  committee  of  Baptists  and  Con- 
gregationalists  was  appointed  to  draft  a  Charter  of  a  College ;  and  of  this  body,  Mr.  Stiles 
and  Mr.  William  Ellery  were  designated  to  prepare  such  an  instrument  for  their  considera 
tion."  "  It  is  highly  probable,"  he  further  adds,  "  from  internal  evidence,  that  the  Charter 
was  drawn  principally  by  Mr.  Stiles  ;  Mr.  Ellery  having  little  concern  in  preparing  it, 
except  to  see  to  the  correctness  of  the  legal  language.  Whoever  drew  it,  he  had  obviously 
before  him  the  charters  of  Yale  College,  and  was  familiar  with  the  questions  which  had 
arisen  with  respect  to  them.  The  privileges  secured  to  the  University  by  this  Charter  are 
very  ample ;  and  the  language  of  the  several  provisions  is  remarkably  full,  precise,  and 
explicit.  It  is,  undoubtedly,  in  many  respects,  one  of  the  best  college  charters  in  !N  ew 
England." 

From  Prof.  Kingsley 's  statements,  it  would  appear  that  Baptists  and  Congregationalists 
were  alike  interested  in  the  movement,  and  that  a  joint  committee  representing  the  two 
denominations  was  appointed  to  draft  the  Charter.  From  the  statements,  however,  of 
Backus,  Edwards,  Manning,  and  Jenckes,  it  is  evident  that  Baptists  alone  were  the  originators 
of  the  undertaking ;  that  Baptists  alone  met  at  the  Deputy  Governor's  house,  in  Newport,  in 
July,  1763 ;  that,  of  their  number,  Lyndon  and  Bennet  were  appointed  to  draft  a  Charter 
in  accordance  with  a  plan  sketched  by  Manning;  that  these  gentlemen,  "pleading  unskill- 
fulness,"  requested  that  Dr.  Stiles  "  might  be  solicited  to  assist  them" ;  and  that  this  was  at 
first  opposed  by  Manning,  who  was  "unwilling  to  give  the  Doctor  trouble  about  an  affair  of 
other  people."  The  following  memorandum,  found  among  the  papers  of  Dr.  Stiles,  furnishes 
the  key  to  Professor  Kingsley' s  narrative,  and  leaves,  says  President  Sears,  no  room  to 
suspect  any  want  of  candor  on  the  part  of  the  latter  :  "A  Charter  draughted  by  a  com 
mittee  of  Baptists  and  Presbyterians,  for  a  College  in  Rhode  Island,  was  preferred  to  the 
Assembly,  August,  1763,  read  and  continued.  After  this,  the  Baptists  deserted  the  Presby 
terians,  and  prepared  the  same  Charter,  with  the  alteration  of  the  proportions  of  the 
denominations  in  the  Corporation.  This  passed  the  Assembly  at  their  session  at  Greenwich, 
by  adjournment  last  Tuesday,  February,  1764."  See  appendix  to  President  Sears' s  Centen 
nial  Discourse,  page  65.  The  original  Charter  is  published  in  the  appendix  to  MANNING 
AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  (pages  465-82,)  together  with  the  alterations  to  which  Dr.  Stiles 
refers.  These  alterations  were  many  and  important,  as  the  reader  may  see  at  a  glance. 
16 


122  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  following  is  the  petition  to  which  Manning  in  his  narra- 
tive  refers,  copied  from  the  original  document.  The  signatures 
to  the  document,  it  may  be  remarked,  are  genuine :  — 

To  the  Honorable,  the  General  Assembly  of  His  Majesty's  Colony  of  Rhode  Island, 
to  be  held  at  Newport  on  the  first  Monday  of  August,  A  D.  1763,  by  adjournment. 

THE  PETITION  OF  DIVERS  OF  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  SAID  COLONY. 

Whereas,  Institutions  for  liberal  education  arc  highly  beneficial  to  society  by 
forming  the  rising  generation  to  virtue,  knowledge,  and  useful  literature,  and  thus 
preserving  in  a  community  a  succession  of  men  qualified  for  discharging  the  offices  of 
life  with  usefulness  and  reputation,  and  have  always  merited  and  received  the  public 
attention  and  encouragement  of  every  wise,  polite  and  well  regulated  State :  And 
whereas  a  public  school  or  seminary  erected  for  this  purpose  within  this  Colony,  to 
which  the  youth  may  freely  resort  for  education  in  the  vernacular  and  learned  lan 
guages,  and  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  would  be  for  the  general 
advantage  and  honor  of  this  government :  And  whereas  there  is  a  confessed  absence 
of  polite  and  useful  learning  in  this  Colony,  your  petitioners,  affected  with  a  deep 
sense  thereof,  and  prompted  alone  by  motives  drawn  from  the  public  good,  and  desirous, 
as  far  as  in  them  lies,  to  subserve  the  political  interests  of  this  His  Mujesty's  Colony, 
and  solicitous  for  cultivating  the  morals  and  informing  the  knowledge  of  the  rising 
generation,  upon  which  foundation  the  harmony,  good  order,  and  reputation  of  society 
depend, —  HUMBLY  show,  that  for  the  good  intents  and  purposes  above  mentioned  they 
have  concerted  and  planned  the  Charter  herewith  presented,  and  the  same,  having 
carefully  considered  and  revised,  do  propose  and  submit  it  to  the  consideration  of  this 
honorable  Assembly,  requesting  your  Honors  that,  out  of  your  great  regard  for  useful 
literature,  and  the  good  morals  of  the  youth  of  this  Colony,  and  others  that  may  resort 
to  this  same  for  the  advantages  of  education,  you  would  give  your  assent  to  and  grant 
and  confirm  the  aforesaid  Charter,  with  all  its  powers,  privileges  and  immunities,  as 
amply  and  fully  as  in  said  Charter  is  specified  and  expressed  :  And  your  petitioners 
as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

Nicholas  Tillingliast,  Charles  Wickham,  Silas  Cooke,  Peter  Mumford,  Samuel 
Fowler,  Joseph  Clarke,  Thomas  Rodman,  Thomas  Wickham,  Jr.,  Benjamin  Mason, 
Thomas  Rodman,  Jr.,  Henry  Ward,  John  Bowers,  Oliver  Arnold,  William  Burroughs, 
Standford  Wyatt,  William  Taggart,  Jonathan  Easton,  Jonathan  Otis,  Nicholas  Ward, 
Jr.,  Jonathan  Rogers,  Robert  Potter,  Samuel  Ward,  Job  Bennet,  Joshua  Clarke, 
Gardner  Thurston,  Josias  Lyndon,  John  Wheaton,  William  Ellery,  Jr.,  Jonathan 
Willson,  Gideon  Cornell,  Martin  Howard,  Israel  Brayton,  Paul  Coffin,  Charles 
Bardin,  John  Freby,  Benjamin  Sherburne,  Sylvester  Child,  Caleb  Gardner,  Jonathan 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  123 

Nichols,  Shubael  Barr,  Cromel  Child,  William  Vernon,  J.  Gardner,  Joseph  Sanford, 
John  Tillinghast,  Nicholas  Easton,  Joshua  Saunders,  James  Tanner,  John  Tanner, 
Robert  Stevens,  Samuel  Greene,  Joseph  G.  Wanton,  David  Moore,  Samuel  Lyndon, 
Elnathan  Hammond,  Nathan  Rice,  James  Gardner,  Clarke  Brown,  Benjamin  Hall, 
Esek  Burroughs,  Joseph  Rodman,  William  Rogers. 

The  petition,  continues  Manning,  in  his  narrative,  was  preferred,  and  cheerfully 
received,  and  the  Charter  read ;  after  which  a  vote  was  called  for,  and  urged  by  some 
to  pass  into  a  law.  But  this  was  opposed  by  others,  particularly  by  Daniel  Jenckes, 
Esq.,  member  for  Providence,  who  contended  that  the  Assembly  required  more  time 
to  examine  whether  it  was  agreeable  to  the  design  of  the  first  movers  for  it,  and  there 
fore  prayed  the  house  to  have  the  perusal  of  it  while  they  adjourned  for  dinner.  This 
was  granted,  with  some  opposition.  Then  he  asked  the  Governor,  who  was  a  Baptist, 
whom  they  intended  to  invest  with  the  governing  power  in  said  Institution?  The 
Governor  answered,  "  The  Baptists,  by  all  means."  Then  Mr.  Jenckes  showed  him 
that  the  Charter  was  so  artfully  constructed  as  to  throw  the  power  into  the  Fellows' 
hands,  whereof  eight  out  of  twelve  were  Presbyterians,  usually  called  Congregation- 
alists,  and  that  the  other  four  might  be  of  the  same  denomination,  for  aught  that 
appeared  in  the  Charter  to  the  contrary.  Convinced  of  this,  Governor  Lyndon  imme 
diately  had  an  interview  with  Dr.  Stiles,  the  Presbyterian  minister  of  Newport,  and 
demanded  why  he  had  perverted  the  design  of  the  Charter.  The  answer  was,  "  I 
gave  you  timely  warning  to  take  care  of  yourselves,  for  that  we  had  done  so  with 
regard  to  our  society  ";*  and  finally  observed,  "  that  he  was  not  the  rogue."  When 

*In  Prof.  Kingsley's  Life  of  Dr.  Stiles,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made,  we 
find  it  stated  that  the  project  of  a  College  in  Rhode  Island  had  been  the  subject  of  serious 
deliberation  a  considerable  time  before  the  Charter  was  actually  granted  by  the  legislature, 
and  that  in  this  matter  Dr.  Stiles  had  taken  a  prominent  part,  collecting  statistics,  etc.  His 
plan,  as  stated  by  Kingsley,  was,  to  unite  several  denominations  of  Christians  in  the  enter 
prise,  both  in  America  and  in  Great  Britain,  and  thus,  by  proper  care,  to  make  the  dissenting 
interest  eventually  exceed  the  Episcopal  establishment.  The  whole  number  of  churches  of 
the  Congregational,  Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  denominations,  not  only  in  the  colonies,  but 
in  great  Britain  and  Ireland,  he  ascertained  to  be  three  thousand  six  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight.  "  He  supposed  that  all  these  churches  might  be  induced  to  contribute  to  the  estab 
lishment  and  support  of  an  institution  which  would  so  greatly  subserve  their  interests." 
The  arrival  at  Newport  of  Mr.  Manning,  and  the  proposition  made  by  him  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  a  Baptist  College,  interfcrred,  of  course,  with  his  cherished  views  and  plans. 
It  is  therefore  not  surprising  that  he  should  have  been  unwilling  to  see  them  defeated,  with 
out  a  struggle  on  his  part  to  carry  them  into  effect.  We  can  understand  how  an  attempt 
should  have  been  made,  either  by  Dr.  Stiles  or  his  associates,  in  drafting  an  act  of  incorpo 
ration  for  a  College  in  Rhode  Island,  to  pay  special  "regard"  to  the  interests  of  their  own 
"  society."  That  there  was  disappointment  on  both  sides,  and  at  the  time  mutual  recrimi- 


124  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  Assembly  was  convened  again,  the  said  Jenckes  moved  that  the  affair  might  be 
put  off  to  the  next  session ;  adding,  that  the  motion  for  a  College  originated  with  the 
Baptists,  and  was  intended  for  their  use,  but  that  the  Charter  in  question  was  not  at 
all  calculated  to  answer  their  purpose ;  and  since  the  committee  intrusted  with  this 
matter  by  the  Baptists  professed  they  had  been  misled,  not  to  say  imposed  upon,  it 
was  necessary  that  the  Baptists  in  other  parts  of  the  Colony  should  be  consulted 
previous  to  its  passing  into  a  law,  especially  as  few,  if  any  of  them  except  himself, 
had  seen  it ;  and  he  prayed  that  he  might  have  a  copy  for  the  said  purpose,  which  he 
promised  to  return.  All  which  was  granted.  When  the  Charter  came  to  be  narrowly 
inspected,  it  was  found  to  be  by  no  means  answerable  to  the  design  of  the  agitators, 
and  the  instructions  given  the  committee.  Consequently,  application  was  made  to  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  where  the  thing  took  its  rise,  to  have  their  mind  on  the 
subject,  who  immediately  sent  two  gentlemen*  hither  to  join  with  the  Baptists  of  this 

nations,  is  evident  from  the  narrative.  Under  similar  circumstances  there  doubtless  would 
"be  again,  human  nature  being  very  much  the  same  now  as  in  the  days  of  our  ancestors.  It 
is  due  to  Dr.  Stiles,  to  state  that  he  afterwards  appeared  to  cherish  friendly  feelings  towards 
the  Institution.  Having  been  elected  to  a  Fellowship  in  the  College,  and  solicited  by 
repeated  deputations  from  the  Corporation  to  accept  the  trust,  he  thus  writes  to  the  Chan 
cellor  and  Trustees :  "I  was  too  firm  a  friend  to  literature  not  to  have  taken  part  in  the 
Institution  at  first  upon  my  nomination  in  the  Charter,  had  I  not  been  prevented  by 
reasons  which  a  subsequent  immediate  election  could  not  remove.  *  *  *  *  With  the 
greatest  pleasure  and  alacrity  I  could  have  joined  with  you  in  so  noble  a  work,  but  that  I 
am  obstructed  by  reasons  which,  however  they  may  justly  influence  (Jongregationalists  in 
general,  ought  not  now  to  have  any  weight  with  you  as  a  body."  Whatever  were  the  "  rea 
sons"  which  "obstructed"  Dr.  Stiles,  one  of  which,  it  is  stated,  was  "the  offence  he  should 
give  his  brethren  should  he  accept  it,"  (MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  page  215,)  they 
still  influenced  him  to  decline  the  office  to  which  he  was  invited,  writh  suitable  acknowledg 
ments  of  the  politeness  and  respect  with  which  he  was  treated  on  this  occasion.  His  letter 
concludes  with  the  catholic  and  pious  wish,  that  "  the  Father  of  lights,  from  whom  comes 
down  every  good  and  perfect  gift,  may  excite  the  public  munificence,  and  raise  up  benefac 
tors,  through  whose  liberalities  this  Institution  shall  be  completed  with  an  ample  endowment." 
*On  the  margin  of  the  Morgan  Edwards  MS.,  in  the  hand- writing  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Jones,  who  was  Edwards's  intimate  friend,  is  the  following,  namely  :  "  Why  their  names 
are  not  mentioned,  I  cannot  say.  However,  there  was  no  one  sent  but  n^sclf,  although 
Mr.  Robert  Strettle  Jones  was  so  kind  as  to  bear  me  company  to  Rhode  Island  on  the 
occasion. —  SAMUEL  JONES."  Mr.  Jones,  it  will  be  remembered,  in  connection  with  Mr. 
Edwards,  had  been  intrusted  by  the  Association  with  the  business  in  general  of  founding  a 
Baptist  college  or  university.  He  had,  at  this  date,  but  recently  been  ordained  in  Philadel 
phia.  He  was  a  young  man  of  liberal  education,  and  a  ready  and  skillful  writer ;  hence  his 
special  fitness  for  the  duty  assigned  him  in  this  emergency.  The  following  extract  from 
notes  to  a  century  sermon  delivered  by  him  before  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association, 
October  6,  1807,  nearly  fifty  years  afterwards,  shows  the  manner  in  which  ho  performed  his 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  125 

Colony  in  making  such  alterations  and  amendments  as  were  to  them  specified  before 
their  departure.  When  they  arrived,  Dr.  Eyres,*  of  Newport,  was  added  to  the 
committee,  and  they  happily  draughted  the  present  Charter,  and  lodged  it,  with  a  new 
petition,  in  proper  hands.  The  most  material  alterations  wore,  appointing  the  same 
number  of  Baptists  in  the  Fellowship  that  had  been  appointed  of  the  Presbyterians, 
by  Dr.  Stiles;  settling  the  Presidency  in  the  Baptist  society;  adding  five  Baptists  to 
the  Trustees  and  putting  more  Episcopalians  than  Presbyterians  in  the  Corporation. 

Among  the  alterations  not  here  enumerated  by  Manning, 
were,  electing  the  President  by  the  Corporation  instead  of  exclu 
sively  by  the  Trustees ;  providing  for  convoking  an  assembly  of 
the  Corporation  on  twenty  days  notice  instead  of  six ;  making 
five  a  quorum  of  the  Board  of  Fellows  instead  of  eight;  and 
striking  out  the  clause  making  the  places  of  Trustees  or  Fellows 
who  should  remove  out  of  the  State,  vacant.  By  confining  mem 
bership  in  the  Corporation  to  persons  residing  within  the  limits 
of  the  Colony,  the  original  Charter  excluded  the  originators  and 
founders  of  the  College.  Hence,  in  the  list  of  names  proposed 
by  Dr.  Stiles  to  be  incorporated,  the  following,  which  we  find  in 
the  printed  Charter,  as  suggested  by  the  committee,  are  omitted ; 
namely,  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  Rev.  James 
Manning,  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  Rev.  John  Gano,  Rev.  Samuel  Still- 
man,  Rev.  Jeremiah  Condy,  and  Robert  Strettle  Jones,  Esq.  The 
names  of  Hezekiah  Smith,  Isaac  Backus,  William  Williams,  and 
others  from  out  of  the  State,  who  rendered  such  signal  service  in 
the  early  history  of  the  College,  would  also  have  been  excluded 
from  membership  in  the  Corporation,  by  the  Charter  as  originally 
drafted. 

mission  :  "  In  the  Fall  of  1763,  the  writer  of  these  sheets,  on  request,  repaired  to  Newport, 
in  Rhode  Island,  and  new-modelled  a  rough  draught  they  had  of  a  Charter  of  incorporation 
for  a  College,  which  soon  after  obtained  legislative  sanction." 

*  Thomas  Eyres,  a  physician,  the  first  Secretary  of  the  Corporation,  and  a  Fellow  of  the 
College  from  1764  until  his  death  in  1788.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  College,  in  the  class 
of  1754.  His  father,  Elder  Nicholas  Eyres,  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church,  in 
Newport,  from  1731  until  his  death,  February  13,  1759. 


126  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  Hon.  Daniel  Jenckes,  Esq.,  to  whom  Manning  refers  in 
his  narrative,  was  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Providence,  and  a  man 
of  undoubted  integrity.  He  died  July  7,  1774,  in  the  seventy- 
third  year  of  his  age,  having  continued,  says  the  record, — a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church  forty-eight  years  "without  cen 
sure."  He  was  for  forty  years  a  member  of  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  for  nearly  thirty  years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Providence 
County  Court.  His  daughter,  Rhoda,  was  the  wife  of  Nicholas 
Brown,  the  eldest  of  the  "  Four  Brothers,"  to  whom  the  College 
is  so  much  indebted  for  its  early  prosperity  and  success.  Among 
the  manuscript  writings  of  Morgan  Edwards,  we  also  find,  in  the 
same  volume  from  which  Manning's  narrative  is  taken,  a  history 
of  the  College  Charter,  by  Judge  Jenckes,  which  reads  as  follows : — 

While  I  attended  the  business  of  the  Assembly,  held  August,  1763,  Capt.  William 
Rogers  came  to  the  Council  Chamber  and  presented  me  with  a  paper,  with  a  design  I 
should  sign  it ;  adding,  that,  as  it  was  a  petition  for  a  Baptist  college,  he  knew  I  would 
not  refuse.  Business  not  permitting  me  to  attend  to  it  immediately,  I  requested  he 
would  leave  with  me  the  petition  and  Charter.  Meanwhile,  the  sergeant  made  procla 
mation  requiring  the  members  to  take  their  seats.  In  my  seat  I  began  to  read  the 
papers,  but  had  not  done  before  the  petition  and  Charter  were  called  for,  which  I  gave 
to  the  sergeant,  and  he  to  the  speaker  at  the  board.  The  petition  being  read,  a  motion 
was  made  to  receive  it,  and  grant  the  Charter.  After  some  time  I  stood  up  to  oppose, 
proceeding  immediately  on  the  petition,  giving  my  reason  in  words  to  this  effect :  "I 
understood  that  the  College  in  question  was  sought  for  by  the  Baptists ;  and  that  it 
was  to  be  under  their  government  and  direction,  with  the  admission  only  of  a  few  of 
other  religious  denominations  to  share  with  them  therein,  that  they  might  appear  as 
catholic  as  could  be,  consistent  with  their  main  design ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  I  per 
ceived  by  glancing  over  the  Charter,  while  I  sat  in  my  place  just  now,  that  the  main 
power  and  direction  is  vested  in  twelve  Fellows,  and  that  eight  out  of  the  twelve  are 
to  be  Presbyterians  ;  and  that  the  others  may  or  may  not  be  of  the  same  denomination ; 
but  of  necessity,  none  of  them  are  to  be  Baptists.  If  so,  there  is  treachery  somewhere, 
and  a  design  of  grossly  imposing  on  the  honest  people  who  first  moved  for  the  Institu 
tion.  I  desire,  therefore,  that  the  matter  may  lie  by  till  the  afternoon. "  This  was 
granted.  In  the  afternoon  the  matter  was  resumed,  with  a  seeming  re;-olution  in  some 
to  push  it  through  at  all  events ;  but  I  had  influence  enough  to  stop  proceedings  then 
also.  That  evening  and  the  next  morning,  I  made  it  my  business  to  see  Governor 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  127 

Lyndon  and  Col.  Bennet,  and  to  inform  them  of  the  construction  of  the  Charter. 
They  could  not  believe  me,  for  the  confidence  they  had  in  Dr.  Stiles's  honor  and  integ 
rity,  until  seeing  convinced  them  ;  what  reflections  followed  may  be  better  concealed  than 
published.  However,  we  all  agreed  to  postpone  passing  the  Charter  into  a  law,  and  did 
effect  our  purpose  for  that  session,  notwithstanding  the  attempts  of  Mr.  Ellery  and 
others  of  the  Presbyterians  to  the  contrary.  Before  the  breaking  up  of  the  Assembly, 
the  house,  at  my  request,  directed  the  speaker  to  deliver  the  Charter  to  me,  after  I 
had  made  a  promise  that  it  should  be  forthcoming  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Assembly. 
I  took  the  Charter  to  Providence,  and  showed  it  to  many  who  came  to  my  house ; 
others  borrowed  it  to  peruse  at  home.  Meanwhile,  the  messengers  from  the  Philadel 
phia  Association  arrived  in  Newport,  which  occasioned  the  committee  of  Newport  to 
send  to  me  for  the  Charter.  I  asked  for  it  of  Dr.  Ephraim  Bowen,  who  had  borrowed 
it  last.  The  doctor  said  he  lent  it  to  Samuel  Nightingale,  Esq.  Search  was  made  for 
it  there,  but  it  could  not  be  found ;  neither  do  I  know  to  this  day  what  became  of  it. 
When  the  next  General  Assembly  met,  (last  Wednesday  in  October,  1763,)  the 
second  Charter  was  presented ;  which  was  much  faulted,  and  opposed  by  the  gentry 
who  concerned  themselves  so  warmly  about  the  other.  And  one  in  particular  demanded 
that  the  first  Charter,  which  had  been  entrusted  to  me,  might  be  produced.  Then  I 
related,  as  above,  that  it  was  lost,  and  the  manner  how  it  was  lost;  but  the  party, 
instead  of  believing  this,  very  rudely  suggested  that  T  had  secreted  the  Charter,  and 
in  the  face  of  the  court  charged  me  with  a  breach  of  trust ;  which  brought  on  very 
disagreeable  altercations  and  bickerings,  until,  at  last,  I  was  necessitated  to  say,  that 
"  if  there  had  been  any  foul  doings,  it  was  amongst  them  of  their  own  denomination 
at  Piovidence."  Their  clamors  continued  ;  and  we  gave  way  to  them  that  session  for 
peace  sake.  Meanwhile,  Dr.  Bowen,  who  is  a  man  of  strict  honor  and  integrity,  used 
all  means  to  recover  the  former  Charter,  posting  an  advertisement  in  the  most  public 
places  in  town,  and  making  diligent  inquiry;  but  to  no  purpose.  At  the  next  Assem 
bly,  which  met  in  February,  1764,  the  new  Charter  was  again  brought  on  the  carpet; 
and  the  same  clamor  against  it,  and  unjust  reproaches  against  me,  were  repeated.  It 
was  said  that  the  new  Charter  was  not  like  the  old,  and  was  constructed  to  deprive  the 
Presbyterians  of  the  benefit  of  the  institution.  To  which  it  was  replied,  "  that  it  was 
agreeable  to  the  designs  of  the  first  undertakers,  and  if  calculated  to  deprive  the  Pres 
byterians  of  the  power  they  wanted,  it  was  no  more  than  what  they  themselves  had 
attempted  to  do  to  the  Baptists."  After  much  and  warm  debate,  the  question  was 
put  and  carried  in  favor  of  the  new  Charter,  by  a  great  majority. 

It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  this  important  document, 
after  having  been  lost  for  a  century,  should  have  come  to  light 
in  the  year  of  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary 


128  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

of  the  College.  It  is  now  handsomely  bound  and  lodged  among 
the  library  archives.  For  generations  it  slept  among  the  old 
papers  of  the  church  over  which  Dr.  Stiles  was  pastor ;  then  it 
found  its  way  into  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  B.  Sprague, 
the  great  collector  of  autographs,  at  Albany,  who  generously 
presented  it  to  the  University,  upon  being  made  acquainted  with 
its  historical  value.  The  place  of  its  deposit  clears  Mr.  Jenckes 
of  the  charge  brought  against  him  by  one  of  the  "  gentry."  Into 
whose  hands  it  fell  after  it  was  lent  to  Mr.  Jabez  Bowen,  and  by 
him  to  a  third  person,  must  now  of  course  be  a  matter  of  conjec 
ture.  It  is  certain  that  it  in  some  way  came  into  the  possession 
of  Dr.  Stiles,  for  upon  the  back  of  it,  in  his  own  clear  and  distinct 
hand-writing,  are  the  following  remarks: — 

FOR  THE  REV.  DR.  CHARLES  CIIAUNCY,  BOSTON:  —  This  Charter  was  presented 
to  the  Assembly  August,  1763 ;  recopied,  with  some  alterations  by  the  Baptists,  in 
October;  and  passed  the  Assembly  February,  1764.  Principal  alterations  were:  — 

1.  By  omitting  "  To  all  people,  etc.,  Greeting,"  in  the  initiatory  address,  the 
subsequent  insertion  in  the  body  of  the  Charter,   "Now,  therefore,  know  ye,"  is  an 
impropriety  in  clerkship. 

2.  The  Baptists  have  shown  a  greater  affection  for  all  other  denominations  than  for 
the  Congregationalists. 

3.  Instead  of  eight  or  a  majority  of  Congregationalists  in  the  branch  of  the  Fel 
lowship,  according  to  the  original  agreement,  they  have  inserted  eight  Baptists ;   thus 
assuming  a  majority  of  about  two-thirds  in  both  branches,  hereby  absorbing  the  whole 
power  and  government  of  the  College,  and  thus,  by  the  immutability  of  the  numbers, 
establishing  it  a  party  College  more  explicitly  and  effectually  than  any  college  upon 
the  continent.     This  is  the  most  material  alteration. 

4.  Most  of  what  is  contained  between  the  marginal  crotchets  in  page  six  is  omitted  ; 
and  the  whole  paragraph  for  securing  the  freedom  of  education  with  respect  to  religion, 
so  mutilated  as  effectually  to  enable  and  empower  the  Baptists  to  practise  the  arts  of 
insinuation,  and  proselyting  upon  the  youth  by  private  instruction,  without  the  request 
of  the  parents. 

What  "original  agreement"  was  violated  by  the  adoption  of 
the  present  Charter ;  in  what  respects  Rhode  Island  College  was 
established  "a  party  college  more  explicitly  and  effectually  than 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  129 

any  college  upon  the  continent,"  referring,  of  course,  to  the  six 
colleges  in  existence  in  the  year  1764;  and  how  the  paragraph 
pertaining  to  religious  freedom  and  sectarian  differences  of  opinion 
"  enables  and  empowers  the  Baptists  to  practice  the  arts  of  insin 
uation  and  proselyting,"  we  leave  to  the  judgment  and  candor  of 
our  readers  to  decide.  Either  Dr.  Stiles  was  in  an  irritable  mood, 
when  he  appended  these  notes,  or  he  was  more  unfriendly  to  the 
Institution  than  has  been  generally  believed.  His  manuscript 
papers,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  mention,  abound  in  expressions 
of  ill  feeling  towards  both  the  College  and  its  President.  (See 
appendix  to  President  Sears's  Centennial  Discourse,  pp.  65-70.) 
The  original  Charter  drafted  by  Dr.  Stiles,  is  published  entire,  as 
has  already  been  stated,  in  the  appendix  to  MANNING  AND  BROWN 
UNIVERSITY.  The  corrections  and  alterations  made  by  the  com 
mittee  from  Philadelphia,  and  which  are  now  incorporated  in  the 
present  Charter,  are  also  published  in  a  column  by  the  side  of  the 
original  paragraphs. 

From  the  foregoing  accounts,  or  narratives,  it  appears,  (1) 
That  President  Manning  drew  up  a  plan  of  the  College,  and  pre 
sented  it  to  a  company  of  Baptist  gentlemen,  at  Newport,  in  the 
month  of  July,  1763.  (2)  That  the  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon  and  Col. 
Job  Bennet  were  appointed  to  draw  a  Charter,  in  accordance  with 
said  plan,  to  be  laid  before  the  next  General  Assembly,  with  a 
petition  that  it  might  be  made  a  law.  (3)  That  the  assistance  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Stiles,  afterwards  President  of  Yale  College,  was 
solicited  and  obtained.  (4)  That  the  drafting  of  the  Charter 
was  left  entirely  to  Dr.  Stiles ;  and  that  he,  in  turn,  was  assisted 
by  the  Hon.  William  Ellery.  (5)  That  the  Charter  was  accord 
ingly  drawn,  and  a  time  and  place  were  appointed  for  the  parties 
concerned  to  meet  and  hear  it  read.  (6)  That  Manning,  being 
obliged  to  leave  on  that  day  for  Halifax,  was  unable  to  be  with 
the  committee  long  enough  to  see  whether  the  original  design 


130  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

was  secured,  and  that  the  Baptists,  being  satisfied,  without  suffi 
cient  examination  into  the  authority  vested  in  the  Fellowship, 
and  reposing  entire  confidence  in  Dr.  Stiles,  agreed  to  join  in  a 
petition  to  the  General  Assembly  to  have  the  Charter  confirmed 
by  authority.  (7)  That  the  petition  and  Charter  were  accord 
ingly  presented  to  the  General  Assembly  in  August,  1763, 
but  that  action  thereon  was  postponed  until  the  next  session, 
through  the  influence  of  the  Hon.  Daniel  Jenckes,  the  attempts 
of  Mr.  Ellery  and  others  of  the  Presbyterians  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding.  (8)  That  the  Charter  was  found  on  inspection 
to  be  so  drawn  as  to  vest  the  main  power  and  direction  of  the 
Institution  in  a  board  of  twelve  Fellows,  eight  of  whom  were  to 
be  Congregationalists  or  Presbyterians,  and  the  other  four  of  the 
same  denomination  for  aught  that  appeared  to  the  contrary  ;  and 
that  in  general  it  did  not  answer  to  the  original  design.  (9)  That 
in  this  emergency  application  was  made  to  the  Philadelphia  Asso 
ciation,  "where  the  thing  took  its  rise,"  to  have  their  mind  on  the 
subject.  (10)  That  they  immediately  sent  to  Newport  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Jones,  who  was  accompanied  by  Robert  Strettle  Jones, 
and  that  when  they  arrived,  Dr.  Eyres,  of  Newport,  was  added  to 
the  committee.  (11)  That,  meanwhile,  the  original  copy  of  the 
Charter,  presented  to  the  General  Assembly  in  August,  and 
intrusted  by  that  body  to  Mr.  Jenckes,  had  been  lost.  (12)  That 
the  committee  found  at  Newport  a  rough  draft  of  this  Charter, 
which  they  happily  remodelled,  and  that  the  most  material  altera 
tions  were,  appointing  the  same  number  of  Baptists  in  the  Fellow 
ship  that  had  been  appointed  of  the  Presbyterians  by  Dr.  Stiles ; 
settling  the  Presidency  in  the  Baptist  society ;  adding  five  Bap 
tists  to  the  Trustees ;  putting  more  Episcopalians  than  Presby 
terians  in  the  Corporation  ;  and  extending  the  membership  of  the 
Corporation  to  persons  residing  out  of  the  Colony  or  State. 

The  foregoing  statements  of  Edwards,  Manning  and  Jenckes 
respecting  the  origin  of  the  College  and  the  history  of  the  Char- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  131 

ter,  are  fully  established  and  confirmed  by  the  historian  Backus, 
whose  accuracy,  we  believe,  has  never  been  called  in  question. 
Being  in  the  prime  and  vigor  of  life  when  the  College  was  founded, 
and  one  of  its  first  Trustees,  he  was,  of  course,  familiar  with  all 
the  facts  pertaining  to  its  early  history. 

The  following  letter,  which  forms  a  part  of  the  Manuscript  to 
which  we  have  referred,  and  which  appears  to  have  been  addressed 
to  President  Manning  by  Morgan  Edwards,  may  with  propriety 
be  introduced  here,  although  portions  of  it  belong  to  a  later 
period.  The  author  was  accustomed  to  express  his  opinions 
without  reserve,  and  sometimes,  perhaps,  with  a  little  too  much 
pungency :  — 

I  should  not  have  ventured  to  oppose  my  opinions  to  yours,  had  not  facts,  recent 
facts,  decided  the  matter  in  my  favor ;  and  shown  that  the  goodness  and  candor  of  the 
President  have  imposed  on  his  judgment.  Remember  you  not  the  first  Charter  ?  While 
the  Baptist  College  was  yet  in  embryo  they  very  disingenuously  opposed  it,  as  such,  and 
contrived  to  make  it  their  own,  since  which  disappointment,  Dr.  Stiles  would  have 
nothing  to  do  with  it,  though  courted  again  and  again  to  accept  even  a  Fellowship 
therein.  And  when  the  present  Charter  was  presented  to  the  Assembly  at  South 
Kingstown,  remember  you  cot  what  clamor  they  raised  against  it  there  ?  And  what 
stout  opposition  they  made  to  the  passage  of  it,  insomuch  that  its  friends  thought  it  best 
to  desist  ?  And  how  they  triumphed  afterwards  ?  And  when  the  affair  was  brought 
on  again  at  East  Greenwich,  the  next  session,  you  can  never  forget  with  what  heat  and 
coarse  expression  the  same  oppositions  were  renewed,  nor  the  mortification  and  mur- 
murings  which  the  passing  of  it  occasioned.  It  is  true,  while  the  Charter  lay  dormant 
thoy  remained  easy ;  and,  as  you  say,  appeared  well  pleased  when  you  had  set  it  on 
foot  at  Warren.  But  the  reason  of  that  is  obvious.  They  knew  that  while  the  College 
stood  friendless  and  moneyless,  as  it  then  did,  they  should  have  the  pleasure  to  see  it 
fall,  and  to  mock  those  who  began  to  build  a  tower  and  were  not  able  to  finish  it.  But 
seemed  they  good  humored  when  money  came  thither  from  Europe  ?  or  did  they  look 
as  the  man  of  Bristol  did,  at  your  first  Commencement,  and  put  the  same  invidious 
construction  upon  everything,  that  he  did  on  the  complacence  you  showed  him  that 
day  ?  Their  good  affection  toward  the  College  edifice  was  but  varnish  ;  for  while  with 
specious  arguments  they  would  have  it  here,  and  anon  there,  and  then,  in  another 
place,  they  were  only  working  to  prevent  it  being  anywhere ;  and  soon  as  it  had  a 
locality  and  the  beginning  of  its  existence  at  Providence,  did  they  not,  with  some 


132  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

misled  Baptists,  attempt  to  get  another  college,  to  destroy  yours,  and  actually  carried 
their  design  through  the  lower  house?  This  also  failing,  what  remains  but  to  prevent 
youth  from  resorting  to  it.  Their  slandering  the  officers  of  instruction,  as  insufficient ; 
the  town  where  it  is  in,  as  a  lawless  place  ;  the  College,  as  wanting  government ;  their 
representing  it  as  a  nest  of  Anabaptists,  calculated  to  make  proselytes ;  their  visiting 
grammar  schools  and  tampering  with  masters  and  parents ;  their  scolding  Presbyterian 
youth,  when  they  enter  with  you,  as  your  neighbor  Rowley  did,  who  is  capable  of 
nothing  but  what  is  gross  and  indelicate ;  their  refusing  to  pay  their  subscriptions, 
etc., —  are  all  intended  to  hurt  what  they  could  neither  prevent  nor  destroy.  Think 
you  that  their  present  opposition  to  the  College  is  the  effect  of  those  newspaper  complaints 
and  threatenings  of  Presbyterian  oppression  in  New  England?  Why,  then,  did  they 
oppose  it  before  those  complaints  and  threatenings  had  existence  ?  Think  you  they  will 
be  friends  should  we  desist  from  these  complaints  and  court  their  favor?  It  cannot  be, 
except  God  should  once  teach  them  to  love  their  neighbors  as  themselves,  and  do  as 
they  would  be  done  by.  Destroying  the  Baptist  College  will  pacify  them,  and  nothing 
else.  The  existence  of  that  on  the  hill  of  Providence  is  a  Mordecai  in  the  gate.  I 
told  you,  long  ago,  that  if  you  could  not  do  without  the  Presbyterians,  you  could  not 
do  at  all.  I  need  not  inform  you  that  I  deal  in  generals.  I  except  the  honest,  the 
trusty,  and  the  good,  and  some  such  Presbyterians  I  have  met  with,  in  their  connec 
tions  with  this  College.  God  send  us  more,  and  mend  the  rest. 

The  following  is  the  Charter  of  Brown  University,  which  was 
presented  to  the  General  Assembly  in  October,  1763,  and  adopted 
at  an  adjourned  session,  held  in  East  Greenwich,  in  February, 
1764:- 

At  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Governor  and  Company  of  the  English  Colony  of 
Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  in  New  England,  in  America,  begun  and 
holden  by  adjournment,  at  East  Greenwich,  within  and  for  the  Colony  aforesaid,  on 
the  last  Monday  in  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  sixty-four,  and  fourth  of  the  reign  of  his  most  sacred  Majesty  George  the  Third, 
by  the  grace  of  God,  King  of  Great  Britain,  and  so  forth. 

AN  ACT  FOR  THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  A  COLLEGE  OR  UNIVERSITY,  WITHIN  THIS  COLONY. 

WHEREAS  institutions  for  liberal  education  are  highly  beneficial  to  society,  by  form 
ing  the  rising  generation  to  virtue,  knowledge,  and  useful  literature ;  and  thus  preserv 
ing  in  the  community  a  succession  of  men  duly  qualified  for  discharging  the  offices  of 
life  with  usefulness  and  reputation,  they  have  therefore  justly  merited  and  received 
the  attention  and  encouragement  of  every  wise  and  well-regulated  State:  And 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  133 

whereas  a  public  school  or  seminary,  erected  for  that  purpose  within  this  Colony, 
to  which  the  youth  may  freely  resort  for  education  in  the  vernacular  and  learned 
languages,  and  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  would  be  for  the  general  advantage  and 
honor  of  the  government :  And  whereas  Daniel  Jenckes,  Esq.,  Nicholas  Tillinghast, 
Esq.,  Nicholas  Gardner,  Esq.,  Col.  Josias  Lyndon,  Col.  Elisha  Reynolds,  Peleg 
Thurston,  Esq.,  Simon  Pease,  Esq.,  John  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  George  Hazard,  Esq., 
Col.  Job  Bennet,  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Arthur  Fenner,  Esq.,  Mr.  Ezekiel  Gardner, 
Mr.  John  Waterman,  Mr.  James  Barker,  Jr.,  Mr.  John  Holmes,  Solomon  Drown, 
Esq.,  Mr.  Samuel  Winsor,  Mr.  Joseph  Sheldon,  Charles  Rhodes,  Esq.,  Mr.  Nicholas 
Brown,  Col.  Barzillai  Richmond,  Mr.  John  Brown,  Mr.  Gideon  Hoxsey,  Mr.  Thomas 
Eyres,  Mr.  Thomas  Potter,  Jr.,  Mr.  Peleg  Barker,  Mr.  Edward  Thurston,  Mr. 
William  Redwood,  Joseph  Clarke,  Esq.,  Mr.  John  G.  Wanton,  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Robinson,  with  many  other  persons,  appear  as  undertakers  in  the  valuable  design  : 
And  thereupon  a  petition  hath  been  preferred  to  this  Assembly,  praying  that  full 
liberty  and  power  may  be  granted  unto  such  of  them,  with  others,  as  are  hereafter 
mentioned,  to  found,  endow,  order  and  govern  a  college  or  university  within  this 
Colony;  and  that,  for  the  more  effectual  execution  of  this  design,  they  may  be  incor 
porated  into  one  body  politic,  to  be  known  in  the  law,  with  the  powers,  privileges  and 
franchises,  necessary  for  the  purposes  aforesaid. 

Now,  THEREFORE,  KNOW  YE,  That  being  willing  to  encourage  and  patronize  such  an 
honorable  and  useful  institution,  we,  the  said  Governor  and  Company,  in  General 
Assembly  convened,  do,  for  ourselves  and  our  successors,  in  and  by  virtue  of  the 
power  and  authority  within  the  jurisdiction  of  this  Colony,  to  us  by  the  Royal  Charter 
granted  and  committed,  enact,  grant,  constitute,  ordain  and  declare,  and  it  is  hereby 
enacted,  granted,  constituted,  ordained  and  declared,  that  the  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins, 
Esq.,  the  Hon.  Joseph  Wanton,  Jr.,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Esq.,  the  Hon. 
William  Ellery,  Esq.,  John  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  Simon  Pease,  Esq.,  James  Honyman, 
Esq.,  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Nicholas  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  Darius  Sessions,  Esq., 
Joseph  Harris,  Esq.,  Francis  Willett,  Esq.,  William  Logan,  Esq.,  Daniel  Jenckes, 
Esq.,  George  Hazard,  Esq.,  Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  Jeremiah  Niles,  Esq.,  Joshua 
Babcock,  Esq.,  Mr.  John  G.  Wanton,  the  Rev.  Edward  Upham,  the  Rev.  Jeremiah 
Condy,  the  Rev.  Marmaduke  Brown,  the  Rev.  Gardner  Thurston,  the  Rev.  Ezra 
Stiles,  the  Rev.  John  Graves,  the  Rev.  John  Maxson,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Winsor,  the 
Rev.  John  Gano,  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  the  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Stillman,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  the  Rev.  James  Manning,  the  Rev.  Russel  Mason, 
Col.  Elisha  Reynolds,  Col.  Josias  Lyndon,  Col.  Job  Bennet,  Mr.  Ephraim  Bowen, 
Joshua  Clarke,  Esq.,  Capt.  Jonathan  Slade,  John  Taylor,  Esq.,  Mr.  Robert  Strettell 
Jones,  Azariah  Dunham,  Esq.,  Mr.  Edward  Thurston,  Jr.,  Mr.  Thomas  Eyres, 
Mr.  Thomas  Hazard,  and  Mr.  Peleg  Barker,  or  such  or  so  many  of  them  as  shall, 
within  twelve  mouths  from  the  date  hereof,  accept  of  this  trust,  and  qualify  themselves 


134  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

as  hereinafter  directed,  and  their  successors,  shall  be  forever  hereafter  one  body  corpo 
rate  and  politic,  in  fact  and  name,  to  be  known  in  law  by  the  name  of  TRUSTEES  AND 
FELLOWS  OF  THE  COLLEGE  OR  UNIVERSITY  IN  THE  ENGLISH  COLONY  OF  RHODE  ISLAND 
AND  PROVIDENCE  PLANTATIONS,  IN  NEW  ENGLAND,  IN  AMERICA  ;  the  Trustees  and 
Fellows,  at  any  time  hereafter,  giving  such  more  particular  name  to  the  College,  in 
honor  of  the  greatest  and  most  distinguished  benefactor,  or  otherwise,  as  they  shall 
think  proper;  which  name,  so  given,  shall,  in  all  acts,  instruments  and  doings  of  the 
said  body  politic,  be  superadded  to  their  corporate  name  aforesaid,  and  become  a  part 
of  their  legal  appellation,  by  which  it  shall  be  forever  known  and  distinguished  :  And 
that,  by  the  same  name,  they  and  their  successors,  chosen  by  themselves,  as  hereafter 
prescribed,  shall  and  may  have  perpetual  succession  ;  and  shall  and  may  be  persons 
able  and  capable,  in  the  law,  to  sue  and  to  be  sued,  to  plead  and  to  be  impleaded,  to 
answer  and  to  be  answered  unto,  to  defend  and  to  be  defended  against,  in  all  and  singular 
suits,  causes,  matters,  actions  and  doings,  of  what  kind  soever  :  And  also  to  have,  take, 
possess,  purchase,  acquire,  or  otherwise  receive  and  hold  lands,  tenements,  heredita 
ments,  goods,  chattels,  or  other  estates ;  of  all  which  they  may,  and  shall,  stand  and 
be  seized,  notwithstanding  any  misnomer  of  the  College,  or  Corporation  thereof;  and 
by  whatever  name,  or  however  imperfectly  the  same  shall  be  described  in  gift,  bequest, 
and  assignment,  provided  the  true  intent  of  the  assigner  or  benefactor  be  evident : 
Also  the  same  to  grant,  demise,  aliene,  lease,  use,  manage  and  improve,  according  to 
the  tenor  of  the  donations,  and  to  the  purposes,  trusts  and  uses,  to  which  they  shall  be 
seized  thereof.  And  full  liberty,  power  and  authority,  are  hereby  granted  unto  the 
said  Trustees  and  Fellows,  and  their  successors,  to  found  a  College  or  University  within 
this  Colony,  for  promoting  the  liberal  arts,  and  univer.-al  literature  :  And  with  the 
moneys,  estates  and  revenues,  of  which  they  shall  from  time  to  time  become  legally 
seized  as  aforesaid,  to  endow  the  s;ime  :  And  erect  the  necessary  buildings  and  edifices 
thereof  on  such  place  within  this  Colony  as  they  shall  think  convenient :  And  gener 
ally  to  regulate,  order  and  govern  the  same,  appoint  officers,  and  make  laws,  as  herein 
after  prescribed ;  and  hold,  use  and  enjoy  all  the  liberties,  privileges,  exemptions, 
dignities  and  immunities  enjoyed  by  any  college  or  university  whatever. 

And  furthermore,  That  the  said  Trustees  and  Fellows,  and  their  successors,  shall, 
and  may,  forever  hereafter  have  a  public  seal,  to  use  for  all  causes,  matters  and  ;>.  flairs 
whatever,  of  them  and  their  successors,  and  the  same  to  alter,  break  and  make  anew, 
from  time  to  time,  at  their  will  and  pleasure ;  which  seal  shall  always  be  deposited 
with  the  President,  or  senior  Fellow. 

And  furthermore,  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  it  is  hereby  enacted,  ordained  and 
declared,  That  it  is  now,  and  at  all  times  hereafter  shall  continue  to  be,  the  unalterable 
constitution  of  this  College  or  University,  that  the  Corporation  thereof  shall  consist  of 
two  branches,  to  wit :  That  of  the  Trustees,  and  that  of  the  Fellowship,  with  distinct, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  135 

separate  and  respective  powers :  And  that  the  number  of  the  Trustees  shall  and  may 
be  thirty-six ;  of  which  twenty-two  shall  forever  be  elected  of  the  denomination  called 
Baptists,  or  Antipaedobaptists ;  five  shall  forever  be  elected  of  the  denomination  called 
Friends  or  Quakers ;  four  shall  forever  be  elected  of  the  denomination  called  Congre- 
gationalists,  and  five  shall  forever  be  elected  of  the  denomination  called  Episcopalians : 
And  that  the  succession  in  this  branch  shall  be  forever  chosen  and  filled  up  from  the 
respective  denominations  in  this  proportion,  and  according  to  these  numbers;  which  are 
hereby  fixed,  and  shall  remain  to  perpetuity  immutably  the  same.  And  that  the  said 
Stephen  Hopkins,  Joseph  Wanton,  Samuel  Ward,  William  Ellery,  John  Tillinghast, 
Simon  Pease,  James  Honyman,  Nicholas  Easton,  Nicholas  Tillinghast,  Darius  Sessions, 
Joseph  Harris,  Francis  Willet,  Daniel  Jenckes,  George  Hazard,  Nicholas  Brown, 
Jeremiah  Niles,  John  G.  Wanton,  Joshua  Clarke,  Gardner  Thurston,  John  Graves, 
John  Maxson,  John  Gano,  Samuel  Winsor,  Isaac  Eaton,  Samuel  Stillman,  Russel  Mason, 
Elisha  Reynolds,  Josias  Lyndon,  Job  Bennet,  Ephraim  Bowen,  John  Taylor,  Jonathan 
Slade,  Robert  Strettell  Jones,  Azariah  Dunham,  Edward  Thurston,  Jr.  and  Peleg  Barker, 
or  such  or  so  many  of  them  as  shall  qualify  themselves  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  and  they 
are  hereby  declared  and  established  the  first  and  present  Trustees.  And  that  the 
number  of  the  Fellows,  inclusive  of  the  President  (who  shall  always  be  a  Fellow) 
shall  and  may  be  twelve  ;  of  which,  eight  shall  be  forever  elected  of  the  denomination 
called  Baptists,  or  Antipfedobaptists ;  and  the  rest  indifferently  of  any  or  all  denomi 
nations.  And  that  the  Rev.  Edward  Upham,  the  Rev.  Jeremiah  Condy,  the  Rev. 
Marmaduke  Brown,  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  the  Rev.  Ezra  Stiles,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Jones,  the  Rev.  James  Manning,  William  Logan,  Esq.,  Joshua  Babcock,  Esq.,  Mr. 
Thomas  Eyres,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Hazard,  or  such  or  so  many  of  them  as  shall  qualify 
themselves  as  aforesaid,  shall  be,  and  they  are  hereby  declared  the  first  and  present 
Fellows  and  Fellowship,  to  whom  the  President,  when  hereafter  elected,  (who  shall 
forever  be  of  the  denomination  called  Baptists,  or  Antipasdobaptists)  shall  be  joined  to 
complete  the  number. 

And  furthermore,  it  is  declared  and  ordained,  That  the  succession  in  both  branches 
shall  at  all  times  hereafter  be  filled  up  and  supplied  according  to  these  numbers,  and 
this  established  and  invariable  proportion,  from  the  respective  denominations,  by  the 
separate  election  of  both  branches  of  this  Corporation,  which  shall  at  all  times  sit  and 
act  by  separate  and  distinct  powers :  And  in  general,  in  order  to  the  validity  and 
consummation  of  all  acts,  there  shall  be  in  the  exercise  of  their  respective,  separate 
and  distinct  powers,  the  joint  concurrence  of  the  Trustees  and  Fellows,  by  their 
respective  majorities,  except  in  adjudging  and  conferring  the  academical  degrees,  which 
shall  forever  belong,  exclusively,  to  the  Fellowship,  as  a  learned  Faculty. 

And  furthermore,  it  is  constituted,  That  the  instruction  and  immediate  government 
of  the  College  shall  forever  be  and  rest  in  the  President  and  Fellows  or  Fellowship. 


136  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

And  furthermore,  it  is  ordained,  That  there  shall  be  a  general  meeting  of  the  Cor 
poration  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  annually,  within  the  College  edifice, 
and  until  the  same  be  built,  at  such  place  as  they  shall  appoint,  to  consult,  advise, 
and  transact  the  affairs  of  the  College  or  University  :  At  which,  or  at  any  other  time, 
the  public  Commencement  may  be  held  and  celebrated.  And  that,  on  any  special 
emergencies,  the  President,  with  any  two  of  the  Fellows,  or  any  three  of  the  Fellows, 
exclusive  of  the  President,  may  convoke,  and  they  are  hereby  empowered  to  convoke, 
an  assembly  of  the  Corporation  on  twenty  days  notice  :  And  that,  in  all  meetings, 
the  major  vote  of  those  present  of  the  two  branches  respectively,  shall  be  deemed 
their  respective  majorities  aforesaid :  Provided,  That  not  less  than  twelve  of  the 
Trustees,  and  five  of  the  Fellows,  be  a  quorum  of  their  respective  branches :  That 
the  President,  or,  in  his  absence,  the  Senior  Fellow  present,  shall  always  be  Moderator 
of  the  Fellows  :  That  the  Corporation,  at  their  annual  meetings,  once  in  three  years, 
or  oftener  in  case  of  death  or  removal,  shall  and  may  choose  a  Chancellor  of  the 
University,  and  Treasurer,  from  among  the  Trustees,  and  a  Secretary  from  among  the 
Fellows  :  That  the  nomination  of  the  Chancellor  shall  be  in  the  Trustees,  whose 
office  shall  be  only  to  preside  as  Moderator  of  the  Trustees ;  and  that,  in  his  absence, 
the  Trustees  shall  choose  a  Moderator  for  the  time  being,  by  the  name  of  Vice-Chan 
cellor  :  And  at  any  of  their  meetings,  duly  formed  as  aforesaid,  shall  and  may  be 
elected  a  Trustee  or  Fellow,  or  Trustees  or  Fellows,  in  the  room  of  those  nominated 
in  this  Charter,  who  may  refuse  to  accept,  or  in  the  room  of  those  who  may  die,  resign 
or  be  removed. 

And  furthermore,  it  is  enacted,  ordained  and  declared,  That  this  Corporation,  at 
any  of  their  meetings,  regularly  convened  aforesaid,  shall  and  may  elect  and  appoint 
the  President  and  Professors  of  languages,  and  the  several  parts  of  literature  :  And 
upon  the  demise  of  him  or  them,  or  either  of  them,  their  resignation  or  removal  from 
his  or  their  office,  for  misdemeanor,  incapacity  or  unfaithfulness  (for  which  he  or  they 
are  hereby  declared  removable  by  this  Corporation)  others  to  elect  and  appoint  in  their 
room  and  stead  :  And  at  such  meeting,  upon  the  nomination  of  the  Fellows,  to  elect 
and  appoint  tutors,  stewards,  butlers,  and  all  such  other  officers  usually  appointed  in 
colleges  or  universities,  as  they  shall  find  necessary,  and  think  fit  to  appoint  for  pro 
moting  liberal  education,  and  the  well  ordering  the  affairs  of  this  College  ;  and  them, 
or  any  of  them,  at  their  discretion,  to  remove,  and  substitute  others  in  their  places. 
And,  in  case  any  President,  Trustee  or  Fellow,  shall  see  cause  to  change  his  religious 
denomination,  the  Corporation  is  hereby  empowered  to  declare  his  or  their  place  or 
places  vacant,  and  may  proceed  to  fill  up  it  or  them  accordingly,  as  before  directed, 
otherwise  each  Trustee  and  Fellow,  not  an  officer  of  instruction,  shall  continue  in  his 
office  duiing  life,  or  until  resignation.  And  further,  in  case  cither  of  the  religious 
denominations  should  decline  taking  a  part  in  this  catholic,  comprehensive  and  liberal 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  137 

institution,  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  shall  and  may  complete  their  number,  by  electing 
from  their  respective  denominations,  always  preserving  their  respective  proportions 
herein  before  prescribed  and  determined  :  And  all  elections  shall  be  by  ballot,  or 
written  suffrage  :  And  that  a  quorum  of  four  Trustees  and  three  Fellows  may  transact 
any  business,  excepting  placing  the  College  edifice,  election  of  Trustees,  President, 
Fellows  and  Professors,  that  is  to  say,  so  that  their  act  shall  be  of  force  and  validity, 
until  the  next  annual  meeting,  and  no  longer. 

And  it  is  further  enacted  and  ordained  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  each 
Trustee  and  Fellow,  as  well  those  nominated  in  this  Charter,  as  all  that  shall  hereafter 
be  duly  elected,  shall,  previous  to  their  acting  in  a  corporate  capacity,  take  the  engage 
ment  of  allegiance*  prescribed  by  the  law  of  this  Colony  to  his  Majesty  King  George 
the  Third,  his  heirs  and  rightful  successors  to  the  crown  of  Great  Britain,  which 
engagement  shall  be  administered  to  the  present  Trustees  and  Fellows,  by  the  Gov 
ernor  or  Deputy-Governor  of  this  Colony,  and  to  those  from  time  to  time  hereafter 
elected  by  their  respective  Moderators,  who  are  hereby  empowered  to  administer  the 
same 

And  still  more  clearly  to  define  and  ascertain  the  respective  powers  of  the  two 
branches,  on  making  and  enacting  laws,  it  is  further  ordained  and  declared,  That  the 
Fellowship  shall  have  power,  and  are  hereby  empowered  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all 
times  hereafter,  to  make,  enact,  and  publish,  all  such  laws,  statutes,  regulations,  and 
ordinances,  with  penalties,  as  to  them  shall  seem  meet,  for  the  successful  instruction 
and  government  of  said  College  or  University,  not  contrary  to  the  spirit,  extent,  true 
meaning  and  intention,  of  the  acts  of  the  British  Parliament,  or  the  laws  of  this 
Colony ;  and  the  same  laws,  statutes  and  ordinances,  to  repeal :  Which  laws,  and  the 
repeals  thereof,  shall  be  laid  before  the  Trustees,  and  with  their  approbation  shall  be  of 
force  and  validity,  but  not  otherwise.  And  further,  the  Trustees  and  Fellows,  at  their 
meetings  aforesaid,  shall  ascertain  the  salaries  of  the  respective  officers,  and  order  the 
moneys  assessed  on  the  students  for  tuition,  fines  and  incidental  expenses,  to  be  col 
lected  by  the  Steward,  or  such  other  officer  as  they  shall  appoint  to  collect  the  same ; 
and  the  same,  with  their  revenues,  and  other  College  estates  in  the  hands  of  the  Treas 
urer,  to  appropriate  in  discharging  salaries  and  other  College  debts :  And  the  College 
accounts  shall  be  annually  audited  and  adjusted  in  the  meeting  of  the  Corporation. 

And  furthermore,  it  is  hereby  enacted  and  declared,  That  into  this  liberal  and 
catholic  institution  shall  never  be  admitted  any  religious  tests :  But,  on  the  contrary, 
all  the  members  hereof  shall  forever  enjoy  full,  free,  absolute  and  uninterrupted  liberty 
of  conscience  :  And  that  the  places  of  Professors,  Tutors,  and  all  other  officers,  the 

*  A  substitute  for  this  engagement  of  allegiance  to  the  King  of  Great  Britain  was  adopted 
soon  after  the  Declaration  of  American  Independence. 
18 


138  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

President  alone  excepted,  shall  be  free  and  open  for  all  denominations  of  Protestants : 
And  that  youth  of  all  religious  denominations  shall  and  may  be  freely  admitted  to  the 
equal  advantages,  emoluments  and  honors  of  the  College  or  University;  and  shall 
receive  a  like  fair,  generous  and  equal  treatment,  during  their  residence  therein,  they 
conducting  themselves  peaceably,  and  conforming  to  the  laws  and  statutes  thereof. 
And  that  the  public  teaching  shall,  in  general,  respect  the  sciences;  and  that  the 
sectarian  differences  of  opinions,  shall  not  make  any  part  of  the  public  and  classical 
instruction ;  although  all  religious  controversies  may  be  studied  freely,  examined  and 
explained,  by  the  President,  Professors  and  Tutors,  in  a  personal,  separate  and  distinct 
manner,  to  the  youth  of  any  or  each  denomination  :  And  above  all,  a  constant  regard 
be  paid  to,  and  effectual  care  taken  of,  the  morals  of  the  College. 

And  furthermore,  for  the  honor  and  encouragement  of  literature,  we  constitute  and 
declare  the  Fellowship  aforesaid  a  learned  faculty ;  and  do  hereby  give,  grant  unto, 
and  invest  them  and  their  successors  with  full  power  and  authority,  and  they  are 
hereby  authorized  and  empowered  by  their  President,  and  in  his  absence  by  the  senior 
Fellow,  or  one  of  the  Fellows  appointed  by  themselves,  at  the  anniversary  Commence 
ment,  or  at  any  other  times,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  to  admit  to  and  confer  any  and 
all  the  learned  degrees,  which  can  or  ought  to  be  given  and  conferred  in  any  of  the 
colleges  or  universities  in  America ;  or  any  such  other  degrees  of  literary  honor  as 
they  shall  devise,  upon  any  and  all  such  candidates  and  persons  as  the  President  and 
Fellows,  or  Fellowship,  shall  judge  worthy  of  the  academical  honors :  Which  power  of 
conferring  degrees  is  hereby  restricted  to  the  learned  Faculty,  who  shall  or  may  issue 
diplomas  or  certificates  of  such  degrees,  or  confer  degrees  by  diplomas,  and  authenticate 
them  with  the  public  seal  of  the  Corporation,  and  the  hands  of  the  President  and 
Secretary,  and  of  all  the  Professors,  as  witnesses,  and  deliver  them  to  the  graduates 
as  honorable  and  perpetual  testimonies. 

And  furthermore,  for  the  greater  encouragement  of  this  seminary  of  learning,  and 
that  the  same  may  be  amply  endowed  and  enfranchised  with  the  same  privileges,  digni 
ties  and  immunities,  enjoyed  by  the  American  colleges,  and  European  universities, 
we  do  grant,  enact,  ordain  and  declare,  and  it  is  hereby  granted,  enacted,  ordained 
and  declared,  That  the  College  estate,  the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the  Presi 
dent  and  Professors,  for  the  time  being,  lying  and  being  within  the  Colony,  with  the 
persons  of  the  tutors  and  students,  during  their  residence  at  the  College,  shall  be  freed 
and  exempted  from  all  taxes,  serving  on  juries,  and  menial  services :  And  that  the 
persons  aforesaid  shall  be  exempted  from  bearing  arms,  impresses  and  military  services, 
except  in  case  of  an  invasion. 

And  furthermore,  For  establishing  the  perpetuity  of  this  Corporation,  and  in  case 
that  at  any  time  hereafter,  through  oversight,  or  otherwise  through  misapprehensions 
and  mistaken  constructions  of  the  powers,  liberties  and  franchises,  herein  contained, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  139 

any  laws  should  be  enacted,  or  any  matters  done  and  transacted  by  this  Corporation 
contrary  to  the  tenor  of  this  Charter,  it  is  hereby  enacted,  ordained  and  declared, 
That  all  such  laws,  acts  and  doings,  shall  be  in  themselves  null  and  void :  Yet, 
nevertheless,  the  same  shall  not,  in  any  courts  of  law,  or  by  the  General  Assembly,  be 
deemed,  taken,  interpreted  or  adjudged,  into  any  avoidance,  defeasance  or  forfeiture  of 
this  Charter;  but  that  the  same  shall  be  and  remain  unhurt,  inviolate  and  entire,  unto 
the  said  Corporation,  in  perpetual  succession  ;  which  Corporation  may,  at  all  times, 
and  forever  hereafter,  proceed  and  continue  to  act :  And  all  their  acts,  conformable 
to  the  powers,  tenor,  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  Charter,  shall  be  and  remain  in 
full  force  and  validity ;  the  nullity  and  avoidance  of  any  such  illegal  acts  to  the 
contrary  in  any  wise  notwithstanding. 

And  lastly,  we  the  Governor  and  Company  aforesaid,  do,  for  ourselves  and  our 
successors,  forever  hereby  enact,  grant  and  confirm,  unto  the  said  Trustees  and  Fellows, 
and  to  their  successors,  That  this  Charter  of  incorporation,  and  every  part  thereof, 
shall  be  good  and  available  in  all  things  in  the  law,  according  to  our  true  intent  and 
meaning :  And  shall  be  construed,  reputed  and  adjudged,  in  all  cases,  most  favorably 
on  the  behalf  and  for  the  best  benefit  and  behoof  of  the  said  Trustees  and  Fellows, 
and  their  successors,  so  as  most  effectually  to  answer  the  valuable  ends  of  this  useful 
Institution. 

In  full  testimony  of  which  grant,  and  of  all  the  articles  and  matters  therein  con 
tained,  the  said  Governor  and  Company  do  hereby  order,  That  this  act  shall  be  signed 
by  the  Governor  and  Secretary,  and  sealed  with  the  public  seal  of  this  Colony,  and 
registered  in  the  Colony's  records :  And  that  the  same,  or  an  exemplification  thereof, 
shall  be  a  sufficient  warrant  to  the  said  Corporation  to  hold,  use  and  exercise,  all  the 
powers,  franchises  and  immunities,  herein  contained. 

Signed  and  sealed  at  Newport,  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  October,  in  the  year  of 

our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty-five,  and  in  the  fifth  year  of 

[L.  s.]     His   Majesty's  reign,   George  the   Third,   by  the  grace  of  God,   of  Great 

Britain,  etc.,  King. 

SAMUEL  WARD,  Governor. 
EDWAKD  THUPSTON,  JR.,  Deputy  Secretary. 

The  provision  in  the  foregoing  Charter,  exempting  from  taxa 
tion  the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the  President  and  Pro 
fessors,  has  given  rise  to  unhappy  discussions  throughout  the 
State,  and  alienated,  doubtless,  the  sympathies  of  many  from  the 
University.  It  was  so  in  the  beginning.  As  early  as  June,  1772, 
in  regular  town  meeting,  the  words  "all  taxes,"  in  the  College 
Charter,  were  considered  as  implying  nothing  more  than  "all 


140  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

taxes  due  to  the  Colony,"  and  the  annual  town  tax  was  ordered 
to  be  assessed  and  levied  on  the  estates  of  the  President  and 
Professor.  The  same  thing  was  done  in  the  two  following  years. 
In  1774,  the  assessors  (Messrs.  Joseph  Brown,  Christopher  Sheldon 
and  Nathaniel  Wheaton)  omitted  to  assess  President  Manning  and 
Professor  Howell,  on  the  ground  that  they  were  legally  and  prop 
erly  exempted  by  Charter.  Thereupon  ensued  a  long  and  pro 
tracted  discussion,  which  was  carried  on  in  the  columns  of  the 
PROVIDENCE  GAZETTE,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred.  (See  num 
bers  for  February  5,  February  12,  April  16,  April  30,  and  May 
28,  1774.)  Much  bitterness  and  not  a  little  personal  feeling  were 
developed.  It  was  proposed  at  one  time  to  call  a  special  town 
meeting  on  the  subject,  but  wiser  counsels  prevailed,  and  the 
action  of  the  assessors  was  sustained,  and  followed  in  succeeding 
years.  The  war  which  soon  broke  out  with  the  mother  country, 
and  the  great  personal  influence  which  Manning  exerted  over  all 
classes  of  men,  contributed  not  a  little,  perhaps,  to  this  result. 

Among  the  archives  of  the  University  we  find  the  following 
document,  which  may  properly  appear  in  connection  with  this 
subject:  — 

In  order  to  give  satisfaction  to  the  town  of  Providence,  we  whose  names  are  under 
written,  do  declare  and  make  known,  that  it  is  our  real  sentiment  that  the  College 
estate  within  this  town,  (the  edifice  itself,  the  President's  house  and  garden,  and  the 
land  appropriated  to  the  use  of  a  yard  to  the  College  excepted,)  together  with  the 
persons  and  estates  of  the  President  and  Professors,  are  in  law  and  justice  bound  to 
pay  their  equal  proportion  of  the  town  rates.  Therefore  we  do  publicly  and  solemnly 
promise  unto  the  freemen  of  the  town  now  in  town  meeting  assembled,  that  we  will 
both  in  our  public  and  private  capacities  exert  ourselves  to  the  utmost  of  our  abilities 
to  cause  for  the  future  all  taxes  that  shall  be  levied  on  the  persons  and  estates  aforesaid 
by  this  town,  to  be  punctually  paid.  In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our 
hands  in  Providence,  this  19th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1774. 

The  original  document,  of  which  the  foregoing  is  a  copy,  is 
signed  by  Thomas  Green,  who,  at  the  time  of  writing,  was  a 
member  of  the  Corporation. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  141 

Of  late  years  this  controversy  in  regard  to  the  taxation  of 
the  President  and  Professors  has  been  revived.  Finally,  during 
the  progress  of  the  recent  civil  war,  a  bill  was  introduced  into 
the  General  Assembly  to  repeal  the  obnoxious  provision  of  the 
Charter.  The  President  of  the  University,  it  was  well  known, 
favored  some  movement  of  this  kind,  having  a  regard  for  the 
future  good  of  the  Institution  over  which  he  presided  rather  than 
his  own  immediate  advantage.  He  argued,  and  with  reason,  that 
wealthy  Professors,  who  were  able  to  pay  their  taxes,  were  mainly 
benefited  by  the  exemption,  and  not  those  who  had  but  little  if 
any  property  to  be  taxed.  A  public  institution,  he  moreover 
contended,  under  a  republican  form  of  government  like  our  own, 
could  not  really  thrive  without  the  good  will  of  the  public  upon 
whose  benefactions  and  sympathies  it  was  dependent.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  was  contended  that  the  General  Assembly  had 
never  made  any  appropriation  for  the  College,  which  had  confer 
red  lasting  benefits  upon  both  city  and  State,  and  that  any  move 
ment  on  the  part  of  the  assembled  legislators,  to  interfere  with 
the  chartered  rights  and  privileges  which  the  Professors  had 
enjoyed  for  a  century,  would  be  ungrateful  and  unjust.  By  wise 
concessions  and  judicious  action  on  the  part  of  the  Corporation, 
the  excitement  and  ill  feeling  incident  to  the  discussion  of  this 
question  were  allayed,  and  the  most  friendly  relations  between 
the  College  and  the  public  at  large  were  established.  The  Presi 
dent  and  Professors  generously  waived  their  rights  under  the 
Charter,  and  empowered  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  to  adopt  any 
measures  that  might  forward  the  interests  of  the  University.  A 
committee  of  the  Corporation,  in  conference  with  a  committee  of 
the  Legislature,  secured  the  passage  of  an  act,  by  which  exemp 
tion  from  taxation  was  not  to  cover  over  ten  thousand  dollars. 
The  validity  of  this  act  was  made  to  depend  on  the  assent  of  the 
Corporation,  so  that  the  inviolability  of  the  Charter  was  thus 


142  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

recognized  and  preserved.  In  this  form  it  secured  a  unanimous 
vote  in  the  General  Assembly,  and  also  in  a  very  large  meeting 
of  the  Corporation  convened  expressly  for  this  purpose.  It  is 
now,  therefore,  a  law.  So  important  a  movement  is  worthy  of 
special  mention,  and  we  therefore  proceed  to  give  at  length  the 
details. 

By  a  resolution  of  the  City  Council  of  Newport,  passed  on 
the  4th  of  March,  1862,  their  State  Senator  was  instructed  to 
endeavor  to  procure  the  alteration  or  repeal  of  so  much  of  the 
Charter  of  Brown  University,  as  exempts  the  property  of  the 
President  and  Professors  from  taxation;  —  the  Council  stating 
that  in  their  opinion,  there  was  no  justifiable  reason  for  such  an 
exemption,  especially  at  a  time  when  all  kinds  of  property  were 
necessarily  and  heavily  taxed  for  the  support  of  government  and 
the  preservation  of  the  Union.  This  resolution  was  presented  to 
the  Senate  on  the  day  following,  and  referred  to  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary  for  consideration.  This  Committee,  at  a  special 
session  of  the  General  Assembly,  submitted  to  the  Senate,  on  the 
26th  of  August,  1862,  a  lengthy  report,  drawn  up  by  the  Hon. 
Elisha  R  Potter,  of  South  Kingstown,  together  with  an  act  or 
bill  for  repealing  the  obnoxious  clause  in  the  Charter,  which  reads 
as  follows:  — 

An  Act  to  amend  the  Charter  of  Brown  University  by  repealing  so  much  thereof  as 
exempts  the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the  President  and  Professors  from 
taxation. 

WIIKRKAS,  in  times  of  public  danger  all  persons  ought  to  bear  their  share  of  the 
public  burdens  in  proportion  to  their  ability,  and  this  General  Assembly  have  full 
confidence  in  the  patriotism  of  the  said  President  and  Professors,  and  in  their  willing 
ness  to  bear  their  proper  share  of  the  taxation  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  our 
Union  and  Constitution,  therefore 

IT    IS    ENACTED    BY    THE    GENERAL    ASSEMBLY    AS    FOLLOWS  : 

So  much  of  the  act  aatitlrd  "  An  act  for  the  establishment  of  a  College  or  Uni 
versity  within  tliis  Colony,"  passed  at  the  February  session,  A.  D.  1764,  as  exempts 
the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the  President  and  Professors  of  said  Institution, 
now  known  as  Brown  University,  from  taxation,  is  hereby  repealed. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER.  143 

The  act  was  passed,  and  the  report,  entitled,  "Eight  of  a 
Legislature  to  grant  a  Perpetual  Exemption  from  Taxation,"  was 
ordered  to  be  printed. 

In  the  House,  however,  after  a  spirited  debate,  the  matter  was 
finally  referred  to  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  with  instruc 
tions  for  the  Chairman,  Hon.  Eichard  W.  Greene,  LL.  D.,  of 
Warwick,  to  present  the  whole  subject  to  the  Corporation  of  the 
University,  of  which  he  was  himself  a  member,  at  their  approach 
ing  annual  meeting.  This  he  accordingly  did,  and  on  the  4th  of 
September,  the  Corporation  referred  the  subject  to  a  Select  Com 
mittee  of  five,  with  instructions  to  report  at  a  special  meeting  of 
the  Corporation  to  be  held  on  the  21st  of  January,  1863.  This 
Committee  consisted  of  Dr.  Samuel  Boyd  Tobey,  Chancellor; 
Hon.  John  Kingsbury,  LL.  D.,  Secretary ;  Hon.  William  S.  Patten ; 
Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  LL.  D. ;  and  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Thurston.  They 
prepared  an  elaborate  and  comprehensive  report,  which  was  duly 
presented  at  the  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation.  This  Body, 
however,  after  a  lengthy  session,  adjourned  without  action,  leaving 
the  matter  still  in  the  hands  of  the  Committee.  Meanwhile  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives,  on  the  9th  of  February,  1863,  passed 
the  following  act,  emanating,  it  is  understood,  from  the  Select 
Committee  of  the  Corporation,  the  Senate,  ten  days  afterwards, 
unanimously  concurring  in  the  same: — 

An  Act  l.o  limit  the  exemption  from  taxation  of  the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the 
President  and  Professors  of  Brown  University. 

IT    IS    ENACTED    BY    THE    GENERAL    ASSEMBLY    AS    FOLLOWS  : 

SECTION  1.  The  Corporation  of  Brown  University  in  Providence  consenting 
hereto,  That  the  estates,  persons  and  families  of  the  President  and  Professors  for  the 
time  being  of  said  University,  and  of  their  successors  in  office,  shall  not  hereafter  be 
freed  or  exempted  from  taxes  for  more  than  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for 
each  of  such  officers,  his  estate,  person  and  family  included. 

SECTION  2.  The  vote  of  said  Corporation,  under  the  seal  and  certified  by  the 
Secretary  thereof,  declaring  that  the  Corporation  being  authorized  by  the  President 


144  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

and  Professors  of  said  University,  does  in  behalf  of  the  President  and  Professors  and 
in  behalf  of  said  Corporation  consent  to  this  Act,  shall  be  deemed  and  taken  to  be 
proof  of  their  consent  thereunto,  when  said  vote  shall  have  been  filed  in  the  office  of 
the  Secretary  of  State. 

The  Corporation  of  the  University,  at  a  second  special  meet 
ing,  held  Wednesday,  February  11,  which  was  largely  attended, 
adopted  the  following  by  a  unanimous  vote : — 

WHEREAS,  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  at  its  present 
session  on  the  llth  day  of  February,  1863,  has  passed  an  Act,  the  principal  section  of 
which  is  in  the  following  words,  viz.  :  — 

"  SECTION  1.  The  Corporation  of  Brown  University  in  Providence,  consenting 
hereto,  That  the  estates,  persons,  and  families  of  the  President  and  Professors  for  the 
time  being,  and  of  their  successors  in  office,  shall  not  hereafter  be  freed  and  exempted 
from  taxes,  for  more  than  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  each  of  such  officers, 
his  estate,  person  and  family  included," 

AND  WHEREAS,  The  Institution  of  Brown  University  was  established  by  its  found 
ers,  was  incorporated  with  liberal  franchises  by  the  State,  has  been  maintained  solely 
by  private  benefactions ;  all  uniting  for  the  same  noble  object,  that  is,  to  create  and 
promote  a  Seminary  of  religion  and  learning  within  this  State,  whose  beneficent  influ 
ences  should  be  diffused,  at  home  and  abroad,  through  all  time, 

AND  WHEREAS,  Those  influences  can  and  will  be  most  happily  diffused  and  con 
tinued  by  a  cordial  good  will  and  a  harmonious  cooperation  between  the  General 
Assembly  and  citizens  of  this  State  and  the  University, 

AND  WHEREAS,  The  General  Assembly  by  its  Act  aforesaid,  has  expressed  the 
opinion  that  the  President  and  Professors  should  bear  a  portion  of  the  burdens  of 
taxation  from  which  they  are  exempted  by  our  Charter,  and  has  made  the  validity  of 
its  said  Act  to  depend  upon  the  consent  of  this  Corporation  thereto,  thereby  affirming 
and  maintaining  the  inviolability  of  said  Charter, 

Therefore,  in  order  to  manifest  our  cordial  compliance  with  a  reasonable  wish  of 
the  General  Assembly,  as  expressed  in  said  Act, 

It  is  hereby  voted  and  declared  by  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  that 
being  authorized  by  the  President  and  Professors  of  said  University,  this  Corporation 
does,  in  behalf  of  the  President  and  Professors,  and  in  behalf  of  said  Corporation, 
consent  to  the  said  Act,  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island 
at  its  present  session,  as  aforesaid;  ard  the  Secretary  of  this  Corporation  is  hereby 
instructed  to  file  a  copy  of  this  vote,  under  the  seal  of  the  Corporation,  and  certified 
by  himself,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  as  proof  of  the  consent  of  this 
Corporation  thereto. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHARTER 


145 


Thus  a  vexed  and  difficult  question  was  happily  settled,  and 
the  Charter  itself  preserved  intact.  The  removal,  in  consequence, 
of  long-existing  prejudices  in  the  minds  of  the  people  towards 
the  College,  and  the  restoration  of  mutually  cordial  and  friendly 
relations,  are  auspicious  omens  for  the  future.  That  the  Univer 
sity  may  keep  on  the  even  tenor  of  her  way,  diffusing  throughout 
the  State  and  the  land  sound  learning  and  religion,  and  that  the 
citizens,  without  distinction  of  sect  or  party,  may  hereafter  honor 
and  cherish  her  as  "their  own,"  is  a  consummation  most  earnestly 
to  be  desired  by  all  her  graduates,  benefactors  and  friends. 

The  following  names  of  members  of  the  Corporation  at  the 
time  of  the  removal  of  the  College  to  Providence,  classified 
according  to  the  religious  denominations  which  they  represented, 
as  specified  in  the  Charter,  may  be  useful  for  reference,  as  also 
the  names  and  residences  of  the  present  members :  — 


BOARD  OF  FELLOWS. — 1770. 

BAPTISTS. 

Rev.  James  Manning,  President. 

Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  Philadelphia. 

Rev.  Edward  Upham,  Newport. 

Rev.  Samuel  Stillman,  Boston. 

Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  Havcrhill. 

Rev.  John  Davis,  Boston. 

Doct.   Joshua  Babcock,   Westerly,    (Seventh 

Day  Baptist.) 
Doct.  Thomas  Eyres,  Newport. 

EPISCOPALIANS. 

Rev.  Marmaduke  Browne,  Newport. 
Henry  Ward,*  Esq.,  Newport. 

FRIEND. 

Doct.  Jonathan  Easton,  Newport. 

CONGREGATIONALISM 

Doct,  Jabez  Bowen,  Providence. 


BOARD  OF  FELLOWS. — 1867. 

BAPTISTS. 

Rev.  Barnas  Sears,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President. 
Hon.  James  H.  Duncan,  LL.  D.,  Haverhill. 
John  Carter  Brown,  A.  M.,  Providence. 
Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  LL.  D.,  Worcester. 
Rev.  Baron  Stow,  D.  D.,  Boston. 
Rev.  Alvah  Woods,  D.  D.,  Providence. 
Rev.  Samuel  L.  Caldwell,  D.  D.,  Providence. 
S.  S.  Bradford,  A.  M.,  Providence. 

CONGREGATIONALISTS. 

Rev.  Edwards  A.  Park,  D  D.,  Andover. 
Hon.  John  Kingsbury,  LL.  D.,  Providence. 

EPISCOPALIANS. 

Alexander  Duncan,  A.  M.,  Providence. 
Hon.  Charles  S.  Bradley,  A.  M.,  Providence. 


*  Mr.  Ward  resigned  his  Fellowship  in   1771,  and   was  elected  a  Trustee  in  place  of 
Robert  Strettle  Jones,  of  Philadelphia,  a  Baptist.     Mr.  Ward's  place  in  the  Fellowship  was 
filled  by  the  election  of  the  Rev.  George  Bisset,  of  Newport. 
19 


146 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. — 1770. 

BAPTISTS. 

Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Newport,  (Seventh  Day 

Daniel  Jcnckes,  Esq.,  Providence).      Baptist.) 

Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  Providence. 

Rev.  Gardner  Thurstoii,  Newport. 

Rev.  John  Maxson,   Newport,  (Seventh  Day 

Rev.  John  Gano,  New  York.  Baptist.) 

Rev.  Samuel  Winsor,  Johnston. 

Hon.  Josias  Lyndon,  Newport. 

Simon  Pease,  Esq.,  Newport. 

Rev.    Joshua    Clarke,    Hopkinton,     (Seventh 

Col.  Joh  Bonnet,  Newport.          Day  Baptist.) 

Peleg  Barker,  Esq.,  Newport. 

Rev.  Russell  Mason,  Swansea. 

Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  Middieborough. 

Sylvester  Child,  Esq.,  "Warren. 

John  Tanner,  Esq.,  Newport. 

Joseph  Brown,  Esq.,  Providence. 

Nathan  Spear,  Esq.,  Boston. 

Capt.  John  Warren,  Newport. 

William  Brown,  Esq.,  Swansea. 

John  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  Newport. 

(One  vacancy.) 

FRIENDS. 

Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Providence. 
John  G.  Wanton,  Esq.,  Newport. 
Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Middletown. 
Edward  Thurston,  Jr.,  Newport. 
Thomas  Greene,  Esq.,  Providence. 

EPISCOPALIANS. 

Gov.  Joseph  Wanton,  Newport. 
Hon.  James  Honyman,  Newport. 
George  Hazard,  Esq.,  Newport. 
Joseph  Russell,  Esq.,  Providence. 

—  (One  vacancy.) 

CONGREGATION  ALISTS. 

Doct.  Ephraim  Bowcn,  Providence. 
Hon.  Nicholas  Cooke,  Providence. 
Hon.  Darius  Sessions,  Providence. 
James  Holme,  Esq.,  South  Kingstown. 


Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Chancellor. 
Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Vice-Chancellor. 
Doct.  Thomas  Eyres,  Sen-clary. 
Col.  Job  Bonnet,  Treasurer. 


BOARD  OP  TRUSTEES. — 1867. 

BAPTISTS. 

Rev.  David  Benedict,  D.  D.,  Pawtucket. 

Richard  J.  Arnold,  A.  M.,  Newport. 

Rev.  Rufus  Babcock,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

Rev.  William  Phillips,  A.  M..  Providence. 

Rev.  William  Hague,  D.  D.,  Boston. 

Rev.  Arthur  S.  Train,  D.  D.,  Framingham. 

Horatio  N.  Slater,  Esq.,  Webster. 

Hon.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  A.  M.,  Providence. 

Hon.  Charles  Thurber,  A.  M.,  Brooklyn. 

Hon.  Albert  Day,  Hartford. 

Rev.  C.  W.  Elanders,  D.D.,  Kennebunk  Port. 

Gardmr  Colby,  Esq.,  Newton  Centre. 

Rev.  John  C.  Stockbridge,  D.  D.,  Portland. 

Marshall  Woods,  A.  M.,  Providence. 

Rev.  Jonah  G.  Warren,  D.D.,  Newton  Centre. 

Rev.  Heman  Lincoln,  D.  D.,  Providence. 

Hon.  Thomas  G.  Turner,  Warren. 

Rev.  A.  H.  Granger,  D.  D.,  Providence. 

Jefferson  Borden,  Esq.,  Fall  River. 

Hon.  J.  Warren  Merrill,  Cambridge. 

John  B.  Hart  well,  Esq.,  Providence. 

Hon.  William  Sprague,  A.  M.,  Providence. 

FRIENDS. 

Samuel  Boyd  Tobey,  M.  D.,  Providence. 
Hon.  Richard  W.  Greene,  LL.  D.,  Warwick. 
Hon.  Geo.  Howland,  A.  M.,  New  Bedford. 
Stephen  A.  Chase,  Esq.,  Salem. 
George  L.  Collins,  M.  D.,  Providence. 

EPISCOPALIANS. 

Zachariah  Allen,  LL.  D.,  Providence. 
Robert  II.  Ives,  A.  M.,  Providence. 
William  A.  Crocker,  A.  M.,  New  York- 
Hon.  Thomas  P.  Shepard,  A.  M.,  Providence. 
William  Goddard,  A.  M.,  Providence. 

CON  GREG  ATIONALISTS. 

Hon.*Edward  Mellon,  LL.  D.,  Worcester. 
Hon.  AVilliam  S.  Patten,  A.  M.,  Providence. 
Rev.  Thatcher  Thayer,  D.  D.,  Newport. 
Earl  P.  Mason,  Esq.,  Providence. 


Samuel  Boyd  Tobey,  M.  I).,  Chancellor. 
Hon.  John  Kingsbury,  LL.  D.,  Secretary. 
Marshall  Woods,  A.  M.,  Treasurer. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS 


OBTAINED    IN 


ENGLAND    AND    IRELAND 


REV.    MORGAN    EDWARDS. 


1767-1769. 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


the  first  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held  in  Newport 
on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  1764,  measures 
were  taken  to  obtain  funds  for  the  endowment  of  the  infant 
College.  Committees  to  receive  subscriptions,  including  in  all 
the  names  of  sixty-nine  gentlemen,  were  appointed  for  Rhode 
Island,  the  states  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  and  the 
southern  and  western  parts  of  the  Continent.  In  the  Philadel 
phia,  Charleston,  and  Warren  Associations,  and  throughout  the 
Baptist  churches  of  America,  the  Institution  was  warmly  com 
mended,  and  every  individual  member  thereof  was  recommended 
to  contribute  annually  a  small  sum  for  its  support,  and  the  encour 
agement  of  learning. 

Among  the  gentlemen  with  whom  the  Corporation  corre 
sponded  on  the  subject  of  obtaining  subscriptions  for  the  College, 
was  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  who  had  first  proposed  the  found 
ing  of  the  Institution  to  the  Philadelphia  Association.  He  at 
once  resolved  to  go  on  a  mission  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
where  he  had  received  his  birth  and  education.  The  following 
"authorization"  we  copy  from  the  records:  — 


150  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

By  the  Honorable  Samuel  Ward,  Esquire,  Vice-Chancellor,  and  the  Beverend  James 
Maiming,  President  of  the  College  or  University  in  the  English  Colony  of  Rhode 
Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  in  New  England,  in  America.  To  the  Rev 
erend  Morgan  Edwards,  A.  M.,  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania,  GREETING  :  — 

WHEREAS,  The  General  Assembly  of  the  Colony  aforesaid,  did,  by  an  act  passed 
at  their  session  held  on  the  last  Monday  in  February,  1764,  incorporate  certain  persons 
therein  named  into  one  body  corporate  and  politic;  and  granted  them  a  Charter, 
authorizing  and  empowering  them  and  their  successors  to  found,  endow,  order  and 
govern  a  College  or  University  within  said  Colony,  as  in  arid  by  the  said  Charter, 
reference  thereto  being  made  will  fully  and  clearly  at  large  appear  :  And  whereas,  the 
Corporation  of  the  said  College  or  University,  reposing  special  trust  and  confidence  in 
your  abilities  and  integrity,  and  convinced  of  your  disinterested  zeal  and  ardor  for 
promoting  and  completing  the  design  of  the  General  Assembly,  did,  at  their  meeting 
held  by  authority  of,  and  agreeable  to  their  Charter,  at  Newport,  in  the  said  Colony, 
on  the  day  of  the  date  hereof.*  unanimously  resolve,  that  you,  the  aforesaid  Morgan 
Edwards,  should  be  requested  and  empowered  to  proceed  to  Europe  to  solicit  and 
receive  donations  for  the  aforesaid  purpose  :  These  are  therefore  to  authorize  and 
empower  you,  the  said  Morgan  Edwards,  to  proceed  with  all  convenient  speed  to 
Europe,  and  in  any  part  of  his  Majesty's  dominions,  or  elsewhere,  to  urge,  solicit,  and 
receive  from  the  friends  of  useful  literature,  and  other  well  disposed  persons,  donations 
and  benefactions  for  the  founding  and  endowing  the  College  or  University  aforesaid  : 
For  all  which  donations  and  benefactions  you  are  to  be  accountable  to  the  Treasurer  of 
said  Corporation  for  the  time  being ;  your  reasonable  charges  and  expenses  in  soliciting 
the  same  being  first  deducted. 

In  testimony  whereof,   the  said   Vice  Chancellor  and   President  have   hereunto 

set  their  hands,  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  Corporation  to  be  affixed,  in  Newport 

aforesaid,  this  twentieth  day  of  November,   1766,  and  in  the  seventh  year  of 

[L.  s.]     the  reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lord  George  the  Third,  by  the  grace  of  GOD, 

King  of  Great  Britain,  etc.  ,,  ~     ., 

JAMES  MANNING,  President. 

SAMUEL  WARD,  Vice-Chancellor. 

The  following  letter  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church 
of  Scotland,  commending  to  their  regards  Mr.  Edwards  and  his 
mission,  we  copy  from  an  original  document  on  file.  Mr.  Edwards, 
it  appears,  confined  his  solicitations  to  England  and  Ireland.  The 

*The  date  of  the  document,  it  will  be  observed,  is  November  20,  176G  ;  —  but  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Corporation  was  held  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  1766. 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  151 

letter  is  remarkably  well  expressed,  and  deserves  a  place  in  this 
documentary  history  of  the  College:  — 

To  the  very  Reverend,  the  Moderator,  and  the  other  members  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland.  The  Memorial  of  the  Honorable  Stephen  Hopkins, 
Esq.,  Governor  of  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  in 
New  England,  and  Chancellor  of  the  College  in  the  said  Colony,  and  of  the 
Reverend  James  Manning,  President  of  the  same,  in  behalf  of  the  Corporation 
of  the  said  College,  sheweth: 

That  the  General  Assembly  of  the  said  Colony,  taking  into  consideration  the 
disadvantages  the  inhabitants  thereof  lie  under  from  the  want  of  a  College  for  the 
education  of  youth,  and  the  great  benefits  that  arise  to  society  from  a  well  ordered  and 
liberal  education,  granted  a  charter  incorporating  the  persons  therein  mentioned,  and 
empowering  them  to  erect,  found  and  endow  a  College  in  the  said  Colony,  for  the 
promotion  of  learning  upon  a  plan  so  extensive  and  charitable  that  protestants  of  all 
denominations  may  there  freely  be  initiated  in  the  useful  arts  and  sciences,  as  by  the 
charter  will  fully  appear. 

The  persons  so  appointed  have  accepted  the  trust  reposed  in  them;  but  being 
sensible  that  in  this  small  Colony  alone,  it  would  be  impossible  to  raise  a  sufficient 
fund  for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  found  themselves  under  a  necessity  to  make  application 
to  the  friends  of  literature  in  other  parts  of  His  Majesty's  dominions,  for  their  charitable 
assistance. 

Accordingly  they  have  appointed  and  empowered  the  Reverend  Mr.  Morgan 
Edwards  to  solicit  and  receive  donations  for  this  Institution  in  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland ;  whom  we  have  desired  to  make  application  to  you  ;  and  take  the  liberty  to 
recommend  him  as  a  gentleman  of  great  merit,  and  a  faithful  minister  of  Jesus  Christ. 
It  will  be  in  his  power  to  give  you  every  necessary  information  for  forming  a  true 
judgment  of  this  affair. 

To  gentlemen  of  your  piety  and  learning  it  is  needless  to  attempt  to  point  out  the 
great  utility  of  a  good  education,  and  we  have  only  to  request  that  you  will  take  this 
matter  into  consideration,  and  give  Mr.  Edwards  such  assistance  and  encouragement 
in  the  prosecution  of  this  business  as  you  shall  think  it  deserves 

We  are,  with  great  respect,  Reverend  Gentlemen,  your  most  humble  servants, 

JAMES  MANNING,   President. 
STEPHEN  HOPKINS,  Chancellor. 

Mr.  Edwards  set  out  for  Europe  in  the  month  of  February, 
1767.  He  appears  to  have  been  well  received  by  his  brethren 
in  England,  as  is  manifest  from  the  following  printed  document: — 


152  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  credentials  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  of  Philadelphia,  being  satisfactory 
to  this  assembly  of  General  Baptists,  (met  at  Horsly-down,  May  25,  1768,)  and  he 
having  laid  before  us  a  printed  state  of  the  Baptist  College,  in  Rhode  Island,  and  the 
design  being  approved  by  us,  we  do  recommend  the  same  to  the  serious  consideration 
of  the  several  congregations  belonging  to  this  assembly,  to  make  collections  and 
promote  private  contributions  for  the  same,  (the  immediate  expense  of  which  is 
supposed  to  require  about  £2,000,)  and  that  the  money  so  collected  be  remitted  to 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeffries  or  the  Rev.  Daniel  Noble,  in  London.  Signed  by  order  and  in 
behalf  of  the  whole,  GRANTIIAM  KILLINGWORTII. 

LONDON,  May  27,  17G8  :  We  whose  names  are  underwritten  having  perused  the 
charter  of  the  Baptist  College  in  Rhode  Island  government,  and  the  Rev.  Morgan 
Edwards's  authority  (under  the  stal  of  said  College)  to  solicit  donations  towards 
endowing  it,  and  having  (some  of  us)  been  personally  acquainted  with  Mr.  Edwards, 
as  well  before  his  going  to  America,  as  since,  do  earnestly  recommend  his  useful 
undertaking  to  the  friends  of  religion  and  learning. 

John  Gill,  D.  D.,  Samuel  Stennett,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Benjamin  Wallin,  Joseph  Jeffries, 
D.  D.,  Rev.  C.  Bulldey,  Rev.  Thomas  Towle,  William  Langford,  i).  D.,  Thomas 
Gibbons,  D.  D.,  John  Cornier,  D.  D  ,  Andrew  Kippis,  D.  D.,  Rev.  H.  Evans,  of 
Bristol. 

Mr.  Edwards  thus  writes  from  London,  to  his  friend,  President 
Manning,  at  Warren,  respecting  the  progress  of  the  subscriptions :  — 

LONDON,  April  26,  1768. 

MY  DEAR  FRIEND:  —  I  long  to  hear  from  you.  Your  last  was  of  October  12, 
1767.  Why  are  you  so  slack?  I  informed  you  by  post,  January  7,  of  my  compli 
ance  with  your  request  touching  Mr.  Keith's  demand  ;  and  of  a  draught  on  you,  value 
.£66  14s  2d  sterling.  The  duplicate  of  same  draught  I  sent  by  a  Boston  vessel  which 
sailed  about  the  latter  end  of  the  same  month.  I  hope  one  or  the  other  is  come  safe 
to  Mr.  Tillinghast's  hands.  Since  that  I  have  sent  to  Philadelphia,  £219  10s  4rf. 
I  might  have  sent  more  were  I  not  suspicious  that  the  exchange  is  low  by  reason  of 
the  number  of  vessels  that  sailed  for  that  port  for  flour.  Mr.  Miles  informed  me  that 
he  had  sold  one  of  my  Irish  bills,  value  £83  10s  Id,  for  £138  12s  M  currency,  which 
gained  for  the  College  upwards  of  £13.  I  have  not  had  any  account  of  the  sale  of 
the  other  bill  from  the  same  country.  I  want  much  to  hear  how  you  intend  to  put 
the  money  out. 

Last  week  a  banker  gave  me  twenty  guineas,  with  a  promise  of  much  more,  on 
condition  that  the  College,  from  time  to  time,  will  correspond  with  him,  and  show 
fairness  and  fidelity  in  the  management  of  what  money  he  and  others  intrust  us  with. 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  153 

I  must  desire,  therefore,  that  the  College  will  embrace  the  first  opportunity  to  begin 
that  correspondence,  and  acknowledge  his  kindness.  You  may  direct  to  Mr.  Samuel 
Roffey,  banker  in  Lombard  street,  London.  You  must  observe,  also,  that  in  England, 
as  in  Ireland,  I  solicit  for  money  towards  endowing  the  College,  and  therefore  take 
care  that  you  all  attend  to  the  design  of  the  donors. 

Tnclosed  you  have  a  list  of  all  the  sums  I  received  in  Ireland,  which  list  was 
distributed  in  the  several  places  where  I  have  been.  The  design  was  to  let  every 
one  of  them  see  that  I  gave  true  credit  for  what  I  have  received.  Had  Tenn-nt, 
D-vis,  and  Be-ty,  and  Whit-r*  done  so  they  would  have  prevented  suspicions  very 
injurious  to  themselves  and  to  those  that  come  after  them  on  the  like  errand.  Mr. 
Raffey  told  me  that  he  has  been  called  a  rogue  for  aiding  the  said  persons  to  raise 
money  in  London. 

If  I  were  to  stay  in  London  ever  so  long  I  believe  I  should  get  money,  but  it 
comes  so  slowly  and  by  such  small  sums  that  I  cannot  spare  the  time.  However,  I 
may  depend  on  the  friendship  of  two  or  three  when  I  leave  the  kingdom,  who  have 
promised  to  solicit  for  us,  and  do  not  doubt  but  they  will  do  more  than  I  shall  be  able 
to  accomplish,  as  they  may  watch  convenient  seasons.  There  have  been  no  less  than 
six  cases  of  charity  pushed  about  town  this  winter,  viz.  :  two  from  Germany,  two 
from  the  country  of  England,  and  two  from  America.  The  unwearied  beneficence  of 
the  city  of  London  is  amazing  ! 

Your  newspapers,  and  letters  from  your  government,  published  in  other  papers, 
have  hurt  me  much.  You  boast  of  the  many  yards  of  cloth  you  manufacture,  etc. 
This  raises  the  indignation  of  the  merchants  and  manufacturers.  I  have  been  not 
only  denied  by  hundreds,  but  also  abused  on  that  score.  My  patience,  my  feet,  and 
my  assurance  are  much  impaired.  I  took  a  cold  in  November,  which  stuck  to  me  all 
winter,  owing  to  my  trampoosing  the  streets  in  all  weathers.  Pray  let  me  hear  from 
you  by  every  opportunity.  My  love  to  Mrs.  Manning,  and  believe  me  to  be,  with 
affection  and  esteem,  your  brother  and  humble  servant,  MOPGAN  EDWARDS 

P.  S.  I  see  in  the  York  paper,  an  advertisement  signifying  that  infant  baptism  is 
from  heaven,  proved  at  Newburyport.  But  the  people  of  Haverhill  do  not  seem  to  believe 

*  In  1753,  by  request  of  the  Trustees  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  the  Presbyterian 
Synod  of  New  York  appointed  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Tennent,  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev. 
(afterwards  President)  Samuel  Davies,  to  cross  the  Atlantic  and  solicit  funds  for  that  Insti 
tution.  The  mission  was  eminently  successful ;  but  the  only  account  of  it  that  remains  is 
found  in  the  diary  of  Mr.  Davis.  About  the  same  time,  or  a  little  later,  the  Rev.  Nathaniel 
AVhitaker,  accompanied  by  Samson  Occum,  an  Indian  preacher,  solicited  funds  for  Moor's 
Indian  Charity  School,  afterwards  Dartmouth  College.  Who  the  other  person  was  to  whom 
Edwards  refers,  we  are  not  informed. 
20 


154 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


that  this  image  came  down  from  Jupiter ;    for  the  brave  Hezekiah  Smith,   I  hear, 
frequently  uses  the  baptism  of  John. 

The  following  is  the  list  to  which  Mr.  Edwards  refers  in  the 
foregoing  letter:  — 

A  list  of  persons  in  Ireland,  who  have  contributed  towards  endowing  the  College 
in  Rhode  Island  government.  Published,  according  to  promise,  partly  for  the  honor 
of  the  benefactors,  and  partly  to  satisfy  thorn  and  the  College  of  the  fidelity  of  their 
humble  servant,  by  whom  the  money  hath  been  collected.  The  sums  are  put  down  in 
English  currency,  because  better  known  in  America  :  — 

CORK.  I 

Ebenezer  Pike,    - 


Joseph  Fowke, 
Stephen  Mills,     - 
John  Osburn, 
William  Harrington,    - 
Mary  Murphy, 
Thomas  Bible,     - 
Susanna  Pilson, 
Rev.  Walter  Richards, 
Riggs  Falkiner, 
William  Dixon,  - 
James  Rains, 
Thomas  Strettell, 
Henry  Wannell, 
Thomas  Rogers  Trayer, 
John  Elliott,  - 
Abraham  Lane, 
Robert  Stevelly, 
Francis  Carleton, 
Joshua  Harmon, 
Richard  Pope,     - 
James  Aickin, 
James  Emerson 
Mathew  O.  Dwyer, 
Mary  Newth, 
John  Rolt,      - 
William  Dobbin, 
Gerard  Fehrman,     - 
Abraham  Fuller, 
^Samuel  Beale, 
Francis  Allin,     - 
Francis  McCarthy, 
George  Eveleigh, 
William  Lawton,     - 


£      s 

d 

2    2 

0 

8    8 

0 

1    1 

0 

1     1 

0 

1    1 

0 

0  10 

6 

1    1 

0 

1     1 

0 

3    3 

0 

1     1 

0 

1     1 

0 

2    2 

0 

0    2 

6 

0    5 

0 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

1   1 

0 

0  10 

6 

1   1 

0 

0    5 

0 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0    2 

6 

0    5 

0 

1    1 

0 

0  10 

6 

0    5 

0 

0    2 

6 

1     1 

0 

0    6 

9 

1     1 

0 

Caleb  Beale, 
Humphry  Crowly, 
Benjamin  Pike, 
Daniel  Jones, 
Nathaniel  Lavit, 
William  Parks,   - 
Peter  Cambridge, 
James  Ellis, 
George  Randall, 
Joseph  Abell,     - 
John  Devroux, 
Luke  Grant, 
Nicholas  Howell, 
Thomas  Price,     - 
Thomas  Jones, 
Samuel  Neale,     - 
John  Dennis, 
George  Newenham. 


WATERFORD. 
William  Emerson,  - 
|  Elizabeth  Brown, 
~  j  Josiah  Porter, 

Rev   James  Edwards, 
Hans  Wallace, 
E.  Edwards,  M.  D.,     - 
Hugh  Ramsey, 
John  Lyon, 
Thomas  Jones, 
William  Hammond, 
Rev.  John  Brown,  - 


50  10 


0  10 
0  10 
0  10 
0  10 
0  10 

0  10 

1  1 


0  10    6 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


155 


DUBLIN. 

Joseph  Agitt, 
Mary  Wilkinson, 
Mrs.  Luke  Kelly,   - 
Richard  White,   - 
Samuel  Powell, 
Robert  Moore, 
Abraham  Wilkinson, 
Mary  Thomas, 
John  Atkinson, 
John  Fawcett,     - 
William  Coates, 
Robert  Montgomery,    - 
George  Wilson, 
John  Allen, 
William  Hunt, 
Peter  Wilkinson, 
George  Gibson, 
Rachel  Connor,   - 
Samuel  Tyndall, 
Richard  Maxwell, 

B G on, 

William  McGowan, 
Benjamin  Nun, 
Nathaniel  Stakes, 
James  Booth, 
Samuel  Gough,    - 
Thomas  Haffield,     - 
Beau  Champe,    - 
Elizabeth  Benn, 
Thomas  Booth,    - 
Rev.  John  Haughton, 
Thomas  Bible,     - 
Thomas  Bond, 
Rebeck  a  Gibbon, 
William  Gibson, 
Elizabeth  Brabing, 
James  Manypeny,  - 
Rev.  Thomas  Vance,   - 
Rev.  William  Boulton, 
Robert  McGregor, 
James  Goodman,     - 
John  Reilly, 
Robert  Riky, 
Thumas  Vickers, 
Edward  Hincks, 


£      s. 

d. 

Isaac  Simon, 

£ 
1 

i 

d. 

0 

1      I 

0 

William  Jackson,    - 

0 

10 

6 

1      1 

0    5 

0 
6 

George  Maquay, 
Joseph  Nun,  - 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 
0 

0  10 

6 

Col.  James  Dunn,        -  • 

1 

1 

0 

0    8 

3 

John  Walker, 

0 

5 

0 

2    2 

0 

John  Fury, 

0 

1 

0 

2    2 

0 

Nathaniel  Mackay, 

0 

5 

0 

1     1 

0 

Anthony  Grayson, 

1 

1 

0 

1     1 

0 

Nathaniel  Garner,  - 

0 

10 

6 

1     1 

0 

Benjamin  Page, 

0 

10 

6 

1     1 

() 

John  Barrow, 

0 

5 

0 

0  10 

6 

Mary  McMaster, 

2 

2 

0 

0  10 

6 

John  Armstong, 

1 

1 

0 

1  1 

0 

James  Lang, 

1 

1 

0 

1    1 

0 

James  Young, 

0 

1 

0 

1   1 

0 

James  Martin. 

0 

5 

0 

1  1 

0 

S.  Bushell,     - 

0 

10 

6 

1  1 

0 

Hester  Hewetson, 

0 

10 

6 

1   1 

0 

Robert  Jaffray, 

1 

1 

0 

1   1 

0 

David  Aigoin,     - 

0 

10 

6 

1  1 

0 

Jeremiah  Vickers,  - 

0 

10 

6 

0  10 

6 

Thomas  Read, 

1 

1 

0 

1    1 

0 

Thomas  Garner, 

0 

2 

6 

0  10 

C> 

Miss  Aigoin, 

0 

10 

«; 

0  10 

6 

William  Grubb,       - 

0 

10 

('» 

0  10 

6 

Thomas  King, 

1 

1 

0 

0  10 

6 

John  Stewart, 

1 

1 

0 

0    1 

0 

Samuel  Edwards, 

0 

10 

0 

010 

(\ 

U    J-U 

0  10 

*  ) 

r> 

57 

16 

3 

1   1 

0 

BELFAST. 

0    5 
0  10 

0 
6 

Greggs  and  Cunningham, 
Rev.  Thomas  Drennan, 

2 
1 

2 

1 

0 
0 

2    2 

0 

Gilbert  Orr,  - 

1 

1 

0 

0    5 

0 

Robert  Armstrong, 

0 

10 

6 

1     1 

0 

Rev.  James  Saurin, 

1 

1 

0 

0  10 

6 

The  first  ancl  second  Presbyterian 

1    1 

0 

Churches, 

13 

9 

0 

1   1 

0  10 

0 
6 

Third  Presbyterian  Church,  - 

14 

15 

4 

0  10 

6 

33 

19 

10 

1  1 

0 

LISBURN. 

1'  1 

0 

William  Nevill,       - 

1 

1 

0 

0    5 

0 

Rev.  James  Bryson, 

0 

10 

6 

0  10 

C» 

James  Down  and  Connor, 

3 

3 

0 

156 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


John  Hill, 
Jacob  Hancock, 
Francis  Burden, 
David  Wilson, 
Henry  Bell, 
William  Macten, 
Alexander  Lcgg, 


ANTRIM. 

Thomas  Thompson, 
John  Gilmore,     - 
John  Thompson, 
Thomas  Hoope,   - 
Charles  Bell, 

Rev.  William  Williamson, 
Samuel  McCormick,  M.  D. 
Thomas  Bell, 
Thomas  Shaw, 
George  Young,    - 
John  Meek,    - 
William  Meek,    - 
Alexander  McBurney,     - 
James  Duncan,   - 
John  Blackley, 
James  Watt, 


BALLYMONY. 
Thomas  Leiky, 
Rev.  Laurence  Grace, 
Gift  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 


COLERAINE. 
Hugh  Lyle,    - 
Alexander  Lawrence,  - 
William  Smith, 
John  Gait, 
Charles  Haslett, 
Robert  Rice, 
Susanna  Ferguson, 
Fred.  Ferguson, 
John  Clarke  Lewis, 
John  Bell, 
Alexander  McKachan,     - 


£      s. 
1      1 

d. 

0   Rev.  Robert  Higinbothom, 

0  10 

6    Rev.  Arthur  Kyle, 

- 

1   1 

0   James  Thomson, 

1   1 

0   William  Mitchell,    - 

. 

0  1G 

3 

Shuma  White,     - 

0  10 

6 

Alexander  Patrick, 

- 

1    1 

0 

William  Gait,      - 

Henry  Newton, 

. 

10  15 

9  j  John  Hunter, 

James  Hamill, 

- 

1    1 

0 

0    5 

0 

1    1 

0 

LONDONDERRY. 

0  10 

6 

Rev.  John  Torrens, 

_ 

0  10 

6 

William  Hogg,    - 

0    5 

0 

William  Caidwell,  - 

. 

1    1 

0 

John  Fairly, 

0  10 

6 

Samuel  Hadfield,    - 

- 

0  10 

6 

William  Scott,     - 

0  10 

6 

Robert  Fairly, 

_ 

0    2 

6 

Rev.  John  Hood, 

0    5 

0 

Rev.  David  Harvey, 

- 

0    5 

0 

John  Atchison,  - 

0    5 

0 

John  Knox,    - 

- 

0    5 

0 

Robert  Alexander, 

0    2 

G 

James  Thompson,    - 

_ 

William  McKean, 

10    6 

7 

0    2 

6 

NEWRY 

1     1 

0 

Richard  ap  Richard, 

- 

i,  4    6 

3 

George  Glenny, 

James  Pollock, 

. 

5    9 

9 

Thomas  Stewart, 

Samuel  McDowell, 

- 

1    1 

0 

William  Beath,  - 

0  10 

6 

George  Scott, 

- 

0    5 

0 

Rev.  James  Moody,     - 

1     1 

0 

John  Pollock, 

- 

0  10 

6 

0    2 

6 

0    2 

6                            WESTMEATII. 

0    2 

6  ][  Timothy  Bagnal,     - 

- 

0    3 

0    Timothy  Bagnal,  Jr.,  - 

0    2 

6    Joseph  Lemmon, 

- 

0    2 

6   Mrs.  Knowland,  - 

0  10 

0  10 

1  1 


£      s.      d. 

0  10    6 
0  10    6 

0  10    6 
026 
050 

1  1    0 
0106 
0    1    0 
026 
027 


8    0    1 

1    1    0 

0  10    6 


1    1  0 

1    1  0 

1    1  0 

1    1  0 

0  10  G 

0  10  6 

1  1  0 

0  10  9 

1  1  0 


11  11    0 

1  1  0 
050 
1  1  0 
050 
050 
0  10  6 
026 

0  10    6 

1  1     0 

5     1     6 

1     1     0 

0  10    6 

1  1    0 
1     1    0 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  157 

Thomas  Booth,  -     010     6  j  John  Cornwall,        -  -050 

James  Brennon,                                050    Alexander  Cornwall,    -  050 

John  Codd,    -                            -     0    5     0  j  Thomas  Ashton,      -                  -  0  10     6 

By  sundry,                                       013    0   John  Lemmon,    -  0  10    6 

~5~^7 0  |J°sePh  ^roith'  010    6 
O.MOKD.                            i  fch°la|  MuMkton, 
Rev.  James  North,                    -     1    1     0  j James  Shortt> 

Daniel  Rogers,    -                            1     1     0  \  9120 

Mich.  Lewis,                               -110   Rev.  Phil.  Dixon  of  Tullcmore,  110 

William  Shortt,  -                             110;  Rev.  Jas.  Deaves  of  Garryard,  0  10     6 

Anna  Wilkinson,    -                  -     0     5    0   Thomas  Fouece  of  Tyrrels-pass;  010     6 
Thurgood  North,                             0  10    6  i 
William  Rhodes,      -                  -026! 
Grace  Otway,      -                            066,  Sum  total  collected  in  Ireland,  116    4    5 

Remitted  to  the  College  by  Mr.  Thompson  of  Derry,  June  26,  1767,       -  26    5     0 

By  Greggs  and  Cunningham  of  Belfast,  July  13,  1767,      -  44    4    3 

By  Falkiner  and  Mills  from  Cork,  September  16,  -                                     -  84    0    0 

By  ditto,  October  5,  1767,       -  21    0    0 

By  Captain  Seymore  Hood,  from  Newry,                                                       -  880 

By  Richard  Lemmon,  from  Cork,      -  220 


Sum  total  remitted,      -  -  185  19    3 

Not  yet  received  of  the  above  subscriptions,  270 

Necessary  expenses,     -  -     27  18    2 


216    4    5 

P.  S.  Mr.  Edwards  begs  the  excuse  of  those  gentlemen  on  whom  he  has  not 
been  able  to  wait  a  second  time  to  receive  their  subscriptions ;  and  desires  they  will  be 
pleased  to  pay  the  same  to  Mr.  Abraham  Wilkinson  of  Park  Street,  or  Mr.  John  Pym 
Joshua,  of  Ushers  Quay,  Dublin,  who  will  soon  be  authorized  by  the  College  to  solicit, 
receive,  and  remit  money  for  its  use.  Mr.  Edwards  has  also  heard,  since  he  left  Ire 
land,  of  several  who  expressed  a  willingness  to  become  benefactors  to  said  College. 
He  thanks  them  for  their  good  will ;  and  entreats  them  to  deposit  their  gifts,  whether 
money  or  books,  with  tho  above  mentioned  merchants  in  Dublin.  This  list  may  be 
had  of  the  Rev.  W.  Boulton,  in  Golden  Lane,  Dublin. 

Mr.  Edwards  also  published  and  circulated  a  second  list,  as 
follows:  — 

A  list  of  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  in  England  who  have  contributed  towards 
endowing  the  College  in  Rhode  Island  government.  In  this  list  the  publisher  hath 
endeavored  to  give  honor  to  whom  honor  is  due,  but  if  he  hath  failed  in  any  instances, 
he  hopes  the  party  concerned  will  excuse  it :  — 


158 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


LONDON. 

Rev.  Dr.  John  Gill, 

Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Stennet,    - 

Rev.  Dr.  Andrew  Giffbrd, 

Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Jeffries, 

Rev.  Daniel  Noble, 

Rev.  Charles  Bulkley, 

Rev.  John  Stevens, 

Rev.  Dr.  John  Condor, 

Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Gibbons, 

Rev.  Thomas  Towlc,    - 

Rev.  William  Clarke,       - 

Rev.  John  Potts, 

Rev.  Joseph  Jenkins, 

hitto  in  Books,   - 

The  Hon.  Thomas  Penn, 

Thomas  Llewelyn,  Esq., 

Ditto  in  Books, 

Samuel  Roffey,  Esq.,  - 

Benjamin  Franklin,  Esq., 

Frederick  Bull,  Esq.,  - 

Robert  Barlow,  Esq.,  of  Boston, 

Thomas  Hollis,  Esq.,    - 

Stephen  Williams,  Esq., 

Thomas  Watson,  Esq., 

Messrs.  D.  and  J.  Barclay, 

Mr.  Benjamin  West,    - 

William  Stead,  Esq., 

Mr.  Stephen  Lowdell, 

Jenkin  Jones,  Esq., 

James  Vere,  Esq., 

Grantham  Killingworth,  Esq.,  - 

Messrs.  Harford  and  Powell, 

Messrs.  Mildred  and  Roberts,   - 

John  Mills,  Esq., 

John  Thornton,  Esq., 

Timothy  Hollis,  Esq.,  - 

Dr.  John  Fothcrgill, 

George  Baskerville,  Esq.,     - 

Mr.  William  Weave, 

Samuel  Stinton,  Esq., 

Mr,  David  Langton, 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Halsey, 

Mrs.  Martha  Adams, 

Rev.  John  Potts, 

Mr.  George  Wilkinson,    • 


£ 

d.  i  Messrs.  Lane,  Son,  and  Fraser, 

£ 

5 

5 

d. 

0 

5 

5 

0   Mr.  Isaac  Wane,     - 

5 

5 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Messrs.  Champion  and  Dickason, 

5 

o 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Edward  Jeffries,    - 

5 

5 

0 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Bartholomew  Pomeroy, 

5 

5 

0 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Granger, 

4 

10 

0 

5 

5 

0 

J.  Shearwood,  Esq., 

3 

3 

0 

3 

3 

0    Mr.  Joseph  Flight, 

3 

3 

0 

1 

1 

0    Mr.  Thomas  Weston, 

3 

3 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Flight,      - 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Robert  Keen,  - 

3 

3 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Vaughan,     - 

2 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Ha  mm  an, 

2 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Thomas  Nash,  Esq.,     - 

2 

2 

0 

2 

10 

0 

Mr.  John  Gill, 

2 

2 

0 

20 

0 

0 

Mr.  J.  Mabbs,    - 

2 

2 

0 

21 

0 

0 

Miss  Flights, 

"2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr   J:;hn  Flight, 

2 

2 

0 

21 

0 

0 

Mrs.  Prudence  Davis, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0    Mrs.  Elizabeth  Wilkinson,     - 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Joseph  Robarts, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr   Thomas  Pewtress, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  George  Keith,  - 

2 

2 

I) 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Joseph  Burch, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Alexander  Scott, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Nicholas  Beckman, 

2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Bell,   - 

"2 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Stephen  Dcndy,    - 

o 

2 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  John  Bowles,  - 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0    Mr.  Samuel  Williams, 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Clement  Bellamy,     - 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr,  Joseph  Perry, 

1 

1 

o 

10 

10 

0 

Mrs.  Ann  Perry,     - 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mr,  Joseph  Perry,  Jr., 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0    Mr.  James  Pearson, 

1 

1 

0 

10 

10 

0 

Mrs.  Flight, 

1 

1 

0 

i) 

5 

0 

Mr.  Flight,     - 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0 

Mrs,  Mackmerds, 

1 

1 

0 

5 

o 

0 

Mr.  James  Smith,   - 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0    Miss  Elizabeth  Butler, 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0    Mr.  William  Mace, 

1 

1 

0 

o 

5 

0   Mr.  George  Darby, 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0    Mr.  Ra.  Jackson,    - 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0    Mr.  Edward  Robarts,  - 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0    Mr.  John  Wollaston, 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

0   Mr.  William  Taylor,    • 

1 

1 

0 

EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


159 


Mr.  James  Cahuel, 
Mr.  William  Brittain, 
Mr.  Charles  Barton, 
Mr.  Eldridge,      - 
Mr.  Thomas  Nichols, 
Mr.  John  Hattersley,  - 
Mr   John  Cooper,   - 
Mr.  Benjamin  Forsitt, 
Mr.  T.  Crawlcy, 
Mr   William  Straphan, 
Mr.  Henry  Rutt,     - 
Mr.  Alexander  Clunie, 
Mr.  John  Wells,     - 
Mr.  Hugh  Humston,    - 
Mr.  Harrington  Bowles,  - 
Mr.  Isaac  Jemmctt,     - 
Mr.  Robert  Plimpton, 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Ridout, 
Isaac  Hollis,  Esq., 
Miss  Sarah  Wiggins,    - 
Mr.  Thomas  Cox.    - 
Mr.  T   Scofielcl,  - 
Mr.  Henry  Keene, 
Mrs.  Jane  Knightly,    - 
Mr.  William  Grace, 
Mr.  Guy  Bryan, 
Leader  Cox,  Esq.,  - 
Mr.  Henry  Williams,  - 
Mr.  Thomas  Kitchen, 
Mr.  Robert  Hill, 
Mr.  Job  Heath, 
Mr.  S.  \Villiarns, 
Mr.  John  Davis, 
Mr.  Per.  Mann, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fawconer, 
Mr.  Combes, 
Mrs.  Stiles,     - 
Mrs.  Mary  Brine, 
Mr.  John  Williams, 
Mr.  John  Everard, 
Mr.  Thomas  Yeoman, 
Mr.  John  Banett, 
Mr.  Carlton, 
Mr.  John  Allen, 
Mr.  George  Warren, 
Mr.  John  Muggeridge, 


£   s. 

d. 

1   1 

0 

1   1 

0 

1   1 

0 

0  10 

6 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

o 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

61 

0  10 

6! 

0  10 

Gj 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

Miss  Guertz,  - 
Mr.  John  Young, 
Mr.  Evan  Davis,     - 
Mr.  Thomas  Holford,  - 
Mr  John  Shenston, 
Mr.  John  Williams, 
Mr.  Robert  Sargcant, 
Mr.  T.  Treadway, 
Mr.  James  Murrey, 
Mrs.  Mayor, 
Mr.  John  Burnside, 
Mr.  John  Edwards, 
Mrs.  Huslet, 
Mr.  Joseph  Sargeant,  - 
Mr.  Richard  Rust, 
Mr.  Abraham  King,    - 
Mr.  John  Letham, 


BRISTOL. 

Rev.  William  Foot, 
Rev.  John  Needham,  - 
Rev.  Hugh  Evans, 
Rev.  Caleb  Evans, 
Rev.  James  Newton, 
Rev.  Dr.  Stonehouse,  - 
Rev.  John  Thomas, 
Rev.  Jonathan  Watts. 
Messrs.  John  and  Fred.  Bull,  - 
Miss  Sarah  Brown, 
Mr.  John  Harris,     - 
Mr.  Thomas  Ludlow,  - 
Dr.  Joseph  Mason, 
William  Lunell,  Esq., 
Mr.  Abr.  Rich.  Hawksworth, 
Mr.  J.  Champion, 
Mr.  J.  Banister, 
Mrs.  Ann  Noble, 
Mr.  Abr.  Ludlow,  - 
Mr.  William  Ludlow,  - 
Mr.  John  Page, 
Mr.  John  Stock, 
Mrs.  Mary  Stokes,  - 
Mr.  William  Reeve,     - 
Mr.  John  Moore,     - 
Miss  Pages, 


£      s.      d. 

0  10     6 
0 


5    3 


0 


-    0 

5 

3 

0 

5 

0 

-     0 

5 

3 

0 

5 

3 

-     0 

5 

3 

0 

5 

3 

-     0 

5 

3 

0 

5 

3 

-     0 

2 

6 

0 

2 

6 

-     0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

-     0 

2 

6 

492 

9 

0 

-     2 

2 

0 

0 

10 

6 

-    1 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     0 

10 

6 

0 

5 

0 

-     5 

'  5 

0 

3 

3 

0 

-     2 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0 

-     2 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

11 

6 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

-     0 

10 

(5 

0 

10 

6 

160 


BKOWN     UNIVERSITY 


Mr.  John  Edye, 

Mr.  Robert  Cottlc, 

Miss  Sarah  Farley, 

Mr.  William  Hazle,      - 

Mr.  Joseph  Grimes, 

Mr.  Anthony  Henderson,     - 

Mr.  John  Page, 

Mr.  Robert  Coleman,  - 

Miss  Eliz.  and  Rebecca  Brown, 

Mrs.  Dorcas  Jolleff, 

Mr.  Joseph  Green, 

Mr.  Francis  Collins,     - 

Mr.  Joseph  Sevier, 

Mr.  Samuel  Waterford, 

Mr.  William  Frampton,   - 

Mr.  John  Brown, 

Mrs.  Mary  Poole,    - 

Mr.  B.  Chandle, 

Mr.  William  Cowles, 

Mrs.  Susanna  Rogers, 

Mr.  Nath.  Wraxall, 

Mr.  Edward  Daniel,     - 

Mr.  Nath.  Watkins, 

Mr.  Philip  Rose, 

Mr.  Joseph  Whittuck, 

Mr.  Samuel  Welton,    - 

Mr.  Samuel  Allen, 

Mr.  Benj.  King, 

Mr.  John  Winwood, 

Mr.  Benj.  Brock, 

Mr.  John  Morgan, 

Mrs.  Ele.  Howldy, 

Mr.  Edward  Ransford, 

Mr.  David  Cherry, 

Mr.  Joseph  Shapland, 

Mr.  Lewis  Watkins,     - 

Mr.  George  Harris, 

Mr.  Thomas  Allard,     - 

Mr.  William  Edwards,     - 

Mr.  William  Garnscy, 

Mr,  Thomas  Evans, 

Mr.  John  Sty  eh, 

Mr.  David  Jones,    - 

Mr.  Thomas  Adlam,     - 

Mr.  James  Norton, 

Mr.  Ch.  Whittuck,       - 


£   s. 

d. 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  10 

6 

0  9 

0 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

6 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

3 

0  5 

0 

0  5 

o 

0  2 

6 

0  2 

61 

Mr.  John  Parslow, 
Mr.  John  Brimble, 
Mrs.  Saiah  Burdock, 


EXETER. 

Rev.  Thomas  Lewis, 
By  his  Deacon,   - 
Rev.  Thomas  Twining, 
By  his  Deacon,   - 
Mr.  John  Holmes,  Jr.,     - 
Master  and  Miss  Weymouth, 
Mr.  Samuel  Weymouth,  - 
Mrs.  Mary  Buckland,  - 
Mrs.  Mary  Maunder, 
Mr.  Joshua  Williams, 
Mr.  A.  II.  Groth,  - 
Mrs.  Ann  Jones, 
Mr.  Samuel  Dunsford,     - 
Mr.  Joseph  Pope, 
Mr.  John  Carely,    - 
Mr.  Robert  Manning,  - 
Mr.  Caleb  Blight,  - 
Mr.  Richard  Strong,     - 
Mr.  James  Newman, 


TAUNTON. 

Rev.  Joshua  Toulmin,     - 
Rev.  Richard  Harrison, 
Rev.  William  Johnson,     - 
Rev.  John  Ward, 
Rev.  Mai.  Blake,    - 
Ebenezer  Jeffries,  Esq., 
Mr.  Joseph  Jeffries, 
James  Kirkpatrick,  Esq., 
Mr.  Thomas  Ncwcomen,  - 
Col  John  Roberts, 
Mrs.  Noble, 
Mr.  John  Westcott,     - 
Mr.  Benjamin  Jeffries,     - 
Mrs.  Totterdale, 
Mr.  Caleb  Bryant,  - 
Mr.  Thomas  Pope, 
Mr.  John  Cole, 
Mr.  Abraham  Sheppard, 


£      s.     d. 

-026 

026 

-010 

55     1     0 

-170 
363 

-110 
1  10  2 


o 


1  1 
1  l 
1  1 


2  12  6 
1  11  6 
1  1  0 
0  10  6 
0  10  6 
0  10  6 
0  10  6 
0  10  6 
0  5'  3 
053 


050 


5    0 
2    6 


026 
16  12    8 

1  1  0 
0  10  6 
0106 

0  10    6 

1  1    0 
220 
220 

0 


1     1  0 

1     1  0 

0  10  6 

0  10  6 

0  10  6 

0  10  G 

0  10  0 

0  10  6 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS 


161 


Mr.  Nehemiah  Bewfey,    - 

£ 

0 

5 

d. 

3 

SMARDIN. 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Mrs.  Ann  Smith, 

0 

5 

0 

Jenkin  Hague,  Esq., 

-     2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Caleb  Stower, 

c 

3 

0 

Mr.  Russel, 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Edward  Cornish,  - 

0 

2 

6 

Gift  of  the  Church, 

-     2 

5 

4 

Mrs.  Ann  Cross,     - 

0 

2 

6 

Mr.  William  Stone, 

0 

3 

0 

5 

8 

4 

Mr.  Samuel  Smith, 

0 

5 

0 

OXFORD. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Boon,    - 

0 

1 

0 

Mr.  William  Plater, 

-     1 

1 

0 

TVTr»      Sam  no!    T^r^v 

i 

^ 

17 

12 

9 

1'J.l.    OdlJluci   Jj  O.X.,                 -                * 

Archdale  Rooke,  Esq.,     - 

i 

-    0 

10 

6 

ABINGDON. 

Mr.  Thomas  Plater, 

0 

10 

6 

Rev.  David  Turner, 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  John  Clarke,  - 

-    0 

10 

6 

Joseph  Butler,  Esq., 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Richard  Williams, 

0 

10 

6 

Jos.  Tompkins,  Esq., 

10 

10 

0    Miss  Mary  Fox, 

-     0 

5 

3 

William  Tompkins,  Esq., 

10 

10 

0    Mr.  John  Voysey, 

0 

4 

0 

Benjamin  Tompkins,  Esq., 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Nat.  Roberts, 

5 

5 

0 

4 

13 

3 

Mr.  Joseph  Fuller, 

0 

10 

6 

ClREXCESTER. 

-»*•                   ~f                         1          -|~-« 

4.Q 

a 

Mr.  Joseph  freeman,  - 

1 

1 

0 

T?VP 

TcO 

O 

Mr.  William  Wilkins,      - 

-     0 

10 

6 

J.V  x  Jii. 

Mr.  David  Guy, 
Mr.  Peter  Jerman,  of  Breed, 
Dr.  Thos.  Frewen,  of  Northiam 

1 
1 

,  o 

1 
1 
10 

] 

0 
6 

Mr.  Thomas  Dawson,  - 
Mrs.  Jane  Overbury, 
Mr.  Henry  Wavel, 

0 
-     0 
0 

10 
10 
10 

6 
6 
6 

Mr.  Richard  Batchellor,  of  ditto.  0 

5 

6 

Mr.  George  Quested,   - 
By  Rev.  Mr.  Purdey's  Deacon, 

0 
2 

5 
5 

0 
6 

TEDBURY. 
Mr.  Nath.  Overbury, 

-    1 

1 

0 
0 

~5 

T~ 

6 

Mr.  John  Overbury,    - 

1 

1 

0 

HYTHE. 

Mr.  William  Overbury,   - 

-    0 

10 

6 

Rev.  Thomas  Piety, 

5 

5 

0 

Gift  of  the  Church,      - 

4 

4 

0 

/  1  •  f*i          f*     .1            /IT                1            (*       A       1    (*         ~\ 

2 

12 

6 

Gift  of  the  Church  of  Ashforo 

17 

FOLKSTONE. 

Rev.  Thomas  Whitehead, 

0 

10 

6 

Mr.  John  Brown  of  Canterbury,     1 
By  the  Rev.  Mr.  Benge's  Deacon,  1 

1 
6 

0 
6 

By  his  Deacon,  (gift  of  Church,) 

11 

11 

0 

A 

z 

o 

Mr.  Robert  Howard,    - 

0 

5 

3 

u 

*J 

v 

12 

6 

9 

Sum  total  collected  in  England, 

675 

14 

3 

Remitted  to  xhe  College  by  Mr. 

John  Strettell,  January  26,  1768,  - 

40 

0 

0 

By  ditto,  Feb.  15,  - 

- 



22 

0 

4 

By  Mr.  George  Keith,  January 

1, 

- 

. 

66 

14 

2 

By  Messrs.  Pewtress  and  Robarts,  March  25, 

52 

10 

0 

By  Mr.  George  Wilkinson,  April  1 

t 



52 

10 

0 

By  ditto,  April  26, 



52 

10 

0 

By  ditto,  May  26,       - 

- 

- 



100 

0 

0 

By  ditto,  August  12, 

- 



52 

10 

0 

21 

162  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

£     s.     d. 

By  Rev.  Caleb  Evans,  of  Bristol,  June  27,  -     52  10    0 

By  the  Rev.  Thomas  Piety,  of  Hythe,  May  12,  550 

By  Mr   George  Wilkinson,  August  12,  -     14    8    0 

In  Books,  some  not  yet  sent,    -  1450 

Sum  total  remitted,      -  -  525     2     6 

Necessary  expenses  hitherto,     -  89  16    9 

Cash  in  hand, -     GO  15    0 


675  14    3 

P.  S.  Mr.  Edwards  did  intend  to  give  receipts  for  all  the  sums  ho  should  receive, 
but  finding  that  would  be  too  tedious,  he  thought  it  best  to  print  and  publish  the  above 
list,  which  will  answer  the  same  end,  as  therein  every  benefactor  will  find  that  just 
credit  is  given  him.  It  is  possible  that  Mr.  Edw;irds  may  be  detained  in  England  by 
contrary  winds  some  time  after  the  printing  of  this  list,  and  in  that  time  receive  more 
donations;  if  so,  he  will  take  care  to  give  the  public  an  account  thereof,  along  with 
what  money  his  friends  may  raise  after  his  departure.  Circular  letters  are  sent  to 
most  parts  of  England  and  Wales,  in  hope  that  deficiencies  may  be  made  up,  and  Dr. 
Gill,  Dr.  Stennett,  Dr.  Jeffries,  and  Rev.  Daniel  Noble  arc  appointed  to  receive  and 
remit  what  may  be  gathered,  whether  money  or  books.  Finally,  Mr.  Edwards  takes  this 
opportunity,  in  the  name  of  the  College  to  thank  the  benefactors  to  our  infant  Seminary, 
and  most  earnestly  to  entreat  his  reverend  brethren,  who  shall  receive  his  letters,  to 
exert  themselves  in  favor  of  a  most  liberal  and  catholic  Institution. 

N.  B.     This  list  may  be  had  of  Mr.  George  Keith,  Grace-church  street. 
LONDON,  August  22,  1768. 

Mr.  Edwards  returned  to  America  during  the  latter  part  of 
1768,  and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  in  1769, 
presented  his  account  with  the  vouchers ;  an  abstract  of  which 
account  we  copy  from  the  records :  — 

RHODE  ISLAND  COLLEGK  TO  MORGAN  EDWARDS,  DR. 

To  sundries  and  accounts  rendered,  .£89 G  IGs.  6d. 

RHODE  ISLAND  COLLEGE,  -     CR. 

By  amount  of  donations  in  Ireland,  -     £213  17s.  5d. 

England,     -  665    4     3 

By  sundry  smaller  donations,  as  per  accounts 

exhibited,  inclusive  of  his  own  subscription,     986 

888  10     2 


Balance  due  to  Morgan  Edwards,  £8     6s.  4:d. 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS.  163 

Which  being  referred  to  the  committee  appointed  to  examine  the  College  accounts, 
they  made  the  following  report,  viz.  :  — 

WARREN.  September  6,  1769. 

The  subscribers  being  a  committee  to  examine  the  above  accounts,  have  compared 
it  with  the  vouchers,  and  find  the  above  sum  of  eight  pounds  six  shillings  and  four 
pence  sterling  due  to  Mr.  Edwards. 

Edward  Upham,          Nicholas  Brown, 
Joseph  Russell,          Jabez  Bowen  Jr.. 

Archibald  Campbell. 
Which  report  was  unanimously  accepted  by  the  Corporation, 

From  the  foregoing  it  appears  that  Mr.  Edwards  obtained  for 
the  College  the  sum  of  £888  10s.  2d.  sterling,  which,  he  remarks 
in  his  narrative,  was  succeeding  "  pretty  well,  considering  how 
angry  the  mother  country  then  was  with  the  colonies  for  opposing 
the  stamp  act." 

In  order  that  this  sum  might  constitute  a  permanent  fund  for 
the  support  of  the  President,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  ceitificate  presented  to  this  Corporation  by  the  Rev.  Morgan 
Edwards,  be  recorded,  which  is  as  follows,  viz.  :  — 

Whereas,  a  law  of  the  College,  (made  at  Newport,  September,  1,  1768,)  secures 
the  money  raised  in  Europe  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  intended  by  the  donors, 
this  certifies  that,  their  design  was,  That  the  interest  thereof  should  forever  go  to  pay 
the  salary  of  the  President. 

,Tr  ,      _    -.rrrTi  MORGAN  EDWARDS. 

WARREN,  September  7,  1769. 

The  original  subscription  book  of  Morgan  Edwards,  somewhat 
the  worse  for  wear,  is  now  among  the  College  archives.  This 
important  document,  we  may  add,  was  presented  to  the  Library 
in  the  year  1849,  by  Mr.  Joshua  Edwards,  through  the  Rev. 
Richard  Webster,  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  church  in  Mauch 
Chunk,  Pennsylvania.  This  Mr.  Edwards  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Morgan  Edwards.  He  was  then  living,  although  upwards  of 
eighty  years  of  age.  The  certificate,  form  of  a  receipt,  and 
introduction  are  printed; — the  rest  is  in  manuscript.  The  sub- 


164  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

scriptions  are  mostly  in  the  hand-writing  of  the  subscribers,  and 
the  document  is  therefore  one  of  exceeding  great  value  as  a  col 
lection  of  autographs. 

The  reader  will  not  fail  to  observe  how  prominent  the  name 
of  Morgan  Edwards  appears  in  the  early  history  of  the  College. 
He  first  proposed  the  founding  of  it  to  the  Philadelphia  Associa 
tion  ;  he  was  particularly  active  in  obtaining  a  charter  from  the 
General  Assembly,  and  in  procuring  the  first  funds  for  the 
endowment  of  the  Institution,  deeming  this,  to  use  his  own  lan 
guage,  "  the  greatest  service  he  has  done  or  hopes  to  do  for  the 
Baptist  interest;"*  he  attended  the  early  meetings  of  the  Corpo 
ration,  and  was  in  communication  with  the  Browns  in  regard  to 
the  matter  of  location ;  he  preached  the  first  "  Commencement 
Sermon,"  and  when  the  President  seemed  in  doubt  whether  to 
go  with  the  College  to  Providence,  or  retain  his  pastoral  relations 
with  the  church  at  Warren,  he  wrote  him  from  Philadelphia  a 
vigorous  letter  of  remonstrance,  to  which  we  have  referred  in 
our  history  of  the  Charter:  — 

I  cannot  help  being  angry  with  you  when  you  talk  of  another  President.  Have 
you  endured  so  much  hardship  in  vain  ?  We  have  no  man  that  will  do  as  well  as  you. 
Talk  no  more,  think  no  more  of  quitting  the  Presidency,  unless  you  have  a  mind  to 
join  issue  with  those  projectors  and  talkers  who  mean  no  more  than  to  hinder  anything 
from  being  done.  If  you  go  to  Providence,  the  Warren  puople  may  have  a  supply ; 
if  they  were  willing  to  part  with  you,  it  is  likely  the  College  would  have  no  reason  to 
covet  you. 

Before  taking  our  leave  of  Mr.  Edwards,  we  may  add  a  few 
particulars  respecting  his  early  life  and  professional  career.  He 
retained  his  connection  with  the  church  in  Philadelphia  ten  years, 
during  the  latter  part  of  which  time  his  relations,  it  is  understood, 
were  not  entirely  harmonious.  In  the  year  1770,  he  preached  a 
new  years  sermon  from  the  text,  "  This  year  thou  shalt  die."  He 

*  "  Materials  towards  a  History  of  the  Baptists  in  Pennsylvania,"  page  48. 


EARLY    SUSCRIPTIONS.  165 

had,  from  some  unaccountable  impulse,  been  led  to  believe  that 
he  should  die  on  a  particular  day,  and  this  sermon  was  supposed 
by  some  to  have  been  intended  as  his  own  funeral  sermon.  This 
circumstance  could  not  but  affect  his  reputation  injuriously.  In 
addition  to  this,  he  is  said  to  have  indulged,  occasionally,  in  the 
excessive  use  of  intoxicating  drinks.  Under  these  circumstances, 
he  voluntarily  resigned  his  charge,  preaching  occasionally  until 
the  settlement  of  his  successor,  Dr.  Rogers,  in  1772.  The  follow 
ing  extracts  from  letters  in  our  possession  addressed  to  the  Rev. 
Hezekiah  Smith,  by  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Francis  Pelot  and  Oliver 
Hart,  of  South  Carolina,  show  Mr.  Edwards's  position  at  this 
time  in  a  friendly  light.  The  first  is  dated  October  28,  1771. 
"I  then  wish"  (referring  to  the  Philadelphia  church)  "they  would 
agree  with  their  Mr.  Edwards  again.  Thus  I  argue  to  myself:  'If 
he  may  preach  occasionally,  why  not  steadily?'  fc'0h !  but  he  has 
not  behaved  as  well  as  he  should.'  I  reply,  '  There  cannot  be 
anything  immoral,  or  he  would  not  be  allowed  to  preach  occa 
sionally,  and  the  mantle  CHARITY  would  easily  cover  small  imper 
fections.  Besides,  the  present  dissatisfaction,  no  doubt,  would 
make  him  more  cautious  for  the  future,  and  might  be  a  means  of 
preserving  the  usefulness  of  a  talented  man — a  man  who  has 
scarce  his  fellow  in  a  warm  attachment  to  the  Baptist  interest." 
In  a  letter  dated  April  8,  1772,  Mr.  Pelot  adds :  "  We  were  fav 
ored  with  the  company  of  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards  at  my  'house 
for  about  a  wreek  in  last  January.  We  also  had  his  company  at 
our  Association.  We  all  esteem  him  as  a  sensible,  good  man, 
and  he  left  us  all  full  of  love  to  him."  Rev.  Oliver  Hart,  of 
Charleston,  in  a  letter  dated  February  27,  1772,  thus  writes  : 
"  Rev.  Mr.  Edwards,  from  Philadelphia,  has  been  here,  and  tarried 
with  us  about  three  weeks.  He  is  a  great  good  man,  but  some 
say  he  preaches  too  slow."  And  in  a  second  letter,  written  the 
next  month,  he  further  adds  :  "  In  my  last  I  informed  you  that 


166  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

we  had  the  pleasure  of  Mr.  Edwards's  company  at  our  Association. 
He  is  a  great  good  man ;  firmly  attached  to  the  Baptist  interest, 
to  promote  which  he  cheerfully  encounters  all  difficulties."  These 
testimonials,  coming  voluntarily  from  two  of  the  most  prominent 
Baptist  ministers  of  the  South,  show  that  Mr.  Edwards,  even  at  a 
time  when  his  sun  appeared  to  be  obscured,  was  a  man  highly 
esteemed,  and  that  he  was  worthy  of  the  honor,  which  is  accorded 
to  him,  of  having  been  the  prime  mover  in  originating  and  found 
ing  Brown  University. 

In  the  year  1772,  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Newark, 
Delaware,  and  was  occupied  in  preaching  in  a  number  of  vacant 
churches  till  the  commencement  of  the  Eevolutionary  war.  He 
then  remained  silent  until  the  war  was  over,  owing,  doubtless,  to 
the  fact  that  he  adhered  to  the  cause  of  Great  Britain,  and  was 
justly  ranked  with  the  Tories ;  although  it  is  understood  that  his 
Toryism  was  rather  a  matter  of  principle  than  of  action.  Presi 
dent  Manning,  in  his  diary,*  speaks  of  visiting  Col.  Miles,  in  the 
year  1779,  at  his  "elegant  seat,"  thirteen  miles  from  Philadel 
phia,  in  company  with  Edwards  and  Dr.  Jones,  thus  showing  that 
political  differences  did  not  interrupt  their  friendship.  After  the 
Revolution,  Mr.  Edwards  occasionally  read  lectures  on  Divinity 
in  Philadelphia,  and  other  parts  of  Pennsylvania ;  also  in  New 
Jersey,  Delaware  and  New  England ;  but,  owing  to  the  unhappy 
fall  already  alluded  to,  as  well  as  to  his  political  sentiments,  he 
declined  ever  after  to  resume  the  active  duties  of  the  ministry. 
From  passages  in  the  correspondence  of  Manning,  it  appears, 
furthermore,  that  he  sympathized  with  Elhanan  Winchester, 
whose  "apostasy,"  as  it  was  termed,  and  his  conduct  in  relation 
to  the  church  at  Philadelphia,  caused  him  to  be  excluded  from 
fellowship  with  the  Baptist  associations.  In  a  letter  to  the  Eev. 

*  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pp.  279-80. 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  167 

John  Rippon,  of  London,  dated  August  3,  1784,  Manning  thus 
writes :  — 

Mr.  Morgan  Edwards  has  not  printed  in  vindication  of  his  (Winchester's)  princi 
ples,  but  he  read  me  a  manuscript  more  than  a  year  since  on  that  subject,  which  he  did 
not  own,  though  charged  then  with  being  the  author.  He  did  not  deny  it ;  whereby 
he  was  entreated  not  to  add  the  printing  of  this  to  the  long  list  of  imprudent  things 
which  had  already  so  greatly  grieved  his  friends  and  so  injured  his  reputation.  This 
plainness  did  not  please  him,  but  I  thought  the  use  of  it  was  duty. 

Mr.  Edwards  died  at  a  place  then  called  Pencader,  Delaware, 
January  28,  1795,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age.  His 
funeral  sermon  wras  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  Rogers,  of 
Philadelphia,  on  II.  Cor.  vi.  8: — "By  honor  and  dishonor;  by 
evil  report  and  good  report ;  as  deceivers  and  yet  true."  The 
text  was  selected  by  himself,  and  designed,  as  some  suppose,  to 
have  a  bearing  upon  his  own  peculiar  history.  A  portion  of  this 
discourse,  which  was  published  in  Dr.  Rippon's  Annual  Register, 
a  work  printed  in  London,  may  fitly  close  this  chapter:  — 

Honor,  Mr.  Edwards  certainly  had,  both  in  Europe  and  America.  The  college 
and  academy  of  Philadelphia,  at  a  very  early  period,  honored  him  as  a  man  of  learn 
ing  and  a  popular  preacher,  with  a  diploma,  constituting  him  Master  of  Arts :  this 
was  followed  by  a  degree  ad  eundem,  in  the  year  1769,  from  the  College  of  Rhode 
Island,  being  the  first  commencement  in  that  Institution.  In  this  Seminary  he  held  a 
Fellowship,  and  filled  it  with  reputation,  till  he  voluntarily  resigned  it  in  1789  ;  age 
and  distance  having  rendered  him  incapable  of  attending  the  meetings  of  the  Corpora 
tion  any  longer. 

He  also  met  with  dishonor;  but  he  complained  not  much  of  this,  as  it  was  occasioned 
by  his  strong  attachment  to  the  Royal  Family  of  Great  Britain,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
American  war,  which  fixed  on  him  the  name  of  a  Tory:  this  I  should  have  omitted 
mentioning,  had  not  the  deceased  expressly  enjoined  it  upon  me.  For  any  person  to 
have  been  so  marked  out  in  those  days  was  enough  to  bring  on  political  opposition  and 
destruction  of  property  :  all  of  which  took  place  with  respect  to  Mr.  Edwards,  though 
he  never  harbored  the  thought  of  doing  the  least  injury  to  the  United  States  by  abet 
ting  the  cause  of  our  enemies. 

A  good  report  our  departed  brother  also  had  :  the  numerous  letters  brought  with 
him  across  the  Atlantic  from  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gill,  and  others,  reported  handsome 


168  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

things  of  him ;  and  so  did,  in  return,  the  letters  that  went  from  America  to  the  then 
parent  country.  Evil  reports  also  fell  to  his  share ;  but  most  of  these  were  false 
reports,  and  therefore  he  gave  credit  for  them  as  a  species  of  persecution  ;  and  even 
the  title  of  a  deceiver  did  not  escape  him.  Often  has  he  been  told  that  he  was  an 
Arminian,  though  he  professed  to  be  a  Calvinist ;  that  he  was  an  Universalist  in 
disguise,  etc.,  yet  he  was  true  to  his  principles.  These  may  be  seen  in  our  confession 
of  faith,  agreeing  with  that  republished  by  the  Baptist  churches  assembled  at  London 
in  the  year  1689.  He  seldom  meddled  with  the  five  polemical  points;  but  when  he 
did,  he  always  avoided  abusive  language.  The  charge  of  Universalism  brought  against 
him  was  not  altogether  groundless ;  for  though  he  was  not  an  Universalist  himself,  he 
professed  a  great  regard  for  many  who  were,  and  he  would  sometimes  take  their  part 
against  violent  opposers,  in  order  to  inculcate  moderation. 

Mr.  Edwards  was  born  in  Trevethin  parish,  Monmouthshire,  in  the  Principality  of 
Wales,  on  May  9,  1722,  old  style ;  and  had  his  grammar  learning  in  the  same  parish, 
at  a  village  called  Trosnant :  afterwards  he  was  placed  in  the  Baptist  seminary  at 
Bristol,  in  Old  England,  at  the  time  the  President's  chair  was  filled  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Foskett.  He  entered  on  the  ministry  in  the  sixteenth  year  of  his  age.  After  he  had 
finished  his  academical  studies,  he  went  to  Boston,  in  Lincolnshire,  where  he  continued 
seven  years,  preaching  the  gospel  to  a  small  congregation  in  that  town  From  Boston 
he  removed  to  Cork,  in  Ireland,  where  he  was  ordained  June  1,  1750,  and  resided 
nine  years.  From  Cork  he  returned  to  Great  Britain,  and  preached  about  twelve 
months  at  Rye,  in  Sussex.  While  at  Rye,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gill,  and  other  London 
ministers,  in  pursuance  of  letters  which  they  received  from  this  church,  (Philadelphia,) 
urged  him  to  pay  you  a  visit.  He  complied,  took  his  passage  for  America,  arrived 
here  May  23,  1761,  and  shortly  afterwards  became  your  pastor.  He  had  the  oversight 
of  this  church  for  many  years ;  voluntarily  resigned  his  office  when  he  found  the  cause, 
which  was  so  near  and  dear  to  his  heart,  sinking  under  his  hands ;  but  continued 
preaching  to  the  people  till  they  obtained  another  minister,  the  person  who  now 
addresses  you,  in  the  procuring  of  whom  he  was  not  inactive. 

After  this,  Mr.  Edwards  purchased  a  plantation  in  Newark,  Newcastle  county, 
state  of  Delaware,  and  moved  thither  with  his  family  in  the  year  1772  ;  he  continued 
preaching  the  word  of  life  and  salvation  in  a  number  of  vacant  churches  till  the  com 
mencement  of  the  American  war.  He  then  desisted  and  remained  silent  till  after  the 
termination  of  our  revolutionary  troubles,  and  a  consequent  reconciliation  with  this 
church :  he  then  occasionally  read  lectures  in  Divinity  in  this  city,  and  other  parts  of 
Pennsylvania ;  also  in  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  in  New  England ;  but  for  very 
particular  and  affecting  reasons,  could  never  be  prevailed  upon  to  resume  the  sacred 
character  of  a  minister. 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  169 

Our  worthy  friend  departed  this  life,  at  Pencader,  Newcastle  county,  Delaware 
state,  on  Wednesday  the  28th  of  January  last,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  a^e, 
and  was  buried,  agreeably  to  his  own  desire,  in  the  aisle  of  this  meeting-house,  with 
his  first  wife  and  their  children ;  her  maiden  name  was  Mary  Nun,  originally  of  Cork, 
in  Ireland,  by  whom  he  had  several  children,  all  of  whom  are  dead,  excepting  two 
sons,  William^  and  Joshua  :  the  first,  if  alive,  is  a  military  officer  in  the  British 
service ;  the  other  is  now  present  with  us,  paying  this  last  public  tribute  of  filial 
affection  to  the  memory  of  a  fond  and  pious  parent !  Mr.  Edwards's  second  wife  was 
a  Mrs.  Singleton,  of  the  state  of  Delaware,  who  is  also  dead,  by  whom  he  had  no  issue. 

Several  of  Mr.  Edwards's  pieces  have  appeared  in  print ;  namely:  (1.)  A  farewell 
discourse  delivered  at  the  Baptist  meeting  in  Rye,  on  February  8,  1761,  on  Acts  xx. 
25,  26.  This  passed  through  two  editions,  8vo.  (2.)  A  sermon  preached  in  the 
college  of  Philadelphia,  at  the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  A.  B.,  (now 
D.  D.,)  with  a  narrative  of  the  manner  in  which  the  ordination  was  conducted,  8vo. 
(3.)  The  Customs  of  Primitive  Churches,  or  a  set  of  Propositions  relative  to  the 
Name,  Materials,  Constitution,  Power,  Officers,  Ordinances,  etc.,  of  a  Church,  to 
which  are  added,  their  Proofs  from  Scripture,  and  historical  narratives  of  the  manner 
in  which  most  of  them  have  been  reduced  to  practice,  4to.  This  book  was  intended 
for  the  ministers  of  the  Philadelphia  Association,  in  hopes  they  would  have  improved 
on  the  plan,  so  that  their  joint  productions  might  have  introduced  a  full  and  unexcep 
tionable  treatise  of  church  discipline.  (4.)  A  New  Year's  Gift ;  a  sermon  preached 
in  this  house,  January  1,  1770,  from  these  words:  This  year  thou  shalt  die;  which 
passed  through  four  editions.  What  gave  rise  to  this  discourse  will  probably  be 
recollected  for  many  years  to  come.  (5.)  Materials  towards  a  History  of  the  Baptists 
in  Pennsylvania,  both  British  and  German,  distinguished  into  First  day  —  Keithian  — 
Seventh  day  —  Tuncker  and  Mennonist  Baptists,  12rno.  1770.  (6.)  Materials  towards 
a  history  of  the  Baptists  in  New  Jersey,  distinguished  into  First  day — Seventh  day — 
Tuncker  and  Rogerene  Baptists,  12mo.  1792.  The  motto  of  both  volumes  is,  Lo  !  a 
people  that  dwell  alone,  and  shall  not  be  reckoned  among  the  nations.  (7.)  A 
Treatise  on  the  Millennium.  (8.)  A  Treatise  on  the  New  Heaven  and  New  Earth  : 
this  was  reprinted  in  London.  (9.)  lies  Sacra,  a  translation  from  the  Latin:  the 
subject  of  this  piece  is  an  enumeration  of  all  the  acts  of  public  worship  which  the  New 
Testament  styles  offerings  and  sacrifices  •  among  which,  giving  money  for  religious 

*  William  graduated  in  the  class  of  1776,  under  President  Manning,  at  the  very  early 
age  of  fourteen.  An  account  of  the  Commencement  for  1770,  published  in  the  PKOVIDEXCE 
GAZETTE,  says  :  "  The  "business  of  the  day  being  concluded,  and  before  the  assembly  broke 
up,  a  piece  from  Homer  was  pronounced  by  Master  Billy  Edwards,  one  of  the  Grammar 
School  boys,  not  nine  years  old." 
22 


170  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

uses  is  one ;  and  therefore,  according  to  Mr.  Edwards's  opinion,  is  to  be  done  in  the 
places  of  public  worship,  and  with  equal  devotion. 

Besides  what  he  gave  to  his  intimate  friends  as  tokens  of  personal  regard,  he  has 
left  behind  him  forty-two  volumes  of  sermons,  twelve  sermons  to  a  volume,  all  written 
in  a  large  print  hand  :  also  about  a  dozen  volumes  in  quarto,  on  special  subjects  ;  in 
some  of  which  he  was  respondent ;  and  therefore  they  may  not  contain  his  own  real 
sentiments :  these,  with  many  other  things,  unite  to  show  that  he  was  no  idler. 

He  used  to  recommend  it  to  ministers  to  write  their  sermons  at  large,  but  not  to 
read  them  in  the  pulpit ;  if  they  did,  he  advised  the  preacher  to  write  a  large,  fair 
hand,  and  make  himself  so  much  master  of  his  subject,  that  a  glance  might  take  in  a 
whole  page.  Being  a  good  classic,  and  a  man  of  refinement,  he  was  vexed  with  such 
discourses  from  the  pulpit  as  deserved  no  attention,  and  much  more  to  hear  barbarisms ; 
because,  (as  he  used  to  say,)  "  They  were  arguments  either  of  vanity  or  indolence, 
or  both;  for  an  American,  with  an  English  grammar  in  his  hand,  a  learned  friend  at 
his  elbow,  and  close  application  for  six  months,  might  make  himself  master  of  his 
mother  tongue." 

The  Baptist  churches  are  much  indebted  to  Mr.  Edwards.  They  will  long  remem 
ber  the  time  and  talents  he  devoted  to  their  best  interests  both  in  Europe  and  America. 
Very  far  was  he  from  being  a  selfish  person ;  when  the  arrears  of  his  salary,  as  pastor 
of  this  church,  amounted  to  upwards  of  £372,  and  he  was  put  in  possession  of  a 
house  by  the  church  till  the  principal  and  interest  should  be  paid,  he  resigned  the 
house,  and  relinquished  a  great  part  of  the  debt,  lest  the  church  should  be  distressed. 

The  College  of  "Rhode  Island  is  also  greatly  beholden  to  him  for  his  vigorous 
exertions  at  home  and  abroad,  in  raising  money  for  that  Institution,  and  for  his  partic 
ular  activity  in  procuring  its  Charter ;  this  he  deemed  the  greatest  service  he  ever  did 
for  the  honor  of  the  Baptist  name.  As  one  of  its  first  sons,  I  cheerfully  make  this 
public  testimony  of  his  laudable  and  well-timed  zeal. 

In  the  first  volume  of  his  Materials,  he  proposed  a  plan  for  uniting  all  the  Baptists 
on  the  continent  in  one  body  politic,  by  having  the  Association  of  Philadelphia  (the 
centre)  incorporated  by  charter,  and  by  taking  one  delegate  out  of  each  Association 
into  the  corporation  ;  but  finding  this  impracticable  at  that  time,  he  visited  the  churches, 
from  New  Hampshire  to  Georgia,  gathering  materials  towards  the  history  of  the  whole. 
Permit  me  to  add,  that  this  plan  of  union,  as  yet,  has  not  succeeded. 

Mr.  Edwards  was  the  moving  cause  of  having  the  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia 
Association  printed,  which  he  could  not  bring  to  bear  for  some  years  ;  and  therefore,  at 
his  own  expense,  he  printed  tables,  exhibiting  the  original  and  annual  state  of  the 
associating  churches 

There  was  nothing  uncommon  in  Mr.  Edwards's  person  ;  but  he  possessed  an 
original  genius.  By  his  travels  in  England,  Ireland,  and  America,  commixing  with 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  171 

all  sorts  of  people,  and  by  close  application  to  reading,  lie  had  attained  a  remarkable 
ease  of  behavior  in  company,  and  was  furnished  with  something  pleasant  or  informing 
to  say  on  all  occasions.  His  Greek  Testament  was  his  favorite  companion,  of  which 
he  was  a  complete  master :  his  Hebrew  Bible  next ;  but  he  was  not  so  well  versed  in 
the  Hebrew  as  in  the  Greek  language ;  however,  he  knew  so  much  of  both  as  author 
ized  him  to  say,  (as  he  often  did,)  that  the  Greek  and  Hebrew  are  the  two  eyes  of  a 
minister ;  and  that  translations  are  but  commentaries,  because  they  vary  in  sense  as 
commentators  do.  He  preferred  the  ancient  British  version  above  any  other  version 
that  he  had  read ;  observing,  that  the  idioms  of  the  Welsh  fitted  those  of  the  Hebrew 
and  Greek  like  hand  and  glove.  Perhaps,  no  other  language  corresponds  so  well  with 
them,  except  the  Arminian ;  of  which  L'Enfant  and  Beausobre,  in  the  preface  to 
their  new  French  translation,  say  "  that  the  Arminian  Testament  is  a  literal  version, 
without  the  alteration  of  phrases,  or  supplements  to  help  out  the  sense." 

Our  aged  and  respectable  friend  is  gone  the  way  of  all  the  earth  ;  but  he  lived  to 
a  good  old  age,  and  with  the  utmost  composure  closed  his  eyes  on  all,. the  things  of 
time.  Though  he  is  gone,  this  is  not  gone  with  him  ;  it  remains  wiRf  us,  that  the 
Baptist  interest  was  ever  uppermost  with  him,  and  that  he  labored  more  to  promote  it 
than  to  promote  his  own ;  and  this  he  did,  because  he  believed  it  to  be  the  interest  of 
Christ  above  any  in  Christendom.  His  becoming  a  Baptist  was  the  effect  of  previous 
examination  and  conviction,  having  been  brought  up  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  for 
which  church  he  retained  a  particular  regard  during  his  whole  life. 


ACCOUNT 


FINAL     LOCATION 


1708-177O. 


LOCATION. 


after  the  founding  of  the  College,  an  important  ques 
tion  arose  in  regard  to  the  most  eligible  and  desirable  place 
for  its  permanent  Location.  This  question  divided  for  awhile  the 
exertions  of  its  friends,  and  created  enemies,  who,  defeated  in 
their  plans,  sought  to  establish  a  rival  seminary  of  learning. 
The  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  in  his  brief  historical  sketch,  written, 
probably, in  the  year  1771,  thus  narrates  the  progress  of  events:  — 

To  tbe  year  1769,  this  Seminary  was  for  the  most  part  friendless  and  moneyless, 
and  therefore  forlorn,  in  to  much  that  a  College  edifice  was  hardly  thought  of.  But 
Mr.  Edwards  making  frequent  remittances  from  England,  some  began  to  hope,  and 
many  to  fear,  that  the  Institution  would  come  to  something  and  stand.  Then  a  build 
ing  and  the  place  of  it  were  talked  of;  which  opened  a  nuw  scene  of  troubles  and 
contentions  that  had  well  nigh  ruined  all.  Warren  was  at  first  agreed  upon  as  a 
proper  situation,  where  a  small  wing  was  to  be  erected  in  the  spring  of  1770,  and 
about  £800  raised  toward  effecting  it.  But  soon  afterwards  some  who  were  unwilling 
it  should  be  there,  and  some  who  were  unwilling  it  should  be  anywhere,  did  so  far 
agree  as  to  luy  aside  the  said  Location,  and  propose  that  the  county  which  should  raise 
most  money  should  have  the  College.  Then  the  four  counties  went  to  work  with  sub 
scriptions.  That  of  Providence  bid  high  for  it ;  which  made  the  county  of  Newport, 
which  is  jealous  of  Providence  on  account  of  trade,  exert  itself  to  the  utmost.  How 
ever,  Providence  obtained  it ;  which  so  touched  the  jealousy  and  piqued  the  pride  of 
the  Islanders,  as  to  make  many  of  them  enemies  to  the  Institution  itself.  The  same 
is  too  much  the  case  with  the  other  disappointed  counties.  Nevertheless,  by  the 
adventurous  and  resolute  spirit  of  the  Browns,  and  some  other  men  of  Providence, 


176  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  edifice  was  begun  in  May,   1770,  and  roofed  by  the  fall  of  the  year.     The  next 
summer  the  inside  was  so  far  finished  as  to  be  fit  for  the  reception  of  scholars. 

The  first  mention  of  the  Location  of  the  College,  to  be  found 
in  the  records  of  the  Corporation,  is  as  follows:  — 

The  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Samuel 
Ward,  Esq.,  the  President,  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  and  the 
Eev.  Russell  Mason,  were  appointed  a  Committee  to  examine  what  place  is  most 
suitable  to  fix  the  College  edifice  upon,  and  to  make  report  to  the  next  annual  meeting. 

This  was  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  1768.  At 
the  next  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  which  was  held  in  Newport, 
it  was  ordered  :  — 

That  the  Secretary  notify  the  members  of  the  Corporation  of  their  next  annual 
meeting  at  Warren,  six  weeks  successively  previous  to  their  meeting,  by  an  advertise 
ment  in  the  Newport  and  Providence  newspapers,  and  at  which  time  it  is  proposed  to 
take  into  consideration  a  proper  place  for  the  erecting  a  College  edifice  upon. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  which  was,  for  the  first  time,  held  in 
Warren,  on  the  6th  of  September,  1769,  the  Committee  on  Loca 
tion  thus  report :  — 

We,  the  subscribers,  being  appointed  to  consider  the  most  suitable  place  to  erect 
the  College  edifice  on,  are  of  opinion  that  said  edifice  be  placed  in  some  part  of  the 
County  of  Bristol,  and  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  point  out  such  a  place  as 
shall  be  most  convenient,  and  that  may  be  had  on  the  best  terms. 

James  Manning,       llussell  Mason, 
Stephen  Hopkins,     Nicholas  Brown. 
Josias  Lyndon. 

Whereupon  it  was  voted  : — 

That  the  foregoing  report  be  accepted.  Resolved,  That  Sylvester  Childs,  Esq.,  Mr. 
John  Brown,  Capt.  John  Warren,  and  Mr.  Nathan  Miller,  be  a  committee  to  purchase 
materials,  agree  for  a  suitable  place  to  erect  the  edifice  on,  to  hi\*c  a  deed  of  the  same 
in  behalf  of  the  Corporation,  and  to  carry  said  building  into  execution  as  soon  as  they 
can,  and  that  any  three  of  them  be  a  quorum  ;  and  that  they  be  empowered  to  solicit 
and  receive  subscriptions.  Resolved,  That  Archibald  Campbell,  Esq,,  be  added  to 
the  committee  for  placing  the  College  edifice. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  177 

The  church  in  Warren,  anticipating,  perhaps,  the  action  of 
the  Corporation,  had  already  voted  :  — 

That  the  meeting  house  in  this  town  be,  and  is  for  the  use  of  the  Corporation  and 
President  at  Commencement  times,  and  oftener,  if  wanted  by  either,  only  so  as  not  to 
interfere  with  Divine  worship,  provided,  that  the  College  edifice  be  founded  and  built 
in  the  county  of  Bristol ;  and  that  the  parsonage  house  in  said  Warren  be  for  the  use 
of  the  President,  so  long  as  the  President  be  our  minister. 

Soon  after  this  meeting,  the  following  citation  appeared  in 
the  Providence  and  Newport  papers: — 

This  is  to  notify  the  members  of  the  Corporation  of  the  College  within  this  Colony, 
that  application  has  been  made,  by  the  gentlemen  of  the  county  of  Kent,  setting  forth, 
that  they  have  opened  a  subscription  for  founding  and  endowing  said  College,  on  con 
dition  that  the  edifice  be  erected  in  the  county  of  Kent ;  and  desiring  an  opportunity 
of  assigning  their  reasons  to  the  Corporation,  for  a  reconsideration  of  the  vote  at  their 
last  meeting,  for  erecting  the  edifice  in  the  County  of  Bristol.  This  is  therefore  to 
desire  all  the  members  of  the  said  Corporation,  to  meet  at  the  Court  House,  in  Newport, 
on  Tuesday,  the  14th  of  November  next,  at  10  o'clock,  A  M.,  to  hear  such  propositions 
as  shall  be  laid  before  them,  relative  to  placing  said  edifice,  and  transacting  any  other 
necessary  business  :  At  which  time  and  place,  the  gentlemen  concerned  in  procuring 
subscriptions  for  the  different  places,  are  desired,  by  themselves,  or  their  committees, 
to  appear,  present  their  several  subscriptions,  and  offer  their  reasons  in  favor  of  the 
respective  places.  By  ^^  TRQ^  ^^  Secre(ary 

October  18,  1769. 

The  dispute  about  the  final  Location  of  the  College  appears  to 
have  been  confined  thus  far  to  the  towns  of  Warren  and  East 
Greenwich.  The  first  motion  to  have  the  College  in  Providence, 
came,  so  far  as  we  can  learn,  from  Mr.  Moses  Brown.  In  a 
letter  to  his  brothers,  dated  Newport,  October  23,  1769,  he 
writes :  — 

I  had,  yesterday,  on  the  road,  a  full  conversation  with  Mr.  Sessions  on  affairs  of 
the  College.  His  objections  are  such  to  Warren,  that  he  says  he  cannot  encourage  it 
if  set  there,  but  if  it  could  be  erected  at  Providence,  he  would  give  one  hundred 
dollars,  and  engage  to  procure  one  or  two  scholars  from  the  country ;  and  should 
there  be  a  vacancy  in  the  Corporation,  he  would,  if  desired  again,  accept  a  place 
23 


178  BKOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

therein,  and,  as  a  member,  do  all  he  could  for  the  College.  And  when  we  consider 
the  number  of  advantages  which  Providence  has  over  Warren,  I  am  much  inclined 
to  think  that  it  is  yet  within  our  reach. 

Governor  Sessions,  agreeably  to  Mr.  Brown's  suggestion,  was 
made  a  Trustee  of  the  College,  in  1770.  His  views  in  general  in 
regard  to  a  suitable  place  for  the  location  of  a  seminary  of  learn 
ing,  which  we  find  preserved  on  file,  are  original,  to  say  the  least, 
as  well  as  entertaining  and  instructive.  They  were  prepared,  it 
appears,  with  a  view  to  the  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation 
about  to  be  held  in  Newport:  — 

Since  the  late  dispute  with  respect  to  the  situation  of  a  college,  between  the  towns 
of  Warren  and  Greenwich,  people  have  naturally  been  engaged  to  take  under  consider 
ation  the  several  arguments  that  have  been  advanced ;  that  is  to  say,  the  advantages 
and  disadvantages  that  may  necessarily  attend  the  institution  in  each  of  those  places, 
or  any  other  place  within  this  Colony  :  —  and  I  believe  the  more  this  matter  is  debated 
and  considered,  the  more  every  unprejudiced  person  will  be  convinced  that  it  ought 
not  to  be  erected  in  either  of  those  towns  In  the  erecting  of  a  college  the  natural  as 
well  as  artificial  advantages  of  its  situation  should  be  the  primary  object,  and  by  all 
means  ought  to  determine  the  limits  of  its  establishment.  Now,  if  it  can  be  made  to 
appear  that  any  town  in  the  Colony  is  happily  so  situated  by  nature  and  improved  by 
art,  as  to  render  a  seminary  for  learning  and  the  instruction  of  youth,  of  greater  public 
benefit  than  any  other  town,  then  I  believe  it  must  be  granted  by  every  candid  person, 
that  in  that  same  spot  it  ought  to  be  erected.  Most  people  arc  tinctured  with  a  bias 
in  favor  of  the  towns  where  they  live,  but  the  impartial  will  make  up  judgments  from 
matters  of  fact,  which  ought  in  every  controversy  to  be  of  the  greatest  weight.  At 
present  I  shall  waive  nominating  any  town  calculated  for  the  aforesaid  use,  but  shall 
content  myself  by  observing  what  accommodations  may  be  necessary  for  the  increase 
of  a  useful  and  learned  seminary. 

In  the  first  place  it  should  be  founded  in  a  clear  and  wholesome  air,  not  subject  to 
epidemical  disorders.  '2d.  It  should  be  in  a  town  where  the  principles  of  Christianity 
are  openly  professed  and  constantly  practiced;  where  good  01  tiers  are  kept;  where 
the  morals  of  the  inhabitants  are  not  corrupted  ;  where  virtue  of  every  kind  is  encour 
aged,  and  vice  in  every  shape  discountenanced ;  where  civil  and  religious  liberty  is 
encouraged  and  defended ;  where  the  first  day  of  the  week  is  duly  observed ;  where 
there  are  assemblies  of  the  different  denominations  of  Christians,  who  regularly  meet 
on  that  day,  among  whom  the  doctrines  of  Christianity  and  morality  are  intelligibly 


FINAL     LOCATION.  179 

and  faithfully  taught,  so  that  the  young  collegians  may  join  with  them  in  the  several 
modes  of  worship  in  which  they  have  been  educated,  and  which  may  be  consonant 
with  their  dictates  of  conscience. 

3d.  It  should  be  built  in  a  town  where  the  materials  for  building  are  good  and 
cheap ;  where  the  workmen  are  skillful  and  experienced,  and  their  demands  moderate  ; 
where  the  necessaries  of  life,  such  as  diet,  fuel  and  clothing  are  good  in  kind,  plentiful, 
and  the  price  reasonable  ;  wheie  the  trade  of  the  town  is  so  extensive  and  the  consump 
tion  so  considerable,  that  almost  any  American  or  country  produce  imported  by  land 
or  water  may  find  a  good  market,  so  that  the  parents  or  friends  of  the  students  may 
support  them  at  college  in  the  least  burthensome  manner.  The  town  should  be  large 
and  populous,  so  that  upon  commencements,  or  other  public  occasions,  the  large  number 
of  people  that  usually  attend  may  be  agreeably  entertained  and  provided  for.  The 
conversation  of  the  inhabitants  should  be  civil,  polite  and  courteous,  so  as  to  induce 
gentlemen  from  all  the  American  colonies  at  times  to  take  up  tlieir  residence  in  the 
town,  where  they  might  be  entertained,  and  gain  an  acquaintance  with  the  seat  of  the 
muses,  which  would  have  a  great  tendency  to  promote  its  prosperity.  The  interior 
business  of  the  town  should  consist  of  the  various  branches  of  trade  and  commerce, 
carried  on  by  persons  of  every  legal  employment  and  character,  so  that  the  students 
may  become  thoroughly  acquainted  with  men  as  well  as  books,  that  when  their  academi 
cal  studies  are  finished,  they  may  not  be  finished  blockheads. 

4th.  In  the  infant  state  of  a  college,  where  there  is  but  a  small  library,  and  probably 
no  mathematical  or  philosophical  apparatus,  and  no  Professors  in  the  learned  sciences, 
it  would  certainly  be  the  most  desirable  to  have  it  fixed  in  a  town  where  these  disadvan 
tages  might  in  some  measure  be  remedied.  But  can  they  be  at  Warren  or  Greenwich? 

O  O  * 

Have  they  a  town  library,  as  some  other  towns  have  ?  Are  there  a  number  of  gentlemen 
there  who  have  large  private  libraries  of  the  best  authors,  and  who  would  readily  lend 
them  for  the  public  go:;d,  as  there  are  in  some  of  our  towns ?  Is  there  any  philosophi 
cal  or  mathematical  apparatus,  or  are  there  any  persons  to  show  youth  the  use  of 
the  same,  or  to  teach  in  any  of  the  branches  of  these  useful  sciences?  Are  any  of  the 
youth  disposed  to  apply  to  the  study  of  physic;  —  where  are  they  likely  to  make  the 
greatest  pioticiency —  in  a  town  where  there  is  scarce  a  regular  physician,  and  probably 
no  anatomical  or  physical  authors,  or  where  they  abound  with  all  of  them  ?  Are  any 
of  the  students  prosecuting  the  study  of  the  law;  —  where  can  it  be  effected  with 
advantage,  but  in  some  towns  where  there  are  eminent  lawyers,  good  libraries  of  law- 
books,  and  where  the  practice  is  constantly  kept  up  in  the  various  courts  that  are  held 
in  the  shire  town  of  a  large  county? 

5th.  Another  necessary  accommodation  for  a  college  is  its  being  seated  in  a  town 
where  there  is  an  open,  convenient  and  extensive  communication  both  by  laud  and 
water.  Most  people  would  choose  to  put  children  to  college  where  they  could  send  to 


180  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

them,  visit  them,  hear  from  them,  and  have  them  brought  home  with  the  most  ease 
and  the  least  expense.  A  college  should  not  be  erected  where  the  communication  is 
liable  to  be  interrupted  by  a  hard  frost,  or  high  and  contrary  winds,  for  that  would  not 
only  prevent  the  mutual  intercourse  which  ought  to  be  kept  up,  but  might  greatly 
affect  the  institution,  by  cutting  off  all  supplies  of  fuel,  provisions  an'l  other  necessaries. 

We  of  the  present  day  can  hardly  realize  the  force  of  Gov. 
Sessions's  last  argument  against  Warren,  or  East  Greenwich. 
How  a  "hard  frost,"  or  "high  and  contrary  winds,"  could  inter 
rupt  communication  with  the  Institution,  and  thus  cut  off  "all 
supplies  of  fuel,  provisions  and  other  necessaries,"  can  be  seen 
only  by  the  aid  of  an  uncommonly  vivid  imagination. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  in  Newport,  November 
14,  1769,  agreeably  to  the  citation,  the  following  members  were 
present,  viz.  :  — 

TRUSTEES: — The  Chancellor,  (Stephen  Hopkins,)  Hon.  Samuel 
Ward,  Esq.,  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon,  Esq.,  Ephraim  Bowen,  Esq., 
Rev.  Gardner  Thurston,  Rev.  Samuel  Winsor,  Job  Ben  net,  Esq., 
Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Mr.  Joseph  Brown, 
Mr.  Edward  Thurston,  Jr.,  Mr.  Peleg  Barker,  Rev.  Joshua  Clarke, 
Rev.  John  Maxson,  Hon.  Joseph  Wanton,  Jr.,  Esq.,  Thomas  Green, 
Esq.,  Joseph  Russell,  Esq.,  Sylvester  Child,  Esq.,  John  Tillinghast, 
Esq.,  James  Honeyman,  Esq.,  Mr.  John  Warren,  Mr.  John  Tanner, 
Mr.  John  G.  Wanton. — 23.  FELLOWS:  —  President  Manning,  Rev. 
Edward  Upham,  Mr.  Jabez  Bowen,  Jr.,  Henry  Ward,  Esq.,  Dr. 
Thomas  Eyres. — 5. 

The  meeting  was  continued  three  days.  Wednesday  morning- 
it  was  resolved  :  — 

To  recede  from  the  vote  of  the  last  meeting,  to  erect  the  College  edifice  in  the 
County  of  Bristol. 

In  the  afternoon  it  was  voted :  — 
That  the  business  of  the  Corporation  be  not  postponed  to  a  distant  adjournment. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  181 

Thursday  morning  it  was  resolved  : — 

That  the  place  for  erecting  the  College  edifice  be  now  fixed.  But  that  nevertheless 
the  committee  who  shall  be  appointed  to  carry  on  the  building  do  not  proceed  to  procure 
any  other  materials  for  the  same,  excepting  such  as  may  be  easily  transported  to  any 
other  place,  should  another  hereafter  be  thought  better,  until  further  orders  from  this 
Corporation ;  if  such  orders  be  given  before  the  first  day  of  January  next.  And 
that  in  case  any  subscription  be  raised  in  the  County  of  Newport,  or  any  other  county, 
equal  or  superior  to  any  now  offered,  or  that  shall  then  be  offered,  and  the  Corporation 
be  called  in  consequence  thereof,  that  then  the  vote  for  fixing  the  edifice  shall  rot  be 
esteemed  binding ;  but  so  that  the  Corporation  may  fix  the  edifice  in  another  place  in 
case  they  shall  think  proper.  Voted,  That  the  College  edifice  be  at  Providence. 
Voted,  That  ihe  President,  Job  Bennet,  Esq.,  Mr.  John  Brown,  Mr.  John  Warren, 
and  Mr.  John  Jenckes  be  a  Committee  to  fix  a  suitable  place  for  building  the  edifice. 

The  following  is  the  memorial  from  Providence,  which  was 
presented  to  the  Corporation  on  the  second  day  of  the  meeting : — 

To  the  Chancellor,  President,  and  the  other  gentlemen  of  the  Corporation  for  found 
ing  and  endowing  a  College  within  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,  convened  at  Newport,  the  14th  of  November,  1769. 
The  Memorial  of  John  Cole,  Moses  Brown  and  Howard  Smith,  in  behalf  of  the 
principal  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Providence,  represents,    That  it  will  be  most  for 
the  advantage  of  the  College  of  which  you  have  the  government,  that  it  be  erected  in 
the  town  of  Providence,  for  the  reasons  we  shall  now  offer :  — 

First,  that  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  there  be  money  enough  collected  for  erecting 
the  College  editice  and  other  buildings.  Sensible  of  this,  the  inhabitants  we  repre 
sent  generously  subscribed  eight  hundred  pounds,  lawful  money,  upon  principles  of 
regard  and  esteem  for  so  useful  and  necessary  an  Institution;  but  finding  this  sum, 
with  the  other  subscriptions  of  the  different  towns  in  the  Colony  upon  like  disinterested 
principles,  insufficient  for  the  purpose,  anxious  that  the  Institution  should  be  carried 
fully  into  execution,  and  finding  the  conditional  subscription  in  other  parts  still  insuffi 
cient,  they  were  induced  to  begin  one  among  themselves,  which  is  so  far  completed  as  to 
amount  to  six  thousand  two  hundred  and  sixty  dollars,  which,  with  the  former  uncon 
ditional  subscription,  is,  as  we  apprehend,  fully  adequate  for  the  purpose,  with  this 
single  provision,  that  the  College  edifice  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Providence,  which 
will  be  a  still  further  advantage  to  the  Institution,  as  you  must  be  sensible,  from  the 
following  considerations  :  — 

The  principal  benefit  to  a  College  is  the  number  of  its  students,  which  may 
rationally  be  supposed  to  be  greater  at  Providence  than  at  either  of  the  other  places 


182  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

proposed.  To  show  this,  we  beg  leave  to  observe,  that  the  intention  of  the  Charter  was 
to  found  a  College  or  University  upon  the  most  catholic  and  free  principles,  agreeable  to 
that  invaluable  principle  upon  which  this  Colony  was  founded,  and  yet  it  was  necessary 
to  put  the  government  principally  into  the  hands  of  one  society,  at  whose  expense  it 
would  be  chiefly  supported.  This  being  the  case,  makes  it  a  matter  of  the  greatest 
necessity  that  the  edifice  be  erected  where  youth  of  all  denominations  of  Christians 
may  resort  and  attend  the  public  worship  of  the  Supreme  Being  in  the  way  their 
parents  or  their  o\vu  consciences  may  direct,  and  thereby  free,  catholic  and  open  prin 
ciples  be  carried  into  practice  in  this  noble  Institution  to  the  latest  posterity ;  which,  we 
apprehend,  cannot  be  if  the  edifice  be  erected  where  there  are  only  one  or  two  societies. 
Providence  has  this  advantage  so  essentially  necessary  to  the  freedom  of  the  Institution, 
there  being  places  of  public  worship  of  all  the  various  denominations  of  Christians  in 
America.  Hence  people  differing  in  persuasion  from  the  President  and  principal 
part  of  the  governors,  will  be  induced  greatly  to  prefer  Providence  to  either  of  the 
other  places  proposed.  Instances  of  this  have  already  happened,  as  has  been  verbally 
communicated. 

The  central  situation  of  Providence,  the  free,  cheap  and  easy  communication 
between  the  northern  colonies  and  the  several  towns  in  this  and  the  neighboring  gov 
ernments,  must  be  allowed  to  exceed  either  of  the  places  proposed.  To  this  may  be 
added  the  greater  plenty  and  cheapness  of  all  kinds  of  provisions,  fuel,  clothing  and 
cheapness  of  board. 

The  eaee  and  convenience  with  which  parents  may  visit  their  children  to  see  their 
proficiency,  as  well  as  in  case  of  sickness  or  accidents,  where  the  best  physicians  and 
remedies  are  at  hand,  must  afford  a  peculiar  satisfaction  to  all  tender  parents  who 
regard  the  comfort  and  health  of  their  children  as  well  as  their  education. 

We  have  four  public  school  houses,  one  of  which*  is  calculated  to  contain  four  mas 
ters,  including  one  for  the  languages,  and  one  for  the  mathematics  and  other  branches  of 
learning  preparatory  to  a  liberal  education  ;  —  as  also  a  public  library, f  which,  in  the 

*  Commonly  called  the  "Brick  School  House."  It  was  erected  in  the  year  1768,  on 
Meeting  street,  where  it  now  stands.  At  present  it  is  occupied  as  a  free  school  for  colored 
children.  In  1770,  the  upper  part  of  it,  which  was  owned  by  individuals,  (the  lower  part 
only  belonging  to  the  town,)  was  occupied  by  the  College,  upon  its  removal  to  Providence. 
Where  the  other  three  houses  were,  to  which  the  memorialists  refer,  we  are  unable  to 
determine.  They  were,  without  doubt,  small  buildings,  and  occupied,  if  at  all,  by  private 
scholars,  as  public  schools  were  not  introduced  in  Providence  until  nearly  half  a  century 
later. 

t  "  The  Providence  Library,"  says  the  late  venerable  John  Howland,  was  first  established 
in  the  year  17o3,  and  placed  in  the  Town  House.  On  the  night  of  December  24,  1758.  the 
House,  together  with  the  greater  portion  of  the  Library,  was  destroyed  by  fire.  In  1762, 
by  great  exertions  on  the  part  of  several  of  the  proprietors,  it  was  reestablished,  and  books 


FINAL     LOCATION.  183 

infant  state  of  the  Seminary,  must  be  very  useful  to  all  the  scholars ; —  and  particularly 
for  those  who  may  incline  to  the  study  of  the  law  or  physic,  (either  before  the  first  or 
between  that  and  their  second  degree,)  we  have  not  only  large  and  useful  libraries 
in  both  these  faculties,  but  gentlemen  of  eminence  who  would  be  very  useful  in  the 
prosecution  of  such  studies. 

The  further  usefulness  and  prosperity  of  the  College  depending  upon  the  preserva 
tion  of  the  freedom  of  the  Institution,  we  are  constrained  from  our  respect  to  this 
distinguishing  advantage  over  other  institutions  of  like  purpose,  to  mention  this  for 
their  consideration,  that  the  Charter  leaves  the  tutors,  Professors,  and  all  other  officers, 
(the  President  excepted,)  at  large  to  be  of  any  denomination  of  Christians,  no  doubt 
with  this  good  intent,  that  they  should  be  of  the  various  persuasions; — but  can  it  be 
expected  that  gentlemen  confirmed  in  their  religious  sentiments,  and  who  value  the 
attendance  upon  public  worship  in  their  own  way,  as  their  greatest  privilege  and  bless 
ing,  will  reside  at  the  College  where  they  cannot  have  this  privilege,  or  that  they  will 
attend  upon  this  duty  under  these  circumstances  on  the  same  terms  as  they  would  if 
the  College  was  placed  where  they  might  attend  upon  Divine  worship  agreeably  to 
their  own  minds  ?  We  have  two  printing  offices,  which  will  much  contribute  to  the 
emolument  of  the  College,  there  being  thus  published  a  weekly  collection  of  interesting 
intelligence,  which  not  only  tends  to  the  enlargement  of  the  minds  of  the  youth,  but 
which  will  give  them  early  opportunities  of  displaying  their  genius  upon  any  useful 
and  speculative  subjects,  and  which  must  excite  in  them  an  emulation  to  excel  in  their 
studies. 

All  the  materials  necessary  to  erect  the  buildings  we  have  as  plenty  and  as  cheap,  at 
least,  as  any  of  the  other  places ;  and  we  think  we  may  claim  more,  better  and  cheaper 
workmen,  and  can,  therefore,  erect  the  edifice  sooner,  and  with  more  convenience  than 
it  can  be  done  in  either  of  the  other  places  proposed. 

We  conclude  by  observing,  that  it  is  necessary  in  the  execution  of  all  matters  of  a 
public  nature,  that  the  undertakers  have  a  zeal  for  promoting  it.  This  qualification,  so 
requisite  for  the  perfecting  of  the  College  institution,  we  are  conscious  we  have,  as  has 
been  made  manifest  by  the  people  of  Providence  from  the  very  beginning  to  this  time, 
not  only  by  their  liberal  subscriptions,  amounting  to  more  than  all  the  money  that  has 
been  subscribed  within  the  Colony,  but,  every  other  mark  of  respect  for  the  Institution 
and  the  favorers  of  it. 

for  it  were  imported  from  London.  These,  in  1764,  were  placed  in  the  east  end  of  the  New 
Court  House.  In  1770,  the  Library  Company  offered  the  use  of  the  hooks  to  the  officers 
and  students  of  the  College,  "  until  a  Library  could  be  procured  for  that  respectable 
establishment." 


184  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

From  all  which  we  are  confident  it  must  be  the  opinion  of  the  Corporation,  that  it 
will  be  most  for  the  benefit  of  the  College  to  be  placed  in  the  town  of  Providence,  and 
have,  therefore,  full  assurance  that  you  will  order  it  to  be  erected  there  accordingly. 
We  are,  Gentlemen,  your  most  obedient  servants, 

JOHN  COLE, 

MOSES  BROWN, 
Newport,  November  15th,  1769.  HAYWARD  SMITH. 

The  argument  of  the  memorialists  based  upon  the  "  two 
printing  offices/'  has  at  least  the  merit  of  novelty.  Whether  the 
"early  opportunities  of  displaying  their  genius"  thus  afforded 
the  students,  would  be  recommended  by  the  modern  Professor  of 
Rhetoric,  or  satisfactory  to  the  learned  readers  of  the  Providence 
Journal,  we  will  not  attempt  to  say.  John  Milton's  "Speech  for 
the  Liberty  of  Unlicensed  Printing "  may  possibly  have  had 
something  to  do  with  the  suggestion  of  this  argument. 

From  the  foregoing  it  appears  that  the  inhabitants  of  Provi 
dence  had  subscribed  for  the  College  eight  hundred  pounds,  law 
ful  money,  equal  to  two  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars 
and  sixty-seven  cents  ;  and  in  addition,  six  thousand  two  hundred 
and  sixty  dollars,  on  condition  that  the  Institution  should  be 
located  in  their  town.  Their  main  reliance,  however,  it  is  evident 
was  not  their  subscriptions,  but  their  disinterested  zeal,  and  the 
entire  religious  freedom  which  prevailed  among  them,  so  entirely 
in  harmony  with  the  spirit  of  the  College  Charter,  and  in  accord 
ance  with  the  principles  upon  which  the  Colony  had  been  found 
ed.  Providence  contained  at  this  time  about  four  thousand 
inhabitants,  and  five  hundred  families.  The  religious  complex 
ion  of  these  families,  Dr.  Stiles  estimated  to  be  as  follows :  "One 
hundred  families  real  Baptists;  one  hundred  and  forty  political 
Bapists  and  Nothingarians;  one  hundred  and  forty  of  Mr.  Snow's 
congregation,  two-thirds  Baptists,  one-third  Presbyterians;  sixty 
Pedobaptist  Congregationalists;  forty  Episcopalians;  twenty  fami 
lies  Quakers,  a  few  Sandemanians,  and  about  twenty  or  forty 


FIN  AT,     LOCATION.  185 

persons  Deists."  Mr.  Cole,  it  may  be  added,  whose  name  appears 
at  the  head  of  the  committee  from  Providence,  was  at  this  time 
Postmaster  of  the  town,  and  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly. 
The  following  memorial  from  East  Greenwich,  appears  to  have 
been  presented  to  the  Corporation  on  the  last  day  of  the  meeting  :  — 

To  the  Honorable  Members  of  the   Corporation  of  the  College,  convened  at  Newport 

ye  16th  day  of  November,  1769. 

Your  memorialists  beg  leave  to  represent  that  they  conceive  that  the  County  of 
Kent  is  the  most  proper  place  for  erecting  said  College  edifice,  for  the  following 
reasons  :  — 

First :  It  is  situated  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  Colony,  This  will  more  effectually 
accommodate  each  respective  County  than  any  other  place  that  can  be  fixed  upon,  and 
therefore  if  the  Corporation  should  ever  petition  for  the  aid  and  assistance  of  govern 
ment,  it  is  move  probable  they  will  unite  in  forwarding  and  promoting  such  grants. 

Secondly  :  TriL-  local  subscriptions  of  Kent  united  with  the  several  general  sub 
scriptions,  are  sufficient  to  build  and  complete  said  College,  and  those  temporary 
subscriptions  will  be  found  altogether  insufficient  for  keeping  up  and  perpetuating  the 
Institutional  expenses.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  place  it  where  the  government  will 
be  most  likely  to  take  it  under  their  consideration  and  immediate  protection,  that 
being,  as  we  think,  very  justly  urged  by  certain  gentlemen  before  the  General  Assem 
bly  to  be  the  most  probable  means  of  enlarging  the  donations  from  abroad.  These 
advantages  considered  together,  which  will  result  to  the  Institution  by  its  being  fixed  at 
Kent,  we  trust  will  be  thought  by  the  Corporation  a  matter  of  more  consequence  than 
large  sums  raised  by  local  subscriptions. 

Thirdly :  As  Institutions  of  this  kind  have  been  found  by  experience  not  to 
prosper  in  popular  towns,  we  think  the  town  of  Providence  too  large  now  in  its  pres 
ent  condition ;  as  it  is  a  place  well  calculated  for  trade,  it  is  altogether  reasonable  from 
thence  to  conclude  that  the  growth  and  enlargement  of  it  in  a  very  few  years  will 
render  it  quite  unsuitable  for  seminaries  of  learning  to  be  placed  in.  The  town  of 
East  Greenwich,  on  the  contrary,  is  well  situated  as  to  pleasantness,  surrounded  with  a 
large  country  abounding  with  every  necessary  supply  to  render  the  scholars  comforta 
ble,  the  town  being  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  students  effectually,  and  situated 
upon  the  post  road,  so  that  an  easy  correspondence  might  be  had  with  any  part  of  the 
continent, —  there  being  likewise  a  post  office  in  the  town,  and  every  other  advantage 
as  to  communication  with  other  governments  that  Providence  can  urge. 

Furthermore,  as  it  hath  been  strongly  argued,  this  Institution  is  founded  upon  the 
most  catholic  plan,  therefore  they  say  they  have  singular  advantages  over  Kent  as  to 
24 


186  BEOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

the  accommodations  of  the  different  religious  denominations.  In  answer  to  this  we 
can  say,  in  behalf  of  Kent,  we  have  a  Friends  and  a  Baptist  meeting  house  nearly 
situated  to  the  place  where  the  College  is  proposed  to  be  set  ;  also  a  meeting  house  of 
the  Separates  within  three  miles  of  East  Greenwich,  upon  a  good  road,  free  from 
ferries  ;  and  it  is  highly  probable,  if  the  College  is  fixed  at  Kent,  there  will  be  a 
Church  and  Presbyterian  meeting  house  built  soon. 

WILLIAM  GREENE, 


CHARLES  HOLDIX,  JR., 

It  will  be  observed  that  while  Gov.  Sessions  urged  that  the 
Institution  should  be  located  in  a  large  town,  where  the  necessa 
ries  of  life  could  be  readily  obtained,  where  trade  was  extensive, 
and  where  the  students  could  have  facilities  for  studying  medi 
cine  and  law,  which  reasons  were  further  urged  by  the  memorial 
ists  from  Providence,  who  claimed  all  these  advantages  for  the 
College,  and,  in  addition,  four  school  houses,  a  public  library, 
and  the  two  printing  offices  to  which  we  have  already  referred, 
the  memorialists  from  East  Greenwich  contended  that  Provi 
dence  was  too  large  a  town  for  an  institution  of  learning.  Chief 
Justice  Greene,  whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  the  commit 
tee,  was,  in  1778,  elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  which  office 
he  held  eight  years.  He  was  elected  a  Trustee  of  the  College 
in  1785,  as  the  successor  of  Gov.  Hopkins,  deceased.  It  seems 
hardly  necessary  to  add  that  the  second  name  upon  the  list  is 
that  of  one  who  afterwards  became  the  distinguished  Major- 
General  in  the  army  of  the  Revolution,  and  who  was  now  about 
to  take  his  first  lessons  in  public  life  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  from  Coventry.  Mr.  Pierce,  or  Major  Pierce,  as  he  was 
called,  was  at  this  time  a  member  of  the  Assembly  from  East 
Greenwich,  while  Mr.  Holden,  a  few  years  later,  represented  the 
town  of  Warwick. 

The  increasing  interest  taken  in  the  Location  of  the  College 
by  the  various  contending  parties,  and  the  general  views  and 


FINAL     LOCATION.  187 

considerations  which  influenced  their  actions,  may  be  readily 
inferred  from  a  communication  which  appeared  in  the  Newport 
Mercury  of  November  20,  1769.  The  writer  presents  his  argu 
ments  with  great  force  and  clearness  :  — 

lam  informed,  that  the  Corporation  of  the  College,  at  their  meeting  here  this 
week,  came  to  a  resolution,  that  six  weeks  should  be  allowed  the  inhabitants  of  the 
County  of  Newport  to  raise  a  subscription,  and  put  in  their  r-laim  for  building  it  in 
this  County. 

The  great  benefits  of  a  liberal  education  are  so  well  known  and  allowed,  that  it  is 
not  necessary  to  enlarge  upon  this  head ;  and  I  shall  only  mention,  very  briefly,  some 
of  the  advantages  which  will  accrue  to  this  Institution,  and  to  this  town,  from  fixing 
the  College  here. 

From  the  smallness  of  the  College  funds,  it  is  certain  that  its  principal  and  surest 
support  must  arise  from  the  number  of  students ;  and  whoever  considers  the  number 
oi  inhabitants  in  Newport,  the  reputation  of  the  island  for  health  and  pleasantness, 
the  easy  communication  we  have  with  all  parts  of  this  government,  and  with  the  west 
ern  and  southern  colonies,  and  the  cheapness  with  which  pupils  may  be  boarded,  must 
confess  that  no  place  in  this  Colony  is  so  proper  to  fix  the  College  in,  nor  so  likely  to 
afford  a  sufficient  number  of  students,  as  this  town  of  Newport. 

Besides,  a  considerable  advantage  may  be  derived  to  the  Professors  and  students 
from  the  library*  in  this  town.  A  library  calculated  for  men  of  learning,  consisting 
of  a  great  number  of  well  chosen  books,  upon  all  arts  and  sciences,  as  well  as  a  very 
great  number  in  the  learned  languages ;  the  use  of  which  may  be  allowed  the  pupils, 
under  the  discreet  care  of  the  President  and  tutors.  This,  in  the  infant  state  of  the 
College,  must  be  allowed  to  have  great  weight. 

The  advantages  to  this  town  and  county  from  fixing  the  College  here  would  be 
many.  I  have  only  time  and  tooin  to  mention  two. 

*The  Redwood  Library  at  this  time  was  considered  one  of  the  largest  and  best  of  the 
public  libraries  in  America,  containing-  about  fifteen  hundred  volumes  of  standard  books. 
Of  these  the  classical  and  theological  books  were  the  most  valuable.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Stiles, 
who  officiated  as  Librarian  during  the  greater  portion  of  his  twenty  years  residence  in  New 
port,  is  said  to  have  derived  largely  from  this  collection  his  great  and  varied  stores  of  learn 
ing.  The  Library  owes  its  origin  to  a  literary  and  philosophical  society  established  in  1730, 
of  which  Bishop  Berkeley  was  a  prominent  and  active  member.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1747,  receiving  its  name  from  Abraham  Redwood,  Esq.,  its  most  liberal  benefactor.  The 
building,  a  beautiful  specimen  of  the  Doric  order,  was  completed  in  1750.  It  has  recently 
been  greatly  enlarged  and  improved.  The  Library  now  contains  upwards  of  twelve  thou 
sand  volumes,  besides  many  choice  pictures  and  works  of  art. 


188  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Supposing  this  College  to  flourish  equally  with  those  in  Cambridge  and  New 
Haven,  (which  is  highly  probable,)  it  is  evident,  that  the  interest  of  the  town  and 
county  would  be  greatly  promoted  by  boarding  and  supplying  so  many  persons  coming 
from  abroad,  and  spending  their  money  among  us ;  and  by  the  employment  they  would 
necessarily  give  to  the  tradesmen  and  artificers. 

But  this,  though  very  great,  is  by  no  means  equal  to  the  advantage  the  inhabitants 
of  this  town  would  receive  from  the  opportunity  of  bringing  up  their  children  in  the 
useful  arts,  with  very  little  expense.  For  instance,  the  people  in  this  town  might 
board  their  sons  at  home,  and  bring  them  up  at  College,  with  the  small  additional 
expense  of  twelve  dollars  a  year,  and  less  than  half  so  much  for  books  and  necessary 
instruments.  And  after  they  had  finished  their  education,  which  might  be  at  sixteen, 
seventeen,  or  eighteen  years  of  age,  according  to  their  forwardness,  they  would  then 
not  only  be  qualified  for  any  of  the  learned  professions,  but  if  the  inclination  of  their 
parents  or  their  own  genius  should  lead  them,  they  would  be  much  better  qualified  for 
the  compting-house,  the  shop,  the  sea,  or  for  any  trade ;  and  in  case  of  misfortunes, 
which  might  render  them  incapable  of  bodily  labor,  they  would  find,  in  their  learning, 
resources  to  support  themselves  reputably. 

Every  thinking  man  will  readily  suggest  to  himself  other  advantages,  which  can 
not  be  added  here.  And,  as  a  friend  to  learning,  to  the  Institution,  and  to  this  town, 
I  earnestly  recommend  the  consideration  of  this  matter  to  the  inhabitants ;  and  doubt 
not  but  a  regard  to  their  own  interest,  and  the  interest  of  their  posterity,  will  induce 
them  to  exert  their  ancient  spirit,  and  raise  such  a  subscription  as  will  be  sufficient  to 
establish  the  College  here. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  constant  reader  and  humble  servant,  A.  B. 

In  the  Diary  of  Dr.  Stiles,  under  the  date  of  January  3, 1770, 
about  six  weeks  after  the  publication  of  the  foregoing  communi 
cation,  is  an  important  entry  pertaining  to  this  subject  :— 

Dr.  Eyres  visited  me  this  morning  to  discourse  about  the  place  of  the  Baptist 
College.  He  tells  me  that  Providence  has  subscribed  £3,090,  lawful  money ;  of 
which  about  £2,200  is  truly  conditioned  that  the  College  edifice  be  erected  there ; 
but,  of  the  £800  they  had  before  subscribed  unconditionally,  they  had  the  subscrip 
tion  papers  for  £300  in  their  own  hands,  and  refused  to  deliver  them, —  holding  in 
this  manner  about  £500  conditioned  Dr.  Eyres  said  that  the  Newport  subscription 
was  about  $9000,  (£2700,)  but  said  they  did  not  choose  to  mention  the  amount 
exactly,  nor  how  much  conditionally.  The  case  is  this  :  Mr.  Eedwood  and  some 
others  have  said  they  would  give  largely,  in  case  it  was  here ;  but  that  Providence,  by 
artifice  and  stratagem,  would  eventually  get  it  there ;  and  yet,  would  not  subscribe, 


FINAL     LOCATION.  189 

but  will  undoubtedly  give  liberally.  So  there  is  a  real  uncertainty.  They  are  endeav 
oring  to  get  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  but  Providence  opposes  it.  Mr.  Manning, 
the  President,  is  for  Providence. 

The  main  contest  from  this  time  onward,  appears  to  have  been 
between  Providence  and  Newport.  The  following  is  the  preamble 
to  the  subscription  book  in  the  latter  place,  which  we  copy  from 
an  original  paper.  Among  the  largest  subscribers  was  Abraham 
Redwood,  Esq.,  founder  of  the  "Redwood  Library."  He  after 
wards  subscribed,  says  the  Providence  GAZETTE,  five  hundred 
pounds  sterling  towards  a  second  college  or  university,  which  it 
was  proposed  to  erect  in  Newport:  — 

Whereas  the  Governor  of  the  English  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations,  in  New  England  in  America,  by  an  act  passed  at  their  session  in  Febru 
ary,  1764,  incorporated  certain  persons,  therein  mentioned,  into  a  body  politic,  and 
granted  them  full  power,  and  ample  authority,  to  found  and  endow  a  College  or  Univer 
sity  in  said  Colony :  And  whereas  a  sufficient  number  of  the  persons  so  appointed 
have  qualified  themselves  agreeable  to  said  act ;  and  are  taking  the  most  probable 
measures  for  forming  so  useful  and  honorable  an  Institution,  which  will  necessarily  be 
attended  with  considerable  expense  :  We,  therefore,  the  subscribers,  sensible  that 
nothing  hath  a  greater  tendency  to  adorn  human  nature,  and  to  promote  the  true 
interest  and  happiness  of  mankind,  than  useful  literature,  and  that  the  fixing  the  Col 
lege  in  the  town  of  Newport  will  be  attended  with  the  greatest  advantages  to  the  said 
Institution,  do,  in  consideration  thereof,  each  one  for  himself,  promise  and  engage  to 
give,  and  accordingly  to  pay  unto  Job  Bennet,  Esq.,  treasurer  of  the  said  Corporation, 
or  his  successor  in  said  office,  or  order,  the  several  sums  affixed  to  our  names,  respect 
ively,  to  be  applied  primarily  to  the  building  a  suitable  College  edifice,  and  the  surplus 
in  such  a  manner  as  the  said  Corporation  shall  think  most  conducive  to  answer  the  ends 
of  their  Institution. 

Provided,  nevertheless,  and  this  subscription  is  made  upon  express  condition,  that 
the  College  edifice  be  erected  in  the  said  town  of  Newport ;  otherwise  the  same  shall 
be  void. 

The  preamble  to  the  Providence  subscription  book,  was  the 
same,  except  the  paragraph  at  the  close,  which  reads  thus:  — 

Part  of  the  following  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  eight  hundred  pounds  lawful 
money,  is  absolute  let  the  College  be  built  anywhere  in  the  Colony;  the  remaining 
sum  is  on  condition  that  the  College  edifice  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Providence. 


190  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

The  progress  of  this  important  contest,  which  waxed  warmer 
and  warmer  till  its  close,  may  best  be  learned  from  some  docu 
ments  on  file,  and  which  we  present  in  the  order  of  date.  The 
first  is  a  letter  to  Mr.  Moses  Brown,  from  one  of  the  Judges  in  the 
County  of  Kent,  declaring  his  preference  for  Providence  over  New 
port.  The  writer  signs  himself,  "A  man  who  raised  just  2604  pounds 
of  tobacco."  We  thus  learn  that  the  staple  product  of  Virginia 
was  cultivated  quite  extensively  in  Rhode  Island  at  this  period :  — 

WARWICK,  December  1st,  1769. 

SIR  : — We  are  informed  that  the  County  of  Newport  are  raising  money  by  sub 
scription,  in  order  to  over-bid  you  and  place  the  College  at  Newport,  If  that  should 
be  really  the  case,  I  believe  there  may  be  one  thousand  dollars  raised  in  the  town  of 
Warwick,  if  the  old  town  at  the  east  end  can  be  properly  animated,  which  I  think  is 
not  hard  for  Providence  to  do.  The  reasons  that  are  given  at  the  west  part  of  the  town 
are  too  many  to  enumerate.  But  this  is  one  that  governs  me  :  —  Newport  and  Kings 
Counties  admit  the  necessity  of  a  college,  and  appear  almost  agreed  that  our  County  is 
the  most  suitable  place  in  the  Colony,  (at  least  the  major  part  by  far  say  it  is  their 
opinion)  ;  —  Now,  if  it  is  necessary  to  build  a  college,  and  our  County  is  the  most 
proper  place,  if  the  County  of  Newport  and  Kings  County  would  subscribe  no  more 
than  their  real  proportion  would  be  to  build  such  an  edifice  in  the  Colony,  upon  con 
dition  it  was  placed  in  the  County  of  Kent,  the  spot  where  they  say  it  ought  to  be 
built ;  —  if  they  would  do  that,  it  is  in  their  power  to  give  it  to  us.  But  if  they  refuse 
to  do  that,  they  say  themselves  it  is  right  and  put  us  out  of  the  question.  I  am  sure 
Warwick  in  geneial  will  do  their  endeavors  to  promote  Providence  before  Newport, 
and  so  will  East  Greenwich,  save  them  that  always  were  bitter  against  \ou. 

Your  humble  servant,  etc. 

A  communication,  *signed  by  Gov.  Hopkins  and  the  Browns, 
is  addressed  to  the  Town  Councils  of  Glocester  and  Scituate, 
urging  their  cooperation  in  securing  for  Providence  the  Location 
of  the  College,  on  the  ground  that  it  would  be  the  means  of 
bringing  "  great  quantities  of  money  into  the  place,"  and  thus  of 
increasing  the  value  of  all  estates  in  the  country  for  which  the 
town  was  a  market.  How  much  the  vast  increase  of  wealth  and 
influence  in  Providence  and  the  towns  adjoining,  during  the 


FINAL     LOCATION.  191 

century  past,  may  be  owing  to  the  College,  we  leave  for  our 
readers  to  decide  :  — 

PROVIDENCE,  December  8th,  1769. 

GENTLEMEN  :  —  We  make  no  doubt  but  you  must  have  heard  before  now  that  a 
college  is  about  to  be  built  somewhere  in  this  Colony,  and  that  a  vote  hath  been 
obtained  that  it  shall  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Providence,  on  condition  that  there  be 
more  money  subscribed  toward  building  it  in  this  County  than  in  the  County  of  New 
port,  on  the  first  day  of  January  next ;  but  if  that  County's  subscription  be  then 
highest,  the  matter  is  to  be  reconsidered,  and  the  College  will  without  any  question  be 
removed  thither.  When  we  consider  that  the  building  the  College  here  will  be  a 
means  of  bringing  great  quantities  of  money  into  the  place,  and  thereby  of  greatly 
increasing  the  markets  for  all  kinds  of  the  country's  produce ;  and,  consequently,  of 
increasing  the  value  of  all  estates  to  which  this  town  is  a  market ;  and  also  that  it  will 
much  promote  the  weight  and  influence  of  this  northern  part  of  the  Colony  in  the 
scale  of  government  in  all  times  to  corne,  we  think  every  man  that  hath  an  estate  in 
this  County  who  duly  weighs  these  advantages,  with  many  others  that  will  naturally 
occur  to  his  mind,  must,  for  the  bettering  of  his  own  private  interest,  as  well  as  for  the 
public  good,  become  a  contributor  to  the  College  here,  rather  than  it  should  be 
removed  fiom  hence. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  town,  fully  sensible  of  these  advantages,  have  subscribed 
very  freely,  and  indeed  very  largely  on  condition  the  College  be  erected  here,  as  you 
will  see  by  the  enclosed  lists ;  and  we  have  taken  the  freedom  to  address  ourselves  to 
you,  hoping  you  will  exert  yourselves  in  this  interesting  affair  as  well  by  your  own 
benefactions  as  by  procuring  subscriptions  among  your  neighbors,  and  be  good  enough 
to  let  some  one  of  us  know  before  the  first  of  January  what  is  done. 

We  are  the  more  zealous  in  this  matter  as  we  have  certain  intelligence  that  the 
people  in  Newport,  who  are  become  sensible  of  the  importance  of  this  matter,  are 
very  diligently  using  every  method  in  their  power  to  carry  the  prize  from  us,  and  as 
the  few  remaining  days  of  this  month  is  the  whole  time  in  which  we  can  work  to  any 
purpose,  we  hope  none  will  slumber  or  sleep.  We  think  ourselves  in  this  matter 
wholly  engaged  for  the  public  good ;  and  therefore  hope  to  be  borne  with  when  we  beg 
of  you  and  all  our  neighbors,  to  seriously  consult  their  own  interest  and  pursue  it  with 
unremltted  zeal. 

We  are,  very  respectfully,  your  assured  friends, 

STEPHEN  HOPKINS, 
NICHOLAS  BROWN  &  Co. 

N.  B.  Any  materials  useful  about  the  building  will  be  received  on  account  of 
the  subscription. 


192  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

From  a  letter  "addressed  by  Messrs.  Nicholas,  John  and  Moses 
Brown,  to  their  brother  Joseph,  then  in  Newport,  it  appears  that 
the  Providence  subscriptions  at  the  close  of  the  year  1769,  had 
reached  the  sum  of  £3,424,  or  $11,413.33.  At  the  last  meeting 
of  the  Corporation,  they  had  voted,  with  a  proviso,  to  fix  the  Col 
lege  at  Providence ;  and  a  part  of  the  manoeuvering  on  the  part 
of  the  worthy  President  and  his  zealous  coadjutors,  the  Browns, 
Hopkins,  Jenckes,  etc.,  seems  to  have  been  to  prevent  another 
meeting.  An  allusion  in  the  letter  to  Morgan  Edwards,  shows 
that  he  was  kept  duly  informed  of  the  progress  of  events:  — 

PROVIDENCE,  December  30th,  1769. 

BROTHER  JOSEPH:  —  This  evening  we  compared  our  subscriptions,  and  found  the 
whole,  including  unconditional  subscriptions  and  Whipple's  land,  three  thousand  four 
hundred  and  twenty-four  pounds  lawful  money,  reckoning  the  land  as  we  wrote,  viz., 
four  dollars;  but  Mr.  Jenckes,  upon  recollection  of  the  goodness  of  the  land,  says  it 
could  not  be  bought  for  that,  it  being  a  very  good  tract ;  from  what  we  otherwise  hear, 
it  may  be  worth  six  dollars,  but  five  at  least,  which  will  make  forty-three  dollars  and 
fourteen  cents  more.  This  sum  of  three  thousand  four  hundred  and  twenty-four 
pounds,  is  one-hundred  and  sixty  more  than  when  you  went  away.  We  hope  you  will 
be  able  to  stop  the  meeting  being  called,  as  it  will  put  us  to  much  trouble  in  getting 
further  subscriptions,  which  to  raise  very  considerable  will  be  difficult.  However,  you 
may,  if  you  can  stop  the  meeting  there,  add  fifty  pounds  lawful  money,  which  our 
M.  B.  will  see  paid,  but  make  no  use  of  this  unless  you  find  it  absolutely  necessary, 
as  be  proposes  to  make  use  of  it  on  the  spot  where  to  set  the  edifice,  if  it  comes  here, 
as  it  certainly  will  be  necessary  then.  If  the  calling  of  the  meeting,  etc..  be  given 
up,  perhaps  it  may  not  be  best  for  the  committee  to  come  up  till  the  beginning  of  next 
week,  or  until  we  get  the  plan  secured,  but  this  is  a  matter  submitted  to  you.  Please 
inquire  whether  there  is  any  vessel  in  from  Philadelphia,  to  know  about  the  cedar,  and 
whether  a  vessel  be  going  to  York  through  which  I  may  convey  my  packet  to  Mr. 
Edwards,  with  the  intelligence  about  the  College,  If  you  have  any  time,  inquiie  how 
the  H  matter  stands,  etc  ,  etc.  Yours, 

NICHOLAS  BROWN  &  Co. 

Our  compliments,  etc  ,  to  Col.  Wanton. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  zeal  and  energy  of  the  Providence 
people,  we  copy  from  the  GAZETTE  :  — 


FINAL     LOCATION.  193 

WHEREAS,  it  is  now  determined  that  the  College  about  to  be  built  in  this  Colony 
shall  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Providence;  —  and  as  many  gentlemen  have  been  so 
generous  to  this  very  useful  Institution  as  to  become  benefactors  to  it,  and  have  sub 
scribed  considerable  sums  for  carrying  it  on  ;  —  therefore  we,  in  behalf  of  the  Committee 
for  providing  materials  and  overseeing  the  work,  hereby  give  public  notice  to  all  who 
are  already  subscribers,  and  to  those  whose  beneficent  minds  may  incline  them  to 
become  such,  to  give  us,  as  soon  as  they  possibly  can,  as  the  season  is  far  advanced,  an 
account  of  such  materials  fit  for  the  building  as  they  would  choose  to  furnish  in  lieu  of 
their  subscriptions ;  all  which  will  be  very  gratefully  received  by  their  very  humble 
servants, 

STEPHEN    HOPKINS, 

Providence,  January  12,  1770.  JOIIN  BROWN' 

The  friends  of  the  College,  in  Newport,  now  redoubled  their 
exertions,  and  soon  raised  by  subscription  a  sum  larger  than  had 
been  raised  in  Providence.  Notwithstanding  the  exertions  of  the 
Browns  to  "stop  the  meeting,"  a  citation  for  the  Corporation  to 
assemble  at  Warren,  was  published  in  the  papers  of  the  day : — 

WHEREAS,  the  County  of  Newport  hath  raised  a  larger  sum  than  any  that  hath  yet 
been  offered  to  the  Corporation  of  the  College  in  this  Colony,  to  be  paid  to  the  Treas 
urer  upon  condition  that  the  College  edifice  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Newport :  This 
is  therefore  to  notify  members  of  the  said  Corporation  to  meet  together  at  Warren,  on 
Wednesday,  the  7th  day  of  February  next,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  to  take  into 
consideration  any  proposals  that  may  be  made  for  placing  the  College  edifice,  and  to 
transact  any  other  necessary  business.  At  which  time  and  place,  the  persons  concerned 
in  procuring  subscriptions  are  desired  to  attend,  by  themselves  or  their  committees, 

JOSHUA  BABCOCK,  ) 
THOMAS  EYRES,       ^  Fellows. 
HENRY  WARD,        ) 

On  the  Monday  previous  to  the  final  meeting  of  the  Corpora 
tion,  on  this  exciting  question  of  Location,  the  following  printed 
handbill  was  circulated  all  over  the  town :  — 

PROVIDENCE,  Monday,  February  5,  1770. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  town  and  County  are  desired  to  meet  at  the  Court  House, 
this  afternoon,  at  two  o'clock,  to  hear  and  consider  of  some  effectual  plan  for  estab 
lishing  the  College  here. 

As  this  is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  consequence,  and  the  Corporation  is  to  meet  on 

Wednesday  next,  a  general  attendance  is  earnestly  requested. 
25 


194  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

In  accordance  with  this  call,  a  large  number  of  the  inhabi 
tants  assembled  at  the  place  designated,  and  the  Hon.  Stephen 
Hopkins,  Esq.,  was  chosen  Moderator.  John  Cole  and  Moses 
Brown  were  continued  a  committee  to  lay  the  subscriptions 
before  the  Corporation,  and  the  following  gentlemen  were  added 
thereto,  viz. :  Hon.  Darius  Sessions,  John  Andrews,  Joseph  Nash, 
David  Harris,  Daniel  Tillinghast,  John  Jenckes,  Amos  Atwell, 
Joseph  Bucklin,  Jeremiah  Whipple,  Esq.,  and  Knight  Dexter. 

The  following  spirited  letter  from  President  Manning,  address 
ed  to  "Mr.  Nicholas  Brown,  in  Providence,"  shows  that  he  was  a 
skillful  tactician,  and  that  he  used  his  great  influence  in  favor  of 
Providence.  It  gives  an  animated  view  of  the  nature  of  the 
contest,  and  of  the  earnest  determination  of  the  parties  at  issue:  — 

SIR  :  —  The  time  is  now  at  the  doors  when  it  will  be  determined  whether  Providence 
or  Newport  shall  have  the  College ;  and  as  I  think  that  the  former  is  the  fittest  place 
for  it,  I  would  give  you  a  gentle  hint,  that  you  may  be  prepared  in  the  best  manner  to 
stand  your  ground  I  expect  Newport  will  exceed  you  in  the  largeness  of  their  sub 
scriptions,  for  they  gave  bonds  last  week  for  three  thousand  two  hundred  pounds,  and 
had  not  rendered  the  subscriptions  from  Block  Island,  South  County,  nor  from  the 
eastern  shore,  in  all  which  places  there  was  money  subscribed  for  Newport.  Neither 
can  I  tell  whether  the  Warren  subscriptions  were  contained  in  that  bond.  Besides, 
they  were  still  subscribing  in  Newport.  .Redwood  has  at  last  subscribed  his  five  hun 
dred  pounds  sterling,  etc.  Now,  as  I  am  a  friend  to  the  College,  and  think  your  place 
the  best  for  its  settlement,  I  would  advise  you  to  get  every  farthing  you  can  subscribed. 
But  if,  when  you  come  to  compare  notes,  you  should  foil  behind  them,  they  will  make 
a  great  noise  if  you  take  in  your  uncondititional  subscriptions  and  plead  your  agree 
ments  fur  materials,  etc.,  etc. 

Now,  as  I  think  you  have  the  good  of  the  College  at  heart  more  than  they,  it  will 
stand  you  in  hand  to  demonstrate  this  in  the  clearest  light ;  and  this  you  can  do  by 
proffering  to  build  the  College  yourselves,  without  even  taking  their  unconditional 
subscriptions  in  Newport.  Say  nothing  about  the  President's  house;  but  consult  how 
large  a  house  you  can  build,  and  finish  two  stories  with  your  own  money,  in  as  short  a 
time  as  you  possibly  can  accomplish  it,  and  engage  to  finish  the  rest  as  fast  as  wanted  ; 
for  here  you  know  you  may  have  your  own  time,  since  boarding  can  always  be  had  in 
town,  and  many  will  always  choose  to  board  there.  So  that  the  President  can  help  you 
here  to  sufficient  time  to  pick  up  money  from  other  parts,  or  even  enable  you  to  finish  the 


FINAL     LOCATION.  195 

other  rooms  with  the  rent  of  those  that  are  finished.  Two  advantages  will  result  from 
such  a  proposal.  First,  you  will  throw  your  unconditional  subscription  out  of  their 
light*  and  give  it  its  full  weight  in  favor  of  Providence.  Secondly,  you  can  here  make 
all  the  advantage  to  yourselves,  from  lying  handy  to  the  materials  ;  the  whole  weight 
of  this  will  be  thrown  directly  into  your  scale,  and  you  can  promise  just  as  much  more 
than  they  can,  as  the  edifice  can  be  erected  cheaper  with  you  than  them,  and  as  you 
will  prosecute  it  with  more  spirit  and  do  the  bargaining  and  work  with  less  expense. 
Here,  too,  you  will  have  the  advantage  of  them,  as  you  have  made  out  bills  of  every 
thing,  and  bespoke  the  materials  and  workmen,  and  can  push  it  immediately  into  exe 
cution.  You  might  reason  a  month  on  these  advantages  and  not  make  some  dull  souls 
see  the  force  of  it,  so  well  as  you  can  demonstrate  it  in  this  way  in  ten  minutes.  And 
I  think  you  will  be  equally  as  safe  in  this  way  as  in  giving  bonds,  and  it  must  weigh 
much  with  the  gentlemen  who  have  the  welfare  of  the  College  at  heart.  Besides,  you 
will  take  them  here  at  unawares.  Give  up  the  other  subscriptions  in  the  Colony  to 
the  Corporation,  and  let  them  dispose  of  them  as  they  think  best,  and  it  will  be  a 
wonder  if  they  don't  find  out  by  next  May  session,  that  there  will  be  necessity  of  a 
house  for  the  President,  and  very  probably  will  lay  it  out  that  way.  If  you  fall  in 
with  this  proposal,  it  will  be  proper  for  four,  five  or  six  of  you  to  oblige  yourselves  to 
the  performance  under  a  proper  penalty  What  I  have  heretofore  said  is  to  secure  you 
against  the  first  onset ;  but  if  you  should  be  driven  from  your  post,  the  next  thing  is 
to  secure  your  retreat.  If,  therefore,  your  vote  should  be  receded  from,  your  hopes 
must  lie  in  dividing  the  members  between  the  four  places ;  for  it  would  be  imprudent 
to  fight  Newport  singly.  It  is  possible  you  may  have  address  enough  to  get  Provi 
dence  and  Greenwich  highest  here,  for  the  Newport  members  who  favor  you  at  heart, 
may  vote  for  Warren  and  Kent  without  having  their  hopes  torn  down ;  and  if  the 
contest  should  finally  fall  between  you  and  Kent,  you  may  guess  how  it  would  termi 
nate  by  the  last  meeting ;  and  in  this  way  I  think  all  your  members  in  Newport  who 
favor  Providence,  may  vote  for  it  without  incurring  any  damage;  —  I  mean  at  your 
final  issue.  I  think  you  could  beat  Kent  with  greater  ease  than  Warren  or  Newport; 
but  of  this  you  are  the  best  judge,  being  an  experienced  soldier. 

There  will  many  attend  the  meeting  from  Newport,  for  their  spirits  are  very  high 
in  the  cause.  Proposals,  too,  will  doubtless  be  made  for  an  accommodation  half  way. 
But  how  great  a  sum  will  be  offered  for  this  is  uncertain  as  yet.  But  should  I  persist 
in  spilling  ink  and  spoiling  paper  longer  you  may  be  weary  of  reading  my  jargon,  and 
be  solicitous  to  know  my  name,  which  at  present  I  choose  not  to  reveal.  But  am,  to 
all  intents, 

Your  Friend,  if  not  Humble  Servant. 

N.    B.     You  will  excuse  the  omission  of  date,  as  it  is  quite  unnecessary. 


196  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  great  and  final  meeting  of  the  Corporation  on  the  question 
of  Location,  was  held  in  the  Baptist  Meeting  House,  in  Warren,  on 
the  7th  of  February/ 1770.  Thirty-five  members  were  present, 
as  follows : — 

FELLOWS:  —  The  President,  Rev.  Edward  Upham,  Rev.  Samuel 
Stillman,  Thomas  Eyres,  Joshua  Babcock,  Henry  Ward,  and  Jabez 
Bowen,  Jr. — 7.  TRUSTEES: — The  Chancellor,  (Hon.  Stephen  Hop 
kins,)  Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon,  Hon.  Joseph  Wan 
ton,  Jr.,  Rev.  Russell  Mason,  Rev.  Gardner  Thurston.  Rev.  Samuel 
Winsor,  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  Rev.  John  Maxson,  Nicholas  Brown, 
Joseph  Brown,  William  Brown,  Joseph  Russell,  George  Hazard, 
Peleg  Barker,  John  Warren,  Nathan  Spear,  Nicholas  Cooke,  Syl 
vester  Child,  John  Tanner,  Thomas  Greene,  Ephraim  Bowen, 
Edward  Thurston,  Jr.,  John  G.  Wanton,  Daniel  Jenckes,  Job  Ben- 
net,  James  Helme,  and  Darius  Sessions. — 28. 

Says  Manning,  in  a  letter  to  his  friend,  Hezekiah  Smith : — 

The  dispute  lasted  from  Wednesday  last,  ten  o'clock  A.  M.,  until  the  same  hour  on 
Thursday,  p.  M.  The  matter  was  debated  with  great  spirit,  and  before  a  crowded 
audience.  The  vote  was  put,  Recede  or  Not.  It  went  Not,  by  twenty-one  against 
fourteen.  You  asked  me  in  your  last  whether  it  had  not  raised  a  party  in  the  govern 
ment.  I  answer,  no ;  but  it  has  warmed  up  the  old  one  something  considerable.  I 
was  greatly  censured  by  people  in  Newport,  for  not  joining  to  call  a  meeting  about  the 
1st  of  January,  and  a  great  noise  was  made  because  I  would  not  act  contrary  to  an 
express  vote  of  the  Corporation,  at  the  meeting  on  the  10th  of  November.  But  at 
our  last  meeting,  the  house  gave  me  liberty  to  attempt  a  vindication  of  my  conduct, 
and  after  hearing  me  through  the  matter,  they  came  to  a  vote,  nemine  contradicente, 
that  they  saw  no  reason  why  I  should  be  blamed  in  this  matter,  and  that  they  approved 
of  my  conduct.  In  the  course  of  the  debates  there  was  sometimes  undue  warmth,  but, 
upon  the  whole,  it  subsided,  and  all  parties  seemed  much  more  unanimous  than  I 
expected,  in  after  business.  Many  of  the  gentlemen  of  Newport  said  they  had  had  a 
fair  hearing,  and  had  lost  it ;  but  their  friendship  to  the  College  remained,  and  they 
would  keep  their  places,  pay  their  money,  and  forward  to  their  utmost  the  design. 
Messrs.  Stillman  and  Spear  were  up  from  Boston,  and  Backus  from 
Middleborough.  It  is  said  that  the  eight  ministers  at  the  Corporation  meeting,  were 
all  for  Providence.  This  I  shall  not  assert,  however.  But  I  believe  the  Baptist 
Society  in  general,  are  not  dissatisfied  at  the  determination. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  197 

Returning  now  to  the  meeting — The  following  is  the  Memo 
rial  presented  from  East  Greenwich: — 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  Rhode  Island  College, 
present  at  Warren,  this  7th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  1770  :  — 
We,  the  subscribers,  being  appointed  a  committee,  by  a  large  number  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Kent,  who  were  latterly  concerned  in  a  local  subscription 
relative  to  erecting  the  College  edifice,  to  wait  upon  this  Honorable  Board,  and  make 
such  representations  as  comport  with  the  real  sentiments  of  our  said  constituents,  do 
beg  liberty  humbly  to  revive  our  claim  to  the  College,  by  continuing  said  subscription. 
For  that,  whereas,  it  yet  remaineth  a  matter  of  uncertainty  in  what  County  the  College 
edifice  will  be  erected,  and  as  the  present  contest  subsisteth  between  the  respectable 
Counties  of  Newport  and  Providence,  and  each  of  those  Counties  being  actuated  by  a 
laudable  design  of  promoting  the  future  interest  and  prosperity  of  the  Institution,  we 
humbly  conceive  they  will  both,  upon  mature  deliberation,  resign  their  claims,  and 
concede  that  it  shall  be  placed  in  some  other  part  of  the  Colony.  The  reasons  which 
induced  us  to  form  this  conclusion  are  many,  some  of  which,  with  the  greatest  defer 
ence,  we  shall  take  the  freedom  to  offer.  We  are  fully  convinced  that  no  seat  of 
literature  in  America,  has  ever  arrived  to  any  considerable  degree  of  eminence  and 
utility,  but  what  hath  received  large  donations  from  Great  Britain.  The  institution 
of  science,  therefore,  which  fails  of  that  source,  must  remain  in  infancy  and  obscurity. 
But,  if  the  very  creators  of  such  an  Institution,  cease  to  patronize  and  protect  it,  surely 
strangers  will  have  no  powerful  motive  left  to  encourage  or  assist  it ;  consequently  it 
must  be  placed  in  such  a  part  of  that  Colony  which  gave  it  being,  as  best  to  commode 
the  whole ;  otherwise,  the  greater  part  being  disappointed,  will  abandon  it  to  its  own 
impotence.  But,  were  a  College  to  be  erected  in  Newport  or  Providence,  it  must  fail 
of  countenance  from  the  Colony,  both  being  situated  so  far  from  its  centre. 

It  is  likewise  well  known  that  Newport  and  Providence  have  ever  been  the  capital 
sources  of  party  in  this  Colony;  and  consequently  the  Institution  must  annually  be 
subject  to  the  attacks  of  one  party  or  the  other  if  placed  in  either,  and  so,  liable  to 
continual  vicissitude,  if  not  demolition  itself;  to  avoid  which,  the  wisdom  and  prudence 
of  Newport  and  Providence  will  both  be  exerted.  Should  these  contending  parties 
mutually  resign  it  to  another  place,  it  will  be  sufficiently  removed  from  any  domestic 
obstructions  of  this  sort;  and  both  being  sincere  friends  to  the  Institution,  they  have 
it  in  their  power,  as  both  would  be  happily  agreed  in  the  same  thing,  by  their  concurrent 
influence  to  cause  it  to  enjoy  the  favorable  smiles  of  this  Colony,  and  therefore  of 
Great  Britain,  if  by  any  means  Great  Britain  would  be  excited  to  shelter  and  defend 
it.  By  this  method,  it  will  undoubtedly  arrive  to  such  a  degree  of  superior  grandeur 


198  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

as  to  command  veneration  and  esteem  from  all  its  neighbors;  —  a  consideration  of  the 
last  importance.  It  is  also  a  general  maxim  and  a  very  true  one,  that  such  is  the 
fluctuating  disposition  of  youth,  that  a  considerable  degree  of  retirement  is  very  requi 
site  in  order  to  acquire  any  great  proficiency  in  literary  pursuits.  The  subjects  of 
science  are  so  numerous,  the  prospects  so  extensive  and  the  researches  so  deep,  that  a 
young  mind  entangled  by  the  more  captivating  allurements  of  life,  will  never  soar  to 
those  sublime  heights,  as  to  answer  the  noble  ends  of  a  college  education.  But  is  there 
sufficient  retirement  in  Newport  or  Providence  V  With  the  greatest  modesty  it  may  be 
asserted,  that  every  populous  town  affords  all  those  opportunities  for  avocation  and 
amusement,  that  a  luxuriant  imagination  can  aspire  after.  Moreover,  as  the  enlarge 
ment  of  useful  knowledge  and  promotion  of  religion  are  the  principal  ends  for  which 
all  seats  of  learning  ought  to  be  established ;  so  that  place  in  a  Colony  which  is  best 
situated  for  these  purposes,  is  most  eligible  to  be  fixed  upon;  but  that  convenient  place 
which  is  nearest  the  centre  of  the  Colony  is  best  adapted  therefor,  from  whence  its 
salutary  influences  may  equally  be  extended  to  every  part. 

Money,  after  all,  must  be  had,  and  we  doubt  not  (should  we  be  indulged  with  an 
opportunity  of  dispersing  our  subscriptions  through  the  whole  Colony)  but  we  could 
procure  a  sum  almost  equal  (if  not  superior)  to  any  that  has  been  already  presented ; 
for  the  encouragements  we  have  received  from  every  County  in  this  Colony,  (Bristol 
only  excepted,)  are  very  promising.  Our  own  subscribers  are  reanimated  with  a  desire 
to  promote  the  good  of  the  Institution,  even  to  such  a  degree  that  many  of  them  would 
largely  add  to  their  subscriptions.  Many  there  are  likewise  in  the  same  County  that 
have  not  yet  subscribed,  who  express  their  warmest  desires  to  become  subscribers, 
should  Kent  ever  have  another  opportunity  to  exert  its  generosity. 

Upon  the  whole,  Sirs,  the  encouragement  and  assurance  we  had  afforded  us  by 
some  of  the  principal  gentlemen  in  Providence,  joined  by  many  in  Newport,  were 
originally  the  moving  cause  that  excited  us  to  propagate  a  local  subscription.  Had  we 
been  in  the  least  apprised  that  either  Newport  or  Providence  would  ever  lay  a  claim, 
we  should  have  immediately  desisted  from  such  an  undertaking.  And  for  the  same 
reason  we  make  not  the  least  pretension,  while  the  contest  remains  between  them ;  but 
should  they  now  relinquish  their  claims,  we  cordially  hope  and  fully  expect  that  the 
same  benevolence  that  first  befriended  us  will  again  be  exerted,  and  by  that  means 
that  you,  gentlemen,  will  grant  us  indulgence ;  in  the  mean  time,  reserving  to  our 
selves  the  advantage  of  all  further  necessary  suggestions. 

JAMES  M.  VARNUM, 
NATIIANAEL  GREENE,  JR., 
CHARLES  HOLDEN,  JR., 
ADAM  MAXWELL 


FINAL     LOCATION.  199 

In  the  specious  reasoning  and  well  expressed  language  of  the 
foregoing  memorial,  we  recognize  the  skillful  pen  of  him  whose 
name  appears  at  the  head  of  the  signatures,  and  who  had  but 
recently  graduated  at  the  Institution.  He  afterwards  established 
himself  in  East  Greenwich,  as  a  lawyer,  where  he  rapidly  rose  to 
distinction  in  his  profession,  his  extraordinary  talents  procuring 
for  him  an  extensive  practice. 

The  Providence  memorial  is  without  signatures.  It  appears  to 
be  mainly  a  complaint  against  Newport:  — 

To  the  Chancellor,  President,  and  other  gentlemen  of  the  Corporation,  for  founding  and 

endowing  a  College  within  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations, 

convened  at  Warren,  the  7th  of  February,  1770. 

The  Memorial  of  the  subscribers  in  behalf  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Provi 
dence,  etc.,  represent:  — 

That,  notwithstanding  the  great  majority  of  voices  at  the  last  meeting  for  erecting 
the  College  edifice  in  Providence,  we  were  unexpectedly  surprised  with  an  advertise 
ment  in  the  Newport  Mercury  of  the  loth  ult.,  which  came  to  hand  not  till  the  23d, 
for  calling  your  present ;  and  particularly  at  the  assertion  therein  that  the  County  of 
Newport  hath  raised  a  larger  sum  than  any  that  hath  yet  been  offered  to  the  Corpora 
tion  of  the  College.  The  facts,  (though  certified  by  three  of  the  respectable  branch  of 
the  Fellows, )  we  apprehend,  and  think  we  can  clearly  show,  were  not  at  that  time  so, — as 
before  that  date,  the  subscription  for  Providence  amounted  to  three  thousand  and  ninety 
pounds,  for  which  a  bond  was  duly  sealed  and  executed,  payable  to  the  Corporation 
upon  express  condition  that  the  edifice  be  erected  in  the  town  of  Providence.  Besides, 
there  was  a  deed  of  land  amounting  to  one  hundred  and  seventy-one  pounds  more, 
made  to  the  Corporation  on  the  like  conditions,  and  delivered  into  the  Treasurer's 
hands  Whereas,  the  subscription  for  Newport  at  that  time  was  not  even  pretended  to 
contain  a  sum  exceeding  two  thousand  six  hundred  pounds,  including  Mr.  Redwood's 

generous  donation  of  five  hundred  pounds  sterling,  and  Mr.  Easton's  of  the 

acres  of  land,  valued  at pounds,  both  which,  as  we  are  well  advised,  were  not 

executed  until  long  since. 

We  consider  this  pretence  of  having  a  greater  sum,  not  only  as  doing  injustice  to 
us,  but  really  injuring  the  valuable  Institution  itself;  and  whether  it  be  not  imposing 
on  this  respectable  Corporation  to  call  them  together  at  this  difficult  season,  and  upon 
so  slight  a  pretence,  we  leave  to  your  determination.  We  apprehend  had  Doct.  Bab- 
cock  known  every  circumstance  attending  the  matter,  he  would  have  refused  signing  an 


200  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

advertisement,  as  some  others  of  the  Fellows  did ;  and  more  especially  as  a  major  part 
of  the  members  of  both  branches  have  actually  been  consulted  upon  the  same  matter. 
Upon  this,  you  are  now  met  and  advised  that  it  was  not  necessary,  or  that  there  was 
not  that  especial  emergency  required  by  the  charter  to  induce  the  calling  of  a  meeting;  — 
and  this  must  evidently  appear  upon  reflection  on  the  vote  previous,  in  regard  to 
placing  the  College  at  Providence  —  wherein  the  1st  of  January  last  was  the  longest 
time  allowed  for  the  Corporation  to  counter  order  the  vote  for  placing  and  carrying  on 
the  building  of  the  edifice.  In  consequence,  thereof,  it  became  necessary,  before  the 
Corporation  could  legally  be  by  charter  convened  at  the  said  1st  of  January,  that  the 
notification  be  given  twenty  days  before. 

This,  every  member  present  must  be  sensible,  could  be  the  only  true  construction 
of  the  vote;  —  but  compliance  with  this  request  could  not  be,  as  there  was  a  still 
further  reasonable  injunction  laid  on  those  who  should  require  a  meeting,  viz.  :  —  That 
they  should  first  raise  a  subscription  equal  or  superior  to  any  before,  or  that  should 
then  be  offered  to  the  Corporation ;  which  was  so  far  from  being  the  case,  that,  at  that 
junction,  there  was  scarcely  any  sum  subscribed,  as  we  have  been  well  informed  :  or, 
at  least,  not  a  sufficiency  to  make  even  a  pretence  for  application. 

This  being  the  case,  it  appears  evident  that  some  gentlemen  of  Newport,  even  from 
their  first  perceiving  the  College  was  like  to  be  erected  at  Providence,  were  induced 
by  their  unreasonable  aversion  to  every  emolument  of  Providence,  to  do  that  which 
the  good  of  the  Institution  itself  could  not  have  induced  them  to  do. 

The  Chancellor,  Gov.  Hopkins,  thus  states  the  case  of  the  two 
rival  claimants,  presenting  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner  the 
controversy  from  the  beginning  :  — 

The  zeal  and  spirit  of  the  people  here,  more  than  at  Newport,  for  promoting  the 
College  is  certainly  most  evident:  —  First,  by  the  unconditional  subscription,  which, 
in  Providence,  was  nearly  double  to  that  in  Newport ;  whereas,  if  their  zeal  for  the 
Institution  had  been  equal  to  ours,  the  number  of  the  people  and  their  abilities  com 
pared,  their  subscriptions  ought  to  have  been  much  more  than  double  to  ours.  And, 
as  this  was  coolly  transacted  in  both  towns,  before  any  kind  of  strife  was  begun  or 
emulation  was  raised  about  the  place  where  the  College  should  be  erected,  it  is  the 
strongest  proof  imaginable  that  the  ardor  of  the  Providence  people,  while  no  by-ends 
biased,  was  infinitely  greater  than  that  of  the  gentlemen  of  Newport. 

Again,  if  we  consider  the  conditional  subscriptions  of  both  towns,  we  shall  evi 
dently  find  the  same  superiority  in  the  Providence  people's  zeal  for  the  College,  for 
this  subscription  was  set  on  foot  and  principally  filled  in  Providence,  from  the  very 
laudable  motive  of  promoting  the  Institution  and  putting  it  in  a  condition  that  the 


FINAL    .LOCATION.  201 

College  edifice  might  be  erected  somewhere,  and  not  with  the  least  view  of  circumventing 
any  other  place,  as  some  have  too  uncharitably  represented. 

We  first  with  grief  observed  the  very  little  progress  of  the  unconditional  subscrip 
tions,  after  the  Commencement,  and  that  there  was  very  little  hope,  within  any  reason 
able  time,  that  a  sum  in  any  degree  equal  to  erect  a  building,  which  might  be  tolerably 
decent  and  useful,  would  be  obtained.  This  being  also  observed  by  the  late  ingenious 
Mr.  Campbell,  induced  him  to  promote  a  conditional  subscription  in  King's  County 
and  Kent,  which,  as  soon  as  we  had  knowledge  of,  we  also  encouraged,  in  hopes  that 
it  might  have  answered  the  purpose  arrived  at.  But  when  that  had  been  fully  tried, 
we  found  that  the  sum  likely  to  be  raised  by  it  would  be  altogether  inadequate  to  the 
design  in  hand. 

Things  being  in  this  situation,  and  after  divers  consultations  had  about  it,  we  at 
length  determined  to  open  a  conditional  subscription  in  Providence,  which  filled  beyond 
our  warmest  expectations,  and  seemed  to  promise  that  a  College  edifice  might  be  soon 
erected.  This  subscription  we  offered  to  the  Corporation  at  their  meeting  in  November 
last,  and  they  then  approved  of  it. 

But  some  gentlemen  of  Newport  perceiving  a  probability  that  the  College  might  be 
erected  at  Providence,  were  moved  by  their  unreasonable  enmity  to  that  town,  to  do 
that  which  the  good  of  the  Institution  itself  could  never  have  induced  them  to  do.  They 
accordingly  desired  that  time  might  be  allowed  to  the  people  of  the  town  and  county 
of  Newport,  to  see  if  they  could  not  raise  a  larger  sum  for  the  College  than  any  that 
was  then  offered ;  and  accordingly  the  time  they  asked  was  allowed,  so  long  as  not  to 
delay  carrying  on  the  building  longer  than  the  1st  of  January  past.  Yet,  although 
they  have  taken  near  double  the  time  allowed  them,  and  the  generous  and  public- 
spirited  Mr.  Abraham  Redwood  hath  given  more  than  a  fifth  part  of  the  whole  sum, 
yet  their  whole  subscription  doth  not  exceed  ours,  from  which  it  is  quite  plain  that 
their  zeal  for  the  College,  even  when  whetted  by  their  aversion  to  Providence,  has 
fallen  greatly  short  of  ours  in  the  conditional  subscriptions  also. 

From  all  which  reasons,  with  some  others  too  invidious  to  mention,  but  which  will 
naturally  occur  to  all  who  are  acquainted  with  the  proceedings  in  this  matter,  it  must 
be  very  evident  the  College  edifice  will  be  much  sooner  built  and  the  Institution  much 
more  encouraged  and  supported,  if  it  be  left  in  the  care  of  the  people  at  Providence, 
who  have  from  the  beginning  shown  so  much  zeal  and  attention  to  it,  than  if  it  should 
be  removed  and  put  under  the  care  of  those  people  of  Newport,  who  have  shown  so 
little  regard  for  it  in  any  other  light  than  in  making  a  matter  of  contention  about  it. 

Gov.  Hopkins  alludes  to  the  "unreasonable  enmity"  of  the 
people  of  Newport  to  Providence.  It  is  evident,  from  the  early 
history  of  the  College,  that  there  had  long  existed  an  unpleasant 

26 


202  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

state  of  feeling  between  the  two  towns,  and  that  this  feeling  entered 
into  the  contest  respecting  the  final  Location.  The  famous  Ward 
and  Hopkins  controversy,  commenced  in  1755,  and  continued  for 
thirteen  years,  with  all  the  bitterness  of  the  most  partizan  strife, 
served,  doubtless,  to  stimulate  the  zeal  and  passions  of  the  parties 
now  contending  for  the  College.  Gov.  Ward,  who  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Corporation,  represented  the  people  in  the  southern 
counties  of  the  State,  while  the  voters  in  the  northern  counties 
supported  his  more  successful  rival.  The  reasons  "too  invidious 
to  mention,"  which  determined  the  Corporation  to  locate  the 
College  in  Providence,  cannot  now,  perhaps,  be  definitely  known. 
The  decided  preference  of  the  President,  as  indicated  in  his  letter 
to  Nicholas  Brown,  doubtless  had  great  influence  with  his  friends, 
and  especially  with  those  of  his  own  religious  denomination. 
"The  eight  Baptist  ministers"  who  were  present  at  the  final 
meeting,  viz.,  Russell  Mason,  of  Swansea,  Gardner  Thurston,  of 
Newport,  Samuel  Winsor,  of  Providence,  Isaac  Backus,  of  Mid- 
dleborough,  John  Maxson,  of  Newport,  Edward  Upham,  of  New 
port,  Samuel  Stillman,  of  Boston,  and  the  President,  "were  all 
for  Providence,"  as  appears  from  Manning's  letter  to  Smith,  to 
which  we  have  already  referred.  This  is  worthy  of  special  notice, 
because  three  of  these  ministers  belonged  in  Newport.  It  is  a 
matter  of  regret  that,  among  the  documents  on  file,  there  should 
be  no  memorial  or  paper  giving  more  particularly  the  views  of 
the  Newport  people  in  regard  to  this  vexed  question  of  Location. 
The  following  account  of  the  final  meeting  of  the  Corporation, 
was  written  by  Mr.  Moses  Brown,  on  Thursday,  February  9th, 
being  the  next  day  after  the  adjournment  :- 

WARREN,  February  7th,  1770. 

The  Corporation  met,  swore  in  George  Hazard,  and  chose  Darius  Sessions  as  one  of 
the  Trustees.  The  gentlemen  from  Newport  kept  off  from  laying  before  the  Corpora 
tion  their  reasons  for  asking  a  remove  until  after  "  candle  li^ht,"  and  after  we  insisted 


FINAL     LOCATION.  203 

that  they  should  lay  these  subscriptions  on  the  table.  They  handed  a  bond  from 
sundry  persons  for  £3.100,  lawful  money,  being  £10  more  than  our  former  bond.  We 
insisted  then  that  as  that  did  not  amount  to  so  much  as  ours,  with  the  land,  that  they 
should  give  up  their  claim,  agreeable  to  promise,  but  after  some  debate  adjourned  at 
about  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening,  to  nine  in  the  morning.  When  met,  they  presented 
two  papers,  but  insisted  on  knowing  the  amount  of  our  subscription ;  which  we  had 
before  told  them  was  to  the  amount  of  the  bond,  and  the  unconditional  subscription  of 
£800  besides.  At  length  Henry  Ward  took  me  out  towards  the  door,  and  declared 
there  was  all  they  had,  and  that  they  had  no  orders  to  go  any  higher,  and  proposed  if 
we  would  not  lodge  any  further  subscriptions,  they  would  lay  down  their  papers,  and 
proceed  to  trial  accordingly.  We  agreed.  William  Ellcry  then  lodged  the  papers 
before  held,  and  would  not  deliver  to  anybody,  being  one  bond  for  £150,  lawful  money, 
and  one  other  for  £300.  When  we  came  to  foot  our  sums  we  had  about  £226  more 
than  they,  ours  being  £4,175.  Hereupon  they  delayed  by  many  evasions  proceeding 
to  business,  and  insisted  for  adjournment  to  dinner;  after  which  the  meeting  met,  and 
after  waiting  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  Samuel  Ward,  Doct.  Babcock,  Henry  Ward, 
etc.,  came  in  and  presented  a  security  for  their  unconditional  subscription,  which  they 
*said  was  £508  14s.,  and  a  bond  for  £500  more.  All  this  time  no  subscriptions  were 
produced,  they  alleging  they  had  left  them  at  home,  and  none  were  finally  produced. 
By  this  last  bond  they  exceeded  our  subscriptions,  land  and  all,  about  £385.  Where 
upon,  it  was  thought  advisable  to  lodge  the  last  subscription  we  had  to  be  made  use  of 
upon  this  occasion,  amounting  to  £226,  with  the  Treasurer,  not  caring  to  trust  the  vote, 
they  being  so  much  ahead,  especially  as  they  insisted  that  our  unconditional  subscrip 
tions  ought  not  to  tell  anything  ;  wheieby  they  would  be  about  £1,235  over  us.  This 
reduced  it,  so  that  reckoning  the  whole  of  their  sum  and  the  whole  of  ours,  they  were 
£158  more  than  we.  We  presented  a  calculation  in  the  arguments,  of  the  amount  of 
the  building  if  at  Newport  more  than  if  at  Providence,  amounting  to  £574  lawful 
money,  which  we  insisted  should  be  added  to  ours,  leaving  a  balance  in  our  favor  of 
£415.  The  vote  came  on  after  long  litigation  and  argument,  both  Kent  and  Warren 
putting  in  their  claims.  The  vote  was,  "  Repeal,  or  Not;"  it  passed  in  the  negative 
by  twenty-one  to  fourteen  votes.  So  the  merits  of  the  Newport  arguments  made  by 
Henry  Ward,  etc  ,  replied  to  by  self,  Gov.  Hopkins,  etc. 

-n  T,  n^    1-7 "A  MOSES  BROWN. 

February  9th,  17/0. 

The  reader  will  not  fail  to  observe  how  active  and  zealous 
was  the  author  of  the  foregoing  account,  in  securing  for  Provi 
dence  the  final  Location  of  the  College.  He  was  never  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Corporation,  although  elected  a  Trustee,  and  repeat- 


204  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

edly  urged  by  his  associates  to  accept  the  position.  In  1773,  at 
the  age  of  thirty-five,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  Withdrawing,  at  this  time,  from  the  bustle  of  commerce 
and  trade,  he  sought  that  retirement  to  which  his  feeble  health 
invited,  and  which  was  more  congenial  to  his  early-formed  taste 
for  intellectual  pursuits.  Here  on  his  beautiful  estate  in  the 
environs  of  Providence,  in  rural  quiet  and  simplicity,  he  spent  a 
long  and  useful  life,  aiding  by  his  judicious  counsels  and  abun 
dant  wealth  in  the  promotion  of  intelligence,  piety,  and  freedom 
among  men.  One  of  his  latest  acts  was  to  collect  and  arrange  a 
file  of  papers  relating  to  the  early  history  of  the  College,  for 
which  the  Corporation  passed  a  vote  of  thanks  at  their  annual 
meeting  in  1833.  To  these  papers  we  have  been  specially 
indebted  for  this  documentary  chapter  of  our  work. 

One  of  the  results  of  the  Location  of  the  College  at  Provi 
dence,  was  a  movement  on  the  part  of  the  defeated  contestants 
to  establish  a  college  in  Newport.  Dr.  Stiles  states  in  his  Diary, 
February  23,  1770:  "Mr.  Ellery  came  to  discourse  about  the 
charter  of  another  college,  on  the  plan  of  equal  liberty  to  Con- 
gregationalists,  Baptists,  Episcopalians  and  Quakers."  And,  April 
1,  1770,  he  adds :  "  There  is  now  pending  before  the  General 
Assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  a  petition  for  a  charter  for  a  college 
here  in  Newport,  since  the  first  Rhode  Island  College  is  fixed  at 
Providence.  College  enthusiasm!"  The  application  was  favora 
bly  received  in  the  House,  and  a  charter  was  granted  by  a  vote 
of  twenty  majority.  In  the  Senate,  however,  it  was  either  rejected 
or  indefinitely  postponed.  The  following  action  of  the  Corpora 
tion,  at  a  special  meeting  held  in  Warren,  on  the  2d  of  April,  is 
the  probable  explanation  of  the  defeat  of  this  project:  — 

RKSOLVKD,  That  this  Corporation  make  application  to  the  General  Assembly,  and 
pray  that  a  petition  now  before  the  Assembly  for  granting  a  charter  to  another  eollege, 
be  rejected. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  205 

VOTED,  That  Chancellor  Hopkins,  President  Manning,  Hon.  Darius  Sessions,  Key. 
Samuel  Stillman,  Col.  Job  Bennet,  and  Secretary  Eyres,  be  a  Committee  to  draw  up  a 
memorial  to  the  General  Assembly,  pursuant  to  the  preceding  vote." 

The  said  memorial,  or  remonstrance,  having  been  prepared 
and  approved,  it  was  — 

VOTED,  That  the  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Hon.  Darius 
Session?,  Job  Bennet,  Moses  Brown,  Daniel  Jenckes,  John  Tillinghast,  Oliver  Arnold, 
and  James  Mitchell  Varnum,  be,  and  they  or  the  major  part  of  them  are,  appointed  a 
Committee  to  be  present  at  the  General  Assembly,  and  enforce  the  said  remonstrance. 

This  remonstrance  we  are  happy  to  be  able  to  present  to  our 
readers.  It  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  document,  inasmuch  as  it 
settles  points  in  regard  to  the  origin  of  the  College,  which  have 
sometimes  been  disputed,  giving  the  reasons  why  it  was  founded, 
stating  clearly,  in  connection  with  previous  narratives  or  accounts, 
by  whom  it  was  founded,  when  it  was  founded,  and  where  the  plan 
originated :  — 

To  the  Honorable  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island,  to  sit  at 

Newport,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  May,  1770. 

The  Remonstrance  of  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  the  Corporation  of  the  College 
in  said  Colony  humbly  sheweth  :  — 

That  the  several  denominations  of  Baptists  residing  in  most  of  the  British  Northern 
Colonies,  are,  taken  collectively,  a  considerable  body  of  Christians  ;  and  these  people 
having  of  late  years  taken  into  consideration  that  there  are  no  public  seminaries  for 
the  education  of  youth,  where  those  of  that  persuasion  can  enjoy  equal  freedom  and 
advantages  with  others,  were  thereby  induced  to  form  a  resolution  to  erect  a  college, 
and  institute  a  seminary  for  the  education  of  youth  somewhere  in  North  America,  to  be 
effected  chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  by  the  application,  and  at  the  cost  and  expense  of 
the  Baptist  chuiches. 

That  having  proceeded  thus  far,  they  began  to  inquire  after  the  most  convenient 
place  for  executing  their  design  ;  and  on  deliberation,  finding  that  the  Colony  of  Rhode 
Island  was  first  settled  chiefly  by  Baptists,  that  a  very  considerable  part  of  its  inhabi 
tants  are  still  of  that  persuasion,  and  that  a  universal  toleration  of  liberty  of  conscience 
hath  from  the  beginning  taken  place  in  it,  they  had  great  hope  it  would  prove  a  proper 
place  for  founding  a  College,  and  in  which  the  infant  Institution  might  be  most  encour 
aged  ;  and  accordingly  they  applied  to  the  General  Assembly  of  said  Colony  for  a 


206  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

charter  of  incorporation,  which  they  thankfully  acknowledge  was  freely  granted  them. 

That  in  forming  this  charter  care  was  taken,  that,  notwithstanding  the  burden  of 
expense  was  to  fall  chiefly  on  the  Baptists,  yet,  no  other  Christian  society  should  be 
excluded  from  the  benefits  of  it ;  and  accordingly,  a  sufficient  number  from  each  of 
the  principal  of  them  were  taken  in  to  be  Trustees  and  Fellows  in  the  Corporation,  as 
might  be  able  to  take  care  of,  and  guard  their  interest  in  it,  in  all  time  to  come.  And 
the  youth  of  every  denomination  of  Christians  are  fully  entitled  to,  and  actually  enjoy 
equal  advantages  in  every  respect,  as  the  Baptists  themselves,  without  being  burdened 
with  any  religious  test  or  complaint  whatsoever. 

That,  since  granting  the  charter  aforesaid,  several  considerable  men  among  the 
Baptists  have  taken  great  pains,  as  well  in  Europe  as  in  America,  to  solicit  benefactions 
for  endowing  said  College,  and  have  collected  considerable  sums  for  that  purpose ;  and 
many  others  of  the  same  Society,  have  become  very  large  contributors  towards  the 
expense  of  erecting  the  College  edifice. 

All  this  being  known  and  understood,  we  confess  our  surprise  at  the  thoughts  of 
those,  who  are  pleased  to  look  upon  this  as  a  very  contracted  plan ;  and  this  surprise 
becomes  a  real  concern  on  being  informed  that  a  petition  hath  been  set  on  foot,  and 
subscribed  by  a  great  number  of  persons,  praying  the  General  Assembly  to  grant 
another  charter  for  instituting  a  college  within  the  said  Colony,  different  and  separate 
from  that  already  granted  and  established,  and  pretended  to  be  on  a  more  liberal  and 
catholic  plan ;  and  our  concern  is  increased  to  a  real  anxiety,  on  perceiving  the  General 
Assembly  entertained  the  said  petition  with  some  kind  of  approbation. 

Permit  us,  therefore,  to  remonstrate,  that,  as  we  had  firm  reliance  on  the  lasting 
faith  and  credit  of  the  Legislative  Body  of  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island,  that  faith  and 
credit  hath  by  us  as  a  Corporation,  been  asserted,  and  pledged,  in  m<>st  parts  of  Eng 
land,  and  Ireland,  and  in  many  parts  of  America;  and,  on  that  foundation  large  sums 
of  money  have  been  given,  and  more  subscribed  towards  this  Institution.  That,  should 
a  charter  be  granted  for  erecting  another  corporation  of  the  same  kind  in  this  Colony, 
all  those  who  have  been  benefactors  to  this  will  think  themselves  deluded,  and  deceived; 
notwithstanding,  we  have  acted  under  the  faith  of  the  government ;  and  all  those  that 
hereafter  might  become  benefactors,  will  be  discouraged,  and  hindered.  That  the 
granting  of  our  Charter,  being  for  erecting  and  endowing  a  College  in  the  Colony 
Rhode  Island,  must,  rationally,  and  justly,  be  considered  as  exclusive  of  any  other 
college  being  erected  within  it. 

Therefore,  your  Remonstrants  humbly  pray,  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  counte 
nance  and  encourage  the  present  Institution  and  College  in  this  Colony;  and  not 
permit,  or  sufter,  any  other  to  be  set  up  and  established  to  rival  and  ruin  it. 

And  your  Remonstrants  will  ever  pray. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  207 

A  manuscript  in  the  hand-writing  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stiles,  pur 
porting  to  be  the  charter  for  another  college  which  the  petitioners 
failed  to  secure  from  the  General  Assembly,  is,  we  understand,  in 
the  possession  of  Dr.  David  King,  of  Newport. 

Allusion  has  been  made  to  the  file  of  papers  relating  to  the 
Location  of  the  College,  preserved  by  Mr.  Brown.  Our  readers 
will  peruse  with  pleasure  the  following  interesting  letter  respect 
ing  them  from  the  venerable  philanthropist,  written,  it  may  be 
added,  when  in  his  ninety-fifth  year.  We  publish  it  entire, 
although  the  latter  part  belongs  rather  to  the  history  of  Roger 
Williams  and  the  First  Baptist  Church  :  — 

PROVIDENCE,  25th  of  oth  month,  1833. 
ESTEEMED  FRIEND,  FRANCIS  WAYLAXD  :  — 

Agreeable  to  encouragement  given  thee  when  at  my  house,  I  herewith  send  thee  a 
file  of  papers  containing  copies  of  originals,  which  T  preserved  at  the  time  of  their 
transactions,  respecting  the  removal  of  the  College  from  Warren,  after  the  Corporation 
had  set  the  Location  of  it  at  liberty  from  Warren,  where  it  had  been  concluded  to 
place  it,  and  where  the  first  Commencement  was  held.  I  had  them  copied  soon  after 
we  conversed  about  them,  when  thou  seemed,  as  I  thought,  to  have  a  choice  for  them. 
I  wish  they  were  better  done,  but  such  as  they  are,  after  comparing,  I  leave  them  at 
thy  disposal.  I  presume  there  are  no  other  writings  or  copies  that  contain  the  same,  or 
so  full  accounts  of  the  progress,  labor,  and  I  may  say,  anxiety  which  occured  on  the 
subject  at  and  about  that  business.  When  the  fixing  of  the  College  edifice  here  was 
firmly  settled,  rather  than  at  Warren,  Newport,  or  East  Greenwich,  which  all  claimed 
the  preference,  our  house,  then  composed  of  four  brothers,  viz.,  Nicholas,  Joseph, 
John  and  Moses  Brown,  concluded  to  take  charge  of  building  the  necessary  buildings, 
purchasing  land  for  the  same,  etc.  At  that  time,  gardens  and  buildings  were  to  be 
purchased  and  removed,  besides  the  site  for  the  College ;  for  we  then  knew  the  lot 
from  Main  street  to  the  neck  road  on  the  east  was  the  original  home  lot  of  our  ancestor, 
Chad  Brown,  of  whom  we  had  the  tradition  that  he  was  the  first  Baptist  ELDER  in 
Providence.  Doct.  Edwards  when  collecting  materials  for  the  history  of  the  Baptists 
here,  and  examining  all  the  elderly  people  he  could  find  here,  on  which  business  I 
accompanied  him,  was  informed  that  Chad  Brown  was  the  first  ELDER,  although  Roger 
Williams  being  a  preacher  before  he  came  here,  was  a  preacher  and  continued  it  here 
for  some  time.  Richard  Scott  says  he  was  with  him  in  the  Baptist  way  three  or  four 
months,  when  Roger  left  them,  and  went  in  a  way  of  seeking.  Roger's  testimony 


208  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

respecting  Chad  Brown,  I  have  under  his  own  hand,  in  a  plea  of  his  before  the  Court 
of  the  four  New  England  Colonies,  saying,  "  Chad  Brown  a  wise  and  godly  soul,  (now 
with  God,)  with  myself  brought  the  first  twelve  and  the  after  comers  to  a  oneness  by 
arbitration."  Chad  and  his  wife  were  buried  in  their  own  lot  near  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  now  town  house,  and  had  a  large  square  monument  of  granite  over  them, 
till  by  the  request  of  the  town  to  widen  that  street,  their  bones  were  taken  up  and 
interred  in  the  North  Burying  Ground,  and  head  and  foot  stones  were  erected  over 
them  by  the  town.  I  saw  their  remains  when  taken  up.  His  son  John  Brown  (his 
eldest)  was  also  a  preacher,  but  not  an  elder,  and  was  the  father  of  James  Brown, 
long  a  Baptist  elder  until  his  death.  Thou  may  see  by  all  this  our  family  had  an 
interest  in  promoting  the  Institution  now  called  Brown  University,  besides  the  purchase 
of  the  name  by  my  worthy  nephew  Nicholas ;  and  I  hope  it  may  continue  useful  to 
posterity  and  retain  the  liberal  principles  of  the  founders  of  the  State  and  Institution. 
Here  I  may  mention  that  Chad  Brown  was  one,  who,  in  1640,  as  a  committee-man  of 
the  town,  reported  a  plan  for  the  peace  of  the  then  town  and  the  establishment  of 
liberty  of  conscience,  and  who,  in  1643,  was  appointed  to  mediate  between  the  Gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts  and  the  settlers  in  Warwick.  These,  however,  are  matters  of 
history,  the  first  in  "Simplicity's  Defence,"  the  other  in  "  Hazard's  State  Papers." 
Possibly  thou  may  not  have  known  he  also  appears  on  our  town  records  to  have  been  a 
surveyor  of  land  in  early  times 

When  I  began  this  letter,  I  had  nothing  more  in  view  than  a  few  lines  to  introduce 
the  copies  of  the  minutes,  letters,  etc.,  respecting  the  removal  of  the  College  here,  but  as 
I  have  gone  further,  I  conclude  to  give  thee  my  own  knowledge  respecting  the  changes 
and  alterations  in  the  Baptist  church  in  this  town,  which  was  in  very  early  time  known 
by  the  name  of  Six  Principle  Baptist.  In  proof  of  this,  I  have  an  original  letter  of 
Elder  Pardon  Tillinghast,  signed  by  himself,  Gregory  Dexter  and  Aaron  Davis,  in 
behalf  of  the  brethren  of  the  church  in  this  town,  dated  in  the  5th  month,  then  July, 
1681 ;  and  this  is  confirmed  by  Elder  Tillinghast's  deed  of  the  Baptist  meeting  house 
and  lot  to  the  church.  Their  views  are  explained  by  the  passage  in  Hebrews,  6 :  2, 
"  laying  on  of  hands."  This  was  the  agreed  practice  in  1782.  at  a  special  meeting  of 
the  ministers  and  elders  at  Elder  Brown's,  signed  by  ten  ministers  and  fourteen  other 
members  on  this  subject,*  Also  I  have  a  pamphlet  written  by  James  Manning,  to  a 
minister  desiring  his  views  on  the  subject,  as  appears  by  comparing  the  mjmuscript 
with  other  writings  of  his.  I  mention  these  facts,  not  that  I  consider  them  otherwise 
than  historical  facts,  which  in  the  modern  history  of  the  society  are  contnmly  repre 
sented  to  support  the  present  ruling  writers.  Indeed,  the  difference  is  marked  between 
the  old  church  of  the  Baptists  in  this  town  and  after  Elder  Manning,  a  worthy  godly 

*This  letter  is  published  in  MANNING  AND  BKOWN  UNIVERSITY,  page  154. 


FINAL     LOCATION.  209 

man  and  an  excellent  preacher,  whom  I  attended  in  his  last  moments,  and  whom  we 
all  loved.  In  divers  respects,  however,  his  practice  was  different  from  the  church  here, 
and  much  difficulty  was  in  the  meeting  upon  the  subject  of  singing  and  the  contribution 
box,  these  being  never  before  known.  To  give  a  vote  of  the  church  in  favor  of  the 
first  more  particularly,  the  female  members  were  called  upon  to  vote,  though  not  usual, 
and  my  mother  and  sister  attended  accordingly.  This  occasioned  a  serious  division 
with  the  old  deacons  and  members.  Elder  Manning  having  powerful  aid  from  some 
of  the  old  members,  and  being  prudent  enough  to  keep  himself  out  of  the  strife,  pre 
served  the  aifection  most  generally  of  the  church.  At  length  a  separation  was  con 
cluded  on,  the  meeting  house  and  lot  were  sold,  the  money  was  divided,  the  meeting 
house  in  Johnston  on  the  plain  was  built,  and  also  the  house  now  called  the  First 
Baptist.  My  brother  Joseph  was  a  member  of  the  church,  and  when  he  brought  his 
contribution  box  to  my  mother's  pew,  I  now  remember  my  reluctant  feelings  for  him, 
our  family  and  the  church  never  having  seen  the  like  in  our  meeting,  though  often  in 
the  Congregational  and  other  churches.  And  though  much  has  been  said  of  Koger 
Williams  as  being  a  Baptist,*  yet  in  his  book  of  "Hireling  Ministry  none  of  Christs," 
printed  in  1652,  on  page  8,  he  says,  "  Jesus  Christ  never  made  bargains  with  his  mes 
sengers  or  pastors; "  and  on  page  14,  he  says,  "Universities  as  to  the  ministry  of  Jesus 
Christ  are  none  of  his  institutions ;  the  title  scholar  appointed  to  the  ministry  is  a 
sacrilegious  and  thievish  title,  robbing  all  believers  and  saints."  These  views  of  Roger 
I  believe  are  little  known  by  Baptists,  as  the  book  is  out  of  print.  Were  these  and 

*  Mr.  Williams,  according  to  Winthrop,  was  baptized,  with,  eleven  others,  on  or  previous 
to  March  16,  1639,  thus  constitxiting  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Providence.  He  may, 
therefore,  with  propriety  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  America. 
It  is  not,  however,  contended  that  he  thereby  assumed  the  pastoral  relation,  as  he  did  not 
long  retain  his  connection  with  the  church.  He  had  doiibts,  it  appears,  in  regard  to  the 
validity  of  his  baptism,  in  consequence  of  the  absence  of  ';a  visible  succession"  of  author 
ized  administrators  of  the  rite.  His  views  too  in  regard  to  the  Christian  ministry  underwent 
a  change,  as  is  indicated  in  "The  Hireling  Ministry,"  to  which  Mr.  Brown  refers.  His 
mission  was  to  establish  in  the  New  World  a  government  on  the  principles  of  entire  civil 
and  religious  freedom.  He  was,  however,  a  man  of  genuine  piety,  and  he  adhered  through, 
life,  so  far  as  we  may  judge  from  his  published  writings,  to  the  sentiments  which  he  advo 
cated  in  his  earlier  years.  He  believed  in  CONVERSION  AS  A  CONDITION  OF  CHURCH  MEM 
BERSHIP  ;  this  is  evident  from  all  his  controversial  works.  In  regard  to  what  is  known  as 
the  distinguishing  sentiment  or  doctrine  of  Baptists  at  the  present  day,  viz. ,  BAPTISM  BY 
IMMERSION,  he  thus  writes,  more  than  ten  years  after  the  founding  of  the  Providence  church  : 
"  I  BELIEVE  THEIR  PRACTICE"  (referring  to  the  Baptists  at  Seekonk)  "COMES  NEARER  THE 

FIRST  PRACTICE  OF  OUR  GREAT  FOUNDER,   CHRIST    JESUS,    THAN  OTHER  PRACTICES  OF  RELIGION 

DO."     See  Biographical  Introduction  to  the  Writings  of  Roger  Williams,  in  the  Publica 
tions  of  the  Narragansett  Chib,  pp.  35-8. 
27 


210  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

other  things  more  fully  known,  I  presume  he  would  not  stand  in  the  Society  as  an 
example.  His  early  and  latter  writings  are  very  different,  showing  his  instability  as 
to  his  claims  of  religion.  If  any  information  to  thee  should  be  derived,  my  object  in 
relating  them  with  Christian  freedom  will  be  answered. 

I  conclude  and  remain  thy  friend, 

MOSES  BROWN. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS 


OBTAINED    IN 


SOUTH  CAROLINA  AND  GEORGIA, 


REV.   HEZEKIAH    SMITH. 


1769-177O, 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


HEN  the   Corporation  met  at  Warren,  in  1769,  to  decide 
upon  the  Location  of  the  College,  they  voted  :  — 

That  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith  be  desired  by  this  Corporation  to  solicit  benefactions 
for  their  use,  in  the  southern  and  western  provinces  on  this  continent,  or  elsewhere, 
and  that  suitable  credentials  be  given  him  for  that  purpose,  by  the  Chancellor  and 
President,  with  the  seal  of  the  Corporation  annexed. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  "credentials,"  from  a  rough 
draft  on  file  :  — 

By  the  Honorable  Stephen  Hopkins,  Esquire,  Chancellor,  and  the  Reverend  James 
Manning,  President  of  the  College  or  University  in  the  English  Colony  of  Rhode 
Island  and  Providence  Plantations  in  New  England  in  America.  To  the  Rev. 
Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Haverhill,  in  America,  GREETING  : 

WHEREAS,  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Colony  aforesaid,  taking  into  consideration 
the  many  advantages  derived  to  society  from  educating  youth  in  useful  literature,  did 
grant  a  charter  incorporating  the  persons  therein  named  into  a  body  politic,  and 
empowering  them  to  erect,  found  and  endow  a  College  or  University  in  said  Colony  : 
And  whereas,  the  said  Corporation  from  the  smallness  of  their  funds,  have  found  them 
selves  under  a  necessity  of  requesting  the  generous  assistance  of  the  friends  of  religion 
and  learning  without  the  said  Colony :  And  whereas,  the  said  Corporation  at  their 
annual  meeting  at  Warren,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  instant,  being  well 
convinced  of  your  affection  and  regard  to  the  said  College  or  University,  and  of  your 
integrity  and  ability,  did  unanimously  appoint  and  request  you  to  solicit  and  receive 
benefactions  in  any  part  of  America  for  the  benefit  of  the  said  Institution.  These  are, 


114  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

therefore,  to  empower  and  authorize  you,  the  said  Hezekiah  Smith,  to  receive  all  such 
charitable  donations  as  shall  be  made  in  America,  for  the  erecting,  founding  or  endow 
ing  the  said  College  or  University ;  assuring  the  donors  that  their  benefactions  shall  be 
religiously  applied  by  the  said  Corporation  to  the  purposes  they  shall  direct. 

In  testimony  whereof,  we,  the  said  Chancellor  and  President,  have  hereunto  set 
our  hands  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  said  College  or  University,  to  be  affixed 

[L.  s.]  this day  of  September,  in  the  ninth  year  of  the  reign  of  His  Most  Sacred 

Majesty  George  the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  Great  Britain,  etc., 
Anno  Domini,  1769. 

By  order,  STEPHEN  HOPKINS,    Chancellor^ 

JAMES  MANNING,  President. 

Mr.  Smith,  whose  relations  with  President  Manning  from  early 
manhood  down  to  the  close  of  life,  were  those  of  the  greatest  inti 
macy,  was  born  on  Long  Island,  New  York,  on  the  21st  of  April, 
1738.  In  his  youth  he  became  pious,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  New  York  city,  then  under  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  John  Gano.  He  commenced  his  classi 
cal  education  at  Hopewell,  entered  the  College  of  New  Jersey  at 
Princeton,  and  graduated  in  the  year  1762,  in  the  same  class  with 
Manning.  After  leaving  college,  he  travelled  through  the  south 
ern  provinces,  in  order  to  recover  his  health,  which  had  become 
somewhat  impaired  by  a  too  close  confinement  to  his  studies.  In 
a  single  year  he  made  a  tour  of  four  thousand  miles,  and  laid  the 
foundations  of  lasting  friendship  with  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Hart,  Pelot, 
and  others  of  a  kindred  spirit,  whose  intercourse  and  correspon 
dence  proved  a  delight  to  him  in  his  riper  years.  At  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  he  was  ordained  by  several  ministers  of  the  Charles 
ton  Association.  The  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  Massachusetts, 
gathered  through  Mr.  Smith's  instrumentality,  was  organized  on 
the  9th  of  May,  1765,  and  he  was  chosen  the  pastor.  Here  he 
labored  as  an  earnest  and  effective  preacher  of  the  Gospel,  during 
a  period  of  forty  years,  or  until  his  death,  which  occurred  January 
22, 1805.  For  a  fuller  account  of  him,  together  with  extracts  from 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS.  215 

his  correspondence  while  serving  as  a  chaplain  in  the  American 
army,  see  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pages  135-142. 

Mr.  Smith  left  home  on  his  important  mission  for  the  College, 
October  2,  1769,  and  returned  June  8,  1770,  having  been  absent 
from  the  people  of  his  charge  a  little  over  eight  months.  He 
travelled  extensively  through  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  preach 
ing  as  he  had  opportunity,  and  prosecuting  with  energy  and  zeal 
the  work  to  which  he  had  been  appointed.  His  fervid  piety,  his 
eloquence,  his  commanding  presence  and  genial  manners,  gained 
him  hearers,  and  rendered  him  everywhere  a  welcome  guest.  He 
succeeded  in  obtaining  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  -£3,710  17$ 
6J,  South  Carolina  currency,  of  which  he  collected  £2,523  8s  6^, 
as  appears  from  his  final  accounts,  which  were  submitted  to  the 
Corporation  at  their  annual  meeting  in  1770.  In  a  letter  to  Dr. 
Stennet,  dated  June  7,  1770,  President  Manning  writes  : — "Our 
brother,  Hezekiah  Smith,  of  Haverhill,  has  collected  and  obtained 
subscriptions  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  from  whence  he  has 
just  returned,  to  the  amount  of  about  £500  sterling."  From  Mr. 
Smith's  diary  we  select  for  publication  that  portion  relating  to 
this  journey :  — 

OCTOBER  1,  in  the  evening  preached  at  Mr.  Thomas  Osgood's,  from  Psalms,  45 : 13, 
Monday,  2,  went  to  Medfield  and  lodged  for  the  night  at  Nathan  Plimpton's.  Tuesday, 
3,  went  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Manning's,  in  Warren.  Wednesday,  4,  went  to  Col.  Bennet's, 
in  Newport.  Thursday,  5,  in  the  evening  preached  in  Mr,  Thurston's  pulpit,  from 
Genesis,  45  :  4.  Friday,  6,  went  to  Jonas  Belton's,  in  Groton.  Saturday,  7,  went 
to  Rev.  Jonathan  Todd's,  in  East  Gilford ;  tarried  there  till  Monday.  Sunday,  8, 
preached  two  sermons  in  Mr.  Todd's  pulpit ;  in  the  forenoon  from  Genesis,  45  :  4,  and 
in  the  afternoon  from  Titus,  3:7.  The  assembly  were  much  affected,  and  1  can  but 
think  and  hope  that  God  blessed  these  discourses  to  some  souls.  Monday,  9,  went  to 
Mr.  Nichols's,  in  Stratford.  Tuesday,  10,  went  to  East  Chester,  to  Mr.  Butler's. 
Wednesday,  11,  went  to  New  York.  Thursday,  12,  embarked  for  Charleston,  on 
board  the  sloop  Sally,  Capt.  Peter  Schermerhorn.  Arrived  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  on  the  20th  ;  went  to  Rev.  Oliver  Hart's,  and  there  tarrieil.  Sunday,  22, 
preached  two  sermons  from  Genesis,  45  :  4,  and  Romans,  5:1.  Monday,  23,  Tues 
day,  24,  Wednesday,  25,  and  Thursday,  26,  solicited  donations  for  Rhode  Island 


216  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

College.  Thursday  evening,  preached  a  sermon  in  Rev.  Oliver  Hart's  pulpit,  from 
Zechariah,  3  :  9.  Friday,  27,  and  Saturday,  28,  solicited  donations  for  the  College. 
Sunday,  29,  preached  two  sermons,  from  Mark,  8:38,  and  Habakkuk,  11:  16- 
Monday,  30,  and  so  through  the  whole  week  solicited  donations.  Tuesday  and  Wed 
nesday  evenings,  preached  from  1st  Corinthians,  9  :  24,  and  Genesis,  24:  49.  Sunday, 
NOVEMBER  5,  in  the  evening  preached  in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit,  from  Solomon's 
Song,  5:  2.  Monday,  6,  to  Saturday.  11,  solicited  benefactions  for  Rhode  Island 
College,  though  Thursday  evening  preached  from  Isaiah,  23 :  1.  Sunday,  12,  preached 
three  sermons  in  Rev.  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit,  from  Romans,  12:2,  John,  18:4,  and 
Revelations,  14:  15.  Monday,  13,  and  all  the  week,  solicited  benefactions  for  the 
College.  Thursday  evening  preached  a  sermon  from  John,  3  :  14.  Saturday,  18, 
married  Nathan  Ellis  and  Mary  Drysdel,  both  of  Charleston.  Sunday,  19,  preached 
two  sermons  in  Rev.  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit,  from  Deuteronomy,  32  :  2,  and  Acts,  13  :  41, 
and  heard  Mr.  Done  preach  one.  Monday,  20,  collected  money  for  the  College. 
Tuesday,  21,  went  to  Mr.  Bee's,  at  Pon  Pon.  Wednesday,  22,  went  to  Mr.  Jordon's, 
at  the  Saltcatchers.  Thursday,  23,  went  to  Rev.  Francis  Perot's,  in  Eutaw.  Friday, 
24,  went  to  Mr.  Screven's  in  Georgia,  and  tarried  there  till  Monday,  when  I  went  to 
Mr.  Stirk's.  Tuesday,  28,  went  to  Savannah,  to  Mr.  Boltori's.  Wednesday,  29, 
went  to  Rev.  Mr.  Osgood's,  at  Midway.  Tarried  there  two  days.  Friday,  DECEMBER 
1,  went  to  Sunsbury  to  Rev.  Mr.  Edmund's,  and  preached  in  the  evening  from  "  So 
run  that  ye  may  obtain."  Saturday,  2,  went  to  Rev.  Mr.  Osgood's.  Sunday,  3, 
preached  two  sermons  in  Rev.  Mr.  Osgood's  pulpit,  from  Deuteronomy,  32  :  2,  and 
Romans,  5:1.  Monday,  4,  detained  at  Mr.  Osgood's  on  account  of  rain.  Tuesday, 
5,  went  to  Savannah  and  lodged  at  Rev.  Mr.  Zubly's.  Wednesday,  6,  solicited  bene 
factions  for  the  College.  Thursday,  7,  went  to  Benjamin  Srirk's,  at  Leeds,  in  St. 
Matthews,  and  preached  from  John,  5  :  10.  After  sermon,  baptized  Elizabeth  Wil 
liams,  of  Gosham,  in  St.  Matthews  Parish.  Friday,  8,  and  Saturday,  9,  solicited 
benefactions  for  the  College.  Met  with  good  success.  Sunday  10,  preached  one  ser 
mon  in  Rev.  Mr.  Zubly's  pulpit,  from  Song  of  Solomon,  5  :  16.  He  preached  in  the 
afternoon.  Monday,  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  solicited  benefactions  for  the  College, 
though  on  Tuesday  afternoon  went  to  Rev.  Mr.  Whitetield's  Orphan  House,  where  I 
delivered  two  discourses,  —  one  the  same  evening  I  got  there,  from  Romans  5:1,  and 
the  other  the  next  morning,  from  Deuteronomy  32  :  2.  After  the  morning  service, 
breakfasted  and  took  a  view  of  the  buildings  and  the  wings  which  were  then  building, 
and  then  returned  to  Savannah.  Wednesday,  13,  had  the  pleasure  to  sup  with  Mr. 
Whitefield,  and  also  to  breakfast  with  him  the  next  morning,  at  James  Habersham's. 
Thursday,  14,  went  on  boat  to  go  to  Hilton  Head,  and  lodged  the  night  on  Bloody 
Point.  Friday,  15,  got  to  the  island  Hilton  Head  and  went  to  Capt.  Samuel 
Green's.  Lodged  there  till  morning.  Saturday,  preached  on  the  muster  field  to  the 


EARLY    SUBSCRIPTIONS.  217 

company  assembled  for  exercise,  from  Ephesians  6:11.  Then  the  Captain  exercised 
his  company,  after  which  I  got  <£100,  Southern  currency,  subscribed  for  the  Rhode 
Island  College.  Sabbath,  17,  preached  from  Luke  14  :  18.  Monday,  December 
18,  went  to  Rev.  Mr.  Pelot's,  at  Eutaw.  Tuesday,  19,  collected  for  the  College. 
Wednesday,  20,  set  out  to  Charleston ;  the  first  night  lodged  at  Mr.  Main's,  in 
Indian  Land,  the  second  night  at  Mr.  Branford's,  at  Pon  Pon  ;  Friday  evening,  reached 
Charleston.  Saturday,  September  23,  among  my  friends  and  in  my  study.  Sunday, 
24,  preached  three  times;  first  from  Isaiah  40  :  1,  then  from  Zechariah  9  :  12,  and 
in  the  evening  from  Luke  13  :  25.  Monday,  25,  in  the  forenoon,  heard  Mr.  Cald- 
well  preach,  and  in  the  evening  married  John  Gowrlay  and  Elizabeth  River.  Tuesday, 
26,  to  Saturday,  30,  collecting  for  the  College,  visiting  and  studying,  though  Thurs 
day  evening  I  preached  from  Hebrews  12  :  25.  Sabbath,  31,  preached  three  sermons, 
from  Revelation  5:12,  and  John  6  : 37. 

Monday,  JANUARY  1,  preached  from  Hebrews  13  :  5.  Tuesday,  January  2,  col 
lecting  for  the  College.  Wednesday,  January  3,  visiting  and  getting  bills  of  exchange. 
Thursday,  4,  and  Friday,  5,  engaged  in  collecting  for  our  College.  Saturday,  6,  in 
Mr.  Hart's  study.  Sunday,  January  7,  preached  three  sermons  in  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit ; 
two  from  2d  Peter  1  :  10 ;  and  one  from  Revelation  12:11.  Monday,  8,  and 
through  the  week,  endeavoring  to  collect.  Sunday,  14,  preached  two  sermons ;  one 
in  the  forenoon,  from  Leviticus  25  :  9,  and  in  the  evening  from  Matthew  5  :  20.  Mr. 
Done  preached  in  the  afternoon.  Monday,  15,  endeavoring  to  collect  for  the  Col 
lege  as  opportunity  served,  though  Friday  evening  preached  in  Mr.  Hart's  meeting 
house,  from  Isaiah  30  :  10.  Saturday,  20,  in  Mr.  Hart's  study.  Sunday,  21, 
preached  in  the  forenoon  from  Jeremiah  31  :  20.  Mr.  Done  preached  in  the  afternoon, 
and  I  in  the  evening  from  Jeremiah  3  :  22.  Monday,  22,  to  Wednesday,  24,  wait 
ing  a  passage  to  St.  Helena.  Thursday,  25  to  Saturday,  27,  among  my  friends 
and  in  my  study.  Sabbath,  28,  preached  in  the  forenoon  from  Job  23  :  3.  Heard 
Mr.  Matthews  preach  in  the  afternoon,  and  I  preached  in  the  evening  from  Proverbs 
3  :  17.  Monday,  29,  went  to  Pon  Pon,  to  Mr.  Ezekiel  Brandford's.  Tuesday,  30, 
to  the  Horse  Shoe,  to  Mr.  Josiah  Pendervise's ;  lodged  there  two  nights.  Thursday, 
FEBRUARY  1,  went  to  Mr.  Bulline's,  in  Stono.  Friday,  February  2,  went  to  Charleston. 
Succeeded  very  well  in  collecting  for  the  College  this  week.  Saturday,  February  3, 
at  Mr.  Hart's.  Sunday,  4,  heard  Mr.  Matthews  and  Mr.  Hart  preach  during  the 
day,  and  I  preached  in  the  evening  from  John  7  :  37.  Monday,  February  5,  met  in 
Association  with  the  churches  of  South  Carolina,  in  Charleston,  and  in  the  evening 
preached  from  Job  23  :  4.  Tuesday,  February  6,  met  in  Association.  Wednesday, 
7,  collecting  for  the  College.  Thursday,  8,  preached  Mr.  Edmund  Matthew's  ordi 
nation  sermon,  from  2d  Timothy  2  :  24,  —  "  Apt  to  teach."  Friday  and  Saturday, 
detained  in  town  by  bad  weather.  Sunday,  February  11,  in  the  evening  preached 
28 


218  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

from  1st  Corinthians  2  :  14.  Monday,  12,  in  Charleston.  Tuesday,  13,  left  Charles 
ton  and  got  to  Georgetown  on  Thursday.  Friday,  February  16,  preached  at  Mr. 
Flin's,  the  tavern,  from  Isaiah  28  :  16.  Saturday,  17,  left  Georgetown  and  went  in 
the  evening  to  Mr.  Wetherspoon's,  on  Lynch  Creek.  Sunday,  18th,  went  to  Tilman 
Cobb's,  on  Pedee.  Monday,  19,  went  to  Peter  Cobb's  Tuesday,  20,  went  to  Capt. 
George  Hick's.  Wednesday,  21,  to  Mr.  Pegue's.  Thursday,  22,  collecting.  Friday, 

23,  preached  at  Mr.  Bedingfield's,  from  "  So  run  that  ye  may  obtain."      Saturday, 

24,  went  to  Rev.  Mr.  Bedgegood's ;    preached  for  him  on  Lord's  day,  from  Romans 
5:1.     Monday  and  Tuesday  at  Mr.  Bedgegood's.     Wednesday,  28,  went  to  Arthur 
Hart's,  and  preached  from  Hebrews  12  :  1. 

Thursday,  MARCH  1,  went  to  Malachi  Murfee's.  Friday,  2,  went  to  Benjamin 
James's,  in  Cashway.  Saturday,  3,  Preached  in  Cashway  meeting  house  from  "  Is 
all  well."  Sabbath,  4,  preached  in  Casway  from  2d  Corinthians,  13  :  11.  Monday, 
5,  went  to  Capt.  Thompson's,  at  Swift  Creek ;  to  get  to  his  house  from  Peter  Cobb's, 
I  went  by  the  Devil's  Wood  Yard  and  over  Belly  Ache  Bun.  Tuesday.  March  6,  I 
went  to  John  Perkins,  after  crossing  Lynch's  Creek.  Wednesday,  7,  went  to  Capt. 
Cartee's,  in  Camden,  or  at  the  Pine  Tree.  Thursday,  March  8,  went  to  Capt.  How 
ard's  at  the  High  Hills  of  Santee.  The  Santee  is  formed  by  the  Wateree  and  the 
Congree.  The  Congree  is  formed  by  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers  The  Catawba  river 
runs  into  the  Wateree.  Friday,  9,  I  preached  at  Dr  Howard's,  from  "  What  think 
ye  of  Christ?"  A  blessed  appearance  of  religion  was  among  the  people.  I  trust 
God  is  about  to  gather  in  some  of  his  elect  in  this  place.  Saturday,  10,  preached 
from  Acts  16:30.  Sabbath,  11,  preached  two  sermons,  one  from  1st  Corinthians 
9  :  24,  and  another  from  Romans  6  :  23.  Monday,  March  12,  went  to  Mr.  Sumpter's, 
on  the  Santee,  and  preached  the  same  evening  from  John  3  :  7  Tuesday,  13,  went 
to  Monk's  Corner.  Wednesday,  14,  went  to  Charleston.  Thursday,  15,  to  Saturday, 

17,  in  town  among  my  friends,   and  settling  my  business  for  my  departure.      Sabbath, 

18,  preached  from  Malachi  4:2.      Monday,  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  collecting  for 
the  College.      Thursday  evening,  preached  from  Hosea  10  :  12.      Friday  and  Saturday, 
in  town  and  in  my  study.     Sunday  25,   preached  three  sermons  from   1st  Timothy 
1  :  8,  Ezekiel  17  :  23,  and  llcvelation  20  :  12.      Monday  and  Tuesday,  in  the  country 
collecting      Wednesday  and  Thursday,  in  town  and  on  James  Island.      Thursday 
evening  I  preached  in  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit  from  Luke  5  :  31.      Friday  and  Saturday, 
collecting.       Sunday,    APRIL  1,    preached    three    sermons,    from   Luke    10  :  30-36, 
Hebrews  2:3,   and  Revelation  1:7.     Monday  and  Tuesday,  collecting.      Wednes 
day,    preached   in   the   Baptist  meeting  house   on  James   Island,   from   Titus   3:7. 
Thursday,  collecting,  and  in  the  evening  preached  from  Solomon's  Song  1  :  5.      Friday 
and  Saturday,  collecting,  visiting  and  in  my  study.      Sunday,  8,  heard  Mr.  Stirk  and 
Mr.  Hart  preach  during  the  day,  and  I  preached  in  the  evening  from  Proverbs  28  :  26. 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTION  S.  219 

Monday  and  Tuesday,  collecting  and  visiting.  Wednesday,  visiting  and  in  my  study. 
Thursday,  12,  in  the  evening  preached  from  Ezekiel  36  :  26.  Friday  and  Saturday, 
getting  ready  for  my  departure,  and  in  the  study  preparing  for  the  Lord's  day.  Sun 
day,  15,  preached  in  the  forenoon  in  Mr.  Hart's  pulpit  from  Ecclesiastes  11:1,  and 
in  the  evening  from  Revelation  2:17.  Monday,  16,  preparing  to  embark  for  New 
York.  Tuesday,  17,  in  the  evening  preached  my  farewell  sermon  from  2d  Corinthians 
13:11.  Wednesday,  Thursday  and  Friday,  in  town  waiting  a  passage.  Saturdav, 
21 ,  left  Charleston,  and  lay  in  the  Rebellion  Road  until  Sunday,  22  ;  went  over  the  Bar 
and  arrived  at  New  York  the  last  day  of  April.  Found  my  friends  well.  Tuesday,  MAY 
1  preached  in  the  evening  in  Mr.  Gano's  pulpit  from  Ezekiel  36  :  26.  Wednesday,  in 
New  York.  Thursday,  went  to  New  Jersey.  Friday,  visited  my  parents.  Saturday, 
back  to  New  York.  Sunday,  6,  preached  three  times  in  Mr.  Gano's  pulpit,  from  Jere 
miah  31  :  20,  Jeremiah  3  :  22,  and  Revelation  1  :  7.  Monday,  Tuesday  and  Wednes 
day,  among  my  friends.  Thursday  evening,  preached  in  Mr.  Gano's  pulpit  from  Ezekiel 
47  :  8.  Friday,  went  to  New  Jersey.  Saturday,  at  my  brothers.  Sunday,  13, 
preached  three  times  at  Lion's  Farms,  from  Jeremiah  3  :  22,  Jeremiah  31  :  20,  and 
Revelation  1:7.  Monday,  at  Connecticut  Farms.  Tuesday,  preached  at  Short  Hill, 
fioin  John  15  :  10.  After  service  went  to  my  father's,  where  I  preached  Thursday 
evening  from  John  7  :  37.  Friday,  at  my  father's.  Saturday,  19,  went  to  Newark. 
Sunday,  20,  preached  three  sermons  in  the  Lion's  Farms  Baptist  meeting  house,  from 
Malachi  4  :  2,  and  Philemon  1  :  21.  Monday,  21,  preached  at  the  Scotch  Plains 
Baptist  meeting  house,  from  1st  Corinthians  9  :  24.  Tuesday,  22,  went  to  New  York. 
Wednesday,  23,  preached  in  Mr.  Gano's  church  in  the  evening,  from  Revelation  2  : 17. 
Thursday,  went  to  my  brother  Jeremiah's,  Connecticut  Farms,  and  there  tarried  until 
Saturday,  when  I  went  to  New  York.  Sunday,  27,  preached  three  times  in  Mr. 
Gano's  pulpit,  from  Job  23  :  3-4,  and  Romans  9  :  33.  Monday,  set  out  for  Haveihill. 
Lodged  the  night  at  Mr.  Dehart's,  on  Long  Island.  Tuesday  night,  lodged  at  Mr. 
Smith's.  Wedneday,  30,  went  to  Southhold,  and  preached  a  sermon  at  John  Sirnm's, 
from  Matthew  22  :  42  Thursday,  went  to  Sterling,  and  there  tarried  the  night. 
Friday,  JUNE  1,  went  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lee's,  at  Oyster  Pond.  Preached  in  the 
ever  ing  at  his  house  from  1st  Corinthians  9  :  24.  Saturday,  crossed  the  Ferry  to 
New  London.  Sunday,  3,  preached  in  Mr.  Woodbridge's  meeting  house  from  Romans 
5:1;  in  the  Poor  House  from  Luke  5  :  31  ;  and  in  the  Court  House  from  1st 
Corinthians  9  :  24.  Monday,  4,  went  to  Providence ;  lodged  two  nights  at  Mr. 
JSicholas  Brown's.  Tuesday,  5,  in  the  evening  preached  in  Mr.  Winsor's  meeting 
house  from  Revelation  1:7.  Wednesday,  went  to  Charlestown,  and  lodged  at  Mr. 
Brown's.  Thursday,  went  to  Capt.  White's,  in  Methaven.  Friday,  8,  went  home 
to  Haverhill,  and  found  things  in  quietness.  Rejoiced  to  see  my  good  friends,  to 
whose  souls  I  long  to  be  of  service. 


220  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

From  the  foregoing  diary,  it  appears  that  Mr.  Smith  was 
absent  from  his  home  two  hundred  and  fifty  days,  and  that 
during  this  period  he  preached  just  one  hundred  times.  The 
following  letter  from  the  Rev.  Oliver  Hart,  shows  how  he  was 
received,  and  the  manner  in  which  he  performed  the  duties  of 
his  mission : — 

CHARLESTON,  April  17,  1770. 

DEAR  MR.  MANNING:  —  As  our  good  friend,  Mr.  Smith,  is  now  almost  ready  to 
embark  for  your  northern  clime,  I  embrace  the  opportunity  of  sending  you  a  few  lines, 
which  I  hope  you  will  accept  as  a  superaddcd  token  of  my  unfeigned  regard.  I  am 
sorry  Mr.  Smith  is  obliged  to  leave  us  so  soon.  His  labors  have  been  acceptable  to 
my  people  universally,  and  many  others  have  constantly  crowded  to  hear  him.  Some, 
I  trust,  have  received  advantage  by  his  faithful  preaching.  Two  young  men  were  to 
see  him  last  night  under  soul  concern.  May  the  good  work  be  carried  on  in  their 
hearts,  and  may  we  yet  hear  of  many  more  being  awakened  to  a  sense  of  their  lost  state 
by  nature.  As  to  his  endeavors  to  serve  the  College,  they  have  been  indefatigable, 
and  his  success  has  been  more  than  equal  to  what  could  have  been  expected,  all  things 
considered.  I  am  sure  he  has  merited  the  grateful  acknowledgments  of  the  Corpora 
tion.  No  man  could  have  done  more,  and  few  would  have  done  so  much  as  he  has, 
to  serve  the  Institution.  He  has  met  with  much  opposition,  and  borne  many  reflec 
tions,  but  none  of  these  things  have  discouraged  him.  I  heartily  wish  the  benefactions 
of  this  province  may  greatly  promote  the  welfare  of  the  College.  Great  grace  be 
with  you. 

I  am  yours,  etc.,  OLIVER  HART. 

The  document,  of  which  the  following  is  an  exact  title,  is 
among  the  archives  of  the  University.  It  gives  not  only  the 
names  of  benefactors,  with  the  several  amounts  subscribed,  but 
also  the  names  of  others  upon  whom  Mr.  Smith  called,  with 
remarks  added,  such  as,  "No  money,"  "Doubtful,"  "Probable," 
"Call  again,"  "Out  of  town,"  "Go  thy  way  for  this  time,"  etc.,  etc. 
These  latter  names,  which  constitute  the  bulk  of  the  document, 
are  here  omitted  for  want  of  room.  The  original  paper  from 
which  the  document  in  question  was  carefully  copied,  in  the 
hand-writing  of  Mr.  Smith,  has  recently  been  presented  to  the 
University,  by  the  Rev.  Ebenezer  Thresher,  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  a 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


221 


graduate  in  the  class  of  1827.     It  is  a  small  duodecimo  manu 
script  of  twenty-six  pages,  and  bears  the  marks  of  age  and  use  :  — 

AN  EXACT  LIST  OF    BENEFACTIONS,   ETC.,  TO  THE    RlIODE  ISLAND    COLLEGE,    COLLECTED 
AND  GOT  SUBSCRIBED  IN  SoUTII  CAROLINA  AND  GEORGIA,  BY  HnZEKIAII  SMITH. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. —  CHARLESTON. 

[South  Carolina  Currency,  £       s. 

Hon.  Wm.  Bull,  Lieut-Gov.,  -  50  0 
Hon.  Otlmiel  Beal,  Member  of 

the  Council,      -  -     25    4 

Hon.  Peter  Manigault,  Speaker,  50  8 
Gabriel  Manigault,  Esq.,  -  10016 
David  Grrcme,  Esq.,  -  50  0 

Barnard  Elliott,  Esq.,  -  -  100  0 
Christopher  Gadsden,  Esq.,  20  0 

Col.  Henry  Laurens,  -  -  50  8 
Hopkin  Price,  -  25  4 

John  Hodsden,       -  -     50    0 

Thomas  Lamboll,  Esq.,  -  17  0 
Col.  Probet  Howarth,  -  -  12  12 
Thomas  Farr,  -  7  7 

Rebekah  Holmes,   -  -     10    0 

William  Burrows,  Esq. ,  Master 

in  Chancery,     - 
Rev.  Mr.  Emly, 
Alexander  Perronneau,  - 
Capt.  Thomas  Tucker, 
Thomas  Young, 
Stephen  Townsend, 
Justinus  Stoll, 


ency 


12  12 
11  10 
5  15 
0 

0 
7 
o 
o 
0 
0 
0 
0 


10 
25 

7 

50 
50 
10 
5 
5 
5 


Thomas  Screven, 
Tchabod  At  well, 
Oliver  Cromwell, 
James  Johnson, 
Charles  Crouch, 

David  Williams,  -         -         -  126    0 

Judith  Ball,        -  8    5 

James  Phillips,  -                  -     30    0 

Wm.  Edwards,  one  Bridle,             5    0 

James  Richards,  -                  -       5    0 

Samuel  Cords,    -  5    0 
Doct.  John  De  Lahoe,    -         -100 

Susanna  Walker,  1  10 

Sarah  Lessene,  -                  -       1     0 

George  Cooke,    -  50 


£      s.   d. 

5    0  0 
10    0  0 
820 
0 


[South  Carolina  curr 

Elisha  Poinsett,  - 
Brailsford  &  Muncreeff,  - 
Simmons  &  Co., 

Leger  &  Co.,  -       5  15 

Francis  Gutter,  -  500 

Major  Fuller,  -     12  12 

Matthias  Hutchinson,  -  413 
Solomon  Legare, 
Francis  Nicholson,       - 
Benjamin  Wish,      - 

Israel  Joseph,     -  300 

Michael  Lazarus,     -  1  10  0 

Barnard  Young,  100 

Thomas  Eustace,    -  -       1     0  0 

Milchar  Warley,  5150 

Bulliott,  10  0 

John  Laughton,  500 

Stephen  Devall,      -  7    7  0 

William  Clarkson,       -  1  12  0 

Edward  Dempsey,  -     12  12  0 

Mrs.  Kinlock,    -  426 

Benjamin  Warring,  -     25     0  0 

Jeremiah  Theus,  500 

Elizabeth  Coon,      -  -     12  12  0 

Robert  Sherman,  10     00 

John  Boyd,   -  -     10    2  0 

Charles  S.  Stocker,     -  770 

Charles  Reily,  -     12  12  0 

Charles  Grimball,        -  50    0  0 

Patrick  Hinds,       -         -  -     50    0  0 

William  Millar,  12  12  0 

Robert  Clarke,        -  -       5     0  0 

William  Creighton,      -  2  17  6 

John  Fullarton,      -  -       8  17  0 
GEORGIA. 

[Sterling,  £       s.   d. 

Doct.  Stout,  of  Sunbury,  -     10    0  0 
His  Excellency  James  Wright,       500 

Hon.  James  Habersham,      -  200 

Rev.  John  Joachim  Zubly,  -     1000 


222 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


£ 
1 

5 

10 

20 

5 

10 

15 

5 

,  5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 


[Sterling 

Capt.  James  Habcrsham,  paid, 

"  "    subscribed, 

John  Stirk,    - 
Benjamin  Stirk, 
Doct.  James  Cuthbert,    - 
Hon.  Jona.  "Bryan,  Esq., 
James  Devereaux,  Ass't  Judge, 
Lachlum  McGilvery,   - 
Hon.  Noble  VVimberly  Jones,  Tr. 
Rev.  Samuel  Frink, 
Philip  Box,  Esq., 
Matthew  Roach,  Esq.,     - 
James  Mossman, 
John  Rae,  Esq.,     - 
John  Smith,  Esq., 
William  Spencer,    - 
William  Gibbons, 
Benjamin  Andrews, 
John  Stophins, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. — HILTON  HEAD. 

[South  Carolina  currency 

Capt.  Samuel  Green, 

Lieut.  Thomas  Bull,    - 

Ensign  Daniel  Savage,    - 

Sergeant  Philimon  Parmenter, 

Isaac  Parmenter, 

Benjamin  Parmenter, 

John  Parmenter,  Sen., 

Jacob  Neal,  - 

Francis  Martin  Angele, 

Richard  Bland, 

Thomas  Scott,     - 

Henry  Toomer, 

Lancelot  Bland, 

John  Gregory, 

James  Welsh,     - 

Philip  Martin  Angele,     - 

Merideth  Rich, 

Dominick  Johnson, 

EUTAW. 

Col.  Daniel  Hcyward, 
Capt.  William  Hazzard, 
John  Grimball,  - 

CHARLESTON. 
William  Cuttins,     - 
James  Brisbane, 


I  [South  Carolina  currency,  £ 

!  Charles  Atkins,  -  -  10 

I  Plowden  Wcston,  -  10 

!  John  Beal,  -  -  3 

!  Richard  Burhloe,  3 

;  John  Gowrlay  -  5 

I  James  Hinds,  -  5 

I  Rebeckah  Tubbs,  -  -  2 

|  Doct.  Isaac  Chandler,  3 

!  Abraham  Walcutt,  Hilton  Head,  5 

Matthew  Witter,  of  James  Island,  5 

!  John  Rivers,  "  "  10 

j  Isaac  Rivers,  "  "  15 

Henry  Smith,  Esq..  Goose  Creek,  20 


,  jt; 

s.   d. 

3:5 

0    0 

7 

9  0 

5 

0  0 

5 

0  0 

10 

0  0 

2 

0  0 

5 

0  0 

3 

2  0 

3 

0  0 

5 

0  0 

5 

0  0 

2 

0  0 

3 

0  0 

3 

0  0 

1 

11  0 

1 

0  0 

3 

0  0 

3 

0  0 

20 

20 

5 


0 
n 
15 

0 
0 


Thomas  Rivers,  Jr., 
William  Bee,  Pon  Pon, 

Thomas  Jones,  Horse  Shoe, 
|  Josiah  Pendarvis,     "       "     - 
i  Samuel  Boswood,  Pon  Pon,     - 
|  Ezekiel  Branford,     " 
|  John  Bulline,  Stono, 

William  Bulline,  " 

Robert  and  Sarah  Cattle,     - 

Capt.  I.  Ladson,  Ashley  River, 

Susanna  Ballantine,  Stono, 

John  Morris, 

Doct.  John  Harrison, 

GEORGETOWN. 
i  Joseph  Brown,    - 
j  Samuel  Wragg, 
|  John  Dickey, 
!  William  Dewett,     - 

PivDEE. 

I  Jehu  Williams,       - 

Alexander  Mackintosh,  Esq., 

John  Chiisolme, 
.  Richard  Raines,  Black  Swamp, 

Claudius  Pegues,  Esq.,  - 
I  Thomas  Williams, 
!  William  Pegues.     - 
|  Thomas  Wade,  Esq., 

John  Jenkins, 

Ely  Kershaw,     - 

Thomas  Lide, 

Benjamin  Rogers, 
I  Philip  Pledger,  Esq., 
I  George  Hicks,    - 
1  Sarah  James, 


50 
10 

7 

25 
10 
10 
15 

7 

20 
20 

*> 

4-j 

12 

50 

3 
12 

o 


S.  (i. 

0  0 

0  0 
13  6 

0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 

13  6 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
7  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
7  0 

13  0 
0  0 
0  0 

12  0 
0  0 

2  0 

12  0 

2  0 

0  0 


100 

0  0 

25 

0  0 

3 

2  0 

G 

4  0 

25 

0  0 

10 

0  0 

20 

0  0 

8 

2  0 

1 

7  0 

25 

4  0 

5 

15  0 

20 

0  0 

5 

15  0 

20 

0  0 

12 

12  0 

EAELY    SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


223 


[South  Carolina  currency,  £ 
5 
1 

22 
20 
7 

10 
5 
5 
5 

25 
12 
20 
1 

15 
10 
25 


Hugh  Dillon,      - 

Magnus  Cargill, 

Rev.  Nicholas  Bedgegood,  - 

William  Dewitt,      - 

John  Mackintosh, 

Howell  James, 

William  Tarral, 

Abel  Edwards, 

William  James, 

Thomas  Evans, 

Thomas  James,  - 

Arthur  Hart, 

John  Da  vies, 

Thomas  Edwards. 

Charles  McCall,      - 

John  Kimborough, 

James  Dozer,  -       5 

Rev.  Evan  Pugh,        -  5 

Manuel  Cox,  -        1 

Samuel  Russel,  - 

Robert  Lide,  -       1 

Martin  Cobb,      -  5 

Benjamin  James,    -  -       1 

Thomas  Wiggins  1 

James  Thomson,  Swift  Creek,       25 

Charles  Dewett,  10 

Lewis  Perkin,  Swift  Creek,     -       5 

Robert  Thomson,      "  5 

John  Chisnut,  Camden,  -     12 

Capt.  Isaac  Ross,   "  5 

C apt.  John  Canty,  "         -         -       5 

Benjamin  Hart,  Wateree,     -          16 

Capt.  Henry  Hunter,  "  7 

Joseph  Kirkland,         "  5 

Thomas  Sumter,    Santee,          -     10 

Doct.  Joseph  Howard,  "  7 

Anthony  Pouney,  -  -     20 


S.     (I. 

0  0 

11  0 

1  0 
0  0 
7  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 

12  0 
0  0 

10  0 
0  0 
0  0 
4  0 
0  0 
0  0 


CHARLESTON. 

[South  Carolina  currency,  £      d.   s. 

a  10  8 


20 
20 
10 
20 
10 
5 


14  14  0 


11 
11 


0  0 


0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

12  0 

15  0 

15  0 

9  4 

0  0 

15  0 

0  0 

7  0 

0  0 


Hon.  Joseph  Kershaw.  Camden, 

Moses  Lindo, 

John  Savage,  Esq., 

Doct.  John  Swint, 

Nathaniel  Fuller,  Ashley  River, 

John  Screveu,  James  Island, 

William  Axson,  Jr., 

William  Morgan, 

Josiah  Smith,  Jr., 

Susanna  Baddeley, 

Daniel  Stephens,     - 

Joseph  Marrion, 

William  Fitch,  Sen., 

William  Fitch,  Jr.,      - 

Augustine  Stillman, 

Capt.  James  Matthews,  of  Boig 

Sally,       - 

Torrans,  Poaug  &  Co., 
Joseph  Creighton, 

SUMMARY. 
Charleston, 
Hilton  Head,    - 
Eutaw, 
Georgetown, 
Pedee, 
Georgia  £147    15s.   sterling, 

equal  in  S.  C.  currency  to  1,034    5 


0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 


25 
3 
5 
5 

20 
10 
10 


0  0 
2  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 


3  13  6 

10    0  0 

-       3  10  0 

1,841  16  2 


100  2  0 
45  15  0 
18  16  0 

640    3  4 


0 


Total, 


3,680  17   6 


Received  in  South  Carolina,    2,136  10  6 


Georgia,     - 

Total,  - 

Balance  due  in  S.  Carolina, 
"     Georgia, 

Total,  - 


227  10  0 

2,364  0  6 
510  2  0 
806  15  0 

1,316  17~0 


1769.  November  20,  remitted  to  Rev.  John  Gano,  bill  of  exchange  on 
Lawrence  Kortright,  merchant  in  New  York,  drawn  by  Savage  & 

Legare,  £200  New  York  money,  which  is  -      £800    0    0 

1770.  January  4,  remitted  to  Rev.  Samuel  Stillman,  bill  of  exchange 
on  Thomas  Russell,  merchant  in  Boston,  drawn  by  Torrans,  Poaug 

&  Co.,  £40  sterling,  which  is  280    0    0 

1770.    February  8,  ditto,  bill  of  exchange  on  Nathaniel  Coffin,  Esq.,  in 

Boston,  drawn  by  John  Morris,  Esq.,  £50  sterling,  which  is  350    0      0 


224  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

1770.  March  30,  remitted  to  Rev.  John  Gano,  bill  of  exchange  on 
Lawrence  Kortright,  merchant  in  New  York,  drawn  by  Sav.-ige  & 
Legare,  '2 14 1  dollars,  which  is  -  £332  5  7} 

1770.  April  2,  ditto,  bill  of  exchange  on  Messrs.  Greg,  Cunningham 
&  Co.,  merchants  in  New  York,  drawn  by  Torrans,  Poaug  &  Co., 
£75  sterling,  which  is  -  525  0  0 

Total  amount  remitted,  2,287    5     7£ 

Hezekiah  Smith  to  account  for 761410} 


Total  received,    -  2,364    0    G 

Total  amount  subscribed,        -  -     3,680  17     6 

John  Alran,  Pedee,  500 

Gid.  Gibson,      "  20    0    0 

John  Hitchcock," 500 


Total,  South  Carolina  currency,  -  £3,710  17    6 

The  following  is  a  true  copy  of  what  was  inserted  in  the 
South  Carolina  newspapers: — 

The  subscriber  begs  leave,  in  this  public  manner,  gratefully  to  return  his  humble 
and  hearty  thanks  to  the  benefactors  of  Rhode  Island  College,  whom  he  has  met  with 
since  his  first  arrival  in  this  Province.  And  as  he  expects  to  leave  the  Province  soon, 
those  gentlemen  who  were  so  kind  as  to  promise  to  send  their  benefactions  for  the  Col 
lege  to  him,  at  Rev.  Oliver  Hart's,  may  now  have  an  opportunity  before  his  departure. 

HEZKKIAH  SMITH. 

N.  B.  I  shall  leave  a  list  of  the  subscribers  names,  together  with  their  benefactions, 
in  the  hands  of  Mr.  David  Williams.  So  that  each  benefactor  may  hereafter  see  that 
his  donation  goes  towards  making  up  the  sum  I  have  collected  since  my  arrival  here. 

Here  follows  a  copy  of  what  was  inserted  in  the  Georgia 
GAZETTE:  — 

Hezekiah  Smith,  sensible  of  the  kindness  he  met  with  when  in  Georgia,  begs  leave 
to  present  his  sincere  thanks  to  the  benefactors  of  Rhode  Island  College  in  that  place ; 
any  of  whom,  by  applying  to  Benjamin  Stirk,  Esq  ,  (in  whose  hands  is  lodged  the 
subscription  paper,)  may  see  that  his  donation  goes  towards  making  up  the  sum  he 
collected  and  got  subscribed  there. 

The  following,  which  we  take  from  a  Charleston  paper,  dated 
October  26,  1769,  does  not  appear  to  be  mentioned  in  this  inter 
esting  document  of  Mr.  Smith's  :  — 


EARLY     SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


225 


Tn  the  sloop  Sally,  Capt.  Peter  Schermerhorn,  from  New  York,  who  arrived  here 
last  Friday,  came  no  less  than  forty-five  passengers;  amongst  them,  John  Smith,  Esq., 
and  Mrs.  Smith,  of  New  York ;  Capt,  Elijah  Steel,  Mr.  Thomas  Ivors,  of  this  place ; 
and  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  who,  we  hear,  is  commissioned  to  solicit  benefactions 
towards  establishing  a  College  at  Warren,  in  Rhode  Island  Government,  while  such  a 
necessary  institution  is  entirely  neglected  here.  Surely,  charity  should  begin  at  home. 

The  account  submitted  by  Mr.  Smith  to  the  Corporation,  at  a 
meeting  held  in  Providence,  Thursday,  September  6,  1770,  is  as 
follows: — 


DR. 


RHODE  ISLAND  COLLEGE  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  HEZEKIAH  SMITH. 


1770.    April  17.    To  five  bills  of 

exchange  remitted  at  sundry 

times,         -         ...    2/287    5    7i 
To  £8  per  cent,  given  for  bill  of 

exchange  of  £30  sterling,pur- 

chased  of  Ambrose  Wright, 

in  Georgia,  £48  sterling,  16  16    0 

To  my  necessary  expenses,  as 

per  account,  added,    -         -       208  12    6 
To   cash    gained    upon   a   bill 

drawn  upon  Lawrence  Kort- 

right,  in  New  York,  of  214§ 

dollars,      -         -         -         -         10  14    4^ 


2,523    8    6 


To  balance  due  H.   Smith,  as 

per  contra,          -         -         -      £29  13 


7i 


1770.    April  17.    By  cash  receiv 
ed  of  sundry  benefactors  in 
South  Carolina,   as   per  ac 
count  rendered,  -         -  2,136  10 
By  ditto,  received  in  Georgia,      227  10 
By   cash   gained    upon   a   bill 
drawn  upon  Lawrence  Ivort- 
right,  in  New  York,  of  214§ 
dollars,      - 

By  cash  received  upon  the  bills 
drawn  upon  Lawrence  Kort- 
right,  and  Messrs.  Greg,Cun- 
ningham  &  Co.,  in  N.  York, 
to  help  bear  my  expenses, 


10  14 


By  balance  due  H.  Smith, 


119    0    0 

2,493  14  10 
29  13    7 

£2,523    8    6 


Whereupon  it  was  voted  :  — 


That  the  accounts  presented  by  the  Rev.  EJezckiah  Smith,  of  the  donations  and 
subscriptions  by  him  received  in  the  provinces  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  be 
accepted,  and  that  the  Corporation  highly  approve  of  his  conduct,  and  return  him  their 
hearty  thanks  for  his  great  and  generous  services. 

Voted,  also,  that  as  Mr.  Smith  was  long  absent  from  bis  people,  in  the  service  of 
the  Corporation,  and  his  salary  during  that  time  would  have  amounted  to  sixty-six 
pounds  thirteen  shillings  and  four  pence,  that  the  Corporation  would  willingly  make 
up  the  sum  to  him,  but  as  he  generously  refuses  to  receive  anything  on  that  account 
more  than  a  remission  of  his  subscription  of  forty  dollars  to  the  College,  the  said 
29 


226  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

subscription  is  accordingly  remitted,  and  the  Corporation  gratefully  consider  the 
remainder  of  said  sum  which  he  would  have  received  for  his  salary,  as  a  donation  to 
the  Institution. 

Voted,  that  the  sum  of  twenty-nine  pounds  thirteen  shillings  and  seven  and  one- 
half  pence,  South  Carolina  currency,  due  the  llev.  Hezekiah  Smith  on  settlement  of 
his  account,  be  paid  him  out  of  the  Corporation  treasury. 

It  would  thus  appear  that  Mr.  Smith  succeeded  in  obtaining 
benefactions  for  the  College  to  the  amount  of  about  twenty-five 
hundred  dollars,  a  large  sum  of  money  at  that  early  period. 
While  the  forty-five  hundred  dollars  obtained  by  Mr.  Edwards 
was  constituted  a  permanent  fund  for  the  support  of  the  Presi 
dent,  the  money  obtained  by  Mr.  Smith  was  mostly  expended 
upon  the  College  buildings,  agreeably  to  a  suggestion  made  by 
Manning  in  his  letter  to  Nicholas  Brown,  published  in  the  preced 
ing  chapter.  See  pages  194-5.  This  we  infer  from  the  fact  that 
in  1775,  when  Col.  Bennet  resigned  his  office  as  Treasurer,  the 
permanent  funds  of  the  College  amounted  to  but  £1,349  14s  8d, 
lawful  money,  or  about  forty-five  hundred  dollars.  Only  a  small 
part  of  the  balance  of  subscriptions  due,  amounting,  according 
to  Mr.  Smith's  report,  to  £1,316  17s,  South  Carolina  currency, 
was  probably  ever  collected. 


ACCOUNT 


COLLEGE    BUILDINGS. 


177O-1862. 


UNIVERSITY     HALL. 

ERECTED    IN    1770. 

N  the  journal,  or  dairy  of  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  occurs 
the  first  mention  that  we  find  of  a  College  building.     Un 
der  date  of  September  5,  1765,  he  thus  writes:  — 

I  was  with  the  Corporation  at  Newport  which  sat  upon  the  College  business,  and 
was  elected  one  of  the  Fellows  of  the  College.  Although  but  part  of  the  Corporation, 
we  subscribed  nineteen  hundred  and  ninety-two  dollars  for  the  BUILDING,  and  for 
endowing  the  College. 

This,  it  will  be  observed,  was  at  the  second  annual  meeting 
of  the  Corporation.  The  following  extracts  from  the  records, 
relate  to  the  subject  before,  us :  — 


230  BKOWN     UNTVEKSITY. 

September  5,  1768.  The  Hon.  Josias  Lyndon,  Esq.,  the  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins, 
Esq.,  the  Hon.  Samuel  Ward,  Esq.,  the  President,  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq.,  Nicholas 
Brown,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  Russell  Mason,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  examine 
what  place  is  most  suitable  to  fix  the  College  edifice  upon,  and  to  make  report  to  the 
next  annual  meeting. 

This  Committee  reported  Thursday,  September  7, 1769,  where 
upon  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  foregoing  report  be  accepted.  Resolved,  That  Sylvester  Childs, 
Esq.,  Mr.  John  Brown,  Capt.  John  Warren,  and  Mr.  Nathan  Miller,  be  a  committee 
to  purchase  materials,  agree  for  a  suitable  place  to  erect  the  edifice  on,  to  take  a  deed 
for  the  same  in  behalf  of  the  Corporation,  and  to  carry  said  building  into  execution  as 
soon  as  they  can ;  and  that  any  three  of  them  be  a  quorum ;  and  that  they  be  empow 
ered  to  solicit  and  receive  subscriptions. 

September  8,  1769:  Resolved,  That  the  Hon.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Esq.,  Mr. 
Joseph  Brown,  and  the  Rev.  John  Davis,  be  a  committee  to  draught  instructions  and 
prepare  a  model  of  the  house  proposed  to  be  erected,  which,  if  approved  by  the  Corpo 
ration,  is  to  serve  as  directions  to  the  committee  appointed  to  carry  the  same  into 
execution. 

Resolved,  That  Archibald  Campbell,  Esq.,  be  added  to  the  committee  for  placing 
the  College  edifice. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  draft  instructions  and  prepare  a 
model,  etc.,  made  the  following  report: — 

1st.  That  a  suitable  place  be  procured  for  erecting  the  College  edifice  on  the  easiest 
terms ;  and  that  the  title  be  indisputable  ;  and  that  proper  and  sufficient  deeds  of 
conveyance  of  said  land  be  taken  for  the  Corporation. 

2d.  That  the  building  do  not  exceed  sixty-six  feet  long,  and  thirty-six  feet  wide, 
and  three  stories  high;  —  that  it  be  a  plain  building,  the  walls  of  best  bricks  and 
lime,  the  doors  and  window  frames  of  red  cedar ;  —  that  there  be  a  cupola  for  a  bell ;  — 
that  the  first  building  be  so  situated  as  to  be  one  wing  of  the  whole  College  edifice, 
when  completed. 

3d.  As  there  is  a  want  of  time  at  present,  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to 
furnish  the  committee  for  building  with  a  complete  draught  of  the  whole  building. 

4th.  That  the  committee  for  building  procure  the  best  materials,  on  the  best  and 
easiest  terms. 

5th.  That  the  committee  for  building  make  provision  this  year,  that  the  workmen 
may  begin  earlier  in  next. 

STEPHEN  HOPKINS,     JOSEPH  BROWN, 

September  8,  1769.  JOIIN  DAVIS 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  231 

The  foregoing  report  having  been  "read,  considered,  accepted 
and  agreed  to,"  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  Chancellor,  the  President,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Brown  be  a  committee 
to  prepare  a  complete  model  of  the  building,  according  to  the  report  of  the  aforesaid 
committee,  and  deliver  the  same  to  the  Committee  for  Building. 

Voted,  That  the  Committee  for  Building  be  empowered  to  draw  upon  the  Treas 
urer  for  money  from  time  to  time  to  carry  on  said  building,  and  that  they  render 
accounts  to  the  Corporation  at  each  of  their  meetings,  which  the  Secretary  is  hereby 
ordered  to  notify  successively  in  the  public  papers  for  three  weeks  before  their  meetings. 

Thursday,  November  16,  1769  :  Voted,  That  the  President,  Job  Bonnet,  Esq., 
Mr.  John  Brown,  Mr.  John  Warren,  and  Mr.  John  Jeuckes,  be  a  committee  to  fix  a 
suitable  place  for  building  the  edifice. 

Voted,  That  the  Chancellor,  Mr.  John  Brown,  Mr.  John  Warren,  and  Sylvester 
Child,  Esq.,  be  a  committee  to  carry  on  the  building  of  the  College  edifice;  and  that 
the  Treasurer  empower  the  said  committee  to  collect  all  such  sums  of  money  as  have 
been  or  shall  be  subsciibed  towards  carrying  on  said  building;  and  that  these  two  com 
mittees  ascertain  the  model  and  bigness  of  the  College  edifice,  and  also  the  house  for 
the  President,  and  make  report  of  their  doings  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Corporation. 

This,  it  will  be  observed,  was  before  the  final  decision  to  locate 
the  College  at  Providence.  On  Friday,  February  9,  1770,  the 
day  after  the  question  of  location  had  been  settled,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  College  edifice  be  built  according  to  the  following  plan,  viz.  : 
That  the  house  be  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long  and  forty-six  feet  wide,  with  a  pro 
jection  of  ten  feet  on  each  side,  (ten  by  thirty,)  and  that  it  be  four  stories  high. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  John  Jenckes  be  added  to  the  Committee  for  building  the 
College  edifice ;  and  that  any  three  of  them  be  a  quorum,  with  power  to  act. 

The  gentlemen  appointed  for  carrying  on  the  building,  or  in 
other  words  the  Building  Committee,  consisting  of  Stephen  Hop 
kins.  John  Brown,  John  Warren,  Sylvester  Child,  and  John 
Jenckes,  "appeared,"  says  the  record,  "before  the  Corporation, 
and  generously  offered  to  do  the  same  without  charging  any 
commissions  therefor." 

The  President  declined  to  be  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
locating  the  building,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Russell  was  appointed  in 


232  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

his  stead.  This  committee,  therefore,  consisted  of  Joseph  Russell, 
Job  Bennet,  John  Brown,  John  Warren  and  John  Jenckes.  The 
lot  selected  for  the  building  comprised  originally  about  eight  acres, 
and  included  a  portion  of  the  "  home-lot"  of  Chad  Brown,  whom 
the  late  Moses  Brown  designates  as  "  the  first  Baptist  Elder  in 
Rhode  Island."  It  was  for  this  reason  purchased  through  the 
agency  of  the  Brown  family,  in  order  that  the  College  might 
stand  on  the  "  original  house-lot  or  home-share,  so  called,"  of  their 
pious  ancestor.*  The  following  extract  from  the  Record  of  Deeds, 
Book  19,  page  108,  will  be  found  interesting.  It  presents  a  clear 
and  accurate  account  of  the  southern  half  of  the  original  College 
lands:  — 

To  ALL  PEOPLE  TO  WHOM  THESE  PRESENTS  SHALL  COME  :  We,  J -tliu  Brown  and 
Moses  Brown,  both  of  Providence,  in  the  County  of  Providence  and  Colony  of  Rhode 
Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  merchants,  send  greeting:  —  Know  yo,  that  we, 
the  said  John  and  Moses  Brown,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  three  hundred 
and  thirty  dollars,  to  us  in  hand  already  paid  by  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  the 
College  or  University  in  the  English  Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Planta 
tions  in  New  England  in  America,  the  receipt  whereof,  by  a  discount  out  of  the  sums 
we  have  severally  subscribed  to  the  College,  we  do  hereby  acknowledge,  have  given, 
granted,  bargained,  sold,  aliened,  enfeoffed,  conveyed,  and  confirmed,  and  by  these 
presents  do  give,  grant,  sell,  alien,  convey,  and  confirm  unto  said  Trustees  and  Fel 
lows,  and  to  their  successors  and  assigns  forever,  one  certain  piece  or  parcel  of  land 
lying  in  the  town  of  Providence,  bounded  *  *  which  said  piece  of  land  contains 

about  four  acres,  and  became  the  property  of  us,  said  Moses  and  John  Brown,  by  a 
deed  of  bargain  and  sale  from  Samuel  Former,  of  Cranston,  who  received  it  as  one  of 
the  legatees  of  Daniel  Abbott,  Esq.,  late  of  said  Providence,  deceased,  who  received 
the  northerly  third  part  thereof  from  his  father,  Daniel  Abbott,  by  descent,  who  pur 
chased  the  same  of  James  Brown,  who  received  it  of  his  brother  John  Brown,  the 
present  grantor's  great-grandfather,  who  received  it  by  descent  from  his  father  Chad 
Brown,  who  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  after  the  native  Indians  of  whom  it 
was  purchased,  and  is  the  middle  part,  of  that  which  was  his  house-lot  or  home-share 
of  land  so  called  ;  the  other  two-thirds  being  the  middle  part  of  the  original  house-lot 
or  home-share  of  George  Rickard,  since  called  John  Warner's,  which  part  was  con- 

*Seo  Mr.  Brown's  letter  to  President  Way  land,  page  207. 


COLLEGE    BUILDINGS.  233 

veyed  by  the  said  Rickard  to  the  said  Chad  Brown,  from  whom  it  descended  to  his 
aforesaid  son  John,  who  conveyed  it  to  his  brother  Jeremiah  Brown,  who  conveyed  the 
same  to  the  aforesaid  Daniel  Abbott,  the  elder,  from  whom  it  descended  to  Daniel 
Abbott,  the  younger,  and  became  Samuel  Fenner's  as  aforesaid  :  the  whole  of  this 
piece  of  land  making  the  southern  half  of  the  lot  and  highway  leading  to  it  whereon 
the  College  edifice  is  now  erecting. 

The  foregoing  deed  was  signed  August  1,  1770,  by  John 
Brown  and  his  wife  Sarah,  Moses  Brown  and  his  wife  Anna,  and 
Stephen  Hopkins,  Chief  Justice.  It  was  recorded  January  7, 
1771.  The  northern  half  of  the  lot,  consisting  of  about  four 
acres,  was  purchased  by  the  Corporation,  as  per  deed  recorded  in 
Book  19,  page  106,  of  Oliver  Bowen,  of  Providence,  one  of  the 
legatees  of  Daniel  Abbott,  for  the  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars. 
Mr.  Abbott,  says  the  record, 

Took  it  by  descent  from  his  father  Daniel  Abbott,  who  received  two-thirds  part  of 
it,  being  on  the  north  side,  from  Robert  Williams,  by  deed  of  gift,  who  purchased  it 
by  deed  of  bargain  and  sale  of  Robert  Morrice,  who  purchased  it  of  Daniel  Abbott  the 
first,  who  was  an  original  proprietor  after  the  native  Indians.  The  other  third  part 
the  second  named  Daniel  Abbott  purchased,  by  deed  of  bargain  and  sale,  from  his 
brother  John  Brown,  who  took  it  by  descent  from  his  father  Chad  Brown,  who  was  the 
first  proprietor  after  the  Indians,  the  whole  of  this  parcel  of  land  making  the  northern 
half  of  the  lot  and  highway  leading  to  it,  which  hath  been  purchased  to  erect  the 
College  edifice  upon. 

It  will  thus  appear  that  Chad  Brown  owned  two-thirds  of  the 
original  College  grounds.  The  "highway"  leading  from  Benefit 
street  to  the  lot,  is  now  College  street.  Mr.  Edwards  describes 
the  location  as  "  remarkably  airy,  healthful,  and  pleasant ;  being 
the  summit  of  a  hill  pretty  easy  of  ascent,  and  commanding  a 
prospect  of  the  town  of  Providence  below,  of  the  Narragansett 
Bay  and  the  islands,  and  of  an  extensive  country,  variegated  with 
hills  and  dales,  woods  and  plains,"  etc.  Surely,  he  adds,  "this  spot 
was  made  for  a  seat  of  the  Muses." 

The  plan  or  "model"  adopted  by  the  Building  Committee  and 
approved  by  the  Corporation,  was  that  of  NASSAU  HALL,  Princeton, 

30 


234  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

which  was  then  regarded  as  one  of  the  finest  structures  in  the 
country.  They  broke  ground  on  Tuesday,  March  27,  1770,  and 
on  the  14th  of  May  following,  the  corner  stone  of  the  new  edifice 
was  laid  by  John  Brown.  This,  Mr.  Howland  states,  was  the  first 
one  laid  in  the  foundation,  at  the  bottom  of  the  cellar  wall,  in  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  building.  Tradition  adds  that  Mr.  Brown, 
in  accordance  with  the  customs  of  the  times,  generously  treated 
the  crowd  with  punch,  in  honor  of  the  joyful  occasion.  The 
progress  of  the  building  was  greatly  accelerated  by  the  disturb 
ances  in  Boston  and  the  consequent  interruptions  of  business, 
enabling  the  Committee  to  secure  from  that  place  an  ample  sup 
ply  of  skillful  workmen. 

President  Manning,  in  writing  to  his  friend  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sten- 
nett,  of  London,  under  date  of  June  7,  1770,  thus  describes  the 
edifice :  "  The  foundation  of  the  College  is  now  laid,  and  the 
building  proceeds  faster  than  could  have  been  expected,  its  mag 
nitude  considered,  which  is  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  forty-six 
feet,  with  a  projection  in  the  middle  of  ten  feet  on  each  side  (east 
and  west  sides,  ten  by  thirty-three  feet)  for  the  public  rooms.  It 
is  to  be  four  stories  high,  with  an  entry  of  twelve  feet  through  the 
middle  of  each,  and  is  to  be  built  of  brick.  It  will  contain  fifty- 
six  rooms  in  all.  The  town  of  Providence  itself  has  nearly  pro 
vided  for  the  building,  as  they  have  raised  by  subscription  near 
four  thousand  pounds,  lawful  money,  at  six  shillings  per  dollar. 
The  beneficence  of  a  few  Baptists  in  this  place,  their  fortunes 
considered,  is  almost  unparalleled." 

Continuing  our  extracts  from  the  records  we  find  :  — 

Thursday,  April  26,  1770:  Voted,  That  Joseph  Russell,  David  Harris,  Esq., 
and  Mr.  Daniel  Tillinghast,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  be  a  committee  to  hire  a  suita 
ble  habitation  for  the  President  in  Providence,  until  one  can  be  built  for  him,  and  that 
it  be  at  the  charge  of  the  Corporation. 

Thursday,  September  6,  1770:  Voted,  That  the  Corporation  do  approve  of 
what  the  Committee  for  building  the  College  and  the  President's  House  have  done 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  235 

in  that  business :  —  That  they  be  empowered  to  continue  to  carry  on  said  buildings  in 
the  best  manner  they  can  :  —  That  they  be  empowered  to  cause  the  stones  on  the  Col 
lege  lands  to  be  made  into  wall,  to  fill  up  the  holes  from  whence  said  stones  were 
dug,  and  to  move  and  repair  the  barn  on  said  land,  and  to  make  such  other  improve 
ments  thereon  as  to  them  may  appear  to  be  necessary. 

Thursday,  September  5,  1771  :     The  following  report,  with  the  annexed  state  of 
accounts,  was  presented  to  the  Corporation  :  — 

DR.  THE  COLLEGE  IN  ACCOUNT  WITH  NICHOLAS  BROWN  &  Co.  CR. 

1771.    March  11.    To  sundry  sup 


plies,  as  per  annexed  account,  £2,844  5  83 


£2,844  5 


1771.    March  11.    By  sundry  sub 
scriptions    received    as    per 
account  rendered,      -         -     £2,121  4  10 
By  balance  due  to  N.  B.  &  Co.       623  0  5£ 


£2,844  5  3i 


We,  the  subscribers,  being  appointed  by  the  Corporation  of  the  College,  at  their 
meeting  in  April  last,  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Committee  for  building  said 
College  — 

Have,  in  obedience  to  said  order,  carefully  examined  their  respective  accounts,  with 
the  several  vouchers  thereto  annexed  ;  and  we  find  a  balance  from  the  subscribers  for 
building  said  College  due  to  Nicholas  Brown  &  Co.,  of  six  hundred  and  twenty-three 
pounds  five  pence  and  one  farthing,  lawful  money,  agreeably  to  the  above  account 
current. 

And  here  upon  this  occasion,  we  think  it  our  duty  to  inform  all  the  benefactors  to 
this  Institution,  that  the  materials  for  said  College,  appear  to  us  to  have  been  purchased, 
collected,  and  put  together  with  good  judgment,  prudence  and  economy ;  and  that  this 
Committee,  for  their  great  application,  disinterestedness  and  activity,  are  justly  entitled 
to  the  thanks  of  every  one  who  wishes  well  to  so  arduous  and  important  an  undertaking. 

NICHOLAS  COOKE,  DARIUS  SESSIONS, 

Providence,  March  11,1771.  J°SEI>"  RcSSEbL' 

Which  report,  being  read,  was  universally  accepted  and  ordered  to  be  recorded. 

Ordered,  That  the  Secretary  give  a  fair  copy  of  the  above  report  to  each  of  the 
Committee  for  purchasing  materials  and  building  said  College,  as  a  testimony  of  their 
entire  approbation  of  their  conduct. 

The  Hon.  Nicholas  Cooke,  Hon.  Darius  Sessions  and  Mr.  Joseph  Russell  are 
continued  a  committee  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Building  Committee  from  time  to 
time  as  shall  be  thought  necessary,  with  the  understanding  that  they  report  to  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Corporation. 

Up  to  March  11,  1771,  the  amount  expended  on  the  College 
edifice  and  the  President's  house,  for  the  two  buildings  were 


236  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

carried  on  together,  and  included  in  the  subscriptions,  was,  as  has 
already  been  stated,  two  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-four 
pounds,  five  shillings  three  and  one-quarter  pence,  lawful  money, 
equal  to  about  nine  thousand  four  hundred  and  eighty  dollars. 
The  original  account  of  "sundry  supplies"  furnished  by  Nicholas 
Brown  &  Co.,  including  all  moneys  expended  by  the  Building 
Committee,  is  exceedingly  full  and  minute,  filling  sixteen  pages 
of  folio  ledger  paper.  Some  of  the  items  may  interest  the  gen 
eral  reader  as  well  as  the  antiquarian.  They  illustrate  the  pro 
gress  of  the  buildings,  and  throw  light  on  the  habits  and  customs 
of  our  fathers : — 

1770.  Jan.  1.  To  cash  paid  Robert  Currie,  for  passage  of  Joseph  Brown, 
Jonathan  Hamman,  and  Zeph.  Andrews  to  Cambridge, 
to  view  the  colleges,  12  dollars,  -  -  £3  12  0 

"     To  cash,  Joseph  Brown  paid  the  expenses  in  said  journey,      216    0 
"  "To  John  and  Moses  Brown's  horses  to  Samuel  Former's  to 

purchase  the  lot  for  the  College,  and  from  thence  to 
Jonathan  Randall,  Esq.,  and  then  to  Fenner's  again, 
in  all  seven  miles,  5  3 

"  "To  John  Brown's  horse  and  ferriage  to  Elisha  Burr's,  in 

Rehoboth,  to  contract  for  brick,  nine  miles,  3    7 

"  "To  Nicholas  Brown's  horse  to  Jeremiah  Williams,         -  1     6 

"     To  cash  paid  for  the  postage  of  a  letter  to  the  Corporation,  1     6 

1770.  April  2.  To  cash,   Zeph.    Andrews   paid   for  expenses  in  Boston, 

besides  what  Joseph  Brown  paid,       -  15     01 

7.  To  postage  of  a  letter  from  the  Architect  of  Philadelphia,  1     4 

17.  To  paid  Wm.  Compton  for  calling  a  meeting  of  the  sub 
scribers,  -  20 
"     To  paid  ditto  for  his  attendance  at  a  meeting  at  the  Court 

House,  and  bill,      -  3    0 

"  "To  refuge  boards  judged  by  Hamman  to  be  worth,  to  stick 

boards  on,  etc.,       -  40 

"     To  one-quarter  load  of  wood  of  N.  B.  to  lay  boards  on,  10 

"     May  17.  To  3  qts.  mm  allowed  Cole  &  John  Jenckes,  1     8 

24.  To  3  pts.  rum  allowed  John  Jenckes  for  the  scow  men,  0  10 

25.  To  Town  scow  two  days  fetching  stones,  0    0 


COLLEGE    BUILDINGS.  237 

1770.  May  25.  To  one-half  day's  work  of  Earle's  negro,    -  1  6 
"              "To  cash  paid  Comstock  for  one-half  day's  carting  with  three 

creatures,  -  3  0 
u  June  1.  To  paid  Henry  Paget,  Esq.,  for  twelve  and  one-half  day's 

work  of  his  negro  Pero,  and  bill  at  3s,                         -  1  17  G 

"                9.  To  one  wheelbarrow,  new,  but  broke  to  pieces  in  the  service,  106 
19.  To  paid  James  and   Abraham  Littlehale  for  one  month's 

work  of  each  at  30s,  at  the  foundation,  -  -  3  0  0 
"  "To  one  pail  allowed  A.  Cole  for  the  people  to  carry  water 

to  drink  in,    -  1C 

"              "     To  £  gall.  West  India  rum  for  the  digging  of  the  well,  1  9 

"              "     To  1  qt.  ditto  allowed  by  John  Jenckes,  1  0 

21.  To  }  gall,  ditto  at  twice  for  the  well,  2  0 

28.  To  2  gall,  rum  for  the  well  diggers,        -  1   1 

"              "     To  1  gall.  West  India  rum  when  laying  the  first  floor,  3  6 

u     Aug.  2.  To  2  galls,  ditto  and  2  Ibs.  sugar,  second  floor,        -  80 

"  6.  To  3   pints   ditto  allowed   Simmons   for    "  extraordinary 

services,"                                                     -  16 
21.  To  2  galls,  good  rum  and  2  Ibs.  sugar  when  raising  the 

President's  house,  9  8£ 
"             25.  To  4  galls.  West  India  ruin,  very  good  and  old,  and  1  Ib. 

sugar,  third  floor,    -  15  71 

"     Sept.  14.  To  4  galls,  ditto  and  1  Ib.  sugar,  fourth  floor,      -  14  7 

"  "  To  1  pt.  ditto  allowed  the  carpenters  gratis,  -  07 
"  Oct.  9.  To  71  galls,  old  West  India  rum  and  2  Ibs.  sugar  when 

raising  the  fifth  floor,                                                           -  184 

"              13.  To  3  galls.  West  India  rum  when  raising  roof,      -  10  6 

1771.  Jan.  7.  To  cash  paid  Oliver  Bowen  for  the  College  land,  the  remain 

der,  £30  15s  Id,  paid  by  John  Jenckes,  the  whole  £84,  53  4  5 
"  "  To  5  acres  land  bought  of  Samuel  Fenner,  at  90  dollars  per 

acre,  is  £135;  to  one  year's  interest,  8s  2c?,  -  -  143  2  0 

"  Feb.  7.  To  1  box  glass  for  President's  house,  330 
"  "To  paid  Benjamin  Mann,  for  setting  seven  squares  glass  in 

Mr.  Snow's  meeting  house,  broke  at  Commencement,  4  8 
"  March  8.  To  paid  Ebenezer  Leland,  for  painting  the  College  and 

President's  house,    -                                                        -  9    0  0 

From  the  foregoing  account,  it  will  appear,  that  the  amount 
paid  for  the  original  College  lands  was  four  thousand  three  hun- 


238 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


dred  and  eighty  pounds,  or  seven  hundred  and  thirty  dollars ; 
being  about  ninety  dollars  per  acre,  for  what  is  now  valued  at 
one  dollar,  and  upwards,  per  square  foot. 

The  last  item  of  expenditure  which  we  have  copied  from  the 
original  account,  is  for  painting,  March  8,  1771.  The  buildings 
had,  therefore,  at  this  date,  approached  completion.  Dr.  Stiles, 
in  his  diary,  November,  1771.  thus  writes:  — 

On  Monday  I  went  to  visit  the  College,  where  five  or  six  lower  rooms  are  finished 
off.     They  have  about  twenty  students,  though  none  yet  living  in  the  College  edifice. 

The  amount  of  subscriptions  paid,  it  appears,  up  to  March  11, 
1771,  was  £2,221  4s  10J,  or  about  $7,404,  leaving  a  balance  due 
Nicholas  Brown  &  Co.,  of  $2,076.  The  following  is  the  «  College 
Credit,"  as  exhibited  by  them  in  their  account.  We  present  it 
entire,  as  it  includes  the  only  list  known  to  exist  of  the  original 
subscribers  for  building  the  College  edifice  and  the  President's 
house.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  names  of  all  the  subscribers 
are  not  included,  but  only  of  those  who  had  paid,  up  to  date : — 


1770.  £    s.      d. 

Richard  Knight's  subscription,  280 
Cash  received  of  W.  Wheaton, 

for  lime,  4:1 

William  Wheaton  for  lime.      -  9    0 

William  Logan,  280 

Two  hhds.  lime  of  J.  Jenckes,  1  10    0 
Two  hhds    lime  of  Doct.  Jno. 

Jenckes,                                -  1  10    0 

Jona.  Jenckes,  Jr.,    -  300 

Cash  received  of  Job  Bcnnet,  1 G    4    0 

Robert  Stery,  312    0 

Ten  squares  glass,    8   by   10, 

sold  Col.  Wanton,  -  6    0 

Benoni  Pearce,      -  3    0    0 

200  bricks,  John  Jenckes  had,  4    6 

Warner  &  Tillinghast,    -  4  1G    0 

Mary  Brown,  wid.  of  Obadiah,  12    0    0 

Wilson  Jacobs,  -  2100 
Gov.    Wanton's    subscription, 

paid  in  a  Treasury  note,  30    0    0 


9.V 


1770.  £    s.      d. 

j  Seven  squares  glass,  8  by  10, 

for  John  Brown,  4 

One  gallon  W.  T  rum  returned,  3 
Thirty-six  feet  3  by  7  inch  joist 
and  do.  13  feet,  charged  to 

Jos.  and  Win.  Russell,  3 
|  One  house  plank,  charged  to 

brig  Elizabeth,  1 

j  Elisha  Mowry's  subscription,  4    1 

|  Nich's  Power,  220  ft.  timber,  8 
i  Andrew  Cole,  for  24  feet  refuge 

boards, 

Robert  Carver's  subscription,  6    0 

John  Field's                "  69 

Oliver  Whipple's        "  48 

!  Ezek  Eddy's  3    0 
2500  shingles  charged  to  John 

Smith  and  Bacon,  at  15e?,  1  17 

Joshua  Spooner's  subscription,  3  15 

Cash  received  of  Job  Bennet,  48    0 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS. 


239 


1770. 

John  Fcnner, 

Oliver  Fuller, 

124  feet  timber  to  David  Harris, 

200  feet  house  plank  to  N.  Brown, 

60  feet  timber  to  Henry  Bacon, 

at  3s  6d  per  foot, 
Eph.  Wheaton's  subscription, 
Messrs.  Stewart  &  Taylor's  do., 
Isaac  Bray  ton, 
Samuel  Thurber, 
Samuel  Thurber,  Sen'r,    - 
James  Olney, 
Clarke  &  Nightingale, 
Andrew  Waterman, 
John  Peck, 
John  Smith,  Jr., 

1771. 

Samuel  Nightingale,  Jr., 
John  Batty, 
Nicholas  Clarke,       - 
Nathanael  Greene, 
William  Karle, 
Jno.  B.  Hopkins, 
James  Field,  - 
John  Petty, 
George  Brown, 
Nathan  Arnold,   - 
Thomas  and  Benjamin  Lindsey, 
Jas.  Hoyle  paid  Wm.  Wheaton, 
Paul  Allen,     - 
Martin  Simmons, 
James  Andrews, 
Eleazer  Hardin  &  Son, 
John  Pitcher, 
Christopher  Arnold, 
George  Make  pace,  - 
Simon  Smith, 

8  Ib.  lead  to  make  a  hand-lead, 
Thurber  &  Cahoon,     - 
2500  shingles  to  Edward  Haw 
kins,  at  15s, 
William  Chick-ley, 
Samuel  In  graham,   - 
Christopher  Williams,  - 
Benjamin  Whipple, 
Phineas  Brown,  - 


£ 

s. 

d. 

3 

0 

0 

1 

10 

0 

, 

4 

8 

> 

9 

0 

2 

2 

0 

4 

0 

0 

4 

16 

0 

2 

10 

0 

6 

8 

0 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

4 

16 

0 

8 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

2 

10 

0 

12 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

4 

10 

0 

5 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

2 

10 

0 

3 

16 

0 

4 

4 

0 

2 

8 

0 

10 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

2 

16 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

7 

8 

° 

3 

15 

o! 

3 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

2 

0 

46 

0 

0 

1 

17 

6 

3 

0 

o 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

5 

0 

0 

1771. 


£    s.     d. 


1    0 
315    0 


500 

2 

3 

280 


0    0 

0    0 


Lime  and  sand  to  mend  mother's 

oven, 

Col.  John  Waterman, 
Abraham  Belknap, 
Jacob  Belknap, 
Job  Randall, 
Abel  Perry,       - 

William  Wheaton,  -  51    0    0 

Nathan  Angell,                     -  15    0    0 
Molly  Brown,  for  daughters  of 

Obadiah,  -  -  15    0    0 

Jno.  Waterman,  paper  mill,  600 
Timothy  Gladding's  subscription,  2    8    0 

Caleb  Greene,        -  -     9    0    0 

John  Hoppin,     -  3 18    0 

White  &  Waterman,       -  -     4 16    0 

Thomas  Sabin,  -  6  10    0 
2,086  bricks,  charged  to  Jno. 

Smith,  at  18d,   -  -     1  17    5 

Daniel  Lamed,  280 

Jabez  Bowen,  Jr.,  -  60    0    0 
30  feet  timber  for  sloop  Caty, 

at  3s  6d  per 1    0> 

Mary  Young,  -     6    0    0 

Daniel  Thornton,         -  140 

Joseph  Arnold,      -  -     3    0    0 

Edward  Spaulding,     -  600 

Samuel  Young,      -  -     4 16    0 

Nicholas  Cooke,  Esq.,       -  45    0    0 

Benjamin  Mann,  -  15    0    0 

Edward  Hawkins,       -  3150 

Ephraim  Walker,  -  -     4    0    0 

Ephraim  Peabody,      -  2 15    0 

Joshua  Hacker,      -  -     3  10    0 

Knight  Dexter,                    -  18    0    0 

Jona.  Arnold,        -  -  14    0    0 

Welcome  Arnold,       -  3160 

Daniel  Jackson,     -  -     3    0    0 

Elijah  Bacon,     -  660 

Benjamin  Waterman,  Jr.,  -     2    8    0 

Job  Smith,                            -  21    0    0 

Abner  Thayer,  paid  J.  Smith,  280 

David  Harris,  -  30    0    0 

Thomas  Greene,                    -  15    0    0 

Jona,  and  Christ'r  Olney,  800 

Stephen  Whipple,  -  13  12    0 


240 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


1771. 

Dexter  Brown, 

William  Brown,     - 

William  Morris, 

Jona.  Hamman,     - 

James  Sabin, 

Benjamin  Stelle, 

What  Jno.  Jenckes  paid  Wil 
liam  Wheaton, 

Nicholas  Power,     - 

Lewis  Bosworth, 

Benjamin  Whipple, 

Daniel  Whipple, 

Josiah  King's  subscription, 

Sylvanus  Sayles, 

Thomas  Bonnet,     - 

Jeremiah  Brown, 

Henry  Sterling, 

Benjamin  Coate's  note, 

Jacob  Whitman,    - 

William  Spencer, 

Abraham  Winsor, 

Gideon  Brown,  - 

What  J  ohn  Jenckes  paid  Jno. 
Smith  towards  brick,  - 

Christopher  Lippitt,    - 

Rufus  Hopkins, 

Stephen  Colvin, 

Joseph  Remington, 

Thomas  Harris, 

James  Arnold, 

Ebenezer  Thompson,  - 

James  Burrill, 

Jona.  Holden,    - 

James  Lovett, 

Abraham  Angell, 

Peter  Randall, 

44  Ibs.  strips  of  lead  cut  by  the 
carpenters,  at  3d, 

Chad  Brown, 

William  Gully, 

Mortar,  charged  Win.  Wheaton, 

James  Barry, 

Amos  Kimball,  - 

Nicholas  Brown's  subscription,  200 

Charged  Eleazer  Harding  for 
136  squares  sash  contained 


£ 

s. 

d. 

1771. 

£    s 

.    d 

7 

10 

0 

in   his   bill   vs.    President's 

2 

8 

0 

house,  more  than  delivered, 

2 

8 

0 

at  4s  4d,  - 

2 

8 

2 

6 

0 

0 

Moses  Brown's  subscription, 

200 

0 

0 

12 

8 

0 

John  Brown's 

200 

0 

0 

7 

10 

0 

Joseph  Brown,  £100  ;  the  other 

£100  to  be  paid  in  philosoph 

16 

16 

m 

ical  apparatus  according  as 

10 

8 

0 

subscribed  for,   at   the   first 

2 

10 

0 

cost,  as  soon  as  a  proper  place 

2 

10 

0 

is  provided  to  put  them  in, 

100 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

The  carting  of  the  26  boxes  of 

3 

0 

0 

glass  as  is  contained  in  Dex 

7 

16 

0 

ter  Brown's  account, 

2 

12 

0 

4 

10 

0 

Zephaniah  Andrews, 

10 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

Charles  Angell, 

1 

0 

0 

7 

16 

0 

Benjamin  Allen,     - 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

James  Arnold,  Jr.,     - 

4 

0 

0 

13 

0 

0 

John  Aplin, 

2 

8 

0 

1 

10 

0 

Richard  Brown, 

2 

10 

0 

7 

0 

0 

Samuel  Butler, 

30 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

James  Buvrough, 

3 

0 

0 

Solomon  Bradford, 

12 

0 

11 

16 

6 

Samuel  Coy, 

2 

8 

0 

5 

0 

0 

Benjamin  Cushing, 

30 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

Andrew  Cole,    - 

3 

0 

0 

2 

8 

0 

Richard  Collier,     - 

12 

0 

2 

8 

0 

John  Fritton,     ... 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0      Richard  Godfrey,  - 

2 

8 

0 

11 

8 

0 

Richard  Eddy,   - 

3 

0 

0 

8 

8 

0 

John  Gibbs, 

2 

8 

0 

2 

8 

0 

James  Greene,  - 

1 

10 

0 

1 

10 

0 

L'evi  Hall,     - 

3 

0 

0 

33 

15 

0 

Amos  Horton,    - 

5 

0 

0 

12 

0 

Henry  Jenckes, 

1 

16 

0 

3 

10 

0 

Christopher  Jenckes, 

1 

16 

0 

Seth  Knap,  - 

2 

8 

0 

11 

0 

Ebenezer  Leland, 

2 

8 

0 

3 

0 

0 

Nathaniel  Metcalf, 

3 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

Daniel  Man  ton, 

6 

0 

0 

t 

18 

7 

Allen  Peck, 

4 

10 

0 

'  2 

8 

0 

Nathaniel  Packard,     - 

2 

8 

0 

2 

8 

0      William  Pearce,     - 

2 

8 

0 

200 

0 

0 

Peter  Ritto, 

1 

4 

0 

Jehu  Smith, 

2 

15 

0 

Jno.  Jenkins,     - 

3 

0 

0 

COLLEGE    BUILDINGS. 


241 


1771. 

Jno.  Smith,  Cranston,    - 

Christopher  Sheldon, 

Jeremiah  Scott, 

Paul  Tew, 

Benjamin  Tallman, 

Comfort  Wheaton, 

Nathan  Waterman, 

Jeremiah  Whipple,     - 

Otis  Whipple, 

Nahum  Wilder, 

David  Whipple,  charged  Jere., 

Isaac  Woodroof,     - 

Oliver  JSowen's  subscription, 

John  Smith  the  3d  do.,  - 

Paid  John  Smith,  towards  brick 

by  Jenckes,  besides  what  is 

credited,    - 


£    s. 

d. 

2    8 

0 

9    0 

0 

12 

0 

710 

0 

2    8 

0 

6    0 

0 

2    8 

0 

9    0 

0 

410 

0 

1    4 

0 

2    8 

0 

2    8 

0 

9    0 

0 

2    8 

0 

213 

0 

1771.  £    s.      d. 

5833  shingles,  charged  of  Rob 
ert  Carver  the  1 1th  of  Sept. , 
and  afterwards  charged  in  his 
whole  bill,  amounting  to 
£64  5d,  -  -  -  5  5  0 


Total, 

Deduct  out  of  the  foregoing 
subscriptions,  the  whole 
being  not  yet  paid, 


£1,958    2    8| 


14811    41- 


Total,        -         -     £1,809  114 
Parts  of  sundry  subscriptions 
received  but  not  credited 
in  this  amount,       -         -      411  13    6 


Total, 


£2,221    410 


Continuing  our  search  among  the  records,  we  find :  — 

Thursday,  September  3,  1772.  Voted,  That  the  tiles  for  covering  the  College 
edifice  shall  be  retained  for  that  use. 

Whereas  a  sum  of  money  is  immediately  wanted  to  defray  the  expense  of  slating 
the  College  edifice,  it  is  resolved,  That  the  Rev.  John  Gano  be  appointed  to  solicit 
donations  for  that  purpose  in  this  or  the  other  colonies ;  and  that  he  be  requested  to 
proceed  upon  that  business  as  soon  as  may  be. 

Voted,  That  the  sum  of  five  dollars  be  taken  for  the  use  of  each  room  in  the  Col 
lege  edifice  annually,  from  those  who  live  in  them. 

Thursday,  September  2,  1773  :  Voted  and  resolved,  That  the  offer  of  the  Sec 
retary  (Doct.  Thomas  Eyres)  be  accepted,  that  he  would  pay  the  interest  of  one 
hundred  dollars  for  three  years  to  any  gentleman  who  will  advance  said  sum  towards 
finishing  the  rooms  in  the  College  edifice,  after  the  balance  in  Mr.  Howell's  hands 
was  expended,  the  Corporation  being  security  for  the  original  sum. 

Thursday,  September  8,  1774  :  Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be 
presented  to  the  Rev.  John  Gano,  for  his  having  used  his  best  endeavors  to  promote  a 
subscription  for  this  College  in  the  southern  colonies;  —  that  the  manner  in  which  he 
has  proceeded  is  approved  by  the  Corporation ;  and  he  is  hereby  requested  to  proceed 
upon  the  same  business  in  any  other  places  and  methods  which  he  shall  judge  most 
beneficial  towards  the  advancement  of  the  College ;  and  the  Secretary  is  ordered  to 
give  him  a  copy  of  this  vote. 
31 


242  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

On  Saturday,  December  7,  1776,  Sir  Peter  Parker,  the  British 
commander,  with  seventy  sail  of  men-of-war,  anchored  in  New 
port  harbor,  landed  a  body  of  troops  and  took  possession  of  the 
place.  "The  country,"  says  President  Manning,  "immediately 
flew  to  arms  and  marched  to  Providence.  There,  unprovided 
with  barracks,  they  marched  into  the  College,  and  dispersed  the 
students,  about  forty  in  number."  From  this  time  the  College 
continued  to  be  occupied  for  barracks,  and  afterwards  for  a  hos 
pital,  by  the  American  and  French  forces,  until  May  27,  1782, 
when  the  edifice  was  left  in  a  most  ruinous  condition.  "  The 
Corporation,"  Manning  continues,  advanced  out  of  their  own 
pockets  near  one  thousand  dollars  for  the  most  necessary  repairs, 
and  ordered  the  course  of  education  to  recommence."  March  4, 
1785,  he  writes,  "  Mr.  John  Brown  is  about  finishing  the  third 
story,  which  we  expect  to  want  in  the  course  of  the  year."  From 
this  it  would  seem  that  only  two  stories  were  finished  at  first. 
The  fourth  story  was  finished  in  1788,  as  appears  from  the  follow 
ing  records : — 

September  4,  1788  :  Voted,  That  the  Treasurer  of  this  Corporation  be  author 
ized  to  contract  with  such  persons  as  may  offer  to  furnish  the  fourth  story  of  the 
College  edifice,  or  any  part  of  it,  on  such  terms  as  he  shall  judge  proper. 

The  following  petition  to  the  General  Assembly,  copied  from 
a  rough  draft  on  file  in  the  hand-writing  of  President  Manning, 
will  repay  perusal.  The  friends  of  the  College  might  well  object 
to  the  building  being  put  to  such  uses  as  are  here  set  forth  in 
detail.  No  date  is  found  on  the  document,  but  the  petition  was 
probably  presented  in  the  year  1780.  "  President  Manning,"  says 
Backus,  referring  to  this  period,  "  now  engaged  again  in  the  work 
of  education.  But  further  interruptions  were  in  store  for  him. 
On  the  25th  of  June,  1780,  while  he  was  preaching  at  the  church, 
it  being  Sunday,  the  College  edifice  was  a  second  time  seized,  by 
the  order  of  the  council  of  war,  for  a  hospital  for  the  French 
troops,  who  held  it  until  May  27,  1782":  — 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  243 

The  Petition  of  the  members  of  the  Corporation  of  Rhode  Island   College,   whose 

names  are  hereunto  annexed,  humbly  showeth  :  — 

That  the  College  edifice  was  first  taken  in  December,  1776,  for  the  use  of  barracks 
and  an  hospital  for  the  American  troops,  and  retained  for  that  use  until  the  Fall  before 
the  arrival  of  his  most  Christian  Majesty's  fleets  and  armies  in  this  State  ;  —  that,  by 
our  direction,  the  President  resumed  the  course  of  education  in  said  College,  and  took 
possession  of  the  edifice  on  the  10th  of  May,  1780  ;  and  continued  so  to  occupy  it 
until  the  authority  of  this  State,  in  a  short  time  after,  granted  it  to  the  French  army 
as  an  hospital,  who  continued  to  hold  and  use  it  for  said  purpose  until  the  last  week, 
when  the  Commissary  of  War  of  the  French  army  delivered  it  up,  with  the  keys,  to 
his  Honor  the  Deputy  Governor ;  they  having  previously  permitted  the  officers  of  the 
French  ships  in  this  State  to  place  their  sick  in  it,  who  still  continue  there  ;  —  that  the 
building  was  in  good  repair,  and  occupied  by  upwards  of  thirty  students  when  first 
taken  for  the  public  service;  —  that  great  injury  hath  been  done  to  every  part  of  it 
since  taken  out  of  the  hands  of  the  Corporation  ;  especially  by  two  buildings  adjoining 
it,  one  an  house  of  offal  at  the  north  end,  with  a  vault  fifteen  feet  deep  under  it, 
having  broken  down  the  wall  of  the  College  to  facilitate  the  passage  of  the  invalids 
from  the  edifice  into  it ;  from  which  addition  the  intolerable  stench  renders  all  the 
northern  part  uninhabitable ;  and  the  other  an  horse  stable,  built  from  the  east  projec 
tion  to  the  north  end,  by  which  the  house  is  greatly  weakened  ;  many  of  the  windows 
are  also  taken  entirely  out  of  the  house,  and  others  so  broken,  as  well  as  the  slate  on 
the  roof,  that  the  storms  naturally  beat  into  it.  As  your  Honors  must  be  sensible  that 
the  interests  of  literature  in  this  State  must  generally  suffer,  as  well  as  the  building 
erected  for  its  promotion ;  and  the  Corporation  conceiving  that  there  cannot  be  the 
shadow  of  a  reason  for  detaining  any  longer  the  College  edifice  from  them,  who  now 
want  to  apply  it  immediately  to  the  uses  for  which  it  was  erected,  do  request  the 
Legislature  to  deliver  them  the  house,  and  order  all  their  buildings  taken  down  and 
removed  from  the  College  lots,  such  repairs  as  are  absolutely  necessary  to  be  made 
at  the  public  expense ;  and  to  pass  an  order  that  it  shall  not  again  be  appropriated  as 
an  hospital  or  barracks.  And  your  petitioners,  as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  pray. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  in  1783,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  an  application  be  made  to  his  most  Christian  Majesty  to  patronize 
this  College ;  and  that  the  President,  Rev.  Mr.  Stillman  and  Doct.  Waterhouse  be  a 
committee  to  draught  a  petition  to  him  for  this  purpose. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  January  7,  1784,  quoting  from  the 
records, 

The  address  to  his  most  Christian  Majesty,  drawn  up  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Stillman 
and  Doct.  "Benjamin  Waterhouse,  was  read  and  approved. 


244  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Voted,  That  the  Chancellor,  the  President,  Hon.  Jabez  Bowen  and  Doct.  Solomon 
Drown,  be  a  committee  to  draught  a  letter  to  Doct.  Benjamin  Franklin,  to  accompany 
the  address  to  his  most  Christian  Majesty. 

The  address  to  which  reference  is  here  made,  is  given  entire 
in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pp.  401-3.  The  following, 
copied  from  a  rough  draft  of  the  letter  to  accompany  the  address, 
deserves  a  place  here,  not  only  from  its  connection  with  the  his 
tory  of  University  Hall,  but  also  from  its  statements  respecting 
the  history  and  condition  of  the  College:  — 

SIR:  —  In  compliance  with  the  request  of  the  Honorable  the  Corporation  of  the 
College  at  Providence  in  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  transmitted  in  their  vote  of  the 

O 

7th  of  September  last,  we  take  the  liberty  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  the  College 
under  their  direction  was  founded  in  1764,  and  received  the  small  endowment  of  which 
it  is  now  possessed  solely  from  the  beneficence  and  contributions  of  individuals,  the 
government  not  being  sufficiently  impressed  with  an  idea  of  the  importance  of  literature 
to  afford  its  patronage  or  lend  it  any  farther  assistance  than  that  of  granting  it  a 
charter.  With  these  small  beginnings,  however,  at  the  commencement  of  the  late  war 
the  Corporation  had  the  pleasure  to  see  that  beautiful  edifice  erected  on  the  hill  at 
Providence,  and  upwards  of  forty  students  matriculated,  together  with  a  large  Latin 
school  as  a  nursery  to  supply  it  with  scholars.  The  whole  endowment  consisted  of 
one  thousand  pounds,  lawful  money,  as  a  fund,  besides  the  lot  of  six  acres  of  land.* 
At  that  period  the  young  Institution  was  speedily  growing  in  reputation  as  well  as 
in  number  of  scholars.  But  on  the  arrival  of  the  enemy  in  that  State,  in  the  year 
1776,  it  was  seized  by  the  public  for  barracks  and  an  hospital  for  the  American  army, 
and  continued  to  be  so  occupied  until  a  little  before  the  arrival  of  the  armaments  of  his 
most  Christian  Majesty,  upon  which  it  was  again  taken  out  of  the  hands  of  the  Corpo 
ration  by  an  order  of  government,  and  delivered  up  to  our  allies  for  the  same  uses  to 
which  it  had  been  applied  by  the  American  army.  They  held  it  till  their  army  marched 
for  the  Chesapeake.  To  accommodate  it  to  their  wishes  they  made  great  alterations  in 
the  building,  highly  injurious  to  the  designs  of  its  founders.  This,  with  the  damages 
done  to  it  by  the  armies  of  both  nations  while  so  occupied,  subjected  the  Corporation 

*  The  College  lands  originally  comprised  eight  acres,  according  to  the  recorded  deeds  and 
the  "College  Credit"  submitted  by  Nicholas  Brown  &  Co.  to  the  Corporation  in  1771.  See 
pages  232-3  and  237-8.  The  highway  thereto,  which  is  now  a  part  of  College  sti-eet,  was 
of  course  included  in  these  eight  acres.  The  writer  speaks  of  the  "lot"  without  probably 
taking  into  account  the  "highway."  The  funds,  it  may  be  added,  amounted  at  this  time 
to  more  than  one  thousand  pounds,  as  will  appear  in  a  succeeding  chapter. 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  245 

to  a  heavy  expense  to  repair  it ;  and  that  when  the  deranged  state  of  our  finances 
prevented  us  from  making  scarcely  any  advantage  of  the  interest  of  our  little  fund  in 
the  State  treasury.  Having  at  their  own  expense  made  the  repairs,  they  applied  first 
to  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  and  repeatedly  to  Congress  for  some  compensation ; 
but  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  the  least  assistance.  Thus  circumstanced  they  think 
it  their  duty  to  solicit  the  patronage  of  his  most  Christian  Majesty  in  the  manner  they 
have  done  in  the  memorial  which  accompanies  this  letter. 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  there  are  upwards  of  fifty 
students  now  belonging  to  the  College,  with  flattering  prospects  of  an  increase. 

The  above  is  a  brief  account  of  the  origin  and  present  state  of  the  College  at 
Providence.  We  only  add,  that  this  Institution  embraces  in  its  bosom  and  holds  out 
equal  privileges  to  all  denominations  of  protestants ;  and  its  Corporation,  agreeably  to 
charter,  is,  and  must  forever  be  composed  of  some  of  all  denominations  of  Christians. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir,  your  very  humble  servants. 

After  many  and  fruitless  applications  to  Congress  by  the 
President  and  Corporation,  for  remuneration  on  account  of 
damages  and  loss  of  rent,  all  of  which  we  have  detailed  in  our 
former  work,  an  act  was  passed  by  the  United  States  govern 
ment,  April  16,  1800,  entitled, 

AN  ACT  FOR  THE  RELIEF  OF  THE  CORPORATION  OF  RHODE  ISLAND  COLLEGE. 

BE  IT  ENACTED,  etc.,  That  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  they  are, 
hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  liquidate  and  settle  the  claims  of  the  Corporation  of 
Rhode  Island  College,  for  compensation  for  the  use  and  occupation  of  the  edifice  of 
said  College,  and  for  injuries  done  to  the  same,  from  the  tenth  day  of  December,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-six,  to  the  twentieth  day  of  April,  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty,  by  the  troops  of  the  United  States ;  and  that  the  sum  which 
may  be  found  due  to  the  said  Corporation  for  damages  done  to  and  occupation  of  the 
said  edifice,  as  aforesaid,  be  paid  them  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated. 

How  much  compensation  the  College  finally  received,  we  are 
unable  at  present  to  determine.  Dr.  Benedict,  in  his  History, 
states  it  to  have  been  two  thousand  dollars. 

In  January,  1823,  this  venerable  edifice  received  the  name  of 
UNIVERSITY  HALL,  by  a  special  vote  of  the  Corporation.  In  1850, 
important  changes  were  made  in  the  interior  of  the  building. 


246  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  old  chapel,  the  walls  of  which  had  so  long  resounded  with 
the  voices  of  eloquence  and  the  utterances  of  prayer  and  praise, 
was  converted  into  recitation-rooms.  The  dining  hall  too,  where 
the  stewards  of  a  former  day  were  accustomed  to  preside  during 
the  hours  for  meals,  with  all  the  dignity  of  their  position,  was 
remodelled,  while  "commons,"  in  accordance  with  the  progressive 
spirit  of  the  age,  were  abolished.  And  recently  the  long  and  spa 
cious  entry  halls,  where  mischievous  students  too  often  delighted 
in  midnight  revels,  have  been  disfigured  by  the  introduction  of 
suitable  partitions.  In  this  instance  utility  and  expedience  have 
been  consulted  rather  than  beauty,  and  a  regard  for  time-honored 
associations. 

The  President's  house,  we  may  add  in  conclusion,  which  for 
merly  stood  on  the  College  Green  directly  in  front  of  Manning 
Hall,  was  removed  in  1839,  and  the  new  and  elegant  mansion  on 
the  corner  of  Prospect  and  College  streets  was  erected  in  its  place. 


BAPTIST     MEETING-HOUSE 


ERECTED    IN    1775. 


OVERNOR  WINTHROP,  under  date  of  March  16, 1639,  states 
that  Roger  Williams  "  was  rebaptized  by  one  Holliman,  a 
poor  man.  late  of  Salem.  Then  Mr.  Williams  rebaptized  him  and 
some  ten  more."  For  more  than  sixty  years  the  church  thus 
founded  held  meetings  in  the  open  air,  or  worshipped  beneath 
the  friendly  shelter  of  groves  and  trees.  There  was  no  public 
building  at  this  time  in  the  town  even  for  civil  purposes.  After 
Philip's  war,  in  June,  1676,  the  annual  town-meeting  was  held, 
says  Staples,  "before  Thomas  Field's  house,  under  a  tree,  by  the 
water-side." 

In  the  year  1700,  the  Rev.  Pardon  Tillinghast,  the  minister  of 
the  church,  built  at  his  own  expense  a  meeting-house,  on  a  lot 
near  the  corner  of  North  Main  and  Smith  streets.  This  house 
and  lot  he  afterwards  generously  deeded  to  the  church.  The 
building,  according  to  tradition,  was  small  and  rude,  "in  the  shape 
of  a  hay-cap,  with  a  fire-place  in  the  middle,  the  smoke  escaping 
from  a  hole  in  the  roof." 

At  the  time  of  President  Manning's  removal  to  Providence 
the  church,  which  consisted  of  but  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
members  living  widely  apart,  were  worshipping  in  a  small  house 
thirty-five  by  forty-one  feet  in  dimensions,  erected  in  the  year 
1726.  A  brief  description  of  the  building  and  of  the  mode  of 
worship,  which  we  find  in  Stone's  "Life  and  Recollections  of  John 
Howland,"  may  be  appropriately  introduced  in  this  connection:  — 


248  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

At  high  water  the  tide  flowed  nearly  up  to  the  west  end  of  the  building.  *  *  * 
From  the  front  door,  opening  on  Main  street,  an  aisle  extended  to  the  pulpit,  which 
was  raised  three  or  four  steps  from  the  floor.  On  each  side  of  the  aisle  benches 
extended  north  and  south  to  the  walls  of  the  house,  and  there  were  benches  in  the* 
gallery,  which  was  entered  by  narrow  stairs  from  a  door  on  the  south  side  of  the  house. 
#  #  *  They  did  not  approve  of  singing,  and  never  practiced  it  in  public  worship. 
When  more  than  one  elder  was  present,  and  the  first  had  exhausted  himself,  he  would 
say:  "There  is  time  and  space  left  if  any  one  has  further  to  offer."  In  that  case, 
another  and  another  would  offer  what  he  had  to  say ;  so  there  was  no  set  time  for 
closing  the  meeting.  *  *  *  The  house  could  not  contain  a  large  congregation,  nor 
did  the  number  present  seem  to  require  a  larger  house,  as  they  were  not  crowded, 
though  many  of  them  came  in  from  the  neighboring  towns  on  horseback,  with  women 
behind  them  on  pillions. 

Under  the  pastoral  care  of  Manning  the  church  and  society 
greatly  increased  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  so  that  ere  long  it 
became  necessary  to  erect  a  new  house  of  worship.  With  a  view 
to  the  accommodation  of  the  College,  it  was  determined  to  build 
it  in  such  a  style  of  elegance,  and  of  svich  dimensions,  that  it 
should  surpass  any  edifice  of  the  kind  connected  with  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  the  colonies. 

In  looking  over  the  records  of  the  society,  we  find  that,  at  a 
meeting  held  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Daniel  Cahoon,  on  Friday 
evening,  February  11,  1774,  it  was 

RESOLVED,  That  we  will  all  heartily  unite  as  one  man,  in  all  lawful  ways  and 
means,  to  promote  the  good  of  this  society ;  and  particularly  attend  to  and  revive  the 
affair  of  building  a  meeting-house  for  the  public  worship  of  Almighty  God,  and  also 
for  holding  Commencements  in, 

In  accordance  with  this  resolve,  the  society,  with  unanimity 
and  promptness,  entered  upon  the  prosecution  of  their  labors. 
A  committee  of  two  persons,  Messrs.  Joseph  Brown  and  Jonathan 
Hammond,  were  immediately  appointed  to  proceed  to  Boston, 
"in  order  to  view  the  different  churches  there,  and  to  make  a 
memorandum  of  their  several  dimensions  and  forms  of  architec 
ture."  The  old  house  and  lot  were  sold  at  public  auction,  and 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  249 

the  present  spacious  lot,  bounded  by  Thomas,  Benefit,  President 
and  North  Main  streets,  was  purchased  of  Mr.  John  Angell.  In 
this  latter  transaction  very  important  service  appears  to  have 
been  rendered  by  Mr.  William  Russell.* 

According  to  a  letter  from  Mr.  Moses  Brown,  published  in  a 
previous  chapter,  (pages  207-10,)  it  appears  that  the  church  in 
its  earlier  periods  was  of  the  "Six  Principle"  order,  so  called, 
and  that  at  this  time  a  separation  took  place,  a  part  of  the  mem 
bers,  under  the  guidance  of  Elder  Winsor,  contending  for  the 
practices  and  usages  of  their  fathers,  and  the  remainder  adhering 
to  Manning,  and  the  views  more  generally  entertained  by  the 
Baptist  denomination  at  the  present  day.  The  money  obtained 
from  the  sale  of  the  old  house  and  lot  being  divided  between  the 
two  parties,  the  former  built  a  house  in  Johnston  upon  the  plain, 
and  established  a  "Six  Principle"  church. 

On  the  25th  of  April,  1774,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Society,  of 
which  Dr.  Manning  was  Moderator,  and  Benjamin  Stelle,  Clerk, 
it  was  resolved  :  — 

1 .  That  a  petition  be  presented  to  the  honorable  General  Assembly,  praying  that  a 
charter,  containing  certain  privileges  and  immunities,  may  be  granted  to  the  Baptist 
society  in  Providence. 

2.  That  the  Rev.  James  Manning,  Ephraim  Wheaton,  Nicholas  Brown,  David 
Howell,  and  Benjamin  Thurber  be  a  committee  to  draft  a  plan  of  a  charter,  and  pre 
sent  the  same  to  the  society  for  approbation  as  soon  as  may  be. 

3.  That  Mr.  John  Brown  be  the  committee  man  for  carrying  on  the  building  of 
the  new  meeting-house  for  said  society. 

4.  That  Messrs.  John  Jenckes,   Daniel  Oahoon,  Ephraim  Wheaton,  Nathaniel 
Wheaton,    Daniel   Tillinghast,   Joseph  Brown,    William  Russell,    Edward  Thurber, 
Nicholas  Brown,  Christopher  Sheldon,  and  Benjamin  Thurber,  they  or  the  major  part 

*  Judge  Staples  in  his  "Annals,"  gives  the  tradition  that  Mr.  Angell,  who  was  a  "  Gor- 
tonian  and  the  last  of  the  sect,"  would  not  sell  his  orchard  for  a  Baptist  meeting-house  for 
any  consideration.  It  is  certain,  from  the  records,  that  Mr.  Russell  first  bought  the  land  by 
request,  and  then  conveyed  it  to  the  Society.  Being  an  Episcopalian  in  his  religious  views, 
and  a  wealthy  merchant,  the  owner  of  the  land  would  naturally  suppose  that  it  was  wanted 
for  a  private  residence,  rather  than  for  the  use  to  which  it  was  put. 
32 


250  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

of  them,  be  a  standing  committee  to  assist  and  advise  with  Mr.  John  Brown,  in  locat 
ing  and  carrying  into  execution  the  building  of  the  new  meeting-house. 

Thus,  while  a  large  committee  of  eleven  was  chosen  for  assist 
ance  and  advice,  the  carrying  on  of  the  building,  and  the  execu 
tion  of  the  plan  was  wisely  left  to  a  committee  of  one.  There 
was  hence  a  unity  of  purpose,  and  a  success  in  the  final  results, 
which  a  large  and  divided  committee  could  never  have  attained. 
In  this  matter  our  fathers  have  left  on  record  an  example  which 
societies  of  the  present  day  may  do  well  to  imitate.  It  is  pleas 
ing  to  notice  in  this  record,  the  unlimited  confidence  reposed 
in  the  abilities  and  discretion  of  Mr.  Brown.  Had  there  been 
informers  in  those  days  of  trial  and  peril,  the  large  reward  offered 
by  the  British  government  for  the  apprehension  of  the  leader  in 
the  destruction  of  the  Gaspee,  might  have  seriously  interferred 
with  the  plans  of  the  society. 

In  order  to  defray  the  additional  expense  of  purchasing  a  lot, 
and  of  building  a  house  sufficiently  large  to  accommodate  the 
College,  recourse  was  had  to  a  lottery.  This  was  in  accordance 
with  the  universal  practice  in  Rhode  Island  and  throughout 
the  colonies,  at  this  period.  The  lottery  was  divided  into  six 
classes,  the  time  and  place  of  drawing  which  were  notified  from 
time  to  time  in  the  PROVIDENCE  GAZETTE.  Eleven  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  seventy  tickets  were  sold,  at  prices  ranging  from 
two  and  one-half  to  five  dollars  each.  The  sum  proposed  to  be 
raised  by  this  scheme  was  two  thousand  pounds,  lawful  money, 
or  about  seven  thousand  dollars.  The  managers  appointed  by 
the  General  Assembly,  were  Nicholas  Brown,  John  Jenckes, 
William  Russell,  Benjamin  Thurber,  Edward  Thurber,  Nathaniel 
Wheaton,  Daniel  Tillinghast,  William  Holroyd,  James  Arnold, 
and  Nicholas  Power.  In  their  announcement  of  June  25,  1774, 
they  ask  for  the 

Cheerful  assistance  and  encouragement  of  the  public,  especially  when  it  is  consid 
ered  that  this  is  the  first  time  the  Baptist  society  have  solicited  their  assistance  in  this 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  251 

way,  which  they  can  assure  them  would  not  now  have  been  the  case  had  they  not 
purchased  as  much  more  land,  and  designed  a  house  as  much  larger  than  the  society 
required  for  their  own  use  (purposely  to  accommodate  public  Commencements),  as  will 
amount  to  the  full  sum  proposed  to  be  raised  by  this  lottery. 

On  Monday,  August  29,  was  the  "raising"  of  the  new  meeting 
house,  due  notice  of  which  had  been  given  in  the  papers.  A 
large  crowd  assembled,  and  the  occasion  seems  to  have  been 
made  a  general  holiday  throughout  the  town. 

During  the  following  year  the  house  was  so  far  completed 
that  it  was  occupied  by  the  society.  It  was  opened  for  public 
worship  on  Sunday,  May  28,  1775,  when  Dr.  Manning  preached 
the  dedication  discourse,  from  Genesis  xxviii,  17: — "And  he  was 
afraid,  and  said,  How  dreadful  is  this  place !  this  is  none  other 
but  the  house  of  God,  and  this  is  the  gate  of  heaven."  On  Tues 
day,  June  6,  the  raising  of  the  steeple,  which  occupied  nearly 
four  days,  was  finished.  The  plan  of  this  most  elegant  piece  of 
architecture  was  taken  from  the  middle  figure  in  the  thirtieth 
plate  of  Gibbs's  "  Designs  of  buildings  and  ornaments,"  represent 
ing  the  steeple  of  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  one  of  the  finest 
churches  in  London.*  It  measures  one  hundred  and  eight  feet 
from  the  top  of  the  tower,  and  one  hundred  and  eighty-five 
feet  from  the  ground  to  the  top  of  the  vane.  The  total  height 
of  the  steeple  is  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  feet.  The  house 
itself  is  eighty  feet  square.  The  roof  and  galleries  are  supported 
by  twelve  fluted  pillars,  of  the  Doric  order.  The  weight  of  the 
original  bell  was  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  fifteen  pounds, 
and  upon  it  was  the  following  motto :  — 

For  freedom  of  conscience  the  town  was  first  planted ; 

Persuasion,  not  force,  was  used  by  the  people  ; 
This  church  was  the  eldest,  and  has  not  recanted, 

Enjoying,  and  granting,  bell,  temple,  and  steeple. f 

*See  Knight's  "London  Illustrated,"  volume  V.,  page  195. 

t  Dissenters  in  Great  Britain  were  not  allowed  to  have  steeples  or  "bells  to  their  churches. 
To  this  prohibition  reference  is  undoubtedly  had  in  this  inscription. 


252  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

Fronting  each  of  the  four  streets  that  surround  the  house  is 
a  door,  and  fronting  Benefit  street  are  two  doors.  Thus  on  Com 
mencement  days,  and  on  other  public  occasions,  it  can  be  readily 
vacated.  Mr.  Joseph  Brown,  a  member  of  the  church,  was  the 
principal  architect,  and  Mr.  James  Sumner*  superintended  the 
building.  The  entire  expense  of  the  edifice  and  lot  was  upwards 
of  twenty -five  thousand  dollars.  When  we  consider  the  value 
and  scarcity  of  money  in  those  days,  the  perils  and  dangers  of 
an  impending  war  with  the  mother  country,  and  also  the  fact  that 
Providence  was  then  a  small  town,  containing,  when  the  building 
was  commenced,  a  population  of  only  four  thousand  three  hun 
dred  and  twenty-one,  according  to  the  official  numeration  of  the 
inhabitants,  we  are  amazed  at  the  genius  which  could  conceive, 
and  the  energy,  enterprise,  and  skill  which  could  successfully 
complete  so  great  an  undertaking.  Even  at  the  present  day,  the 
venerable  structure,  with  its  tall,  graceful  spire,  and  its  spacious 
enclosure,  shaded  by  stately  elms,  constitutes  one  of  the  chief 
attractions  of  the  city.  In  the  beginning  and  progress  of  this 
enterprise,  we  have  an  illustration  of  the  remarkable  influence 
which  Manning  must  have  exerted  over  the  people  of  his  care. 

Sunday  morning,  May  28,  18G5,  just  ninety  years  after  the 
first  dedication  of  the  house,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caldwell,  pastor  of  the 
church,  preached  an  historical  discourse  which  was  afterwards  pub 
lished.  An  extract  from  this  discourse  may  fitly  close  the  present 
account :  — 

You  can  follow  the  eighty-two  commencements  with  which  this  house  is  associated 
in  the  memory  of  so  many  children  of  the  College  ;  you  would  like  to  review  the  great 
public  events  which  have  been  here  commemorated, —  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1783,  the 
adoption  of  the  constitution  in  1789,  the  death  of  Washington  in  1800  ;  the  civic  and 

*Mr.  Howland  states,  (Stone's  Life,  etc.,  page  37,)  that  the  Boston  Port  Bill  drove  many 
carpenters  and  masons  away  from  that  town,  who  came  to  Providence  and  were  employed 
upon  the  meeting-house ;  and  that  Mr.  Sumner,  who  superintended  the  erection  of  the 
steeple,  was  one  of  them. 


COLLEGE    BUILDINGS.  253 

religious  occasions,  when,  in  praise  and  prayer,  when,  in  jubilee  or  humiliation,  the 
people  have  here,  as  in  some  common  temple,  acknowledged  the  God  of  power  and  of 
mercy. 

There  are  the  common  as  well  as  uncommon  days  and  Sabbaths ;  the  words  of  how 
many  lips,  once  eloquent  with  authority  or  persuasion,  now  hushed  in  death.  What  a 
history  is  enclosed  within  these  walls  !  What  a  shadowy  procession  of  persons  and 
events  going  in  and  out  here, —  funerals  and  weddings  and  baptisms;  sermons  whose 
memory  lingers  yet,  whose  influences  will  never  die  ;  and  then  the  more  spiritual  and 
interior  events  and  experiences  which  have  passed  through  the  souls  of  these  three 
generations ;  the  souls  which  have  here  bowed  to  the  authority  of  God,  and  melted 
into  love  before  the  Saviour's  cross  here  lifted  up  to  faith ;  the  vows,  uttered  and  unut- 
tered,  in  which  they  have  given  themselves  to  God  and  to  duty ;  the  viewless  winds  of 
the  Spirit  breathing  here,  and  leaving  blessed  fruits  which  ripen  glorious  and  abun 
dant  in  the  house  not  made  with  hands ! 

The  fine  steel  engraving  accompanying  the  present  sketch 
was  designed,  it  may  be  added,  by  James  S.  Lincoln,  an  artist  of 
Providence,  and  engraved  by  Messrs.  G.  G.  Smith  and  J.  W. 
Watts,  of  Boston. 


UNIVERSITY    GRAMMAR    SCHOOL 

ERECTED    IN    1810. 


the  m0nth  of  April,  1764,  the  Rev.  James  Manning,  as 
we  have  already  stated  in  our  Historical  Sketch,  opened  a 
Latin  School  in  the  town  of  Warren,  Rhode  Island,  with  a  view 
to  the  beginning  of  college  instruction.  This  School,  therefore, 
was  the  germ  of  the  future  College.  In  1770,  it  was  removed  to 
Providence,  and  for  two  years  was  carried  on  in  one  of  the  cham 
bers  of  the  Brick  School  House,  so  called,  now  the  Meeting  Street 
Grammar  School.  The  first  allusion  that  we  find  concerning  it, 
after  its  removal,  appears  in  the  GAZETTE,  in  an  account  of  the  first 
Commencement  held  in  Providence:  —  "The  business  of  the  day 
being  concluded,  and  before  the  assembly  broke  up,  a  piece  from 
Homer  was  pronounced  by  Master  Billy  Edwards,  one  of  the 
Grammar  School  boys,  not  nine  years  old."  This  Edwards  was  a 
son  of  the  Rev.  Morgan  Edwards,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
College.  He  graduated  in  1776,  at  the  early  age,  it  appears,  of 
fourteen.  In  1772,  the  School  was  removed  to  a  room  on  the 
lower  floor  of  the  new  College  edifice,  as  we  learn  from  the  fol 
lowing  notice,  which  was  also  published  in  the  GAZETTE  :  — 

Whereas  several  gentlemen  have  requested  me  to  take  and  educate  their  sons,  this 
may  inform  them,  and  others  disposed  to  put  their  children  under  my  care,  that  the 
Latin  School  is  now  removed,  and  set  up  in  the  College  edifice  ;  where  proper  attention 
shall  be  given,  by  a  master  duly  qualified,  and  those  found  to  be  the  most  effectual 
methods  to  obtain  a  competent  knowledge  of  grammar  steadily  pursued.  At  the 
same  time,  spelling,  reading,  and  speaking  English  with  propriety,  will  be  paiticularly 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  255 

attended  to.  Any  who  choose  their  sons  should  board  in  commons,  may  he  accommo 
dated  at  the  same  rate  with  the  students, — six  shillings  per  week  being  the  price. 
And  I  flatter  myself  that  such  attention  will  be  paid  to  their  learning  and  morals  as 
will  entirely  satisfy  all  who  may  send  their  children.  All  books  for  the  School,  as  well 
as  the  classical  authors  read  in  College,  may  be  had,  at  the  lowest  rate,  of  the  subscriber, 

!->  •!  T     1         1A        irr-70  JAMES     MANNING. 

Providence,  July  10,  1/72. 

The  following  year,  May  20,  1773,  President  Manning  thus 
writes  to  his  friend  the  Rev.  John  Ryland :  "  I  have  a  Latin 
School  under  my  care,  taught  by  one  of  our  graduates,  of  about 
twenty  boys."  This  graduate  was  the  Rev.  Ebenezer  David,  of 
the  class  of  1772.  How  long  he  continued  in  charge  of  the 
School  we  are  not  informed.  The  next  mention  of  it  appears  in 
the  following  advertisement,  which  we  also  copy  from  the  Provi 
dence  GAZETTE:  — 

A  Grammar  School  was  opened  in  the  school  room  within  the  College  edifice  on 
Monday  the  1 1th  instant,  in  which  the  same  mode  of  teaching  the  learned  languages  is 
pursued,  which  has  given  such  great  satisfaction  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  town. 

The  scholars  are  ako  instructed  in  spelling,  reading,  and  speaking  the  English 
language  with  propriety,  as  well  as  in  writing  and  arithmetic,  such  part  of  their  time 
as  their  parents  or  guardians  direct. 

College  Library,  March  22,  1776. 

Under  date  of  November  8,  1783,  President  Manning  writes 
to  his  friend  Dr.  Stennett,  "I  have  the  assistance  of  a  Tutor,  and 
a  Grammar  Master  keeps  School  in  the  College  edifice."  This 
was  William  Wilkinson,  who  had  just  graduated  at  the  Com 
mencement  in  September.  In  1784,  Manning  writes,  "He  is  a 
good  Master.  The  School  is  nearly  up  to  twenty."  Mr.  Wilkin 
son  retained  the  charge  of  the  School  until  1792.  He  was  emi 
nently  successful  as  a  teacher,  and  fitted  for  College  many  of  its 
distinguished  alumni.  In  1786,  the  School  was  removed  from 
the  College  edifice,  back  to  the  Brick  School  House,  on  Meeting 
street,  as  appears  from  the  following  advertisement  published  in 
the  GAZETTE:  — 


256  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

William  Wilkinson  informs  the  public,  that,  by  the  advice  of  the  School  Committee, 
he  proposes  removing  his  School  from  the  College  edifice,  on  Monday  next,  to  the  Brick 
School  House ;  and  sensible  of  the  many  advantages  resulting  from  a  proper  method  of 
instruction  in  the  English  language,  he  has,  by  the  Committee's  approbation,  associated 
with  him  Mr.  Asa  Learned,  as  an  English  instructor.  Those  gentlemen  and  ladies 
who  may  wish  to  employ  them  in  the  several  branches  of  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  English 
languages  taught  grammatically,  arithmetic,  and  writing,  may  depend  on  the  utmost 
attention  being  paid  to  their  children.  Greek  and  Latin  at  twenty-four  shillings  per 
quarter ;  English  at  sixteen  shillings. 

T>      .j  n  .  ,      OA   irrop  WILKINSON  AND  LEARNED. 

Providence,  October  20,  1786. 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  immediate  connection  of  the 
School  with  the  College  was  for  a  time  dissolved.  The  first 
mention  that  we  find  of  the  School  in  the  records  of  the  Corpo 
ration,  appears  under  date  of  September  4,  1794  :  — 

Voted,  That  the  President  use  his  influence  and  endeavor  to  establish  a  Grammar 
School  in  this  town,  as  an  appendage  to  this  College,  to  be  under  the  immediate  visita 
tion  of  the  President  and  the  general  inspection  of  the  town's  School  Committee,  and 
that  the  President  also  procure  a  suitable  master  for  such  School. 

In  accordance  with  this  vote  the  School  was  again  established 
in  the  College.  In  a  recent  notice  of  the  late  Philip  Allen,  a 
graduate  in  the  class  of  1803,  it  is  stated  that  "he  was  prepared 
for  College  in  the  Latin  School,  then  kept  in  the  north-west  corner- 
room  of  the  lower  story  of  the  old  College  building,  by  Jeremiah 
Chaplin,  afterwards  President  of  Waterville  College." 

Under  the-  date  of  September  7,  1809,  we  find  upon  the 
records  the  following:  — 

Voted,  That  a  suitable  building,  in  which  to  keep  a  Grammar  School,  be  erected 
on  the  College  lands,  provided  a  sum  sufficient  to  defray  the  expense  of  erecting 
said  building  can  be  raised  by  subscription,  that  said  School  be  under  the  management 
and  control  of  the  President  of  the  College,  and  that  Thomas  P.  Ives,  Moses  Lippitt, 
and  Thomas  Lloyd  Halsey,  Esqrs.,  be  a  committee  to  raise  said  sum,  and  cause  said 
building  to  be  erected,  and  that  they  erect  the  same  on  the  west  line  of  the  Steward's 
garden. 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS. 


257 


Voted,  That,  the  President  he  authorized  to  procure  a  master  to  teach  the  Grammar 
School  ordered  at  this  meeting,  and  that  if  a  sufficient  sum  be  not  raised  from  the 
scholars  to  pay  the  salary  of  the  master,  the  deficiency  be  paid  out  of  the  funds  of  this 
University. 

In  accordance  with  the  foregoing  instructions  the  committee, 
consisting  of  Messrs.  Ives,  Lippitt  and  Halsey,  proceeded  at  once 
to  procure  subscriptions,  and  to  erect  a  house  suitable  for  the 
purpose  in  view,  on  a  part  of  the  College  grounds  directly  oppo 
site  the  present  mansion-house  of  the  President.  It  was  built  of 
brick,  twenty-four  and  one-half  by  thirty-three  feet,  and  two 
stories  in  height.  The  whole  expense  was  $1,452,86,  which 
amount  was  obtained  from  one  hundred  and  eighteen  subscribers, 
mostly  citizens  of  the  town,  in  sums  ranging  from  one  hundred 
dollars  down  to  five,  three  and  two.  The  following  are  their 
names,  which  we  copy  from  an  original  document  on  file :  — 


Nicholas  Brown, 
Thomas  P.  Ives, 
Thomas  L.  Halsey, 
Moses  Lippitt,    - 
Richard  Jackson,  Jr 
Samuel  G.  Arnold, 
John  Rogers, 
John  Corliss, 
John  S.  Carlile,     - 
Sullivan  Dorr,    - 
Thomas  Arnold,     - 
James  Brown,    - 
William  Holroyd, 
Ephvaim  Bowen, 
Alexander  Jones, 
George  Jackson, 
William  Wilkinson, 
Nehemiah  Dodge, 
Samuel  Ames, 
Asa  Ames, 
William  Blodget,   - 
Samuel  Eddy,    - 
James  Rhodes. 
William  Jones,  - 
Peter  Grinnell, 
33 


$100  00! 
100  00' 
50  00 
50  00 
20  00 
30  00 
30  00  ! 
20  00: 
20  00 
30  00 
10 
20 
10 
20 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
10  00 
20  00 
10  00 
10  00 


Williams  Thayer, 
I  Moses  Eddy, 

George  A.  Hallo  well, 

William  Church,     - 

James  B.  Mason, 

Adams  &  Lothrop, 

Jonathan  Russell, 

Benjamin  Hoppin, 

Benjamin  Clifford, 

Caleb  Eavl,  - 
j  Isaac  Boorom,    - 
|  William  Taylor, 

Sanford  Branch, 
|  Salmon  Arnold, 

Stephen  Tillinghast,    - 

Richmond  Bullock, 

Ephraim  Talbot. 

G.  W.  Page, 

Burrows  Aborn, 
:  John  Bowers, 
!  Jacob  Soesman, 

Thomas  Thomson, 

Gustavus  Taylor, 

Benjamin  &  Charles  Dyer, 

Olney  Winsor, 


00 
00 


$15  00 
10  00 

8 

10 
20  00 
10  00 
20  00 
10  00 
10  00 

5  00 
10  00 


5 
5 

10 
10 
10 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10  00 


5  00 

5  00 

5  00 

12  50 

10  00 

10  00 

10  00 

5  00 


258 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


Christopher  Rhodes,    - 
Thomas  Sessions,   - 
Benjamin  T.  Chandler, 
Nathaniel  Searle,  Jr.,     - 
Obadiah  M.  Brown,    - 
William  H.  Mason, 
James  Burrill,  Jr., 
H.  P.  Franklin, 
Young  Seamans, 
Moses  M.  A  I;  well, 
Tristarn  Burges, 
Samuel  Bridgham, 
Wheeler  Martin, 
Cash,    - 

Ebenezer  Thomson, 
William  Bowen,     - 
Thomas  S.  Webb, 
Taft  &  Waterman, 
Oliver  Earle, 
Thomas  Coles, 
Philip  Allen, 
Samuel  Dexter, 
William  Valentine,     - 
Nathaniel  G.  Olney, 
Nicholas  Power, 
Greene  &  Carter, 
John  Dorrance, 
Thomas  C.  Hoppin, 
Nathaniel  Searle, 
D.  C.  Gushing,      - 
Samuel  P.  Allen, 
Samuel  Aborn, 
Joshua  B.  Wood, 
Walter  Paine, 
Cash, 

Alexander  Adie,    - 
Isaac  Pitman,     - 
Nathaniel  Pearce, 

We  should  be  glad  in  this  connection  to  present  a  complete 
list  of  all  the  Masters  of  the  Latin  or  Grammar  School  from  the 
beginning;  the  means  for  this,  however,  are  not  at  hand,  no 
mention  whatever  being  made  of  them  in  the  records  and  files 
of  the  Corporation.  The  following  names  have  already  been 
alluded  to,  viz.:  Kev.  James  Manning,  D.  D.,  1764-70;  Rev. 


$5  00   Samuel  Wheaton, 

$5  00 

10  00   Samuel  N.  Richmond,    - 

5  00 

10  00   Joseph  S,  Martin, 

10  00 

10  00    Cash.    - 

3  00 

15  00   George  Earle,     - 

5  00 

10  00  \  Israel  Bullock,       - 

5  00 

10  00  -j  George  W.  Hoppin,    - 

3  00 

5  00   Charles  Low, 

7  50 

10  00    Cash, 

42  00 

10  00  ;  Jesse  Comstock,     - 

5  00 

10  00  i  Earle  &  Branch, 

7  13 

5  00    William  Snow, 

5  53 

5  00  ;  Seth  Adams,      - 

2  00 

3  00   Joseph  Martin, 

3  33 

5  00  !  John  Carlile,      - 

5  00 

10  00  !  Asa  &  Smith  Bosworth, 

20  00 

10  00    Asa  Ames, 

10  00 

5  00    T.  P.  Clarke, 

3  00 

5  00    William  Almy, 

5  00 

10  00    Stephen  Dexter,     - 

10  00 

10  00  !  Edward  Dexter, 

8  00 

5  00   David  L.  Barnes, 

10  00 

15  00  !  Robert  Rogers, 

r  00 

10  00   Thomas  Tillinghast, 

5  00 

10  00   John  T.  Child, 

5  00 

5  00   William  Patten,     - 

5  00 

10  00   Lucius  Bolles,    - 

10  00 

5  00    Asa  Messer, 

10  00 

10  00    Simeon  Martin, 

10  00 

5  00    Nathan  B.  Crocker, 

10  00 

5  00  ;  Henry  Edes,       - 

5  00 

10  00    Moses  Lippitt,  additional. 

1   57 

5  00   Brown  &  Ives,  additional,  (they 

5  00          having  in  vain  attempted  to 

3  00          get  part  of  the  same  sub- 

5  00          scribed  by  others,)   - 

00  30 

10  00 

5  00              Total, 

1,452  86 

COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  259 

Ebenezer  David,  1772  —  ;  William  Wilkinson,  A.  M.,  1783-92  ; 
Rev.  Jeremiah  Chaplin,  D.  D.  Mr.  Chaplin  graduated  in  1799, 
and  as  he  instructed  Mr.  Allen,  who  was  admitted  to  the  College 
in  September  of  this  year,  he  must  have  devoted  a  portion  of 
his  time  to  the  Grammar  School  while  an  undergraduate.  The 
President  of  the  College,  it  will  be  observed,  had  the  general 
care  and  oversight  of  the  School,  employing  such  Masters  as  he 
pleased.  In  the  early  catalogues  of  the  College  we  find  the  fol 
lowing  names  of  "  Preceptors  of  the  Grammar  School,"  appended 
to  the  list  of  College  officers,  viz. :  Wood  Furman,  A.  M.,  1808  ; 
Rev.  Ebenezer  Burgess,  D.  D.,  1809 ;  Rev.  Harvey  Jenks,  1810 ; 
David  Avery,  1811-12  ;  George  Fisher,  1813 ;  Rev.  Solomon 
Peck,  D.D.,  1816;  Rev.  Willard  Pierce,  1818;  Rev.  Jesse  Hart- 
well,  D.  D.,  1819-21  ;  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  LL.  D.,  1822;  Rev.  Silas 
A.  Crane,  D.D.,  1823  ;  Prof.  George  W.  Keely,  LL.D.,  1824. 

Whether  the  School  was  continued  regularly  from  this  date, 
we  have  not  the  means  of  determining.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that  there  were  interruptions.  For  many  years  after  the  comple 
tion  of  the  building,  the  upper  part  was  used  for  the  Medical 
Lectures  that  were  formerly  given  in  connection  with  the  College. 
In  1837,  Mr.  Benjamin  H.  Rhodes,  of  the  class  of  1833,  took 
charge  of  the  School  and  continued  it  two  years.  In  1839,  he 
was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Joseph  S.  Pitman,  who  taught  it  for  a  short 
time.  In  1843,  Mr.  Elbridge  Smith,  who  had  been  a  Tutor  in 
College  during  the  two  preceding  years,  assumed  the  charge,  and 
the  following  year  Mr.  Henry  S.  Frieze,  a  graduate  in  the  class 
of  1841,  was  associated  with  him.  In  1845,  Mr.  Smith  left  the 
School,  and  his  place  was  supplied  by  Mr.  Merrick  Lyon,  also  a 
graduate  in  the  class  of  1841.  Under  their  joint  management 
the  UNIVERSITY  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  had  a  brilliant  and  successful 
career.  The  number  of  pupils  greatly  increased,  so  that  in  the 
year  1852  they  were  encouraged  to  make,  at  their  own  expense, 


260  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

an  addition  to  the  building  of  thirty-five  feet,  and  to  supply  the 
commodious  halls  and  rooms  thus  obtained,  with  all  the  modern 
conveniences  and  appointments  of  a  first  class  school.  The  pres 
ent  dimensions  of  the  building,  therefore,  are  twenty-four  and 
one-half  feet  by  sixty-eight.  In  1854,  Mr.  Frieze  accepted  a 
Latin  Professorship  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor, 
and  his  place  was  supplied  by  Dr.  Emory  Lyon,  who,  from  that 
time  onward,  has  had  charge  of  the  English  and  mathematical 
departments,  while  his  brother  has  had  charge  of  the  classical 
department.  Under  their  skillful  management  the  School  has 
increased  in  usefulness  and  reputation.  As  it  was  in  the  begin 
ning,  so  is  it  now,  a  most  important  help  to  the  College,  training 
for  admittance  thereto  large  numbers  of  scholars,  who  take  high 
rank  in  their  respective  classes,  and  thus  do  honor  to  their  early 
instructors.  As  an  illustration,  we  may  mention  that  during  the 
past  twenty  years  two  hundred  and  twelve  young  men  have 
entered  the  University,  who  were  prepared  for  College  at  the 
University  Grammar  School. 


HOPE     COLLEGE. 


ERECTED    IN    1822. 


HE  first  mention  made  of  this  building,  appears  on  the 
records  under  date  of  September  6,  1821 :  — 

Voted,  That  the  President,  and  Messrs.  Brown,  Ives,  Halsey,  Rhodes,  Jackson 
and  Dorr,  be  a  Committee  to  consider  on  the  propriety  of  erecting  another  College 
edifice,  or  other  building  or  buildings,  a  suitable  place  on  which  to  erect  the  same,  with 
a  plan  of  the  building  or  buildings,  and  generally  such  information  on  the  subject  as 
they  may  think  proper ;  and  that  said  Committee  report  at  the  adjourned  meeting  of 
this  Corporation. 

At  the  adjourned  meeting  aforesaid,  held   on   the   10th  of 
October  following,  it  was 


262  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Voted,  That  the  President  and  Messrs.  Brown,  Tves,  Halsey,  Rhodes,  Jackson 
and  Dorr,  be  a  Committee  to  select,  and  if  necessary  to  purchase  a  suitable  site  for 
another  College  edifice,  and  that  they  be  authorized  to  erect  the  edifice  on  such  plan 
and  of  such  dimensions  as  they  may  think  proper. 

Voted,  further.  That  said  Committee  be  authorized  to  solicit  donations  and  draw  on 
the  treasury  for  the  above  purpose. 

At  an  adjourned  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  on  the  13th 
of  January,  1823,  the  Committee  made  the  following  report,  viz. :  — 

The  Committee  appointed  in  September,  1821,  to  procure  a  suitable  piece  of  land 
and  erect  thereon  a  College  edifice,  beg  leave  to  refer  to  the  treasurer's  report  for  the 
3d  of  September,  1822,  for  particulars  concerning  the  lot  purchased  of  Mr.  Nathan 
Waterman.  On  this  lot  an  elegant  brick  building  of  the  following  dimensions,  has 
been  erected  by  Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  the  distinguished  patron  of  the  University,  in 
length  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  width  forty  feet,  four  stories  high,  and  containing 
forty-eight  rooms  ;  the  object  therefore  is  accomplished,  and  no  part  of  the  funds  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Committee  by  the  Corporation,  has  been  used  towards  said  build 
ing.  Mr.  Brown,  it  is  understood,  will  make  a  communication  on  the  subject  of  the 
new  College  edifice,  at  the  meeting  to  be  holden  by  adjournment  in  the  University 
Chapel,  on  Monday,  the  13th  of  January  instant,  to  which  communication  the  Com 
mittee  invite  the  attention  of  the  Corporation. 

Respectfully  submitted  by 

THOMAS  LLOYD  HALSEY, 

RICHARD  JACKSON, 

SULLIVAN  DORR, 

THOMAS  P.   IVES, 

ASA  MESS  EH, 

JAMES  RHODES, 

Brown  University,  January  11,  1822. 

Mr.  Daniel  Hale,  it  may  be  added,  was  the  master  mason,  and 
Mr.  Samuel  Staples,  the  master  builder. 

The  following  is  Mr.  Brown's  communication  to  which  the 
Committee  refer  in  the  foregoing  report: — 

To  THE  CORPORATION  OF  BROWN  UNIVERSITY:  — 

It  affords  me  great  pleasure,  at  this  adjourned  meeting  of  the  Corporation  to  state, 
that  the  College  edifice,  erected  last  season,  and  located  on  the  land  purchased  by  the 
Corporation  of  Mr.  Nathan  Waterman,  is  completed. 


COLLEGE    BUILDINGS.  263 

Being  warmly  attached  to  the  Institution  where  I  received  my  education,  among 
whose  founders  and  benefactors  was  my  honored  father,  deceased,  and  believing  that 
the  dissemination  of  letters  and  knowledge  is  the  great  means  of  social  happiness,  I 
have  caused  this  edifice  to  be  erected  wholly  at  my  expense,  and  now  present  it  to  the 
Corporation  of  Brown  University,  to  be  held  with  the  other  corporate  property,  accord 
ing  to  their  charter. 

As  it,  may  be  proper  to  give  a  name  to  this  new  edifice,  T  take  leave  to  suggest  to 
the  Corporation  that  of  "  Hope  College." 

1  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  express  a  hope  that  Heaven  will  bless  and  make 
it  useful  in  the  promotion  of  virtue,  science  and  literature,  to  those  of  the  present  and 
of  future  generations  who  may  resort  to  this  University  for  education.  With  respectful 
and  affectionate  regards  to  the  individual  members  of  the  Corporation, 

I  am  their  friend, 

NICHOLAS  BROWN. 

The  above  communication  having  been  read  by  the  Chancellor 
pro  tern,  Hon.  Kichard  Jackson,  it  was  thereupon, 

Resolved,  That  the  members  of  this  Corporation  entertain  a  very  high  sense  of 
the  liberality  of  this  patron  of  science,  in  the  gift  of  this  new  building,  in  addition  to 
his  former  large  donations  to  this  University. 

Resolved,  That  in  compliance  with  the  suggestion  of  the  donor,  the  new  edifice  be 
denominated  HOPE  COLLEGE. 

It  is  further  Resolved,  That,  the  Honorable  David  Howell,  Rev.  Henry  Edes, 
and  Stephen  H.  Smith,  Esq.,  be  a  Committee  to  devise  and  report  at  our  next  annual 
meeting  the  most  eligible  means  to  manifest  our  gratitude  for  this  illustrious  instance  of 
public  munificence. 

At  this  meeting  it  was  also 

Voted,    That  the  old  College  edifice  be  named  UNIVERSITY  HALL. 

Mrs.  Hope  Ives,  for  whom  the  new  edifice  was  named,  was 
the  only  surviving  sister  of  Mr.  Brown.  Their  grandparents 
were  Judge  Daniel  Jenckes,  whose  name  appears  conspicuous  in 
connection  with  the  history  of  the  College  charter,  and  Joanna 
Scott,  a  descendant  of  Eichard  Scott,  who  was  one  of  the  original 
founders  of  the  Colony  and  a  contemporary  of  Roger  Williams. 
Mrs.  Ives  was  born  on  the  22d  of  February,  1773.  In  the  year 


264  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

i 

1792.  March  6,  she  was  married  to  Thomas  Poynton  Ives,  Esq., 
by  the  Kev.  President  Maxcy.  Of  their  six  children,  the  first 
born  was  Mrs.  Charlotte  K.  Goddard,  and  the  fourth,  Mr.  Robert 
H.  Ives,  both  still  living.  The  second  child,  the  late  Moses  B. 
Ives,  died  August  7,  1857,  as  has  already  been  stated  in  our  His 
tory  of  the  College  Library.  Their  mother  died  August  21st, 
1855,  at  the  age  of  eighty-two,  "venerated,"  says  the  late  Dr. 
Wayland,  u  by  the  public,  beloved  by  the  good,  and  mourned  by 
the  widow  and  orphan." 

No  sum  is  anywhere  named  in  the  records  as  the  cost  of 
Hope  College.  From  other  sources,  however,  it  is  ascertained 
that  the  bills  for  its  erection  amounted  to  about  twenty  thousand 
dollars.  For  many  years  the  upper  rooms  of  the  north  division 
of  the  building,  have  been  occupied  by  the  Philermenian  and 
United  Brothers  Societies. 

This  building,  the  fourth  that  has  been  erected  exclusively  for 
the  College,  came  very  near  being  destroyed  by  the  devouring 
element  a  few  months  ago.  On  Wednesday,  December  5,  1866, 
at  a  quarter  to  twelve,  while  the  students  were  engaged  in  recita 
tion,  a  fire  broke  out  in  room  number  fifteen,  south  division. 
The  alarm  was  given,  and  through  the  vigorous  exertions  of  the 
students  it  was  speedily  subdued,  without  the  aid  of  the  fire 
department,  which  was  promptly  on  the  ground.  Had  it  been 
discovered  half  an  hour  later,  or  had  there  been  a  high  wind  at 
the  time,  Hope  College,  and  perhaps  Manning  Hall  adjoining, 
must  have  been  destroyed.  As  it  was,  considerable  damage  was 
done  in  the  room  where  the  fire  originated. 


MANNING     HALL. 

ERECTED   IN    1834. 


HIS  building,  as  has  already  been  stated  in  our  History 
of  the  College  Library,  was  erected  solely  at  the  expense 
of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  and  by  him  presented  to  the  Corpo 
ration,  with  a  request  that  it  might  be  called  MANNING  HALL,  in 
honor  of  his  distinguished  instructor  and  revered  friend,  Presi 
dent  Manning.  By  a  singular  oversight,  no  mention  is  made  of 
this  munificent  gift  in  the  records.  The  only  allusion  which  we 
find  to  the  building,  is  under  date  September  4,  1834  :  "Voted, 
That  the  Librarian,  after  the  books  shall  have  been  removed  to 
the  new  building,  be  required  to  attend  in  the  Library  room  from 


266  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

ten  to  twelve  o'clock.  A.  M.,  during  the  ordinary  College  terms." 
At  the  next  annual  meeting  it  was  "  Resolved,  That  the  Hon. 
Nicholas  Brown  be  requested  by  this  Corporation  to  sit  for  his 
portrait."  This  is  the  portrait  that  now  graces  the  collection  in 
Rhode  Island  Hall. 

Manning  Hall  is  composed  of  two  spacious  apartments,  one 
of  which  was  designed  for  the  Library,  and  the  other  for  the 
purposes  of  a  College  chapel.  To  these  uses  it  was  dedicated 
by  appropriate  literary  and  religious  exercises,  on  the  4th  of 
February,  1835,  at  which  time  a  discourse  was  delivered  by 
President  Wayland,  on  the  "  Dependence  of  Science  upon 
Revealed  Religion."  This  discourse  was  afterwards  published. 
The  following  original  ode,  by  Albert  G.  Greene,  Esq.,  of  the 
class  of  1820,  was  sung  on  the  occasion: — 

To  thee,  fair  SCIENCE,  to  thee, 
In  thy  courts  we  with  joy  and  with  gratitude  come  ; 

To  thee,  fair  Science,  to  thee, 
With  song  and  with  music  to  offer  the  dome, 
A  temple  for  thee,  for  thy  children  a  home : 
For  this,  to  its  portals  we  gladly  repair, 
And  make  vocal  its  walls  with  thanksgiving  and  prayer. 

To  thee,  loved  FREEDOM,  to  thee, 
We  offer  the  tribute  and  hallow  the  fane  : 

And  hence  may  the  sons  of  the  free 
Go  forth,  thy  great  cause  o'er  the  earth  to  maintain  : 
Oh  !  ne'er  be  their  hopes  nor  their  labors  in  vain  — 
Nor  this  roof  ever  echo  the  tread  of  the  slave, 
Which  is  reared  for  the  home  of  the  free  and  the  brave. 

To  thee,  pure  RELIGION,  to  thee, 
We  have  built  the  fair  temple,  made  sacred  the  shrine : 

And  ever,  blest  faith,  may  it  be 
Kept  holy  to  thee  and  thy  service  divine  ; 
It  is  Learning's — 'tis  Freedom's  —  'tis  Thine. 
Through  ages  unborn,  let  its  altar  still  be, 
Thou  God  of  our  fathers,  kept  holy  to  thee. 


•  COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  267 

The  following  original  ode,  by  another  Alumnus  of  the  Col 
lege,  (the  late  Bishop  Burgess,  of  Maine,)  was  sung  at  the  close 
of  the  exercises: — 

Ages  after  ages  urge 

On  and  on,  like  ocean  waves ; 
Soon  shall  break  the  future  surge 

O'er  our  long-forgotten  graves  : 
Yon  bright  bay  as  bright  shall  gleam, 

Yon  fair  city  rise  as  fair, 
Yon  rich  meads  as  richly  teem ;  — 

Other  eyes  shall  see  them  there. 

Yet  shall  Learning's  hoary  halls 

Win  the  vot'ry  step  of  youth ; 
Yet  shall  speak  these  echoing  walls, 

Sacred  still  to  sacred  truth  : 
And  must  ours  be  voiceless  sleep, 

Ours  an  image  left  on  nought, 
Lost  beneath  the  whelming  deep 

All  we  were  and  all  we  wrought? 

No  !  through  many  a  distant  age, 

Each  and  all  unchang'd  may  live ; 
No  !  to  form  the  future's  page 

Each  and  all  have  much  to  give : 
Patient  toils  and  worthy  aims, 

Guarded  trusts  and  cherish'd  powers, 
Blameless  lives  and  stainless  names, 

These  we  give,  if  these  be  ours. 

Clasp  we  then  the  brother  hand, 

Seal  the  compact,  fair  and  fast ; 
Long  as  these  lov'd  walls  shall  stand, 

That  unsullied  gift  shall  last ! 
Thou,  whose  truth  is  saving  might, 

Thou,  whose  love  is  strong  defence, 
Lift  the  Cross  of  life  and  light, 

Lift  it  here,  and  send  it  hence  ! 


268  BE  OWN     UNIVERSITY.     • 

The  cost  of  Manning  Hall  is  stated  by  Professor  Gammell,  in 
his  "  Sketch  of  the  educational  and  other  Benefactions  of  the 
late  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown/'  to  have  been  eighteen  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars.  It  is  an  exact  model  of  the  temple  of  DIANA- 
PROPYLEA,  in  Eleusis,  being  just  twice  the  size  of  the  original. 
The  plan  and  details  were  obtained  from  a  work  entitled,  "  The 
Unedited  Antiquities  of  Attica,  comprising  the  Architectural 
Remains  of  Eleusis,  Rharnnus,  and  Thericus.  By  the  Dilettanti 
Society."  Folio,  London,  1817.  The  following  description  of 
the  building  is  taken  from  one  of  the  notes  in  President  Way- 
land's  published  discourse : — 

This  College  edifice,  the  third  which  has  been  erected,  is  built  of  stone.  Includ 
ing  the  portico,  it  is  about  ninety  feet  in  length,  by  forty-two  in  width.  Its  height, 
from  the  top  of  the  basement,  is  forty  feet.  The  Library  occupies  the  whole  of  the  first 
floor,  and  is  a  beautiful  room.  In  the  centre,  it  is  ornamented  with  a  double  row  of 
fluted  columns.  The  Library  is  sixty-four  feet  by  thirty-eight,  and  is  thirteen  feet 
high.  The  Chapel  is  on  the  second  floor  It  exhibits  the  most  graceful  proportions. 
Its  length  and  breadth  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  Library.  Its  height,  however,  is 
not  less  than  twenty-five  feet.  The  front  of  the  edifice  is  ornamented  with  four  fluted 
columns,  resting  on  a  platform  projecting  thirteen  feet  from  the  walls.  Manning  Hall 
is  situated  between  University  Hall  and  Hope  College,  equidistant  from  each.  It  is 
of  the  Doric  order,  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  specimens  to  be  found  in  the 
country.  Mr.  Russell  Warren  was  the  architect ;  Mr.  Daniel  Hale,  the  master  mason; 
and  Messrs.  Tallrnan  &  Bucklin,  the  master  builders. 

In  1857,  the  Chapel  was  embellished  and  greatly  improved  at 
the  expense,  it  is  understood,  of  Messrs.  Brown  and  Ives.  The 
walls  were  painted,  the  ceiling  was  frescoed,  and  the  windows 
were  removed  to  give  place  to  new  ones,  with  ornamental  sashes, 
and  flock  and  stained  glass.  On  the  east  wall,  directly  over  the 
pulpit,  an  elegant  and  costly  mural  tablet  was  erected  in  honor 
of  Nicholas  Brown,  by  his  nephews,  Moses  B.  and  Robert  H.  Ives. 
The  tablet  was  made  at  the  marble  works  of  Tingley  Brothers, 
who  furnished  for  it  the  design.  Upon  it  is  the  following 
inscription :  — 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  269 

NICOLAUS.     BROWN.     A.     M. 

VlR.  INTEGRITATE.  INCORRUPTA 

SUMMA.  IN.  HOMINES. " BENEVOLENTIA 

PlETATE.  ERGA.  DEUM.  EXIMIA 

PR^DITUS 

VEKE.  BEATUS.  NON.   QUOD.  MULTA.   POSSEDERJT 
SED.  QUIA.  DEI.  MUNERIBUS.  UTI 

SciVIT.    CALLUITQUE 
UT.    NON.    SIBI.    VIVERET.     SED.    ALIOS.    BEATOS.     RKDDERET 

PT,ENA.  MANU.  ANIMOQUE.  LIBENTE.  INOPES.   ADJUVABAT 

BT.    OMNI  A.     CONSILIA.    ATQUE.    OPERA 

RELIGIONI.  MORIBUSQUE.  PUBLICIS.  SECUNDA 
PROMOVERE.  SEMPER.  LABORABAT 

DOCTRINAB.  AE.  LITERARUM 
OMNIUMQUE.  VERAE.  IIUMANITATIS.  STUDIORUM 

FAUTOK.  ERAT.  MUNIFICUS 
ATQUE.  HUIC.  UNIVERSITATI.  QUAE.  EJUS.  NOMINE.  GAUDET 

PATRONUS.  ET.  INSIGNE    PRAESIDIUM 

NATUS.  IV.   APRILIS.  M.  DCC.  LXIX 

OBIIT.  XXVII.  SEPTEMBRIS.  M.  DCCC.  XLI 

And  on  the  lower  part  of  the  Tablet : — 

MOSES.  BROWN.  IVES.  ET.  ROBERTUS.  HALE.  IVES 
AVUNCULI.   SUI.  IN.  PIAM.  MEMORIAM 

HANG.  TABULAM 

PON END AM.  CURAVERUNT 

M.  DCCC.  LVII 

In  1866,  a  handsome  tablet  of  white  marble  was  placed  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Chapel,  in  memory  of  the  students  and 
graduates  of  the  University,  who  have  fallen  in  the  recent  civil 
war.  It  was  dedicated  with  appropriate  services,  on  Tuesday 
afternoon,  September  4.  Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Prof.  Dunn, 
and  remarks  were  offered  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Mustin,  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  undergraduates,  by  whom,  and  at  whose  expense 
mainly,  the  enterprise  had  been  carried  forward.  Remarks  were 
also  made  by  Rev.  Prof.  Diman,  Gen.  A.  B.  Underwood,  of  New- 


270  BEOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

ton  Centre,  Massachusetts,  Bishop  B.  B.   Smith,  of  Kentucky, 
Abraham  Payne,  Esq.,  of  Providence,  and  Eev.  J.  B.  Simmons, 
of  Philadelphia,  all  graduates  of  the  University. 
The  inscription  reads  thus: — 

I.\  MEMORTAM  FRATRUM  SUORUM 

QUI  PKO  LIBERTATE 

ET  PRO  RETPUBLICAE  INTEGKITATK 

IN  BELLO  CIVILI  CECIDERUNT 

LITE  ii  ARUM  STUDIOSI 

IN    HAC     UNIVERS1TATE    COMMORANTES 
HANO    TABULAM    POSUKRUNT 

MDCCCLXVI. 

No  names  have  yet  been  inscribed  upon  the  tablet,  in  conse 
quence  of  the  difficulty  of  procuring  a  complete  list  of  the 
graduates  who  have  fallen  in  battle.  The  following  are  the 
names  reported  by  the  committee  at  the  dedication,  viz. :  Sulli 
van  Ballon,  of  Pawtucket,  a  member  of  the  Sophomore  class  in 
1849 ;  Charles  Bertrand  Randall,  of  Somerset,  Massachusetts, 
class  of  1852;  Robert  Hale  Ives,  of  Providence,  class  of  1857; 
William  H.  Kneass,  of  Philadelphia,  who  left  College  in  1858, 
while  a  member  of  the  Junior  class ;  James  Clark  Williams,  of 
New  York  city,  class  of  1861 ;  William  Ide  Brown,  of  Fisherville, 
New  Hampshire,  class  of  1862 ;  and  James  Peck  Brown,  of 
Rehoboth.  Massachusetts,  class  of  1863.  To  this  list  should  be 
added  the  name  of  Thomas  Poynton  Ives,  of  the  class  of  1854. 
He  did  not,  it  is  true,  fall  in  battle,  but  his  recent  untimely  death 
was  undoubtedly  occasioned  by  exposure  and  fatigue  during  the 
war.  Additional  names  will  be  found  when  the  roll  of  honor 
for  Brown  University,  now  in  course  of  preparation  by  Major 
Henry  S.  Burrage,  shall  be  fully  made  up. 

Within  a  few  years  the  exterior  of  Manning  Hall  has  been 
thoroughly  repaired  and  painted,  at  an  expense  of  thirty-five 
hundred  dollars,  the  amount  having  been  generously  subscribed 
for  this  purpose  by  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown. 


RHODE    ISLAND    HALL 


ERECTED    IN    1840. 


the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held  September, 

,  1836,  it  was 

Voted,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  devise  means  for  erecting  a  building 
for  lecture  rooms,  and  looms  for  the  reception  of  geological  and  physiological  specimens; 
and  that  Messrs.  Richard  J  Arnold,  Timothy  K.  Greene,  and  James  H.  Duncan,  be 
that  Committee. 

The  following  year  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  Committee,  appointed  last  year,  to  devise  means  for  erecting  a 
building  for  lecture  rooms,  etc.,  be  continued;  and  that  John  C.  Brown  be  added  to 
that  Committee. 


2*72  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Voted,  That  the  treasurer  (Moses  B.  Ives,  Esq.)  be  requested  to  consider  and 
report  on  the  expediency  of  improving  the  College  grounds. 

September  6,  1838,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  existing  Committee  on  the  subject  of  devising  means  for  erecting 
lecture  rooms,  etc.,  be  requested  to  proceed  ;  and  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Way  land  be  added 
to  that  Committee  ;  and  that  they  have  authority  to  erect  a  building,  as  soon  as  means 
may  be  obtained. 

The  Committee  now  consisted  of  Messrs.  Arnold,  Greene. 
Duncan.  Brown,  and  Wayland.  The  history  of  the  new  enter 
prise  from  this  point,  may  best  be  given  in  an  extract  from  the 
President's  annnal  report  of  the  Faculty  for  1839  :  — 

Nearly  two  years  since,  the  President  of  the  University  received  a  letter  from  a 
lady  interested  in  the  prosperity  of  the  Institution,  generously  offering  the  sum  of  five 
hundred  dollars,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  increase  of  the  means  of  instruction  in 
physical  science,  provided  the  additional  sum  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  should,  within 
a  specified  time,  be  subscribed  towards  the  same  object.  An  effort  was  made  to  raise 
the  requisite  sum,  but  it  unfortunately  failed.  The  lady  then  expressed  her  willingness 
to  contribute  the  same  amount,  in  aid  of  any  other  effort  which  might  be  made,  to 
promote  the  interests  of  learning  in  the  University. 

At  the  very  time  when  this  subject  was  in  agitation,  several  benevolent  gentlemen 
in  Providence  privately  expressed  to  some  members  of  the  Corporation,  a  willingness 
to  unite  in  any  attempt  that  might  be  thought  important  to  promote  the  prosperity  of 
the  Institution.  Soon  after  the  last  Commencement,  (1838,)  these  gentlemen  met  at 
the  house  of  the  President,  and  the  sum  of  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  (including  the 
offer  before  mentioned)  was  subscribed  towards  the  erection  of  an  additional  building 
to  be  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  physical  science.  After  considerable  effort  had  been 
made,  and  it  seemed  impossible  to  raise  the  subscription  to  the  required  amount,  the 
treasurer  of  the  University  received  from  the  munificent  benefactor  of  this  Institution, 
the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  a  letter,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy  :  — 

"PROVIDENCE,  March  18,  1831). 
"  MOSES  BROWN  IVES,  ESQ.,  TREASURER  or  BROWN  UNIVERSITY — 

"  DEAR  SIR  :  —  In  common  with  a  number  of  the  friends  of  Brown  University,  I 
desire  the  erection  of  a  suitable  mansion-house  for  the  President,  and  likewise  of 
another  College  edifice  for  the  accommodation  of  the  departments  of  Natural  Philosophy, 
Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  Geology,  and  Natural  History.  As  it  is  highly  important  that 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  273 

these  buildings,  so  necessary  to  the  welfare  of  the  Institution,  should  be  erected  with 
out  delay,  I  hereby  tender  to  the  acceptance  of  the  Corporation,  two  lots  of  land  on 
Waterman  street,  as  a  site  for  the  President's  house,  and  the  lot  of  land  called  the 
Hopkins  estate,  on  George  street,  as  a  site  for  the  College  edifice  ;  and  I  hereby  pledge 
myself  for  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  viz.  :  seven  thousand  dollars  for  the 
President's  house,  and  three  thousand  dollars  towards  the  erection  of  the  College 
edifice,  the  suitable  improvement  of  the  adjacent  grounds,  and  the  increase  of  the 
permanent  means  of  instruction  in  the  departments  of  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  etc., 
provided  an  equal  amount  be  subscribed  by  the  friends  of  the  University  before  the  first 
of  May,  next. 

"  I  am,  with  affectionate  regards,  and  great  personal  respect  for  all  the  friends  and 
patrons  of  the  University, 

tospeetfolly,  NICHOLAS  BKOWN." 

Encouraged  by  this  munificent  offer,  a  vigorous  effort  was  at 
once  made  to  secure  Mr.  Brown's  donation.  Within  the  time 
specified  the  requisite  sum  was  subscribed,  the  friends  of  the 
University  cordially  cooperating  in  a  movement  so  auspicious  to 
the  cause  of  good  learning.  The  following  are  the  subscribers' 
names : — 

Nicholas  Brown,        -                  -  $10,000  j  Zar.hariah  Allen,       -  $100 

Amasa  Manton,    -  1 ,000   James  Rhodes,      -  100 

Hope  Ives,       -                            -       1,000 ;  Horatio  N.  Slater,     -  100 

Thomas  J.  ?t«ad,  500  j  Samuel  W.  Bridgham,  100 

Amory  Chapin,  500   John  Barstow,  100 

Richard  J.  Arnold.       -  500  !  Peter  Pratt,  100 

Francis  Waylarid,      -  500  |  Josiah  Chapin,  100 

Moses  B.  Ives,     -  500   Benjamin  Aborn,  100 

Robert  H.  Ives,        -  500 ,  Matthew  Watson,      -  100 

William  G.  Gocldard,    -  500   Benjamin  Hoppin,  100 

Philip  Allen  &  Son,  500    Richard  W.  Greene,  100 

William  Spiague,  500  j  Richard  Waterman,       -  100 

Samuel  Waul  &  Brother,  500   James  H.  Duncan,   -  100 

John  Whipple,      -  300   Lyman  Tiffany,     -  100 

Seth  Adams,  Jr.,      -  200  j  Samuel  F.  Man,        -  100 

Thomas  Burgess,  200  j  Alexis  Caswell,     -  100 

Peter  Grinnell  &  Sons,      -  200  j  George  I.  Chace,       -  60 

Truman  Beckwith,  100  ,  Sarah  J.  Slater,    -  50 

Thomas  L.  Habey,  100  j  Samuel  B.  Tobey,     -  50 

Samuel  Lamed,    -  100  |  Thomas  M   Burgess,     -  50 


274  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Henry  A.  Bogers,  $50  '  William  Gammell,  $40 

Henry  P.  Franklin,       -  50  j  Joseph  Balch,  Jr..  20 

Elisha  Dyer,  Jr.,  50  I  Walter  S   Burgos,       -  i>() 

John  L.  Hughes,    -  50  !  Ezra  W.  Howard,  '20 

Thomas  C.  Hoppin,    -  50  j  William  P.  Bullock,  20 

John  Kin gsbury,    -  50  j  Henry  B.  Anthony,  10 

Thomas  F.  Carpenter,  50  i  Allen  0.  Peck.  10 

William  T.  Dorrance,      -  50  j  Samuel  W.  Peckham,      -  10 

Samuel  N.  Richmond,  50    C.  A.  Ballou,    -  10 

Isaac  Brown,  50    Henry  Earle.  10 

Lemuel  H.  Elliot,       -  50   Gamaliel  L.  D wight,  10 

Joseph  Mauran,      -  50 

James  F.  Simmons,    -  50  Total,    -  -     620,890 

Elizabeth  Waterman,       -  50 

With  the  exception  of  about  six  hundred  dollars,  the  whole 
of  the  foregoing  sum  was  subscribed  by  citizens  of  Providence 
and  vicinity.  Rhode  Island  Hall  was  opened  for  public  inspec 
tion  on  Commencement  day,  September  3,  1840;  and,  on  the 
day  following,  it  was  dedicated  to  the  uses  for  which  it  was 
built,  by  an  appropriate  address  from  the  late  Professor  William 
G.  Goddard.  Owing  to  the  sudden  illness  of  the  author,  the 
difficult  task  of  reading  the  manuscript  was  kindly  undertaken 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Crocker.  The  subject  of  the  address  was,  THE 
SOCIAL  INFLUENCE  OF  THE  HIGHER  INSTITUTIONS  OF  LEARNING.  It 
was  discussed  in  a  most  skillful  and  thorough  manner,  and  the 
thoughts  were  expressed  in  the  peculiarly  classical  and  elegant 
language  for  which  the  writer  was  distinguished.  We  sincerely 
regret  that  the  address  has  never  been  published,  in  accordance 
with  the  unanimously  expressed  wishes  of  the  Corporation.  The 
building  is  of  stone  covered  with  cement,  seventy  feet  long  by 
forty-two  feet  wide,  with  a  projection  in  front  of  twelve  feet  by 
twenty-six.  The  first  floor  is  divided  into  two  lecture  rooms,  one 
for  the  Professor  of  Chemistry,  the  other  for  the  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy.  The  second  story  is  thrown  into  an  ample 
and  beautiful  hall,  of  chaste  proportions,  for  the  cabinet  of  Miner 
alogy,  Geology,  and  other  similar  collections  of  the  University. 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  275 

Its  walls  at  present  are  adorned  with  the  portraits  of  distinguished 
graduates  and  friends  of  the  College,  and  those  who  have  acquired 
a  name  in  the  history  of  the  State.  This  hall  is  open  to  the  public 
on  Saturdays  in  the  afternoon,  and  is  often  visited  by  citizens  and 
strangers.  There  is  also  a  commodious  basement,  with  an  entrance 
on  George  street,  containing  a  chemical  laboratory,  and  other 
apartments  suitable  for  conducting  chemical  analysis,  and  the 
various  processes  of  Chemistry  applied  to  the  arts.  Messrs.  Tall- 
man  &  Bucklin  were  the  builders. 

We  may  add,  in  this  connection,  a  brief  account  of  the 
apparatus  for  the  two  lecture  rooms  in  Rhode  Island  Hall.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Benedict,  in  his  account  of  Brown  University,  in  1813, 
published  in  his  "  General  History  of  the  Baptist  Denomination," 
says :  — 

The  philosophical  apparatus,  though  not  so  large  as  those  of  older  universities,  is 
yet  respectable  for  its  extent  It  consists  of  an  orrery,  a  theodolite,  a  reflecting  teles 
cope,  solar  and  double  microscopes,  convex  and  concave  mirrors,  lenses,  globes,  an  air 
pump,  the  gift  of  the  late  Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  machinery  for  Hydrostatics,  Elec 
tricity  and  Mechanics,  together  with  such  other  articles  as  are  necessary  to  a  respectable 
course  of  experiments  in  Natural  Philosophy.  A  number  of  these  articles  were  pur 
chased  with  a  donation  of  five  hundred  dollars  from  the  late  Samuel  Elam,  Esq. 

Mr.  Elam  was  a  resident  of  Newport.  He  made  the  donation 
to  which  Benedict  refers,  in  1799,  "for  the  purpose  of  purchasing 
a  philosophical  apparatus  for  the  use  of  Rhode  Island  College." 
Whereupon,  the  Corporation,  at  a  special  meeting  held  October  14. 

RESOLVED,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Corporation  be  returned  to  Mr.  Elam,  for  his 
generous  and  very  acceptable  donation;  and  also  that  the  Hon.  Jabez  Bowen,  Esq., 
Chancellor  of  the  College,  be  authorized  to  accept  of  Mr.  Elam  the  above  mentioned 
donation  in  behalf  of  the  Corporation. 

President  Wayland,  in  his  Discourse  on  the  Life  and  Charac 
ter  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  published  in  1841,  further 
remarks :  — 


276  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  philosophical  apparatus,  which  had  been  purchased  at  different  times,  and  most 
of  it  at  a  remote  period,  had  become,  from  ordinary  wear  and  accident,  almost  unfit 
for  use.  With  the  exception  of  a  valuable  astronomical  clock,  and  an  excellent  transit 
instrument,  by  Troughton,  the  gift  of  Mr.  J.  0.  Brown  and  Mr.  R.  H  Ives,  the 
whole  of  it  was,  I  think,  inferior  to  that  which  at  present  we  frequently  see  in  the 
possession  of  many  of  our  high  schools  and  academies  By  the  liberality  of  Mr. 
Brown  and  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Thomas  P.  Ivos,  this  department  was  at  once  placed 
in  its  present  advantageous  position.  These  gentlemen  directed  the  Faculty  to  order, 
at  their  expense,  such  a  set  of  apparatus,  in  all  the  departments  of  experimental 
science,  as  the  wants  of  the  University  seemed  to  require.  These  instruments  were 
received  in  the  year  1829.  The  University  was  thus  furnished  at  once  with  as  ample 
means  for  philosophical  illustration  as  almost  any  in  our  country,  and  superior,  in  fact, 
to  those  possessed  by  many  similar  institutions  in  Europe. 

To  the  apparatus  thus  furnished,  large  additions  have  been 
made  from  year  to  year,  from  the  income  of  the  Library  fund, 
which  income,  according  to  the  original  conditions  of  subscription, 
is  "  to  be  appropriated  to  the  purchase  of  books  for  the  Library, 
and  apparatus  for  the  philosophical  and  chemical  departments  of 
Brown  University." 

Within  the  past  year  an  important  addition  has  been  made  to 
this  department  through  the  liberality  of  Messrs.  J.  C.  Brown 
and  R.  H.  Ives.  It  consists  of  Melloni's  heat  apparatus,  Ruhm- 
korff's  induction  coil  for  Electricity,  Duboscq's  lantern,  Bunsen's 
battery,  fifty  cups,  and  a  nine  prism  spectroscope.  The  expense 
of  this  addition,  it  is  understood,  was  about  two  thousand  dollars. 
The  University,  therefore,  has  now  excellent  facilities  for  illustrat 
ing  the  latest  discoveries  in  light  and  heat,  and  in  general  for  the 
study  of  the  natural  and  physical  sciences. 


PRESIDENT'S     H  0  U  S  E. 


E  It  EC  TED    IN    1840. 


HIS  is  a  commodious  house  of  graceful  proportions,  built 
of  wood,  as  the  engraving  represents.  Its  dimensions 
are  forty-six  by  thirty-seven  feet,  with  an  octagonal  projection  in 
front,  forming  a  vestibule.  The  lower  story  is  twelve  feet  high, 
and  the  chambers  are  ten  feet.  Over  the  front  door  is  an  Ionic 
portico,  eight  by  seven  feet.  The  addition  is  twenty-one  by 
eighteen  feet,  the  lower  story  being  eight  feet  high,  and  the 
chambers  seven  feet.  Attached  to  this  is  a  wood-house,  eighteen 
by  seventeen  feet.  The  builders  were  Messrs.  Tallman  &  Bucklin. 


278  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  house  fronts  on  George  street,  the  lot  being  bounded  on 
the  north,  east  and  south  by  Waterman,  Prospect  and  George 
streets.  It  was  occupied  by  President  Wayland  upon  its  comple 
tion  ;  and  here  he  held  his  customary  reception  or  levee  on  Com 
mencement  evening,  September  3,  1840.  Immediately  after 
wards  the  old  house,  which  stood  directly  opposite,  was  removed 
to  College  street,  a  little  below  Benefit,  where  it  now  forms  a  part 
of  the  wooden  block  of  buildings  in  that  vicinity.*  A  solitary 
pump  without  a  handle  still  indicates  the  former  site. 

Agreeably  to  the  original  design,  as  has  already  been  stated, 
the  grounds  in  front  of  the  University  buildings  were  at  this  time 
graded  and  adorned  with  gravelled  walks ;  the  Lombardy  poplars, 
planted  in  1803,  by  Ezekiel  Robins,  according  to  the  records, 
were  removed,  and  their  places  supplied  by  the  hardy  and  grace 
ful  elms ;  and  the  whole  College  enclosure  was  surrounded  by  a 
new  and  handsome  paling,  making  it,  in  the  language  of  Presi 
dent  Wayland,  "  an  ornament  to  the  city  of  Providence,  and  one 
of  the  loveliest  spots  in  New  England." 

In  the  year  1854,  the  Corporation  erected  a  substantial  brick 
barn  for  the  accommodation  of  the  President,  on  Prospect  street, 
at  the  rear  end  of  the  Grammar  School  lot.  The  cost  of  this 
improvement,  as  appears  from  the  Treasurer's  report  for  Septem 
ber,  1855,  was  a  little  less  than  twenty-five  hundred  dollars. 

*On  page  246,  it  is  stated  inadvertently  that  the  old  house  was  removed  in  1839.     Presi 
dent  Wayland  occupied  the  old  house  until  the  new  one  was  completed. 


CHEMICAL    LABORATORY 


EJECTED   IN    1862. 


REAT  advances  have  been  made  in  the  science  of  Chemistry 
within  the  past  few  years,  creating  a  demand  for  improved 
facilities  for  instruction  in  this  department  of  learning,  intimately 
connected  an  it  is  with  manufacturing  interests  and  industrial 
pursuit:-.  To  this  demand  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University 
have  promptly  responded.  A  neat  and  substantial  Laboratory, 
combining  utility,  economy  and  beauty,  in  harmonious  propor 
tions,  has  been  erected  on  the  east  side  of  the  College  campus,  at 
an  expense,  including  the  cost  of  apparatus  and  fittings,  of  about 
fifteen  thousand  dollars.  Subscriptions  for  this  object,  to  the 
amount  of  fourteen  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars, 


280  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

were  obtained  mostly  through  the  exertions  of  Nathaniel  P.  Hill, 
formerly  the  Professor  of  Chemistry  applied  to  the  arts.  The 
additional  expense  of  about  one  thousand  dollars,  was  provided 
for  from  the  general  funds  of  the  University.  The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  subscribers:  — 


Seth  Padelford,  -  $5,000 

John  Carter  Brown,  2,000 

Thomas  P.  Shepard,  -                   1,000 

Horatio  N.  Slater,      -  -         -      1,000 


Amos  D.  &  James  Y.  Smith,  1,000 

Cash,  (to  be  expended  by  Prof.  Hill,)  1,000 


Julia  Bullock,  -                             $5CO 

Royal  C.  Taft,  300 

Cyrus  Taft,  -  100 

John  F.  Chapin,  ...          100 


J.  P.  Balch  &  Son,  -                      100 

Cash,  100 

Robert  H.  &  T.  P.  Ives,              -     1,000 1     "  50 

Earl  P.  Mason,      -  500  I 

Nathaniel  P.  Hill,     -                           500  i          Total,  $14,250 

The  building  was  completed  and  occupied  in  the  early  part  of 
1863.  It  is  of  the  mediaeval  Italian  style,  or  more  strictly  speak 
ing,  the  Italian  Gothic.  Its  dimensions  are,  two  stories  in  height, 
fifty  by  forty  feet,  with  a  projection  on  the  east  side  thirty-five 
by  fifty-five  feet.  The  walls  are  of  brick,  built  hollow,  faced  on 
the  outside  with  Danvers  pressed  bricks,  and  "rendered"  on  the 
inside  with  plaster.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  Vermont  slates, 
laid  in  alternate  bands  of  purple  and  green.  The  underpinning 
of  the  entire  structure  consists  of  red  granite  from  the  Westerly 
quarries,  capped  with  olive-colored  freestone.  The  window  open 
ings  have  segment  or  semi-circular  heads,  with  olive  and  brown 
freestone  voussoirs,  the  extrados  of  which  are  cut  to  form  a 
pointed  arch.  The  principal  entrance  doorway  is  decorated  with 
olive-colored  freestone.  The  band  course  beneath  the  main  cor 
nice  and  window  sills,  are  of  the  same  material,  from  the  Albert 
Quarry,  so  called,  in  Nova  Scotia.  The  chairman  of  the  building 
committee,  Thomas  P.  Shepard,  Esq.,  superintended  the  work,  to 
whose  unwearied  pains,  and  especially  to  the  professional  labors  of 
the  architect,  Mr.  Alpheus  C.  Morse,  the  friends  of  the  University 
are  largely  indebted,  for  the  substantial  character  of  the  building, 


COLLEGE     BUILDINGS.  281 

the  thoroughness  of  its  workmanship  in  its  several  parts,  and  the 
economy  and  skill  shown  in  all  its  financial  details  and  results. 

For  all  the  interior  arrangements,  as  well  as  the  general  plans 
of  the  building,  credit  is  justly  due  to  Professor  Hill,  and  to  his 
associate,  Prof.  John  Peirce.  These  gentlemen  had  for  several 
years  given  great  attention  to  this  department  of  science,  the 
former  having  visited  the  best  laboratories  in  the  country,  with 
a  view  to  the  ultimate  erection  of  a  suitable  laboratory  at  Brown 
University,  while  the  latter  had  spent  some  time  in  Europe. 
They  were  therefore  enabled  to  introduce  into  it  the  best  features 
of  those  which  they  had  examined,  together  with  important 
improvements. 

The  appointments  of  the  Laboratory  are :  — 

1.  An    analytical    laboratory,    capable   of   accommodating 
thirty-four  students. 

2.  A  technical  laboratory,  for  special  investigations. 

3.  A   library   room.      Here    are    already    upwards   of  five 
hundred  volumes  of  choice  works  on  Chemistry,  together  with 
delicate  balances,  and  other  costly  instruments. 

4.  An  apparatus  room. 

5.  The  private  laboratories  of  the  professors. 

6.  A  lecture  room,  with  which  are  connected  two  prepara 
tory  rooms. 

7.  A  photograph  room. 

8.  A  dark  room  for  photometric  experiments. 

9.  Five  large  basement  rooms  for  storage. 

The  apparatus  and  fittings  for  these  rooms  were  made  by 
Thomas  Phillips  &  Co.,  of  Providence,  from  plans  furnished  by 
Prof.  Hill.  From  these  same  plans,  it  may  be  added,  these  gen 
tlemen  have  recently  furnished  the  laboratories  of  Columbia, 
Yale,  and  Amherst  Colleges,  and  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic 
Institute,  of  Troy. 


282  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

We  close  this  account  of  the  Laboratory,  with  the  following 
extract  from  the  annual  catalogue  : — 

CHEMISTRY  APPLIED  TO  THE  ARTS. 

The  Chemical  Laboratory  is  open  to  students  (except  on  Saturdays)  from  9  to  12 
A.  M.,  and  from  3  to  6  P.  M. 

It  is  the  design  of  this  department  to  teach  students,  first,  Analytical  Chemistry, 
and  then  to  direct  their  studies  to  the  practical  applications  of  Chemistry.  Particular 
attention  is  given  to  Metallurgy,  Pharmacy,  Medical  Chemistry,  and  to  the  applica 
tions  of  Chemistry  to  manufacturing  processes. 

The  course  is  not  confined  to  undergraduates;  other  persons,  if  prepared  to  pursue 
the  study  to  advantage,  are  admitted  to  the  Laboratory.  A  knowledge  of  General 
Chemistry,  however,  is  necessary  to  profitable  study  in  this  department. 

The  expenses  for  students  who  take  a  course  of  two  hours  daily,  are  (for  a  term  of 
twenty  weeks)  as  follows:  — 

Tuition,  $15.00 

Charge  for  Gas,  Chemicals,  etc  ,    -  18.33 

To  this  must  be  added,  the  charges  for  breakage,  (varying  with  the 

student's  care,)  about        -  3.00 

Total,     -  $36.33 

Students  who  take  courses  of  four  hours  or  of  six  hours  daily,  pay  respectively 
double  or  treble  the  above  amounts. 

JOHN  H.  APPLETON,  Instructor  in  Analytical  Chemistry. 
CHARLES  M.  STILLWELL,  Assistant  Instructor. 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS 


RHODE  ISLAND  HALL. 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS. 


HE  Collection  of  Portraits  in  Rhode  Island  Hall  now  com 
prises  thirty-one,  many  of  them  painted  from  life.  They 
represent  men  of  all  ranks  and  professions,  and  include  not  only 
benefactors,  officers  and  graduates  of  the  College,  but  also  soldiers, 
statesmen  and  divines,  who  have  distinguished  themselves  in  the 
annals  of  Ehode  Island.  Most  of  them  have  been  obtained,  it 
will  be  observed,  through  the  active  exertions  of  the  Hon.  John 
R.  Bartlett,  to  whom  the  thanks  of  a  grateful  public  are  justly 
due.  An  enterprise  so  auspiciously  begun,  should  be  continued 
from  year  to  year,  until  the  Collection  shall  at  least  approach 
more  nearly  to  completion.  The  following  brief  historical  account 
will,  it  is  hoped,  be  useful  for  reference,  and  help  to  awaken  new 
interest  in  this  department  of  the  College :  — 

1.  REV.  JAMES  MANNING,  D.  D.,  first  President  of  the  College. 
Born,  1738 ;  graduated  at  College  of  New  Jersey,  1762 ; 
died,  1791. 

An  uncommonly  fine  portrait  of  the  distinguished  scholar  and  divine,  to  whose 
untiring  and  philanthropic  exertions  the  College  may  be  said  to  owe,  if  not  its  origin, 
at  least  its  continued  existence  and  prosperity  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
It  was  painted  from  life  in  the  year  1770,  by  Cosmo  Alexander,  a  Scotch  artist,  who 
came  from  Edinburgh  to  Newport  about  this  time,  and  who  is  said  to  have  been  the 


286  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

patron  of  Gilbert  Stuart,  giving  him  his  first  lesson  in  drawing.  An  account  of 
Alexander  may  be  found  in  "  Dunlap's  History  of  the  Arts  of  Design  in  the  United 
States."  From  this  portrait  was  engraved  the  excellent  likeness  accompanying  MAN 
NING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  and  also  the  present  work.  In  the  summer  of  1864 
it  was  restored  to  its  original  freshness  and  beauty,  by  George  Howorth  &  Son,  of 
Boston,  and  encased  in  an  elegant  modern  frame,  at  the  expense  of  Mr.  John  Carter 
Brown.  A  portrait  of  the  wife  of  President  Manning,  also  painted  by  Alexander,  is 
in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  Eliza  B.  Rogers. 

2.  REV.  DR.  MANNING.     A  second  portrait. 

This  was  painted  from  the  original  by  Mr.  James  S.  Lincoln,  of  Providence,  at 
the  expense  of  Messrs.  Brown  &  Ives.  and  by  them  pre5onted  to  the  Corporation 
about  the  year  1840. 

3.  HON.  NICHOLAS   BROWN,   the  distinguished  benefactor  of  the 

University,  and  from  whom  it  derives  its  name.      Born, 
1769;  graduated,  1786;  died,  1841. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held  September  3,  1835,  it  was 
resolved,  "That  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  be  requested  by  this  Corporation  to  sit 
for  his  portrait,"  and  "That  Messrs.  Robert  E.  Patti>on  and  Moses  B.  Ives  be  a 
committee  to  present  this  request  and  to  carry  the  resolution  into  effect."  In  accord 
ance  with  this  resolve  a  full  length  portrait  of  Mr.  Brown  was  painted  during  the 
following  year,  by  Chester  Harding,  of  Boston,  the  distinguished  American  portrait 
painter. 

4.  REV.  FRANCIS  WAYLAND,  D.  D.?  LL.  D.,  fourth  President  of  the 

College  or  University.     Born,  1796  ;   graduated  at  Union 
College,  1813;  died,  1865. 

This  is  a  full  length  portrait,  by  George  P.  A.  Healy,  of  Boston.  The  subject  is 
represented  as  standing  on  the  platform  in  front  of  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church,  with  his  Commencement  robe  and  cap,  in  the  act  of  giving  to  the  graduating 
class  the  customary  rolls  of  parchment.  It  was  painted  at  the  expense  of  Mr.  John 
Carter  Brown,  and  by  him  presented  to  the  Corporation  about  the  year  1846. 

5.  REV.  ADONIRAM  JUDSON,  D.  D.,  the  distinguished  missionary  to 

Burmah.     Born,  1788  ;  graduated.  1807  ;  died,  1850. 

This  is  a  half  length  portrait  also  by  Healy.  It  was  presented  to  the  Corporation 
in  September,  184G,  as  appears  by  the  following  extract  from  the  records:  "  The 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS.  287 

President  read  a  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Caswell,  Rev.  Dr.  Granger,  and  Deacon  James 
H.  Read,  committee  of  the  First  Baptist.  Church,  presenting  to  the  Corporation  a 
splendid  portrait  of  the  Rev.  Adoniram  Jud^on,  D.  D.,  arid  requesting,  that,  if 
accepted,  it  may  be  placed  in  a  conspicuous  place  in  some  of  the  halls  of  the  College." 

6.  WILLIAM  CODDINGTON,   the   first   Governor  of   Khode  Island. 

Born,  1601;  died,  1678. 

This  was  copied  from  an  original  portrait  in  the  Council  Chamber  in  Newport,  by 
Thomas  Mathewson,  Esquire. 

7.  ESEK  HOPKINS,  the  first  Commodore  in  the  American  Navy. 

Born,  1718;  died,  1802. 

Painted  by  Mr.  M.  J.  Heade,  of  Providence,  from  a  mezzotint  engraving  executed  in 
London,  and  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown.  Commodore  Hopkins 
was  a  brother  of  Governor  Stephen  Hopkins,  the  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence.  His  daughter  Susan  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Maxcy,  the  second  President 
of  the  College. 

8.  ABRAHAM  WHIPPLE,  the  daring  Commodore  in  the  American 

War.     Born,  1733  ;  died,  1819. 

This  is  a  full  length  portrait,  copied  by  Mr.  Heade  from  an  original  in  the  posses 
sion  of  his  grandson,  Dr.  William  Comstock,  of  Middletown,  Massachusetts. 

9.  MOSES  BROWN,  the  youngest  of  the  "Four  Brothers/'  and  a 

munificent  patron  of  the  Friends'  Yearly  Meeting  Board 
ing  School.     Born,  1738;  died,  1836. 

Painted  by  Mr.  Heade,  from  an  original  sketch  by  W.  J.  Harris. 

10.  COLONEL  WILLIAM  BARTON,  the  daring  captor  of  Major-Gen 

eral  Prescott.     Born,  1747;  died,  1831. 

Copied  by  Mr.  Lincoln,  from  an  original  portrait  in  the  possession  of  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Cushman. 

11.  GILBERT  STUART,  the  celebrated  American  portrait  painter. 

Born,  1756  ;  died,  1828. 

Painted  by  his  daughter,  Miss  Jane  Stuart,  from  an  original  miniature  in  her 
possession. 


288  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

12.  SAMUEL  SLATER,  the  father  of  American  manufactures.    Born, 

1768;  died,  1835. 

Painted  by  Mr.  Lincoln,  from  an  original  portrait  also  by  him. 

13.  THOMAS  POYNTON  IVES,  a  distinguished  Providence  merchant, 

and  a  benefactor  of  the  College.     Born,  1769  ;    died,  1835. 
Copied  by  Mr.  Lincoln,  from  an  original  picture  by  Harding. 

14.  HON.  TRISTAM  SURGES,  LL.  D.,  the  distinguished  orator  and 

statesman.     Born,  1770;  graduated,  1796;  died,  1853. 
An  original  portrait  painted  by  C.  B.  King,  Esq.,  of  Washington,  and  presented 
by  him  to  the  Corporation. 

15.  HON.  HENRY  WHEATON,  LL.  D..  the  distinguished  author  of 

"Elements  of  International  Law."     Born,  1785  ;  graduated, 
1802 ;  died,  1848. 

Copied  by  Mr.  Heade,  from  an  original  portrait  by  Healy,  in  the  Council  Chamber, 
of  Providence. 

16.  COMMODORE  OLIVER  HAZARD  PERRY,  the  hero  of   the  naval 

engagement  on  Lake  Erie.     Born,  1785;  died,  1820. 

Painted  by  Miss  Jane  Stuart,  from  an  original  portrait  by  her  father,  Gilbert 
Stuart. 

The  following  letter  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Corpo 
ration,  gives  the  history  of  the  portraits  numbered  6  to  16  :  — 

PROVIDENCE,   August  21,  1857. 

SIR: — I  am  directed  by  the  gentlemen  at  whose  expense  the  portraits  of  the 
distinguished  men  of  Rhode  Island  have  been  presented,  to  place  them  at  the  disposal 
of  the  Corporation  of  the  University,  with  the  desire  that  they  may  be  arranged  in  some 
suitable  hall  where  they  may  at  all  times  be  accessible.  The  Collection  includes  the 
portraits  of  Go v.  Coddington,  Com.  Hopkins,  Com.  Whipple,  Com.  Perry,  Col.  Barton, 
Moses  Brown,  Henry  Wheaton,  Gilbert  Stuart,  Samuel  Slater,  Thomas  P.  Tves,  and 
Tristam  Burges. 

The  following  arc  the  names  of  those  at  whose  expense  the  Collection  has  been 
made,  viz.  :  John  Carter  Brown,  Moses  B.  Ives,  Robert  H.  Ivcs,  Amos  D.  Smith, 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS.  289 

James  Y.   Smith,  Philip  Allen  &  Son,  Elisha  Dyer,  Benjamin  Hoppin,  Horatio  N. 
Slater,  Charles  B.  King,  Mrs.  Charlotte  R,  Goddard. 

I  am,  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  R.  BARTLETT. 

The  three  following  portraits,  and  those  numbered  21-26, 
were  also  obtained  through  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Bartlett:  — 

17.  HON.  ASHER  ROBBINS,  LL.  D.,  a  distinguished  scholar  and  states 

man,  and  the  first  Librarian  of  the  College.     Born,  1757; 
graduated  at  Yale  College,  1782;  died,  1845. 

Painted  from  life  by  the  late  Charles  King,  of  Newport,  and  by  him  presented  to 
the  University. 

18.  REV.  GEORGE  BERKELY,  D.  D.,  the  celebrated  Irish  prelate  and 

philosopher.     Resided  at  Newport  in  the  years  1729-31. 

Painted  by  Henry  0.  Pratt,  of  Boston,  from  an  original  by  Smibert,  a  Scotch 
artist,  who  died  in  Boston,  in  1751.  Mr.  Smibert  came  to  this  country  with  Berkely, 
and  for  a  time  resided  with  him  as  a  member  of  his  family. 

19.  REV.   WILLIAM   ELLERY    CHANNING,  D.  D.,   the    distinguished 

Unitarian  divine.     Born,  1780;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege,  1798;  died,  1842. 

This  is  a  fine  painting,  copied  from  an  original,  by  Henry  C.  Pratt. 

20.  REV.  NATHAN  B.  CROCKER,  D.  D.,  the  venerable  Rector  of  St. 

John's  Church.     Born,  1781;    graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege,  1802;  died,  1865. 

A  full  length  portrait,  painted  from  life  by  Mr.  D.  Huntington,  of  New  York. 

The  following  communication  respecting  it  deserves  a  place  in  a  documentary  his 
tory  of  the  College.     We  give  it  to  our  readers  in  full :  — 
To  THE  CORPORATION  OF  BROWN  UNIVERSITY:  — 

In  the  month  of  May  last  a  few  gentlemen  of  this  city  met  by  common  agreement 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  in  what  manner  there  might  be  appropriately  expressed 
to  Rev.  Nathan  B.  Crocker,  L>.  D.,  the  venerable  Rector  of  St.  John's  Church,  the 
high  respect  and  esteem  in  which  his  character  and  services  have  long  been  held  by 
his  fellow-citizens  of  Providence.  The  gentlemen  thus  meeting  were  not  connected 
with  Dr.  Crocker  by  ecclesiastical  associations,  and  their  only  object  was  to  devise  a 
37 


290  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

suitable  mode  of  giving  expression  to  what  they  well  knew  to  be  the  common  sentiment 
among  all  classes  of  the  community.  At  this  meeting  it  was  determined  to  request  Dr. 
Crocker  to  sit  for  his  portrait,  to  be  executed  by  some  artist  of  distinction,  and  to  be 
placed,  when  finished,  with  the  consent  of  the  Corporation,  in  Rhode  Island  Hall,  with 
the  other  portraits  belonging  to  the  University.  At  the  same  time  the  undersigned 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  carry  this  determination  into  immediate  execution.  In 
order  to  give  as  general  a  character  as  practicable  to  the  proceeding,  it  was  also  decided 
to  fix  the  subscriptions  for  accomplishing  the  purpose  at  the  uniform  rate  of  one  dollar 
for  each  person. 

In  accordance  with  the  general  idea  thus  indicated,  the  undersigned  have  performed 
the  grateful  duty  which  was  assigned  to  them.  Immediately  on  obtaining  the  consent 
of  Dr.  Crocker,  they  engaged  the  services  of  Mr.  D.  Huntington,  of  New  York,  an 
artist  of  high  reputation  in  this  department  of  his  art.  They  also  set  on  foot,  in  differ 
ent  portions  of  the  community,  the  subscriptions  which  were  required  for  defraying  the 
expense.  The  portrait  has  now  been  executed  by  Mr.  Huntingdon  with  eminent 
success.  It  possesses  not  only  great  fidelity  to  the  form  and  features  it  was  designed 
to  portray,  but  also  superior  excellence  as  a  work  of  art,  and  it  will  not  fail  to  com 
mend  itself  to  those  who  may  look  upon  it,  as  a  beautiful  specimen  of  artistic  execution. 

The  entire  professional  life  of  Dr.  Crocker  has  been  spent  among  the  people  of 
Providence.  In  an  age  that  has  been  filled  with  changes,  it  has  been  distinguished 
for  its  uniform  and  unambitious  fidelity,  and  it  strikingly  illustrates  the  happy  results 
of  permanence  and  stability  in  the  relations  of  a  Christian  minister  to  the  community 
in  which  his  lot  is  cast.  He  was  born  in  Barnstable,  Massachusetts,  July  4,  1781. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1802,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  he  came 
to  Providence,  and  conducted  public  worship  in  St.  John's  Church  as  Lay  Reader 
until  the  following  May,  when  lie  was  ordained  a  Deacon  in  the  Episcopal  Church. 
In  June,  1804,  he  was  ordained  a  Presbyter,  and  soon  afterwards  was  established  as 
Rector  of  the  parish  of  St.  John's  —  the  office  in  which  he  has  continued  to  the  present 
time.  He  is  now  the  oldest  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the 
United  States,  and  for  more  than  fifty  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  each  of  its 
triennial  conventions,  excepting  only  the  last.  At  Commencement,  in  1808,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Fellows  of  Brown  University  —  a  post  which  he 
still  continues  to  fill,  and  which  has  connected  him  with  the  government  and  care  of 
the  University  for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  person,  whether  living  or  dead,  whose 
name  is  recorded  in  its  annals.  Within  this  period  he  has  also  been  Secretary  of  the 
Corporation  fifteen  years,  and  a  member  of  the  library  committee  more  than  sixteen 
years.  This  briefest  outline  of  his  long  career,  extending  through  nearly  two  genera 
tions,  will  suggest  to  every  mind  the  services  which  constitute  his  preeminent  title  to 
the  gratitude  and  honor  both  of  this  city  and  the  University. 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS.  291 

H aving  now  fulfilled  the  purpose  for  which  we  were  appointed,  it  only  remains  that 
we  present  the  work,  with  whose  execution  we  have  been  intrusted,  to  the  body  for 
whose  custody  it  was  originally  designed  We,  therefore,  respectfully  request  the  Cor 
poration  to  accept  this  portrait  for  the  University,  in  behalf  of  the  numerous  subscribers 
whose  names  are  herewith  communicated,  as  a  token  of  the  respect  and  esteem  which 
are  cherished  for  this  venerable  gentleman  by  his  fellow-citizens  in  Providence  and  its 
vicinity.  It  is  designed  to  bo  a  testimonial  to  his  pure  life  and  worthy  example ;  to 
the  fidelity  and  usefulness  of  his  life-long  services  among  us,  as  a  minister  of  the  gos 
pel,  and  to  the  sympathy  which  he  has  always  manifested  with  the  well  being,  both 
moral  and  social,  of  this  community.  We  ask  that  this  portrait  may  be  suspended 
with  those  already  collected  in  Rhode  Island  Hall,  and  we  earnestly  hope  that  it  may 
remind  the  scholars  of  the  University  and  all  who  in  the  present  or  future  time  shall 
gaze  upon  it,  how  beautiful  and  venerable  is  a  serene  and  unostentatious  life  spent  in 
the  performance  of  elevated  duties,  and  in  labors  for  others'  good. 

In  behalf  of  those  fur  whom  we  have  acted,  we  have  the  honor  to  remain,  very 
respectfully, 

JOHN  KINGSBURY,       WILLIAM  S.   PATTEN, 
JOHN  R.  BAKTLLTT,    WILLIAM  GAMMELL, 
SAMUEL  G.  ARNOLD. 
Providence,  September  4,  1860. 

The  foregoing  communication  having  been  read  and  accepted,  the  following  pre 
amble  and  resolutions  were  adopted  :  — 

Whereas,  as  appears  by  the  foregoing  communication,  there  has  been  presented  to 
this  University,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  a  large  number  of  the  people  of  Providence 
and  vicinity,  a  well  executed  portrait  of  Rev.  Nathan  Bourne  Crocker,  D.  D.,  as  a 
tribute  of  the  respect  and  esteem  which  are  cherished  for  his  character  and  services  as 
a  Christian  minister  and  as  a  man,  during  his  long  residence  in  this  city ;  it  is  therefore 

RESOLVED,  That  we,  the  members  of  the  Corporation,  gratefully  accept  this  valua 
ble  work  of  art,  and  that  we  delight  to  recognize  it  as  a  tribute  of  respect,  for  one, 
who,  during  a  period  of  fifty-two  years,  has  been  intimately  connected  with  us  and  our 
predecessors  in  the  councils  of  the  University. 

RESOLVED,  That  we  honor  the  sentiments  which  have  prompted  the  people  of 
Providence  and  its  vicinity  thus  to  express  their  grateful  appreciation  of  the  character 
and  life  of  this  venerable  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  that  in  placing  his  portrait  in 
Rhode  Island  Hall,  they  have  most  fittingly  indicated  the  relations  which  he  has  so 
long  sustained,  alike  to  the  city  and  the  University. 

21.     MAJOR-GENERAL  AMBROSE  E.   BURNSIDE,  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island.     Born,  1824  ;  graduated  at  West  Point,  1847. 


292  BROWN    UNIVERSITY 

A  full  length  portrait,  by  Emanuel  Leutze,  of  New  York.  The  subject  is  repre 
sented  in  military  costume,  in  the  act  of  carrying  the  Stone  Bridge  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam.  The  painting  was  presented  to  the  Corporation  by  the  persons  whose 
names  are  here  given,  with  the  amount  of  their  subscriptions :  — 

John  Carter  Brown,  -                  -    $100  [  Seth  Padelford,  $50 

Henry  Butler,  100 !  Thomas  P.  Shepard  &  Co.,  50 

James  Y.  Smith,  -      100  :  Moses  B.  Jenkins,  -  50 

Earl  P.  Mason,  100  !  William  Grosvenor,  -                            50 

A.  &  W.  Sprague,  -      100    William  Goddard,    -  50 

William  H.  Reynolds,  -                     100   James  T.  Rhodes,  50 

JabczC.  Knight,  -      100   T.  P   T.  Goddard,    -  50 

Amos  D.  Smith,       -  100   Elisha  Dyer,        -  50 

Robert  H.  Ives,  -  -       100   Henry  Lippitt,  '25 

Thomas  P   Ives,      -  100   Thomas  F.  Hoppin,  -                            25 

Burnside  Rifle  Co.,  -                  -      100   Julia  Bullock,  25 

Charlotte  R.  Goddard,  -                       50  i 

Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  -                           50 '          Total,      ....     $1,675 

22.  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  ISAAC  P.  RODMAN,  who  fell  at  the  battle 
of  Antietam.  Born  at  South  Kingstown,  1822  ;  died  Sep 
tember  30,  1862. 

Painted  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Lincoln,  from  a  photograph  Presented  to  the  Corporation 
of  the  University  by  the  following  subscribers :  — 


William  Sprague,  -  $20 


,i: 


William  H.  Reynolds,  20 


ey 
ith, 


James  Y.  Smith,    -  -      20 

Seth  Padelford,  20 

C.  F.  Harris,         ....      20 


Jabez  C.  Knight,        -  -        $20 

Ambrose  E.  Burnside,    -  -      20 

Robert  H.  Ives,  20 


$160 


23.  LIEUT.-COL.  CHRISTOPHER  GREENE,  a  distinguished  Rhode  Island 

officer  of  the  Revolutionary  war.     Born,  1737  ;  died,  1781. 

Painted  by  Mr.  Lincoln  from  an  original  in  the  possession  of  Simon  Henry  Greene, 
Esq.,  a  grandson  of  Col.  Greene,  by  whom  it  was  presented  to  the  University. 

24.  DR.  SOLOMON  DROWNE,  a  Surgeon  in  the  American  army,  and 

an  early  Professor  in  the  College.     Born,  1753  ;  graduated, 
1773;  died,  1834. 

Painted  by  C.  C.  Ingham,  of  New  York,  from  an  original  in  the  possession  of  Dr. 
Drowne's  family.  It  was  presented  to  the  University  by  Dr.  Drowne's  son,  Henry 
B.  Drowne,  and  by  his  grandsons,  Henry  T.,  Thomas  S.,  Christopher  R  ,  and  George 
R.  Drowne. 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS.  293 

25.  CHARLES  II,  KING  OF  ENGLAND. 

26.  CATHERINE  OF  BRAGANZA,  HIS  QUEEN. 

It  was  from  Charles  II.  it  will  be  remembered  that  Rhode  Island  received  her 
glorious  Charter,  dated  July  8,  1663,  a  charter  which  has  been  the  frmtful  theme  of 
praise  from  historians  and  statesmen  for  more  than  two  centuries.  These  valuable 
portraits  are  originals,  painted  it  is  supposed  by  JohnB.  Gaspars,  an  artist  of  Belgium, 
who  visited  England  during  the  Civil  War,  and  who,  after  the  Restoration,  became  an 
assistant  to  Sir  Peter  Lely  and  afterwards  to  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller.  They  are  of  the 
ordinary  size,  being  rather  more  than  half  length,  Charles  being  painted  with  the  robes 
and  insignia  of  the  Garter.  They  were  obtained  in  England  by  Ethelbert  R.  Billings, 
Esq.,  of  Providence,  through  the  influence  of  the  Secretary  of  the  National  Picture 
Gallery.  Mr.  Billings  had  them  restored  to  their  original  freshness  and  beauty,  and 
presented  them  to  the  Corporation  of  the  University. 

27.  REV.   WILLIAM    ROGERS,  D.  D.,  the  first  student  of   Brown 

University.     Born,  1751;  graduated,  1769;  died,  1824. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Rogers  was  matriculated  by  President  Manning  September  3,  1765, 
and  from  that  time  until  June  20,  1766,  a  period  of  nine  months  and  seventeen  days, 
he  was  the  first  and  only  student  of  "Rhode  Island  College."  For  many  years  he 
was  Professor  of  Oratory  and  Belles-Lettres  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  This 
picture  was  painted  by  his  only  surviving  daughter,  Miss  Eliza  J.  Rogers,  and  was  by 
her  presented  to  the  University  in  the  summer  of  1864.  It  was  copied  from  an 
original  portrait  by  Remembrandt  Peale,  taken  in  the  year  1795,  when  the  subject 
was  in  the  prime  and  vigor  of  life. 

28.  DR.   LEVI    WHEATON,    an    early   graduate   of    the    College. 

Received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1782;  died,  1851. 

Painted  by  Healy  in  1846,  and  presented  to  the  Corporation  in  the  summer  of 
1865,  by  his  two  granddaughters,  Mrs.  Charles  C.  Little,  of  Boston,  and  Miss  Martha 
B.  Wheaton,  of  Cambridge.  Dr.  Wheaton  was  a  Professor  in  Brown  University  from 

1815  to  1828. 

29.  GEN.  JAMES  TALLMADGE,  LL.  D.,  Lieut-Governor  of  New  York. 

Born,  1778;  graduated,  1798;  died,  1853. 

A  small  steel  engraving,  presented  to  the  University  by  Mrs.  James  Ludlow,  of 
Newport,  in  November,  1865.  Gen.  Tallmadge  bequeathed  to  the  Library  of  the 
University  one  thousand  dollars. 


294  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

30.  OLIVER  CROMWELL,  Lord  Protector  of  the  English  Common 

wealth.     Born,  1599;  died,  1658. 

A  faithful  and  life-like  portrait,  painted  by  Mr.  Heade.  The  following  letter 
from  the  artist  will  be  interesting  to  our  readers  :  — 

PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.,   April  28,  1866. 
MR.  GUILD  — 

DEAR  SIR  :  —  My  picture  of  Cromwell  was  painted  from  two  miniatures  by  Samuel 
Cooper;  the  one  belonging  to  Earl  De  Grey,  and  the  other  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch. 
I  was  assisted  also  by  a  cast  taken  from  Cromwell's  face  after  his  death,  which  Bell, 
the  sculptor,  kindly  loaned  me  for  the  purpose.  From  this  cast  I  copied  the  following 
evidences  of  its  authenticity  :  — 

"  This  mask  is  from  the  original  one  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Russell,  Chest.  Park; 
traced  authentically  from  Richard,  Protector.  Richard  left  them  to  his  dear  Elizabeth. 
She  left  the  mask  to  her  cousins,  Richard  and  Thomas.  The  first  left  the  mask,  with 
other  things  to  Annie  Elizabeth  and  Letita,  (his  daughters.)  They  left  them  to  their 
cousin,  Oliver  Cromwell,  Chest.  Park;  he  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Russell." 

Very  truly  yours, 

M.  J.   HEADE. 

The  picture,  it  may  be  added,  was  painted  by  Mr.  Heade  at  the  request  of  Mr. 
Bartlett,  who  wrote  him  while  in  London  on  behalf  of  the  University.  By  accident 
Mr.  Heade  learned  that  an  original  portrait  by  Cooper,  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
Duke  of  Buccleuch.  Mr.  Cooper,  who,  it  appears,  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  artists 
of  his  day,  had  been  employed  to  paint  a  full  length  portrait  of  I  lie  Great  Protector; 
and  while  engaged  in  his  work,  he  privately  painted  a  miniature  picture  for  himself,  in 
which  all  natural  blemishes  and  defects  were  faithfully  delineated.  A  knowledge  of 
this  fact  coming  to  Cromwell,  the  artist  was  summoned  into  his  presence,  and  required 
to  give  up  the  too  truthful  portrait  before  it  was  half  finished.  This  is  the  original, 
now  in  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  who  kindly  allowed  it,  for  the  first 
time,  to  be  copied,  on  learning  the  destination  of  tho  picture.  The  painting  was 
purchased  of  Mr.  Heade  for  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  and  placed  in  Rhode 
Island  Hall  in  April,  1866.  The  funds  used  for  this  purpose,  by  permission  of  the 
donors,  were  a  part  of  a  subscription  for  a  military  school,  which  it  was  proposed  to 
establish  in  connection  with  the  University.  An  account  of  this  subscription  may  be 
found  in  another  chapter. 

31.  GENERAL  ANDREW  JACKSON,  seventh  President  of  the  United 

States.     Born,  1767;  died,  1845. 


COLLECTION  OF  PORTRAITS.  295 

A  full  length  portrait  of  this  distinguished  statesman,  painted  from  life  by  Amans, 
January  8,  1840,  and  presented  to  the  Corporation  by  Col.  William  H.  Reynolds,  of 
Providence.  In  a  letter  to  President  Sears,  accompanying  the  gift,  dated  June  14, 
1866,  the  donor  says  : — "This  picture  was  presented  to  one  of  the  ex-Mayors  of 
New  Orleans,  and  purchased  of  his  family  by  myself  some  three  years  since.  At 
the  time  of  its  purchase  the  owner  was  confined  in  Fort  Jackson  for  disloyalty  to  the 
government." 

A  prominent  object  of  interest  in  Khode  Island  Hall  is  a  fine 
marble  bust  of  the  late  DR.  WAYLAND,  executed  by  Thomas  Ball, 
of  Boston,  in  the  year  1861.  This  bust  is  pronounced  by  all  who 
have  seen  it  to  be,  both  as  a  likeness  and  a  specimen  of  the 
sculptor's  art,  a  work  of  rare  and  extraordinary  merit,  The 
expense,  including  pedestal,  was  six  hundred  and  fifty-five  dollars, 
to  defray  which  five  dollar  subscriptions  were  obtained  among 
the  widely-scattered  sons  of  the  University  who  had  been  the 
pupils  of  the  lamented  President. 

The  following  communication  respecting  the  bust  was  pre 
sented  to  the  Corporation  by  the  Hon.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  at  the 
annual  meeting  held  September  5,  1861 :  — 

To  THE  PRESIDENT  AND  CORPORATION  or  BROWN  UNIVERSITY:  — 

The  undersigned,  acting  in  behalf  of  a  large  number  of  the  graduates  of  Brown 
University  who  were  pupils  of  President  Way  land,  have  procured  a  marble  bust  of 
our  venerated  and  distinguished  Instructor,  which  we  now  have  the  pleasure  of  pre 
senting  for  the  acceptance  of  the  Corporation,  with  the  request  that  it  may  be  carefully 
preserved  in  one  of  the  halls  of  the  University.  Twenty-nine  classes  of  graduates 
received  their  degrees  from  the  hands  of  President  Wayland,  and  since  his  retirement 
from  office  a  desire  has  been  very  widely  felt  among  them  that  there  might  be  placed 
at  this  scene  of  his  long  and  illustrious  services  some  memorial  of  the  estimation  in 
which  those  services  are  held,  and  of  the  respect  which  is  entertained  for  his  personal 
character  among  the  widely-scattered  men  who  were  once  his  pupils. 

It  is  in  accordance  with  this  pervading  sentiment,  that  those  whom  we  represent 
have  caused  this  bust  to  be  procured.  It  has  been  executed  by  Mr.  Thomas  Ball,  of 
Boston,  an  artist  of  well  known  reputation,  and  by  the  common  voice  of  all  who  have 
seen  it,  it  has  been  pronounced,  both  as  a  likeness  and  a  specimen  of  the  sculptor's 
art,  to  be  a  work  of  rare  and  extraordinary  merit.  It  has  been  procured  by  the  ready 


296  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

cooperation  of  gentlemen  representing  nearly  every  class  of  President  Wayland's 
pupils  from  the  class  of  1827  to  the  class  of  1855,  and  residing  in  every  geographical 
division  of  the  country.  It  may,  therefore,  well  be  regarded  as  an  expression  of  the 
filial  respect  and  reverent  honor  with  which  his  pupils  in  every  part  of  the  land  cherish 
the  name  and  character  of  their  early  "  Guide,  Philosopher  and  Friend." 

In  now  presenting  it  to  the  Corporation,  we  desire,  in  behalf  of  our  brethren,  that 
it  may  be  accepted  and  preserved  to  future  times  as  an  humble  tribute  of  the  affection 
ate  respect  which  is  felt  for  Dr.  Wayland  among  those  over  whose  education  he  so 
faithfully  presided ;  and  also,  as  an  expression  of  their  grateful  appreciation  of  the 
distinguished  services  he  has  nobly  and  heroically  performed,  not  for  themselves  alone, 
for  the  University,  for  our  country,  and  for  the  age  in  which  he  has  lived. 

With  our  warmest  wishes  for  the  continued  and  ever  increasing  prosperity  of  the 
University,  we  have  the  honor  to  be,  Gentlemen,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient 

servants, 

ELISIIA  DYER,  MARSHALL  WOODS, 

GEORGE  I.  CHACE,  REUBEN  A.  GUILD, 

WILLIAM  GAMMELL,  JAMES  TILLINGHAST, 

THOMAS  P.  SIIEPARD,  CHARLES  H.  PARKHURST, 

ABRAHAM  PAYNE,  JOHN  W.  VERNON, 
SAMUEL  G.  ARNOLD,  Committee. 

Providence,  Wednesday,  September  4,  1861. 

The  Hall  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year  is  open  to  the 
public  on  Saturday  afternoons,  and  also  every  day  during  Com 
mencement  week.  The  Librarian  of  the  University  has  charge 
of  the  Collection  of  Portraits  as  Keeper  of  the  Cabinet,  and 
reports  upon  the  same  to  the  Corporation,  at  their  annual  meetings. 


FINANCIAL    HISTORY 


COLLEGE. 


1764  —  1867. 


COLLEGE    LANDS. 


HE  first  purchase  of  land  for  the  College  comprised,  as 
has  already  been  stated  in  connection  with  our  account 
of  University  Hall,  about  eight  acres,  being  the  middle  portion 
of  the  home-lots  of  Chad  Brown,  Daniel  Abbott,  George  Eickard 
and  John  Warner.  The  price  paid,  as  appears  from  the  Record 
of  Deeds,  and  also  from  the  accounts  of  Nicholas  Brown  &  Co., 
was  two  hundred  and  nineteen  pounds,  or  seven  hundred  and 
thirty  dollars,  being  a  little  more  than  ninety  dollars  per  acre. 
These  home-lots,  as  they  were  called,  extended  from  the  Main 
street,  now  North  and  South  Main  streets,  eastward  to  Hope 
street.  The  original  College  estate  included  the  Grammar  School 
lot,  and  that  portion  of  College  street  extending  from  the  College 
to  Benefit  street. 

It  appears  from  the  records  that  the  College  in  the  beginning 
owned  lands  in  some  of  the  towns  adjoining  Providence,  which 
lands  were  finally  sold,  and  the  proceeds  applied  to  increase  the 
resources  of  the  Institution. 

The  first  addition  to  the  College  estate  was  made  in  the  year 
1815.  From  a  deed  dated  August  9,  it  appears  that  the  Corpo 
ration  bought  of  Sylvanus  G-.  Martin,  for  six  hundred  dollars,  a 
lot  on  George  street,  fifty  feet  on  said  street,  and  extending  north 
to  the  College  lands  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet. 

In  1822,  April  15,  the  Corporation  purchased  of  Nathan 
Waterman,  for  the  sum  of  five  thousand  one  hundred  and  eighty- 


300  BliOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

nine  dollars  and  sixty-six  cents,  a  piece  of  land  on  which  to  erect 
Hope  College,  extending  one  hundred  and  twenty-three  feet 
north  and  south,  and  four  hundred  feet  east  and  west ;  bounded 
by  Prospect,  Waterman  and  Brown  streets,  and  the  original 
College  estate. 

In  1826,  May  31,  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  deeded  to  the 
Corporation  of  the  University,  the  estate  known  as  the  Hopkins 
estate,  on  George  street,  lying  between  the  Cady  and  Bowen 
estates,  and  extending  north  to  the  College  premises  one  hundred 
and  thirty  feet.  This  deed  was  not  recorded  until  the  14th  of 
July,  1840.  Rhode  Island  Hall  was  erected  upon  this  lot,  in 
accordance  with  the  wishes  of  the  benevolent  donor. 

In  1839,  June"  12,  Mr.  Brown  deeded  to  the  Corporation  two 
lots  of  land  lying  between  Waterman,  Prospect  and  College 
streets,  as  an  eligible  site  for  the  President's  house.  The  esti 
mated  value  of  these  lots,  at  the  time  when  they  were  presented 
to  the  Institution,  was  seven  thousand  dollars. 

In  1840,  July  29,  Mr.  Brown  purchased  of  Caleb  Earle  the 
Bussey  lot,  so  called,  on  George  street,  fifty  feet  by  one  hundred 
and  thirty,  for  the  sum  of  seventeen  hundred  dollars,  and  pre 
sented  the  same  to  the  University.  He  also  presented  one  other 
lot  on  the  same  street.  The  estimated  value  of  these  two  lots, 
together  with  the  Hopkins  estate  which  we  have  already  described, 
was  twenty-five  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 

In  1843,  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown  deeded  to  the  Corporation  a 
lot  of  land  fifty  by  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet,  bequeathed  to 
him  in  trust  by  his  father,  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  for  the 
"improvement  of  the  College  estate."  This  lot  is  now  included 
in  the  extension  of  Prospect  street  from  College  street  to  George. 

In  1851,  the  University  came  into  possession  of  one-half  of 
the  Corliss  lots,  so  called,  lying  between  the  College  premises  and 
Hope  street,  bequeathed  to  the  Corporation  by  the  Hon.  Nicholas 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  301 

Brown.  These  lots,  by  an  amicable  division  of  land  made  in  1854, 
between  the  University  and  the  heirs  of  Thomas  P.  Ives,  and 
recorded  in  Record  of  Deeds,  Book  142,  page  25,  are  located  on 
the  north  side  of  Manning  street,  between  Thayer  and  Hope 
streets.  The  area,  including  Thayer,  Brook,  and  one-half  of 
Manning  streets,  is  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  thousand  five 
hundred  and  ninety-seven  square  feet,  or  nearly  four  acres.  The 
estimated  valuation  of  these  lots  at  the  time  when  they  were 
bequeathed  to  the  University,  as  stated  by  Prof.  Gammell  in  his 
sketch  of  Mr.  Brown,  was  forty-two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 

The  latest  addition  to  the  College  estate  was  in  1860.  On 
the  8th  of  March,  as  appears  from  the  records,  Mr.  Seth  Adams 
deeded  to  the  Corporation  of  the  University,  in  consideration  of 
the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  paid  him  by  Mr.  John  Carter 
Brown,  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  George  and  Prospect  streets, 
seventy  by  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet,  formerly  known  as  the 
Bowen  estate.  This  act  of  munificence  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Brown, 
makes  an  open  enclosure  of  the  "  College  Green,"  and  provides 
that  it  always  be  kept  open  and  free  from  all  encumbrances  and 
buildings. 

The  present  College  enclosure,  comprising  about  ten  acres,  is 
bounded  in  general  by  George,  Prospect,  Waterman  and  Thayer 
streets.  Beginning  at  the  Pearce  estate  opposite  Brown  street, 
it  extends  west  on  George  street  four  hundred  and  eleven  feet ; 
thence  north  on  Prospect  street  five  hundred  and  sixty  feet; 
thence  east  on  Waterman  street  four  hundred  and  twelve  feet ; 
thence  south  on  Brown  street  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
feet ;  thence  east  five  hundred  and  sixty-eight  feet,  to  within  one 
hundred  and  nineteen  feet  of  Thayer  street ;  thence  south  three 
hundred  and  thirty -two  feet;  thence  west  five  hundred  and  forty- 
two  feet ;  thence  south  to  the  starting  point  on  George  street, 
one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet.  In  addition  to  this  is  the 


302  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Grammar  School  lot,  about  eighty  by  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight  feet,  the  mansion  house  lot,  eighty  by  two  hundred  and 
forty  feet,  and  the  house  lots  bequeathed  to  the  University  by 
the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  lying  on  the  north  side  of  Manning 
street,  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet  deep,  and  extending 
from  the  College  enclosure,  one  hundred  and  nineteen  feet  west 
of  Thayer  street,  east  to  Hope  street.  The  entire  College  lands 
comprise  about  fifteen  acres,  and  are  worth  at  the  present  valua 
tion  of  landed  property  in  their  immediate  vicinity,  not  far  from 
three-quarters  of  a  million  of  dollars. 

We  may  add  here,  that  within  the  past  three  years,  nearly 
five  hundred  trees  of  various  kinds,  have  been  planted  by  a 
skillful  gardener,  in  that  part  of  the  College  enclosure  which  lies 
east  of  the  new  chemical  laboratory.  The  funds  for  this  purpose 
were  furnished  through  the  liberality  of  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown. 
The  students  of  a  future  generation,  as  they  walk  through  the 
"  College  Park,"  or  recline  with  their  books  in  hand  beneath  the 
cooling  shade  of  the  graceful  firs  and  elms,  will  bless  the  far- 
sighted  wisdom  of  this  benefactor.  The  "College  Green"  was 
graded  and  adorned  with  elms,  and  also  the  "  College  Campus,"  as 
we  have  already  stated,  at  the  time  when  Rhode  Island  Hall  and 
the  President's  house  were  erected. 


AGRICULTURAL     LANDS. 


N  the  year  1862,  Congress  passed  an  act,  which  was 
approved  on  the  2d  of  July,  donating  public  lands  to  the 
several  states  and  territories,  which  should  provide  colleges  for 
the  benefit  of  Agricultural  and  the  Mechanic  Arts.  The  provis 
ions  of  this  act  are  fully  stated  in  Chapter  CXXX.,  of  the  Stat 
utes  of  the  United  States.  One  of  them  is  as  follows :  — 

SECTION  4.  AND  BE  IT  FURTHER  ENACTED,  That  all  moneys  derived  from  the 
sale  of  the  lands  aforesaid,  by  the  states  to  which  the  lands  are  apportioned,  and  from 
the  sales  of  land  scrip  hereinbefore  provided  for,  shall  be  invested  in  stocks  of  the 
United  States,  or  of  the  states,  or  some  safe  stocks,  yielding  not  less  than  five  per 
centum  upon  the  par  value  of  said  stocks;  and  that  the  moneys  so  invested  shall 
constitute  a  perpetual  fund,  the  capital  of  which  shall  remain  forever  undiminished, 
(except  so  far  as  may  be  provided  in  section  fifth,  of  this  act,)  and  the  interest  of 
which  shall  be  inviolably  appiopriated,  by  each  state  which  may  take  and  claim  the 
benefit  of  this  act,  to  the  endowment,  support,  and  maintenance  of  at  least  one  college 
where  the  leading  object  shall  be,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classical 
studies,  and  including  military  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning  as  are  related 
to  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  in  such  manner  as  the  legislatures  of  the  states 
may  respectively  prescribe,  in  order  to  promote  the  liberal  and  practical  education  of 
the  industrial  classes  in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  in  life. 

The  following  resolutions,  accepting  the  grant  of  land  made 
by  the  United  States  for  an  Agricultural  College,  were  adopted 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island,  at  its  January  session, 
in  1863:— 

RESOLVED,  The  Senate  concurring  with  the  House,  in  the  passage  hereof,  that  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  does  hereby  express  its  acceptance 


304  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

in  behalf  of  the  State,  of  the  benefit  of  the  provisions  of  Chapter  CXXX.,  of  the 
Statutes  of  the  United  States,  passed  at  the  second  session  of  the  thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  and  approved  July  2d,  A.  D.  1862,  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  states 
and  territories,  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  Agriculture  and  the 
Mechanic  Arts,  upon  the  terms  and  conditions  in  the  said  act,  contained  and  set  forth  ; 
and  that  the  faith  of  the  State  be,  and  is  hereby  pledged  to  the  United  States  that, 
upon  the  receipt  of  the  scrip  provided  to  be  issued  under  the  said  act  of  Congress,  it 
will  faithfully  apply  the  proceeds  thereof  to  the  objects,  and  in  the  manner  prescribed 
by  the  said  act. 

RESOLVED,  That  His  Excellency  the  Governor  be,  and  that  he  hereby  is,  requested 
to  notify  the  President  of  the  United  States,  without  delay,  of  the  accepting  by  the 
Legislature  of  this  State  of  the  donation  of  scrip  for  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
acres  of  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States,  (that  quantity  being  thirty  thousand 
acres  for  each  senator  and  representative  in  Congress  from  this  State,)  made  by  the 
provisions  of  Chapter  CXXX.,  of  the  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  approved  July 
2d,  1862,  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  states  and  territories,  which  may 
provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  upon  the  terms 
and  conditions  in  the  said  act,  contained  and  set  forth,  and  to  furnish  at  the  same  time 
a  copy  of  said  notification  for  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

RESOLVED,  That  His  Excellency  the  Governor  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  fully  author 
ized  and  empowered  by  himself  or  his  order,  to  receive  from  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  or  any  other  person  authorized  to  issue  the  same,  the  land  scrip  to  which  this 
State  is  entitled,  under  the  provisions  of  Chapter  CXXX.,  of  the  Statutes  of  the 
United  States,  passed  at  the  second  session  of  the  thirty-seventh  Congress,  and 
approved  July  2d,  A.  D.  1862,  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  states  and  terri 
tories,  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  Agricultural  and  the  Mechanic 
Arts,  and  to  hold  the  said  scrip  subject  to  the  future  order  of  this  General  Assembly. 

These  one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  acres  of  the  public 
lands,  the  Legislature  proposed  to  transfer  to  Brown  University. 
At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  on  the  21st  of 
January,  1863,  the  subject  was  presented  and  discussed.  The 
action  relating  thereto,  we  copy  from  the  records :  — 

WHEREAS,  The  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  on  the 
fourteenth  of  January  instant,  passed  an  act  to  transfer  and  assign  to  Brown  University 
the  Land  Scrip,  together  with  the  benefits  and  responsibilities  of  the  provisions  of 
Chapter  CXXX.,  of  the  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  passed  at  the  second  session  of 
the  thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  approved  July  2,  1862,  donating  public  lands  to 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  305 

provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  upon  the  terms 
and  conditions  of  said  act ;  and, 

WHEREAS,  Should  such  act  be  perfected  by  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate,  it  will 
be  necessary  for  the  same  to  be  accepted  or  declined  before  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Corporation ;  and, 

WHEREAS,  The  accepting  or  declining  the  same  involves  questions  of  great  import 
ance,  both  to  the  State  and  to  the  University,  and  requires  more  knowledge  of  facts, 
and  more  deliberate  consideration  of  consequences  than  this  Corporation  now  have,  or 
can  give,  therefore  it  is 

YoTiO),  That  the  whole  subject  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Board,  and  that  the 
full  power  and  authority  of  this  Corporation  be,  and  is,  hereby  given  to  said  Executive 
Board,  to  accept  or  decline  the  transfer  of  said  grant  by  the  General  Assembly  to  this 
Corporation  ;  this  Corporation  hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  the  action  of  said 
Executive  Board  by  virtue  of  this  vote. 

The  Executive  Board  accepted  of  the  transfer  of  Land  Scrip 
upon  the  following  conditions,  as  set  forth  in  the  resolution  finally 
passed  by  the  General  Assembly:  — 

RESOLVED,  That  His  Excellency  the  Governor  be,  and  he  hereby  is,  authorized  and 
appointed  on  the  part  of  the  State,  to  transfer,  assign,  and  set  over  to  the  Corporation 
of  Brown  University,  in  the  city  of  Providence,  the  scrip  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
Governor,  or  which  may  hereafter  come  into  his  possession  from  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  under  and  by  virtue  of  a  resolution  passed  by  this  General  Assembly, 
at  its  present  session,  upon  receiving  from  the  said  Corporation,  or  its  duly  authorized 
agent,  the  following  stipulations ;  which  stipulations  shall  be  as  and  for  a  perpetual 
agreement,  by  and  between  said  Corporation  and  State  as  aforesaid,  and  shall  be  in 
form  substantially  as  follows,  that  is  to  say :  — 

SAID  CORPORATION  DOES  HEREBY  AGREE — 

1.  To  provide  a  college  or  department  in  said  University,  the  leading  object 
whereof  shall  be,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classic  studies,  and  including 
military  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning  as  are  related  to  Agriculture  and 
the  Mechanic  Arts,  in  such  manner  as  hereinafter  stated,  in  order  to  promote  the 
liberal  and  practical  education  of  the  industrial  classes  in  the  several  pursuits  and 
professions  of  life. 

2.  To  locate  without  unnecessary  delay,  and  at  their  best  discretion,  the  said 
scrip  upon  some  of  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States,  properly  open  to  be  located 
upon,  and  from  time  to  time  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  lands  so  to  be  located  upon,  so 

that  the  largest  price  can  be  obtained  for  the  same. 
39 


306  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

3.  To  invest  and  to  keep  invested  the  proceeds  of  the  said  sales  in  stocks  or 
securities  of  the  United  States  or  of  this  State,  but  if  this  should  be  impracticable,  so 
that  an  income  therefrom  of  at  least  five  per  centum  per  annum  upon  their  par  value 
could  not  be  realized,   then  to  invest  such  proceeds  in  some  other  safe  stocks,   (the 
safety  of  which  other  stocks  the  University  shall  guarantee,)  upon  which  an  income  of 
at  least  five  per  centum,  as  aforesaid,  can  be  realized. 

4.  To  pay  all  expenses  of  locating  and  selling  said  lands,  and  all  taxes  which 
may  be  assessed  thereon  or  upon  the  proceeds  thereof. 

5.  To  apply  faithfully  the  income  arising  from  the  avails  of  the  sales  of  said  lands 
in  endowing,  maintaining  and  supporting  a  college  in  said  Univerisity  as  aforesaid,  for 
the  objects  as  aforesaid,  so  that  no  portion  of  said  proceeds  or  income  therefrom  shall 
be  used  in  the  erection,  preservation,  purchase  or  repairing  of  any  building  or  build 
ings,  for  College  or  other  purposes;  PROVIDED,  however,  that  a  portion  of  said  proceeds 
of  said  sales,  not  exceeding  one-tenth  part  thereof,  may,  at  the  discretion  of  said  Cor 
poration  be  expended  according  to  said  act  of  Congress,  in  the  purchase  of  lands  for 
sites,  or  an  experimental  farm,  whenever  said  Corporation  shall  so  determine. 

6.  To  educate  scholars,  each  at  the  rate  of  one  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  to  the 
extent  of  the  entire  annual  income  from  said  proceeds,  subject  to  the  proviso  as  afore 
said  ;  the  Governor  and  Secretary  of  State,  to  have  the  right  on  or  before  Commence 
ment  day  of  each  year,  and  in  conjunction  with  the  President  of  the  University,  to 
nominate  candidates  for  vacancies  occurring  in  said  college  or  department  as  aforesaid, 
at  the  beginning  of  each  collegiate  year,  and  students  admitted  to  said  college,  and 
pursuing  studies  therein  by  virtue  of  said  fund,  are  not  to  be  excluded  from  the  regular 
scientific  and  classic  studies  of  said  University,  and  are  to  be  subject  to  the  laws  and 
regulations  of  the  University  in  entering  and  remaining  thereat,  and  are  to  be  gradu 
ated  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  or  Bachelor  of  Art;?,  or  are  to  receive 
a  certificate  for  a  partial  course,  according  as  the  case  may  be. 

7.  To  assume  upon  itself  all  the  responsibilities  and  duties  which  are  imposed 
upon  the  State  by  the  said  act  of  Congress,  and  also  all  the  duties  imposed  upon 
colleges  endowed  under  the  provisions  of  the  said  act,   and  to  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  and  immunities  conferred  thereby  upon  the   State,   and  upon  institutions 
endowed  thereunder. 

8.  To  make  to  the  Governor  of  the  State  an  annual  report,  a  copy  of  which  shall 
be  communicated  to  the  General  Assembly,  of  all  lands  located  and  sold,  until  the 
whole  is  disposed  of,  the  amount  received  for  the  same  and  how  invested,   and  of  the 
appropriations  made  of  the  proceeds  therefrom,  and  stating  the  number  of  the  students 
to  whom  the  same  have  been  applied,  and  of  all  other  matters  prescribed  by  said  act 
of  Congress  as  aforesaid. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  307 

Another  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  General  Assembly, 
providing  for  the  nomination  of  State  scholarships  at  Brown 
University :  — 

RESOLVED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  AS  FOLLOWS:  — 

That  the  Senators  and  Representatives  from  the  several  towns  in  the  the  General 
Assembly,  for  the  time  being,  are  constituted  a  Board  of  Commissioners,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  during  the  January  session  in  each  year,  to  present  to  the  Governor  and 
Secretary  of  State  the  names  of  worthy  young  men  from  the  several  towns,  to  be 
educated  as  State  beneficiaries  in  Brown  University,  according  to  the  act  of  Congress 
donating  land  to  the  several  states  and  territories  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the 
benefit  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts.  And  the  said  Commisssioners  are 
hereby  instructed,  after  one  candidate  has  been  presented  from  each  town  in  the  State, 
(the  order  of  the  towns  to  be  determined  by  lot,)  to  select  tho  candidates  as  far  as  may 
be  from  the  several  towns  in  the  ratio  of  their  representation  in  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  from  that  class  of  persons  who  otherwise  would  not  have  the  means  of 
providing  themselves  with  the  like  benefits ;  and  that  the  Governor  and  Secretary  of 
State  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  instructed  to  select  candidates  from  the  names  presented, 
in  such  manner  as  that  whenever  for  any  reason  any  town  shall  not  have  received  its 
just  quota  of  those  admitted  to  said  University,  such  town  shall,  in  the  nomination  of 
subsequent  candidates,  have  priority  over  those  towns  which  have  received  their  full 
quota. 

Thus  the  University  came  into  possession  of  Land  Scrip  for 
one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  acres  of  public  lands,  which 
lands  were  eventually  located  in  Kansas.  By  a  written  contract 
made  on  the  31st  of  January,  1865,  these  lands  were  sold  to 
Horace  T.  Love  for  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  payable, 
without  interest,  as  follows  :  — 

One  thousand  dollars  on  the  20th  of  August,  -     1866. 

Four                                                      "  1867. 

Five  -     1868. 

Ten  1869. 

Thirty                                                       "  -     1870. 

United  States  seven-thirty  bonds  of  an  equal  value  with  the 
above,  were  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  of  the  University,  as 
security  for  the  payment  of  Mr.  Love's  notes. 


SCHOLARSHIPS. 


I.  NICHOLAS  BROWN,  at  his  death  in  1841,  bequeathed  one- 
half  the  net  income  of  the  rents  and  profits  of  certain 
estates,  to  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  directing  that 
the  same  should  be  paid  by  his  executors,  as  the  rents  should  be 
collected  from  year  to  year,  until  his  grandson,  Nicholas,  should 
attain  to  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  which  he  did  on  the  16th 
of  September,  1853.  This  net  income,  during  the  twelve  years 
as  specified,  was  to  be  appropriated  by  the  Corporation,  in  the 
language  of  the  Will,  "  to  the  charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserv 
ing  young  men  in  obtaining  their  education  while  members  of 
said  University."  In  a  codicil  to  his  Will,  Mr.  Brown  adds :  — 

And  I  do  hereby  recommend  to  said  Corporation,  and  to  the  Faculty  thereof,  (o 
accept  of  the  advice  and  recommendation  of  the  Warren  Education  Society,  (now 
called  the  Rhode  Island  Baptist  Education  Society,)  as  to  the  persons  who  shall 
receive  the  benefit  of  such  aid  and  assistance,  when  said  Society  shall  offer  their  advice 
and  recommendation  in  relation  thereto. 

A  portion  of  the  income  thus  bequeathed  to  the  University 
was  appropriated,  in  accordance  with  the  advice  and  suggestions 
of  President  Wayland,  to  be  awarded  in  premiums,  as  we  learn 
from  the  following  announcement  in  the  annual  catalogue  pub 
lished  in  1842:- 

The  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  desirous  of  cultivating  a  generous  love  of 
science,  and  of  rewarding  with  marks  of  distinction  those  students  who  have  attained 
to  distinguished  excellence  in  scholarship,  and  who  have,  also,  sustained  an  unblem- 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  309 

ished  moral  character, —  have  appropriated  two  hundred  dollars,  to  be  awarded  in 
premiums,  either  in  money  or  books,  to  such  competitors  as  may  by  examination  prove 
themselves  most  meritorious. 

This  sum  thus  appropriated  was  afterwards  increased  to  four 
hundred  and  twenty  dollars.  In  1850,  the  "New  System"  went 
into  operation,  the  standard  of  scholarship  was  changed,  and  the 
following  statutes  regulating  the  award  of  the  "University  Pre 
miums,"  were  adopted :  — 

1.  The  competition  for  the  University  Premiums  is  open  only  to  those  students 
who  are  candidates  for  some  one  of  the  degrees  conferred  by  the  University. 

2.  No  student  shall  be  admitted  as  a  candidate  for  a  premium,  who  does  not 
sustain  an  irreproachable  moral  character,   and  who  is  not  punctual  in  his  attendance 
upon  all  Collegiate  exercises. 

3.  No  student  shall  be  a  competitor  for  a  premium  whose  average  standing  for 
the  year  is  below  fifteen,  the  maximum  of  standing  Icing  twenty. 

4.  No  student  shall  be  a  competitor  for  more  than  one  premium,  whose  average 
standing  for  the  year  is  below  eighteen 

In  1858,  the  Corporation  voted  to  apply  the  fund  derived 
from  the  bequest  of  Nicholas  Brown,  and  now  amounting  to 
upwards  of  eleven  thousand  dollars,  to  scholarships  of  one  thou 
sand  dollars  each,  the  income  thereof  to  be  appropriated  "  to  the 
charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserving  young  men  in  obtaining 
their  education  while  members  of  the  University."  It  was  also 
voted,  on  motion  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Babcock  — 

That  the  Corporation  and  Faculty  be  recommended  to  accept  the  advice  and 
recommendation  of  the  Rhode  Island  Baptist  Education  Society,  (which  now  holds 
the  place  of  the  late  Warren  Education  Society)  as  to  persons  who  shall  receive  such 
aid  arid  assistance,  when  said  Society  shall  offer  their  advice  and  recommendation 
relative  thereto. 

The  establishing  of  a  system  of  Scholarships  to  aid  deserving 
young  men  in  obtaining  an  education,  is  justly  regarded  by 
President  Sears  as  perhaps  the  most  important  act  of  his  admin 
istration.  His  large  experience  as  an  educator  had  long  since 


310  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

convinced  him,  that  distinction  in  the  various  walks  of  literary 
and  professional  life  attends,  most  frequently,  those  whose  early 
years  are  full  of  struggle  against  the  difficulties  of  pecuniary 
embarrassment.  Without  the  timely  aid  of  a  charitable  endow 
ment,  such  men  as  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  the  "judicious"  Hooker  and 
Jeremy  Taylor,  might  never  have  graduated  from  the  Univer 
sities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  The  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  when 
in  England,  remarked  to  one,  who  for  thirty  years  had  been 
entrusted  with  the  care  of  the  Kegister  of  Cambridge  University  : 
"I  suppose  you  have  many  sons  of  Dukes,  Earls  and  Lords  among 
the  graduates  who  have  distinguished  themselves."  "No,  sir," 
says  the  Registrar,  "if  you  want  to  consult  the  record  of  our 
distinguished  scholars  and  great  men,  look  to  the  SCHOLARSHIPS, 
Sir,  look  to  the  SCHOLARSHIPS." 

In  addition  to  these  general  considerations,  the  system  of 
Scholarships  inaugurated  by  President  Sears  aids  especially  pious 
students  who  have  the  ministry  in  view,  and  thus  secures  the 
main  object  which  the  Philadelphia  Association  had  in  founding 
the  College.  That  this  was  the  original  design  of  the  Institu 
tion,  the  LIFE,  TIMES  AND  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  JAMES  MANNING  affords 
ample  proof.  In  a  letter  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stennett,  of  London, 
dated  November  8,  1783,  Manning  develops  a  plan  for  the  assist 
ance  of  young  men  preparing  for  the  ministry,  very  similar  to 
the  views  which  President  Sears  has  embodied  in  his  system. 

The  following  are  the  Scholarships  of  Brown  -University  at 
the  present  time  :  — 

1.  THE  NICHOLAS  BROWN  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (eleven,)    -     -     $11,000 

Founded  by  the  Corporation  in   1858,    from  funds  derived  from  a 
bequest  of  the  late  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown. 

2.  THE  PRESIDENT'S  SCHOLARSHIP, 1.000 

Founded  by  Barnas  Sears,  September  1,  1859. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  311 

3.  THE  ALVA  WOODS  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (three,)  -         -    -     $3,000 

Founded  by  Alva  Woods,  September  22,  1859,  and  June  13,  1865. 

4.  THE  SLATER  SCHOLARSHIP, -     -        1,000 

Founded  by  Horatio  N.  Slater,  May  9,  1860. 

5.  THE  EARL  P.  MASON  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Earl  P.  Mason,  May  10,  1860. 

6.  THE  DUNCAN  SCHOLARSHIP,  1,000 

Founded  by  Jau;es  H.  Duncan,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  Sept.  5,  1860. 

7.  THE  HEZEKIAH  S.  CHACE  SCHOLARSHIP,  -  1,000 

Founded  by  Hczekiah  S.  Chace,  of  Boston,  November  16,  1860. 

8.  THE  ARNOLD  WHIPPLE  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Phebe  Whipple,  January  28,  1861. 

9.  THE  JOSEPH  BROWN  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Brown  Rogers,  January  28,  1861. 

10.  THE  PARDON  MILLER  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Ann  Eliza  Miller,  January  30,  1861. 

11.  THE  ISAAC  DAVIS  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Isaac  Davis,  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  May  21,  1861. 

12.  THE  GARDNER  COLBY  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Gardner  Colby,  of  Boston,  May  3,  1862. 

13.  THE  EPHRAIM  WHEATON  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  James  Wheaton,  September  29,  1862. 

14.  THE  JAMES  Y.  SMITH  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  James  Y.  Smith,  September  15,  1863. 

15.  THE  S.  S.  BRADFORD  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (two,)     -     -     -        2,000 

Founded  by  S.  S.  Bradford,  September  18,  1863,  and  June  23,  1865. 

16.  THE  FRANCES  R.  ARNOLD  SCHOLARSHIP,       ....        1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Frances  R.  Arnold,  September  18,  1863. 


312  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

17.  THE  CORNELIA  E.  GREEN  SCHOLARSHIP, $1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Cornelia  E.  Green,  September  18,  1863. 

18.  THE  CHARLES  THURBER  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Charles  Thuiber,  of  Brooklyn,  N,  Y.,  Oct    15,  1863. 

19.  THE  CROCKER  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Kobert  H.  and  Thomas  P.  Ives,  October  20,  1863. 

20.  THE  CLARK  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Robert  H.  and  Thomas  P.  Ives,  October  20,  1863. 

21.  THE  ALBERT  DAY  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Albert  Day,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  March  28,  1864. 

22.  THE  HENRY  P.  KENT  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Henry  P.  Kent,  of  Suffield,  Connecticut,  July  25,  1864. 

23.  THE  ROMEO  ELTON  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Romeo  Elton,  of  Exeter,  England,  August  13,  1864. 

24.  THE  ANN  E.  WATERS  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (five,)     -     -     -        5,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Ann  E.  Waters,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  January 
6,  and  May  1,  1865. 

25.  THE  L.  FAIRBROTHER  SCHOLARSHIP, 1.000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  L.  Fairbrother,  of  Pawtucket,  April  3,  1865. 

26.  THE  GEORGE  LAWTON  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  George  Lawton,  of  Waltham,  Mass.,  April  10,  1865. 

27.  THE  JOHN  P.  CROZER  SCHOLARSHIP,  1,000 

Founded  by  his  daughter,   Mrs.  Margaret  C.  Bucknell,   of  Philadel 
phia,  October  10,  1866.  » 

28.  THE  DAVID  HOWELL  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  his  great-grandson,  Gamaliel  Lyman  D wight,  April  1 ,  1867. 

29.  UNIVERSITY  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (two,)  2,000 

Founded  by  the  Treasurer  April  1,  1867,  from  uninvested  scholarship 
funds,  and  also  from  the  unexpended  income  of  Scholarships. 

Total,  forty-seven  Scholarships, $47,000 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  313 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  are  the  following  Scholarships 
not  yet  available,  and  from  which  no  income  has  thus  far  been 
received :  — 

1.  THE  GEORGE  L.  SHERMAN  SCHOLARSHIPS,  (two,)      -     -      $2,000 

Founded  by  George  L.  Sherman,  April  19,  1860,  and  payable  within 
six  months  after  the  decease  of  himself  and  wife. 

2.  THE  JAMES  N.  GRANGER  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  Mrs.  Ann  B.  Granger,  January  12,  1861,  and  payable 
on  or  before  September  1,  1870. 

3.  THE  HAZLETINE  SCHOLARSHIP, 1,000 

Founded  by  S.  E.  Brooks,  of  Cambridge.  Massachusetts,  September 
24,  1862,  and  payable  within  one  year  after  his  decease. 

4.  THE  WILLIAM  COOLIDGE  RICHARDS  SCHOLARSHIP,     -     -        1,000 

Founded  by  William  C.  Richards,  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  May,  4,  1863,  and 
payable  within  one  year  after  the  decease  of  himself  and  wife, 

Total,  five  Scholarships, $5,000 

The  income  of  a  Scholarship,  it  may  be  stated  in  closing,  is 
sixty  dollars. 

40 


AID     FUND. 


OME  account  of  the  AID  FUND  established  by  Miss  Lydia 
Carpenter,  of  Pawtucket,  may  naturally  be  expected  in 
connection  with  the  Scholarships.  The  following  letter,  which 
was  read  to  the  Corporation  at  its  annual  meeting  held  in  Sep 
tember,  1860,  presents  in  brief  the  facts  pertaining  to  the  history 
of  this  Fund:- 

Ri:v.  BARNAS  SEARS,  PRESIDENT  OF  BROWN  UNIVERSITY  — 

RESPECTED  SIR:  —  Miss  Lydia  Carpenter,  of  Pawtucket,  Rhode  Island,  requests 
me  to  place  in  your  possession  the  inclosed  note  of  the  Corliss  Steam  Engine  Co.,  for 
84,000,  dated  December  3,  1859,  payable  in  four  months  from  date,  (3-6  of  April 
next.)  She  also  incloses  $83.10,  the  four  months  interest  thereof. 

This  note,  with  the  $1,000  heretofore  (in  March,  1858)  placed  by  her  at  your 
disposal,  making  the  principal  sum  of  $5,000,  is  a  donation  from  her  to  the  University, 
under  the  following  arrangements  and  conditions :  — 

To  establish  a  fund  to  be  called  the  AID  FUND,  which  is  to  be  applied  to  help 
deserving  students,  who  may  need  aid  after  their  admission  into  Brown  University,  to 
obtain  a  Collegiate  education  therein,  by  loans  or  gifts  from  the  Fund,  or  from  its 
income. 

The  principal  sum  of  Fund  never  to  be  reduced  by  its  use  below  four  thousand 
dollars. 

The  Fund  to  be  invested  and  kept  by  the  Treasurer  separate  from  other  funds  of 
the  University,  and  payments  on  account  thereof  to  be  made  only  on  the  written  order 
of  the  President  of  the  University,  actual  or  acting  as  such  ;  and  no  payments  to  be 
made  which  shall  reduce  the  Fund  below,  or  when  it  is  below,  $4,000. 

All  appropriations  out  of  the  Fund  shall  hereafter  be  made  according  to  the 
direction  of  a  standing  committee  of  three  pei>ons,  of  which  the  President  of  the 
University,  acting  or  officiating  as  such,  shall  be  chairman,  and  Thomas  Carpenter,  of 
Pawtucket,  Rhode  Island,  shall  be  one,  and  William  S.  Patten,  of  Providence,  shall 
be  one. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  315 

When  a  vacancy  occurs  in  the  committee  by  the  death,  resignation,  or  disability  of 
either  or  both  of  the  last  named  members,  the  Chancellor  of  the  University  skill  fill 
the  first  vacancy,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Corporation  the  second  ;  and  thereafter  the 
committee  shall  be  the  President,  and  the  Chancellor  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Corpo 
ration  "ex  officiis." 

The  committee  shall  keep  minutes  of  their  doings,  without  giving  unnecessary 
publicity  thereof.  Their  high  official  station;;  will  insure  impartiality  in  the  adminis 
tration  of  the  Fund. 

By  not  calling  the  Fund  by  the  name  of  any  person,  it  is  left  an  open  fund, 
inviting  increase  by  contributions  from  others,  who  will  be  at  liberty  to  identify  their 
donation  to  the  AID  FUND  by  such  name  and  subject  to  such  mode  of  application,  not 
inconsistent  with  the  general  object,  as  they  shall  appoint. 

The  appropriations  already  made  by  the  President  out  of  the  $1,000  heretofore 
given,  are  approved  and  adopted  by  the  donor,  and  are  made  in  conformity  with  this 
donation  and  her  in'entions. 

I  am  requested  to  ask  that  no  needless  notoriety  be  given  to  the  name  of  the 
perton  who  has  employed  my  agency  in  this  communication. 

Respectfully  yours, 

T-,      -T  AT      i    A    10PA  WILLIAM  S.  PATTEN. 

Providence,  March  9,  18 GO. 

Upon   the   receipt  of  the  foregoing  communication   by  the 
Executive  Board,  the  following  votes  were  passed :  — 

VOTED,  That  the  Executive  Board  of  Brown  University  accept  the  gift  from  Miss 
Lydia  Carpenter,  of  Pawucket,  Rhode  Island,  of  $5;000  to  the  University  for  an 
AID  FUND,  and  on  the  terms  thereon. 

VOTED,  That  this  University  hereby  express  with  gratitude  the  obligations  of  the 
University  to  her  for  her  unexpected  and  munificent  gift;  aware  that  words  of  praise 
can  add  but  little  to  the  conscious  enjoyment  of  one  who  conceives  and  performs  so 
noble  a  benefaction,  the  influence  of  which  will  not  cease  to  cheer  the  depressed  spirits 
and  smooth  the  toilsome  way  of  the  indigent  student,  as  he  labors  to  obtain  knowledge 
and  virtue,  so  long  as  they  are  dispensed  by  this  University. 

VOTED,  That  a  copy  of  these  votes  be  sent  to  Miss  Carpenter,  signed  by  the  Presi 
dent  and  Secretary  of  this  Board,  and  that  the  letter  with  the  action  of  this  Board 
thereupon,  be  communicated  by  the  President  to  the  Corporation  at  their  next  meeting. 

The  Corporation  fully  approved  of  the  action  of  the  Executive 
Board,  accepting  the  donation  of  five  thousand  dollars  from  Miss 
Carpenter,  with  all  its  conditions  and  restrictions.  Miss  Carpen- 


316  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

ter  afterwards  presented  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  University  the 
sum  of  three  hundred  and  fifty-eight  dollars  to  make  up  the  cost 
of  a  certificate  of  United  States  six  per  cent,  stock,  for  the  sum 
of  five  thousand  dollars,  which  sum  now  constitutes  the  AID  FUND. 

The  founder  of  the  AID  FUND,  it  may  be  added,  is  a  maiden 
lady  upwards  of  seventy  years  of  age,  and  a  worthy  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Paw  tucket.  She  was  baptized  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Benedict,  during  the  early  part  of  his  ministry  in 
that  town. 

It  may  be  proper  to  state  here,  that  previous  to  the  establish 
ment  of  the  AID  FUND,  Mr.  Seth  Padelford  paid  into  the  Treasury 
the  sum  of  three  hundred  dollars,  to  be  expended  under  the  direc 
tion  of  President  Sears  and  Professor  Hill,  in  settling  the  College 
bills  of  meritorious  students. 


FUNDS    AND    TREASURERS 


DESCRIPTIONS  for  the  endowment  of  the  College  in  the 
beginning  were  obtained,  as  we  have  already  seen,  by  the 
Rev.  Messrs.  Edwards  and  Smith.  The  amount  of  benefactions 
thus  secured,  a  part  of  which  constituted  the  first  permanent 
funds  of  the  College,  was  about  seven  thousand  dollars.  To 
increase  these  funds,  and  also  to  aid  in  defraying  the  current 
expenses  of  the  Institution,  subscriptions  were  solicited  through 
out  the  State  and  colonies,  especially  among  the  Baptists.  The 
records  of  the  Philadelphia,  Charleston,  and  Warren  Associations 
have  frequent  mention  of  the  College,  and  of  efforts  on  its  behalf. 
In  1774,  these  Associations  recommended  "  every  member  to  pay 
SIXPENCE  STERLING  annually,  for  three  years  successively,  to  their 
Elder,  or  some  suitable  person ;  this  money  to  be  paid  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  College."  At  the  same  time,  says  Benedict  in 
his  history,  the  Rev.  Messrs.  John  Gano,  Oliver  Hart  and  Francis 
Pelot  were  appointed  to  address  the  various  Baptist  associations 
throughout  America,  and  urge  their  cooperation  in  procuring 
funds  for  Rhode  Island  College.  To  what  extent  these  efforts 
were  successful,  we  have  no  means  at  hand  for  ascertaining.  The 
disturbances  of  this  early  period,  the  breaking  out  of  the  Ameri 
can  war,  and  the  consequent  interruption  of  Collegiate  exercises, 
turned  the  thoughts  of  the  people  into  other  channels,  and  insti 
tutions  of  learning  were  for  a  time  forgotten. 


318  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  first  Treasurer  of  the  College  was  John  Tillinghast,  Esq., 
of  Newport,  who  was  elected  to  this  office  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Corporation  held  in  1764.  His  duties  it  is  to  be  presumed 
were  not  especially  arduous,  as  College  instruction  did  not  begin 
until  the  following  year,  when  Mr.  Manning  was  formally  appointed 
President,  No  annual  reports  of  his  appear  on  file,  and  no  further 
mention  is  made  of  the  Treasurer  until  1767,  when,  his  term  of 
service  having  expired,  Col.  Job  Bennet,  also  of  Newport,  was 
appointed  his  successor.  According  to  the  record  — 

The  Rev.  Edward  Upbam  and  Mr.  Edward  Thurston,  Jr.,  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  receive  of  Jolm  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  late  Treasurer  of  this  College,  his 
accounts  and  papers,  and  deliver  them  to  Job  Bennet,  Esq.,  the  present  Treasurer. 

Mr.  Tillinghast  attended  the  meeting  at  Warren  which  deter 
mined  the  location  of  the  College,  after  which  his  name  does  not 
appear  in  the  records  of  the  Corporation  until  1776,  when  having 
deceased,  Mr.  Cahoon  was  appointed  a  Trustee  in  his  place.  From 
the  reports  of  his  successor  in  office,  it  appears  that  he  subscribed 
and  paid  towards  founding  and  endowing  the  Institution  one 
hundred  pounds. 

We  present  a  few  extracts  from  Col.  Bennet's  reports,  in  order 
to  place  on  permanent  record  the  names  of  some  of  the  early 
benefactors  of  the  College.  The  amounts,  it  will  be  observed, 
are  in  New  England  currency,  six  shillings  to  the  dollar :  — 

£    s.   d. 

17GG.     Sept.  4.     Rev.  Samuel  Stillman,        -  -     12    0  0 

1767.  "      4.      Rev.  Hezekiab  Smith,  0  15  0 
"    14.     Rev.  Gardner  Thurston,                                                      -        1110 

Oct.    5.  Joshua  Babcock,  Esq.,  1  10  0 

"      5.  Rev.  John  Maxson,  -  0    G  0 

Nov.   G.  Joseph  Wanton,  Esq.,    -  1  10  0 

Due.  25.  John  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  -                   -                                     5     00 

1768.  Jan.     9.  Josias  Lyndon,  Esq.,  -          -            1  10   0 

"      9.     Job  Bennet,  -  0  18  0 

Aug.   9.     Nicholas  Brown,  Esq.,  -  -         -  '2  10  0 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  319 


1768.     Sept.   8.  Samuel  Ward,  Esq., 

"      9.  Rev.  John  Maxson, 

"      "  Rev.  Isaac  Backus, 

"      "  Rev.  Hezekiah  Smith,  - 

"      "  Job  Bennet,    - 

"  "      li  Rev.  James  Manning,  - 

"      "  Rev.  Gardner  Thurston,  - 

"      "  John  Tillingbast,  Esq., 

Josias  Lyndon,  Esq.,        - 

••      "  Mr.  Peleg  Barker, 

"    12.  Nicholas  Easton.  Esq., 

Oct.   27.  Samuel  Brocks,  of  Elizabeth  town, 

17G9.     Sept.   8.  Rev.  John  Gano, 

1770.  April  2.  Job  Bennet, 

Aug.   2.  Josias  Lyndon,  - 

"10.  Peleg  Barker,      - 

"      Sept.  20.  John  Tillinghast,  Esq.,  - 

"20.  Governor  Wanton, 

"        Oct.  18.  Rev.  John  Ryland,  of  England,  (his  annual  subscription 

of  five  guineas  for  President  Manning,)       -         - 

Dec.     4.  John  Tillinghast,  Esq., 

"     "  Simon  Pease,  (in  part  of  his  father's  donation,)  - 

"     "  Col.  Josias  Lyndon, 

"    19.  John  Tanner,  - 

1771.  Feb.  19.  Rev.  John  Maxson, 

"     April   16.  John  Tillinghast,  Esq., 

"       May    13.  Nicholas  Easton,  Esq., 

"      June  24.  Joseph  Wanton,  Jr.,         ...... 


Total,      -  -     £312  17  10 

Mr.  Bennet  resigned  his  office  as  Treasurer  in  1775.  He  died 
in  1784,  and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  for  that 
year,  Col.  Daniel  Tillinghast,  of  Providence,  was  appointed  a 
Trustee  in  his  place.  His  last  annual  report  represents  the  per 
manent  funds  of  the  College  as  amounting  to  £1,349  14s  8d,  or 
about  forty-five  hundred  dollars,  which  was  the  sum  obtained  in 


320  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

England  and  Ireland  by  Morgan  Edwards.  It  would  thus  appear 
that  the  money  obtained  by  Hezekiah  Smith  in  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  had  been  expended  in  defraying  current  expenses, 
and  in  erecting  the  College  buildings. 

Col.  Bennet  was  succeeded  as  Treasurer  by  John  Brown,  one 
of  the  "Four  Brothers"  whose  names  appear  so  conspicuous  in 
the  early  history  of  the  College,  as  well  as  of  the  town  in  which 
the  College  is  located.  A  full  account  of  these  brothers  and  of 
their  ancestors,  may  be  found  in  our  former  work,  pp.  143-176. 
For  twenty-one  years,  during  the  most  trying  periods  of  the 
country's  history,  Mr.  Brown  conducted  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
College,  displaying  a  skill  in  their  management  and  a  fertility  in 
resources,  for  which  he  was  distinguished  in  the  management  of 
his  own  affairs,  and  contributing  freely  to  the  funds  of  the  Insti 
tution  from  his  ample  fortune.  He  resigned  the  Treasurership 
September  8th,  1796,  whereupon  the  Corporation  passed  a  vote 
of  thanks  "for  his  long  and  faithful  services."  He  retained  his 
place  in  the  Corporation  a  few  years  longer,  but  the  infirmities 
of  age  pressing  heavily  upon  him  he  at  length  resigned,  in  the 
following  interesting  letter,  which  well  deserves  a  place  in  a 
documentary  history  of  the  College.  The  reader  will  not  fail  to 
notice  the  allusion  to  oratory,  or  "handsome  speaking,"  for  which 
Presidents  Manning  and  Maxcy  were  especially  distinguished, 
and  which  doubtless  prepared  the  way  for  the  NICHOLAS  BROWN 
PROFESSORSHIP  :  — 

PROVIDENCE,  September  6,  1803.  ) 
TUESDAY  MORNING,  j 

GENTLEMEN  :  —  Finding  the  state  of  my  health  fast  declining,  which,  together  with 
my  inactivity  of  body  and  long-continued  lameness,  has  rendered  and  will  continue  to 
render  me  a  useless  member  of  the  Corporation,  and  wishing,  as  I  do,  that  some  one 
who  may  have  it  in  his  power  as  well  as  inclination  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the 
Institution  should  be  elected  in  my  place,  I  now  take  this  early  opportunity  to  resign 
my  seat  in  the  Corporation,  desiring  that  it  may  be  filled  as  your  wisdom  shall  direct, 
during  the  present  annual  Commencement. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  321 

In  small  states  like  ours,  where  the  legislature  gives  but  little  pecuniary  aid  to 
found  literary  institutions  or  endow  them,  there  remain,  of  course,  greater  exertions 
for  well-disposed  individuals  to  bring  to  maturity  such  seats  of  learning  as  we  wish 
our  College  to  become.  But  when  we  consider  that  thirty-three  years  only  have  passed 
since  the  foundations  of  our  College  edifice  were  laid,  the  progress  of  the  Institution 
has  not  been  very  inconsiderable,  though  many  impediments  during  that  time  have 
much  retarded  the  wished  for  increase  of  students.  The  great  Revolutionary  war,  in 
which  we  obtained  our  independence,  was  a  great  stagnation  to  our  Institution,  the 
College  edifice  having  been  taken  and  applied  to  the  use  of  a  hospital  and  for  barrack 
ing  the  troops  nearly  one-sixth  part  of  the  whole  time  from  its  foundation  to  this  day. 
This  circumstance,  with  others,  furnishes  certainly  sufficient  motives  to  induce  us  to  hope 
for,  and  expect,  many  more  patrons  and  promoters  of  literature  to  step  forward  and  advance 
the  College,  under  your  directions.  Being  located  in  the  centre  of  New  England,  and 
with  one  of  the  most  liberal  charters  that  has  ever  been  granted,  to  warrant  and  secure 
a  fair  and  generous  equality  to  be  extended  to  every  religious  sect,  I  do  most  sincerely 
recommend  the  promotion  of  its  highest  interests  to  every  branch  in  the  government 
of  the  College.  And  as  the  most  beautiful  and  handsome  mode  of  speaking  was  a 
principal  object,  to  my  certain  knowledge,  of  the  first  friends  of  this  College,  I  do  wish 
that  the  honorable  the  Corporation  may  find  means  during  their  deliberations  of  this 
week,  to  establish  a  Professorship  of  English  Oratory,  and  that  suitable  funds  for  the 
purpose  may  be  so  placed,  that  the  annual  income  only  can  be  touched  for  the  salary 
pertaining  to  such  a  Professorship. 

I  am,  Gentlemen,  with  great  regard,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  BROWN. 

The  letter  having  been  read,  it  was 

VOTED,  That  the  President,  Dr.  Stillman  and  Dr.  Benjamin  Bourne  be  a  committee 
to  wait  on  Mr.  Brown,  to  communicate  to  him  the  high  sense  this  Corporation  entertains  of 
his  very  important  services  rendered  to  the  public  in  the  establishment  and  very  liberal 
patronage  of  this  College  ;  and  that  they  deeply  regret  his  absence  from  this  annual 
meeting,  and  much  more  so  the  cause  of  it ;  and  to  assure  him  that  they  hope  and 
trust  that  his  health  may  be  restored,  and  his  life  and  usefulness  long  protracted ;  and 
to  request  of  him  liberty  to  continue  his  name  as  a  Trustee  of  the  College. 

Mr.  Brown  died  a  few  days  afterwards,  and  the  following  year 
his  son-in-law,  Mr.  James  Brown  Mason,  a  graduate  of  the  College 
in  the  class  of  1791,  was  appointed  a  Trustee  in  his  place. 

41 


322  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

From  the  annual  reports  of  Mr.  Brown  on  file,  and  also  from 
his  accounts,  we  gather  a  few  names  to  record  among  the  bene 
factors  of  the  Institution:  — 

£      s.    d. 

1775.    Sept.  14.     Hezekiah  Smith,  -       140 

"     "      John  Stites,  of  Elizabethtown,        -  1211 

1783.        "      2.     Thomas  Gair,  (collections,)  13    7    4 

"      6.      "  Worthy  Mr.  Longfray's  donation,"  1200 

Oct.    2.     Caleb  Blood,  of  Newton,  (collections,)  -                         8  15    9 

Dec.  30.     Rev.  Benjamin  Wallin's  legacy,  33     6    8 

1788.     Sept.    9.     Rev.   William  Yanhorn,    (collections  in  Pennsylvania 

and  New  Jersey,)     -  -     21  12    0 

1791.     May     3.     Miss  Hannah  Ward,  legacy,  12    0    0 

Sept.    8.     Rev.  William  Vanhorn,  (collections,)  -     21  10    8 

William  Holroyd,  (collections,)      -  -         -         -         34    4    0 


Total,      -  £159    3    4 

Mr.  Wallin,  whose  name  is  included  in  the  foregoing  list,  was 
a  clergyman  of  London,  and  a  correspondent  of  Dr.  Manning. 
He  'died  near  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  bequeathing  to 
the  College  the  sum  of  twenty-five  pounds,  sterling.  Some  of 
his  letters  are  published  in  MANNING  AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY.  Miss 
Ward,  who  left  a  small  legacy  to  the  College,  was  probably  a 
relative  of  Governor  Ward,  and  a  resident  of  Newport.  It  is  to 
be  regretted  that  such  instances  of  remembrance  among  the  early 
friends  of  the  Institution  are  not  more  frequent  in  these  later 
times. 

Mr.  Brown  was  succeeded  in  the  Treasurership  by  his  nephew, 
the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown.  His  accession  to  office  marks  an  era 
in  the  history  of  the  University.  For  twenty-nine  years  he  con 
ducted  its  financial  affairs  with  unsurpassed  zeal  and  efficiency, 
contributing  to  its  funds  and  resources  during  this  period,  and 
until  his  death,  in  money,  lands  and  buildings,  upwards  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  thousand  dollars.  He  began  his  benefactions 
in  February,  1792,  by  presenting  to  the  Corporation,  as  has 


F I N  A  N  C I AL    H I S  T  0  K  Y .  323 

already  been  stated  in  a  previous  chapter,  the  sum  of  five  hun 
dred  dollars,  for  the  purchase  of  law  books  for  the  Library.  In 
1803,  the  Corporation 

VOTED,  That  the  donation  of  five  thousand  dollars,  if  made  to  this  College  within 
one  year  from  the  late  Commencement,  shall  entitle  the  donor  to  name  the  College. 

This  was  in  accordance  with  a  provision  of  the  charter, 
authorizing  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  to  name  the  Institution  in 
honor  of  its  most  distinguished  benefactor.  Several  previous 
votes  of  this  kind  appear  on  record.  To  the  wishes  of  his  friends, 
as  implied  in  the  foregoing  vote,  Mr.  Brown  gracefully  responded, 
by  making  to  the  College  a  donation  of  five  thousand  dollars,  to 
remain  in  perpetuity,  as  a  fund  for  the  establishment  of  a  Profes 
sorship  of  Oratory  and  Belles  Lettres.  The  letter  accompanying 
this  donation  has  already  been  given  in  our  "Historical  Sketch." 
The  fund  thus  established,  was  allowed  to  accumulate  from  year 
to  year,  until  it  had  more  than  doubled.  In  1826,  one  hundred 
shares  in  the  stock  of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  amounting  to 
ten  thousand  dollars,  were  purchased  by  the  Treasurer,  which 
shares  constituted  for  many  years  the  SPECIAL  FUND  for  the  said 
Professorship. 

In  1825,  Mr.  Brown  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  University, 
and  the  office  of  Treasurer  being  thus  made  vacant,  his  place 
was  filled  by  the  election  of  his  nephew,  the  late  Mr.  Moses 
Brown  Ives.  The  first  annual  report  made  by  Mr.  Ives,  was  in 
September,  1826.  From  it  we  learn  that  the  permanent  funds 
of  the  University,  at  that  time,  were  as  follows : — 

100  shares  in  Bank  of  North  America,  (Special  Fund,)  -  $10,000 

3  shares  in  Providence  Bank,  1,200 

21  shares  in  Rhode  Island  Union  Bank,  2,100 

150  shares  in  Union  Bank,  7,500 

25  shaves  in  Manufacturers  Bank,  -  2,500 

James  Rhodes's  note  on  demand,  8,000 

Total,  -  -         -  -  $31,300 


324  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

The  Special  Fund  of  ten  thousand  dollars  has  already  been 
accounted  for.  Of  the  twenty-one  thousand  three  hundred  dol 
lars,  four  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  were  obtained  in  the 
beginning  by  the  Eev.  Morgan  Edwards,  two  thousand  dollars 
were  obtained  from  Congress  in  1800,  for  damages  done  to  the 
College  edifice  during  the  war,  and  the  balance  of  fourteen  thou 
sand  eight  hundred  dollars  was  obtained  from  small  donations 
and  legacies,  and  the  accumulations  of  interest,  but  mainly  through 
lotteries.  Lotteries,  it  will  be  remembered,  were  formerly  a  very 
common  method  of  obtaining  funds  for  charitable  and  religious 
purposes,  not  only  in  Khode  Island  but  throughout  the  country. 
At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  December  23, 1795, 
it  was 

VOTED,  That  the  Chancellor,  together  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hitchcock,  Messrs.  John 
Brown,  Joseph  Nightingale,  John  Smith,  Welcome  Arnold,  David  Howell  and  Nicholas 
Brown,  be  a  committee  to  apply  to  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State  at  their  ensuing 
session,  praying,  in  behalf  of  the  Corporation,  for  the  grant  of  a  lottery  to  raise  a 
sum  not  exceeding  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  applied  to  the  use  of  this 
Institution. 

The  application,  it  appears,  was  successful,  for  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Corporation  in  1798,  it  was 

VOTED,  That  the  College  lottery  shall  commence  drawing  the  second  Wednesday 
in  October  next. 

In  1811,  it  was 

VOTED,  That  Nicholas  Brown,  James  B.  Mason,  James  Rhodes,  John  T.  Child, 
and  Moses  Lippitt,  Esquires,  be  appointed  a  committee  to  apply  to  the  General  Assembly 
of  this  State  at  the  next  session,  for  liberty  to  raise  by  lottery  twenty  thousand  dollars, 
for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  this  Institution.  That  said  committee  be  also 
requested  to  apply  to  the  legislatures  of  Massachusetts,  New  York  and  Connecticut, 
for  permission  to  sell  tickets  in  those  states. 

Whether  this  last  lottery  scheme  was  ever  carried  out,  we 
have  no  means  at  hand  for  determining. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  325 

In  1850,  important  changes  were  made  in  the  system  of 
instruction,  and  large  additions  were  made  to  its  permanent 
funds.  As  this  constitutes  an  important  part  of  the  financial 
history  of  the  University,  we  incorporate  into  our  present  work 
most  of  the  printed  report  of  the  committee  appointed  to  raise  a 
fund  .of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  the  state 
ment  of  facts  therein  contained  being  taken  chiefly  from  the 
report  of  President  Wayland,  made  to  the  Corporation  at  a 
special  meeting  held  March  28,  1850  :  — 

In  the  year  1827,  the  property  of  the  University  consisted  of  the  College  premises; 
two  buildings,  used  as  lecture  rooms  and  dormitories  for  students ;  and  funds  to  the 
amount  of  $34,500. 

Since  that  time,  two  edifices,  one  for  the  Library  and  Chapel,  the  other  for  lecture 
rooms  and  cabinet,  and  a  house  for  the  President,  have  been  erected  by  the  liberality 
of  the  late  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  and  other  friends  of  the  Institution.  Also  a  fund 
of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  has  been  raised  by  private  munificence  for  the  improve 
ment  of  the  Library,  and  for  procuring  suitable  apparatus  for  Chemistry  and  Natural 
Philosophy. 

These  contributions,  though  indispensable  to  the  well-being  of  the  University,  have 
added  nothing  to  the  income  by  which  the  cost  of  tuition  could  be  reduced,  or  the 
salaries  of  the  officers  of  instruction  increased. 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  income  of  the  fund  has,  by  necessity,  been  consumed 
in  repairs  and  other  incidental  expenses.  The  residue,  and  the  receipts  for  tuition, 
have  constituted  all  the  means  in  the  hands  of  the  Corporation  for  the  support  of  the 
President  and  other  officers  of  instruction.  The  salaries  which  were  paid  twenty 
years  ago,  are  now  rendered  wholly  inadequate,  by  the  increased  expensiveness  of 
living ;  and  for  a  considerable  period  the  officers  have  been  obliged  to  support  them 
selves,  in  part,  from  their  own  funds. 

Such  being  the  circumstances,  the  Professors  presented,  in  the  year  1848,  a  memo 
rial  to  the  Corporation,  asking  for  an  increase  of  their  salaries.  The  case  was  so  urgent, 
that  the  committee  of  advice  was  directed  to  comply  with  their  request.  The  salaries 
were  therefore  raised  two  hundred  dollars  each.  It  was,  however,  found  that  this 
increased  compensation  would  exhaust  the  existing  fund,  and  soon  render  the  College 
bankrupt. 

To  prevent  a  result  so  disastrous,  and  at  the  same  time  to  afford  the  Professors  a 
reasonable  compensation,  the  Corporation  resolved  to  raise,  by  subscription,  the  sum  of 


326  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

FIFTY  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  to  meet  the  pressing  wants  of  the  University.  This  effort 
proposed  no  material  change  in  the  system  of  instruction,  nor  any  increase  in  the 
number  of  officers ;  and,  as  is  well  known,  it  resulted  in  failure. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  in  1849,  President  Wayland  tendered 
his  resignation.  He  was  urged  to  reconsider  the  subject ;  a  committee  of  conference 
was  appointed,  and  the  Corporation  adjourned  to  meet  in  December  of  the  same  year. 
At  this  adjourned  meeting  the  President  made  a  verbal  statement  of  his  views  in 
reference  to  some  changes  in  the  system  of  instruction,  and  a  committee,  of  which  he 
was  chairman,  was  appointed  to  report  more  fully  at  an  adjourned  meeting  to  be  held 
in  March,  1850. 

This  report,  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Wayland,  was  printed,  and  has  been  widely  circu 
lated.  It  proposed  material  changes  in  the  system  of  instruction  ;  that  the  range  of 
studies  be  greatly  extended  ;  and  as  a  basis  for  carrying  the  plan  into  effect,  that  the 
sum  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  be  raised  by  subscription.  The 
report  was  unanimously  adopted,  and  a  committee  of  solicitation  appointed,  who  entered 
immediately  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties.  The  success  of  the  subscription  was, 
at  the  outset,  rendered  almost  certain  by  the  munificence  of  a  few  individuals,  who 
came  forward,  without  solicitation,  and  nobly  pledged  sums  to  the  amount  of  sixty-five 
thousand  dollars,  on  condition  that  the  remainder  should  be  subscribed  by  responsible 
persons  on  or  before  the  5th  day  of  September,  1850.  The  committee  were  met  both 
in  this  city  and  in  other  places  by  a  cheerful  liberality,  which  made  the  work  of  solici 
tation  a  pleasure ;  and  at  a  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  on  the  stipulated  day,  the 
committee  had  the  satisfaction  to  announce  that  the  entire  sum  had  been  subscribed. 

The  subscriptions  are  as  follows  :  — 

John  Carter  Brown,  Providence,  $20,000  j  Zachariah  Allen,   Providence,          SI, 000 

Alexander  Duncan,           "  20,000  j  James  Arnold.  New  Bedford,  1,000 

Estate  of  Thos.   P.  Ives,   (Mrs.                 I  Isaac  M.  Bull,  New  York  1.000 

Hope  Ives,  $6,000;  Mrs.  C.R.  William   P.   Bullock   and    Julia 

Goddard,  $1,000  ;  M.  B.  Ives,                       Bullock,  Providence,  1,000 

$9,000  ;  11.  H.  Ives,  $4,000,)                   Crocker  &  Brothers,  Taunton,  1,000 

Providence,  20,000  i  George  Cummings,  Cambridge,  1,000 

H.  N.  Slater,  Providence,  5,000  S  Jacob  Dunnell  &  Co..  Providence,  1,000 

Estate  of  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  do.  2,000  j  George  W.  Hallett,  1,000 

Isaac  Davis,  Worcester,  2,000  |  George  Rowland,  New  Bedford,  1,000 

Ainasa  Manton,  Providence,  2,000    Earl  P.  Mason,  Providence,  1,000 

A.  &  W.  Sprague,  Warwick,  2,000   John  A.  Parker,  New  Bedford,  1,000 

Marshall  Woods,  Providence,  2,000    Thomas  Richardson,  Boston,  1,000 

Edward  Carrington,       "  1,500    George  R    Russell,  West  Roxbury,  1,000 

Seth  Adams,  Jr.,  1,000  i  A  Friend,  by  George  R.  Russell,  1,000 

Philip  Allen,  1,000  ( Robert  G.  Shaw,  Boston,  1,000 

Philip  Allen,  Jr.,  1,000    Michael  Shepard,  Salem,  1,000 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY. 


327 


Esther  Slater,  North  Providence,    $1,000 

A.  D.  &  J.  Y.  Smith,  Providence,  1,000 

Francis  Wayland,                 "  1,000 

William  Baylies,  West  Bridgwater,  700 

Nathan  Appleton,  Boston,  500 

Samuel  Appleton,     "  500 

William  Appleton,    "  500 

William  Blake,         "  500 

Isaac  Brown,  Providence,  500 

Thomas  Burgess,       "  500 

Josiah  Chapin,  500 

James  W.  Converse,  W.  Roxbury,  500 

Richard  Fletcher,  Boston,  500 

John  B.  Francis,  Warwick,  500 
I.  P.  &  R   G.  and  Rowland  Hazard, 

South  Kingstown,  500 

Benjamin  Hoppin,  Providence,  500 

Charles  T.  James,           "  500 

Moses  B.  Jenkins,          "  500 

Edward  King,  Newport,  500 

Daniel  Paine,  Providence,  500 
E.  R.  &  J.  B.  M.  Potter,  S  Kingstown,  500 

James  T.  Rhodes,  Providence,  500 

Eliza  B.  Rogers,              "  500 

Robert  Rogers,  Bristol,  500 

Orray  Taft,  Providence,  500 

Samuel  Boyd  Tobey,  Providence,  500 

Richard  Waterman,             "  500 

Matthew  Watson,                "  500 

Benjamin  R.  Alray,            "  300 

Richard  J.  Arnold,             "  300 

Babcock  &  Moss,  Westerly,  300 
Charles  S.  Bradley,  North  Providence,  300 

Alexis  Caswell,  Providence,  300 

George  I.  Chaoe,        "  300 

Fearing  &  Hall,  New  York,  300 

P.  Grinnell  &  Sons,  Providence,  300 

Thomas  J   Hill,                  "  300 

George  G.  King,  Newport,  300 

Henry  A.  Rogers,  Providence,  300 

Charles  Potter,                "  300 

Alvah  Woods,                 "  300 

William  T.  Dorrance,     "  250 

Thomas  R.  Hazard,  Portsmouth,  250 
Lawrence,  Trimble  &  Co.,  New  York,  250 

Edward  Pearce,  Providence,  250 

Thomas  P.  Shepard,   "  250 


[  Joseph  W.  Fearing,  Providence,        $225 

j  John  Barstow,             "  200 

Nathan  Bishop,  Boston,  200 

i  William  J.  Cross,  Providence,  200 

!  John  Farnum,  Philadelphia,  200 

William  Gammell,  Providence,  200 

Thomas  L.  Halsey,           "  200 

Edward  Harris,  Woonsocket,  200 

Edwin  Hoyt,  New  York,  200 

Shubael  Hutching,  Providence,  200 

John  Kingsbury,  200 

Amos  Lawrence,  Boston,  200 

Samuel  Lawrence,   "  200 

Moses  B.  Lockwocd,  Providence,          200 

George  C.  Nightingale,       "  200 

John  Oldfield,                     "  200 

William  H.  Potter,             "  200 

Providence  Journal,            "  200 

David  Sears,  Boston,          "  200 

Charles  N.  Talbot.  New  York,  200 

|  John  E.  Thayer,  Boston,  200 

I  Amos  C.  Barstow,  Providence,  150 

!  James  P.  Boyce,  Charleston,  S.  C.      150 

Walter  S.  Burges,  Providence,  150 

Fales,  Lothrop  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,     150 

Seth  Padelford,  Providence,  150 

Jonathan  Pike,  150 

Henry  Anthony,  100 

Hezekiah  Anthony,     "  100 

|  Tully  D.  Bowen,        "  100 

Joseph  Carpenter,       "  100 

!  Royal  Chapin,  100 

j  W.  &  G.  Chapin,       "  100 

j  George  Carlton,  Boston,  100 

H.  S.  Chase,          "  100 

T.  P.  Gushing,       "  100 

A,  B.  Dike,  Providence,  100 

Byron  Diman,  Bristol,  100 

|  Alexander  DeWitt,  Worcester,  100 

I  Benjamin  Finch,  Newport,  100 

E.  W.  Fletcher,  Providence,  100 

James  N.  Granger,       "  100 

John  Green,  Worcester,  100 

!  George  B.  Holmes,  Providence,  100 

Ezra  W.  Howard,           "  100 

i  Henry  L.  Kendall,         "  100 

i  H.  R,  Kendall,  Brookline,  100 


328 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


Jacob  H.  Loud,  Plymouth, 

Marsh,  Booth  &  Co.,  New  York, 

John  H.  Mason,  Providence, 

Owen  Mason,  " 

Joseph  Mauran, 

John  Norris,  Bristol, 

Samuel  M.  Noyes,  Matanzas,  Cuba, 

U.  &  C.  W.  Parsons,  Providence, 

Sackett,  Davis  &  Potter, 

Francis  G.  Shaw,  Boston, 

Quincy  A.  Shaw, 

S.  G   Shipley, 

J.  Smith,  Barre, 

Otis  Tufts,  Boston, 

Thomas  &  Martin,  Philadelphia, 

Sally  Thompson,  Providence, 

Elizabeth  Waterman,  Providence, 

Resolved  Waterman,          " 

Stephen  Watorman, 

Charles  H.  Welling,  Philadelphia, 

Samuel  K    Williams.  Boston, 

John  Winthrop,  New  Orleans, 

Charles  Thurber,  Worcester, 

A.  F.  Adie,  Providence, 

Bradford  Allen,   " 

James  B.  Ames,  Mobile, 

Jacob  Babbitt,  Bristol, 

George  M.  Bartol,  Lancaster, 

Thomas  Brown,  Providence, 

James  W.  Cooke,  New  York 

Gilbert  Congdon,  Providence, 

Charles  H.  Childs,       " 

James  F.  DeWolf,  Bristol, 

William  B.  DeWolf,  " 

William  Fales, 

Thomas  Fletcher,  Providence, 

Henry  S.  Frieze,         " 

William  S.  French,     " 

A.  M.  Gammell,  Warren, 

M.  A.  D'W.  Howe,  Philadelphia, 

Thomas  A.  Jencke's,  Providence, 

Thomas  Kinnicutt,  Worcester, 


$100 

Prudence  C.  Loring,  Boston, 

$50 

100 

H.  &  R.  Lippitt,  Providence, 

50 

100 

Merrick  Lyon, 

50 

100 

Silvanus  G.  Martin,     " 

50 

100 

Pardon  Miller,             " 

50 

100 

George  Owen, 

50 

100 

Smith  Owen, 

50 

100 

Samuel  W.  Peckham,  " 

50 

100 

Isaac  Ray,                    " 

50 

100 

Henry  Simon,               " 

50 

100 

P.  Tillinghast,  New  York, 

50 

100 

Isaac  Thurber,  Providence, 

50 

100 

Elisha  Watson,  South  Kingstown, 

50 

100 

Benjamin  F.  Thomas,  Worcester, 

30 

100 

Charles  Washburn, 

30 

100 

Ellis  Ames.  Canton, 

25 

100 

Francis  W.  Bird,  Walpole, 

25 

100    Alfred  Bosworth,  Warren, 

25 

100   J.  D.  Burgess,  Providence, 

25 

100 

Henry  Chapin,  Worcester, 

25 

100 

Ira  Cleaveland,  Dedham, 

25 

100 

Robert  B.  Cranston,  Newport, 

25 

65 

William  Douglass,  Providence, 

25 

50 

William  F.  Dow,  New  Bedford, 

25 

50 

Bainum  Field,  Boston, 

25 

50 

Johnson  Gardner,  Seekonk, 

25 

50 

George  Hunt,  Providence. 

25 

50 

W.  W.  Reach,       " 

25 

50 

Nehemiah  Knight,  New  York, 

25 

50 

Whiting  Metcalf,  Providence, 

25 

50 

Hugh  Montgomery,  Boston, 

25 

50 

Ezekiel  Owen,  Providence, 

25 

50 

Payton  &  Hawkins,  " 

25 

50 

L.  R.,  Boston, 

25 

50 

Luther  Robinson,  Boston, 

25 

50 

Henry  S.  Washburn,  Worcester, 

25 

50 

Lucy  Snow,  Boston, 

20 

50 

Crawford  Allen,  (SI,  000,  to  be  paid 

50 

in   yearly   installments   of    $50,) 

50 

paid  in 

50 

50 

50  1  Total,                                          $127 

,995 

It  was  during  this  year,  1851,  that  the  University  came  into 
possession  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  bequeathed  to  the  Corporation 
by  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown.  In  1843,  President  Way  land  pre- 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  329 

sented  to  the  University  forty  shares  in  the  Blackstone  Canal 
Bank,  amounting  to  one  thousand  dollars,  the  income  thereof  to 
be  annually  appropriated  in  premiums,  to  be  called  the  "Presi 
dent's  Premiums."  This  class  of  premiums,  we  may  add,  is 
awarded  to  those  members  of  the  Freshmen  class  who  attain  to 
the  highest  excellence  in  the  studies  preparatory  to  admission. 

A  portion  of  the  subscription  fund  of  1850  was  expended  in 
improvements  and  necessary  repairs,  as  was  contemplated  upon 
the  adoption  of  the  "New  System."  The  following  abstract  from 
the  Treasurer's  report  for  September,  1854,  will  show  the  condi 
tion  of  the  finances  of  the  University  at  that  time,  and  also  where 
the  funds  were  invested  :  — 

1.     COMMON  FUND. 

3  shares  Providence  Bank,  par  value,           -                                     -  $1,200 

21  shares  Rhode  Island  Union  Bank,  par  value,  2,100 

150  shares  Union  Bank,  par  value,  7,500 

25  shares  Manufacturers  Bank,  par  value,  2,500 

9  bonds  New  York  Central  Railroad  Co., 8,500 


Total,         -  ...  $21,800 

2.  NICHOLAS  BROWN  PROFESSORSHIP. 

13  bonds  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad  Co.,  payable  in  1860,  13,000 

3.  NICHOLAS  BROWN  BEQUEST. 

6  bonds  Second  Mortgage  New  York  &  Erie  Railroad  Co.,    -  6,000 

4  bonds  First  Mortgage  Hudson  River  Railroad  Co.,  payable  in  1860,      4,000 

Total,  $10,000 

4.  LIBRARY  FUND. 

1,000  shares  Blackstone  Canal  Bank,  -       25,000 

5.  UNIVERSITY  PRIZE  FUND. 

4  bonds  Second  Mortgage  Hudson  River  Railroad  Co.,  payable  in  1860,  4,000 

4  Convertible  Bonds  New  York  &  Erie  Railroad  Co.,  payable  in  1871,  4,000 
1  Booth  Mills  Note,  J.  Pickering  Putnam,  Treasurer,  dated  July  1, 

1853,  two  years,  -  4,000 

Total,       -  $12,000 

42 


330  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

6.  PRESIDENT'S  PREMIUM  FUND. 

40  shares  Blaokstone  Canal  Bank,    -  $1,000  00 

7.  SUBSCRIPTION  FUND  OP  1850. 

1  note  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co,,  dated  November  22,  1852, 

five  years,  William  Amory,  Treasurer,  -       13,000  00 

1  note  Stark  Mills,  dated  November  22,   18r3,  five  years,  Wil 
liam  Amory,  Treasurer,      -  -       13,000  00 

3  notes,  $5,000  each,  Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Co.,  dated  Jan 
uary  11,  1851,  five  years,  15,000  00 

1  note  Bay  State  Mills,   dated   December  1,  1852,  five  years, 

Samuel  Lawrence,  Treasurer,       -  6,500  00 

80  shares  Bank  of  Commerce,  Boston,  8,000  00 

300  shares  Bank  of  Commerce,  Providence,  -       15,000  00 

1  note  Booth  Mills,  J.  Pickering  Putnam,  Treasurer,  dated  July 

1,1853,  7,50000 

1  note  Blackstone  Manufacturing  Co.,  C.  H.  Dabney,  Treasurer, 

on  demand,        -  1,759  25 

35  bonds  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad  Company,  due  in  I860,     85,000  00 

1  bond  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad  Co.,  payable  May  1,  1855,       1,000  00 

3  notes  belonging  to  Subscription  Fund,  due  September,   1854, 

December,  1854,  and  June,  1855.         ....          806  00 


Total,  -     $116,565  25 

SUMMA.RY. 

Common  Fund,     -                                                                                  -  $21,800  00 

Nicholas  Brown's  donation,  (for  Professorship,)     -  13,000  00 

Nicholas  Brown's  bequest,  10,000  00 

Library  Fund,    -  25,000  00 
University  Prize  Fund,  arising  from  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown's  bequest, 
saved  from  collections  of  one-half  the  rents  of   the  Blackstone 
Canal  Bank  estate,  from  September,  1841,  to  September,  1853r 

(now  constituting  the  Nicholas  Brown  Scholarships,)*     -  12,000  00 

President's  Premium  Fund,  1,000  00 

Subscription  Fund  of  1«50,                                                                      -  115,75925 

Notes  due  in  1854  and  1855,      -  806  00 

Total,  $199,465  25 

*  $323. 93  was  due  to  the  Providence  Bank  from  this  Fund,  August  31,  1854. 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  331 

Mr.  Ives  died  on  the  7th  of  August,  1857,  having  managed 
the  finances  of  the  University  during  a  period  of  thirty-two 
years,  with  rare  devotion  and  skill.  Not  only  in  the  discharge  of 
the  onerous  duties  of  the  Treasurership,  for  which  he  received  no 
pecuniary  compensation,  but  on  all  occasions,  during  the  whole 
period  of  his  life,  he  showed  himself  a  firm  and  steadfast  friend 
of  the  Institution  where  he  received  his  education. 

He  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Mr.  Robert  Hale  Ives,  who 
was  elected  Treasurer  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation 
held  the  following  month.  He  graduated  at  the  University  in 
the  class  of  1816.  His  large  experience  in  financial  affairs,  and 
the  warm  regard  which  he,  in  common  with  his  family  and  ances 
tors,  had  ever  shown  for  the  Institution,  preeminently  fitted  him 
for  the  Treasurership,  a  position  which  he  held  nearly  ten  years, 
or  until  the  close  of  1866. 

At  the  time  when  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as  Treasurer, 
the  income  of  the  College  was  not  sufficient  to  meet  its  current 
expenses,  and  a  debt  in  consequence  accumulated,  which  threat 
ened,  in  a  few  years,  to  impair  seriously  its  resources  and  useful 
ness.  In  this  emergency  it  was  determined  to  endeavor  to  raise 
by  subscription  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dol 
lars,  for  the  payment  of  the  debt,  and  for  the  general  purposes  of 
instruction.  A  part  of  the  plan  was  to  secure  Scholarships  of  one 
thousand  dollars  each,  the  income  of  which,  sixty  dollars,  should 
be  appropriated  to  aid  indigent  and  meritorious  students  in 
obtaining  an  education.  On  the  19th  of  August,  1859.  an 
arrangement  was  made  with  the  Rev.  Horace  T.  Love,  a  graduate 
in  the  class  of  1836,  and  formerly  a  Baptist  missionary  to  Greece, 
to  act  as  soliciting  agent  for  both  Brown  University  and  Water- 
ville  College,  now  Colby  University.  He  immediately  entered 
upon  his  work,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  he  was  aided  by 
President  Sears,  who  labored  with  untiring  energy  and  zeal  to 


332 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


place  the  Institution  over  which  he  presided,  upon  a  good  finan 
cial  basis.  Through  their  united  efforts  subscriptions  amounting 
to  upwards  of  ninety  thousand  dollars  were  secured,  a  part  of 
which  were  applied  to  the  extinguishment  of  the  debt,  a  part  to 
the  building  of  the  new  Chemical  Laboratory,  and  the  remainder, 
with  the  exception  of  several  conditional  subscriptions  not  yet 
paid,  were  applied  to  Scholarships,  an  account  of  which,  and  of 
the  Laboratory,  we  have  already  given.  See  pages  279  and  308. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  subscriptions,  in  addition  to 
subscriptions  for  Scholarships  and  the  Laboratory,  obtained  by 
Messrs.  Love  and  Sears,  (mostly  by  President  Sears,)  between 
the  years  1859  and  1865:- 

John  Carter  Brown, 

($15,000  for  the  erection  of  anew  Library 

Building. 

10,000  for  purchase  of  the  Bowen  lot. 
3,500  for  repairs  on  Manning  Hall. 
1,000  for  New  Chemical  Laboratory. 
500  for  planting  trees  in  College  Park. 

$.30,000) 

Robert  H.  £  Thomas  P.  Ives, 

($3,000  for  extinguishing  the  debt. 
2,000  for  Scholarships. 
1,000  for  New  Chemical  Laboratory. 
10,000  not  specified. 

Samuel  G.  Arnold, 
Jefferson  Borden,  Fall  River, 
James  G.  Bolles,  Hartford, 
Gardner  Colby,  Boston, 
Isaac  Davis,  Worcester, 

In  October,  1865,  the  Treasurer  received  from  the  executor 
of  the  late  Hon.  William  Baylies,  of  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts, 
the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars,  the  same  having  been  bequeathed 
by  him  to  the  University.  Mr.  Baylies,  to  whom  we  have  already 
alluded  in  our  review  of  the  triennial  catalogue,  graduated  under 
President  Maxcy,  in  the  class  of  1795.  He  died  in  Taunton, 
Massachusetts,  September  27,  1865,  aged  eighty-nine  years  and 
twelve  days.  Such  instances  of  remembrance  on  the  part  of  the 
alumni  of  the  University  are  pleasant  to  record. 


30,000 

Jacob  Dunnell,  Pawtucket, 

$1,000 

Edward  Harris,  Woonsocket, 

1,000 

John  B.  Hartwell,    - 

1,000 

Jabez  C.  Knight, 

1,000 

Horatio  N.  Slater      - 

1,000 

16,000 

A.  &  W.  Sprague, 

1,000 

Samuel  Boyd  Tobcy, 

1,000 

Marshall  Woods. 

1.000 

Matthew  Rowland,  New  Bedford 

500 

1  000 

George  Rowland,        "          " 

500 

JL  ,  V  '  "  '\J 

1,000 

Samuel  M.  Noyop,    - 

500 

l',()00 

Jiimes  T.  Rhodes, 

500 

1,000 
1,000 

Total, 

$61,000 

FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  333 

Notwithstanding  the  improved  condition  of  the  University, 
the  increasing  number  of  students,  and  the  additions  made  to 
the  funds,  the  Professors  were  ill  paid  for  their  services,  and  the 
progress  of  the  Institution  was  greatly  retarded  for  want  of  a 
more  complete  endowment.  It  was  determined,  therefore,  to 
make  another  vigorous  effort  on  its  behalf,  and  raise  by  subscrip 
tion  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The 
wise  and  patriotic  course  of  President  Sears  during  the  late  war, 
his  rare  attainments  as  a  scholar,  and  his  distinguished  services 
in  the  cause  of  popular  education,  had  gained  him  warm  friends 
on  every  hand,  and  favorably  disposed  the  minds  of  the  public, 
to  whom  he  now  appealed,  towards  the  Institution  over  which  he 
presided.  His  appeal  met  with  a  ready  and  generous  response. 
Five  gentlemen  of  Providence  cheerfully  subscribed  twenty  thou 
sand  dollars  each,  on  condition  that  the  required  sum  should  be 
secured.  This  condition  they  afterwards  relinquished  on  learning 
the  urgent  needs  of  the  University,  paying  to  the  Treasurer  the 
amount  of  their  subscriptions,  or  giving  security  therefor,  and 
paying  interest  from  September  1,  1866.  The  President,  assisted 
by  Professor  S.  S.  Greene,  has  also  obtained  liberal  subscriptions 
in  Massachusetts,  mostly  on  condition  that  the  required  sum  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  be  secured  in  full.  We 
give  the  names  of  the  subscribers  thus  far,  remarking  that  the 
undertaking  is  still  in  progress,  and  that  encouragement  has  been 
received  of  subscriptions  from  parties  who  are  not  yet  prepared 
to  put  their  names  upon  the  President's  book :  — 

Horatio  N.  Slater,  paid,                 $20,000  ,  J.  Warren  Merrill,  Cambridge,  $5,000 

William  Sprague,       "                      20,000  j  Samuel   Davis,   Boston,  2,000 

Charles  S    Kendall,  "  1,000 

James  Upton,  Salem,  1,000 


William  S.  Slater,      "  20,000 

Earl  P.  Mason,          '•  20,000 

Win.  H.  Reynolds,  (interest  paid,)  20,000 

Gardner  Colby,  Newton  Centre,  10,000 


Joseph  Sawyer,  Boston,  1,000 

Lyman  Tiffany,  Cambridge,  1,000 


Jefferson  Borden,  Fall  Elver,  9,000  j  Stephen  G.  Allen,  Boston,  1,000 

Isaac  Davis,  Worcester,  "    5,000  |  Mrs.  Margaret  Wood,  "  1,000 


334 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


John  Hoi  man,  Boston, 
Jonah  G.  Warren,  Newton  Centre, 
B.  F.  Brooks,  Boston, 
J.  E.  Taylor,  Springfield, 
N.  P.  Mann  &  Co.,  Boston, 
Goo.  C.  Goodwin  and  Geo.  D.  Ed 
munds,  Charlestown, 
John  C.  Pratt,  Boston, 
Edwin  Hall,  Philadelphia, 
Joseph  A.  Pond,  Brighton, 
John  Hanna,  Philadelphia, 
John  C.  Davis,        " 
J.  G    Chase.  Springfield, 
Thomas  E    Evans,  Boston, 
S.  G.  Bowdlear, 
Benjamin  B.  Converse,  Roxbury, 


$250 
250 
250 
250 
200 

200 
200 
200 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
50 


Total,  - 


$150,050 


J.  W.  Converse,  "  SI, 000 

Matthew  Bolles,  1,000 

George  K.  &  H.  A.  Pcrvear,  Lynn,  1,000 

Hezekiah  S.  Chase,  Boston,  '  1,000 

Joseph  H.  Converse,  Cambridge,  1,000 

John  R.  Deane,  Boston,  500 
E.  C.  Fitz,  in  behalf  of  the  Carey 

Avenue  Baptist  Church,  Chelsea,  500 
D.  S.  Ford  &  J.  W.  Olmstead,  for 

Watchman  &  Reflector,  Boston,  500 

Henry  1'.  Glover.  Cambridge,  500 

Gardner  Chiison,  Man-field",  500 

Benjamin  F.  Brown.  Boston,  500 

Thomas  Griggs,  Brookline,  500 

Cash,  paid  September  24,  18GG,  500 

Benjamin  F.  Thomas,  Boston,  500 

H.  N.  Tinkham,  Springfield,  500 

S.  A.  Caldwell,  Philadelphia,  300 

Ezekiel  Blake,  Springfield,  300 

In  the  summer  of  1865,  a  subscription  was  started  by  Presi 
dent  Sears  to  obtain  funds  "  to  pay  the  expense  of  providing  for 
instruction  in  military  tactics  by  Col.  F.  Lippitt,  for  one  year." 
The  plan  of  thus  establishing  a  military  school  in  connection 
with  the  University,  was  for  a  time,  however,  abandoned.  There 
is  now,  we  are  informed,  an  encouraging  prospect  of  accomplish 
ing  in  the  most  effective  manner  the  object  of  such  a  school, 
under  the  auspices  and  general  direction  of  the  United  States 
government.  The  names  of  the  subscribers  for  this  military 
fund  are  hereby  given,  in  accordance  with  the  general  plan  of 
our  work.  Several  of  the  persons  named,  it  will  be  observed, 
have  paid  their  subscriptions,  the  amount,  three  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars,  having  been  expended  by  consent  of  the  parties,  in 
the  purchase  of  the  Cromwell  portrait  for  Rhode  Island  Hall. 
The  balance  of  the  subscriptions  will  doubtless  be  cheerfully 
paid,  whenever  funds  shall  be  needed  for  the  purposes  above 
specified  :  — 

Ambrose  E.  Burnsidc,  -  $50 

Tully  D.  Bowen,  50 

Earl  P.  Mason,       -  -     50 


E.  P.  Taft, 
John  F.  Chapin, 
Henry  B.  Anthony. 


550 
50 
50 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  335 

A.  S.  Gallup,  -  $50  j  Truman  Beckwith,  -  $50 

Kufus  Waterman.                                       50    Samuel  Foster,    -  50 

Royal  C.  Taft,  paid,  -     50  j  Robert  H.  Ive.s,  50 

Jacob  T.  Seagrave,      -                             50    William  Goddard,  -  <50 

William  M.  Bailey,  -     50   J.  P.  Baleli  &  Son,  -     50 

H.  A.  Hidden,   -                                      50  |  Amos  I).  Smith  &  Co.,  paid,  50 

Cyrus  Taft,    -  -     50   Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  50 

Henry  Anthony,  paid,                               50    Usher  Parsons,    -  50 

Seth  Adams,  Jr.,    -  -     50   Amos  C.  Barstow,  -     50 

John  M.  Mason,                                      50   K.  K.  Glezen,     -  50 

J.  Dunnell,    -  -     50  j  Setli  Padelford,  paid,  -     50 


W.  T.  Dor  ranee,  paid,  50 

William  Sprague,   "  -     50 

William  B.  Weeden,  paid,   -  50 


Elisha  Dyer,        -  25 


Total,  -         -  $1,575 


At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Corporation  held  in  September, 
1866,  Mr.  Ives  resigned  the  Treasurership.  For  nearly  a  century 
the  financial  affairs  of  the  College  had  been  managed,  as  we  have 
seen,  with  uncommon  wisdom  and  skill,  by  the  representatives  of 
a  single  family.  It  is  doubtful  if  a  similar  instance  can  be  found 
in  the  history  of  any  other  College ; — and  it  is  certain  that  four 
successive  treasurers  thus  related  cannot  be  found,  who  have 
displayed  such  remarkable  munificence,  ability,  and  zeal  in  pro 
moting  the  welfare  of  an  institution  of  learning.  For  this  the 
names  of  John  Brown,  Nicholas  Brown,  Moses  Brown  Ives,  and 
Robert  Hale  Ives  will  be  held  in  everlasting  remembrance,  by 
the  graduates  and  friends  of  Brown  University. 

An  abstract  from  Mr.  Ives's  last  annual  report  to  the  Corpora 
tion,  presents  a  brief  statement  of  the  invested  funds  of  the 
University,  and  also  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the 
year  ending  August  31,  1866  :  — 

INVESTED  FUNDS. 

1.  Common  Fund,           -         -  $173,800  [  6.  Scholarships  Fund,  -         -     $38.000 

2.  Library  Fund,                               25,000   7.  Agricultural  Fund,  1,000 

3.  President's  Premium  Fund,          1,000    8.  New  Subscription,  -         -       20,000 

4.  Aid  Fund,          -         -         -         5,000 


5.  Jackson  Prize  Fund,       -  1,250 


Total,  -       $265,050 


336 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


RECEIPTS  FOR  THE  CURRENT  YEAR. 

Collected  from  students  through  |  Bequest  of  William  Baylies, 

the  Register, 

Income  of  invested  Funds, 
Orders  on  Scholarships, 
Orders  on  Aid  Fund, 


$14,408  14  |  Old  debit  to  Scholarships  trans- 


14,340  43 

3,040  00 

485  00 


ferred, 


Total, 


!2,000  00 

2,841  55 

,115  12 


DISBURSEMENTS. 


Repairs,    - 
Expenses, 
Salaries,    - 
Balance  of  Laboratory  account 
transferred,    - 


$3,041  92 

5,938  91 

18,127  50 

8,467  55 


Interest  on  Draft,  -  29  03 

Loan  from  Library  Fund  repaid, 

with  interest,      -         -  1,456  41 


Total. 


-    $37,061  41 


Mr.  Ives  was  succeeded  in  the  Treasurership  by  Marshall 
Woods,  M.  D.,  a  graduate  of  the  University  in  the  class  of  1845. 
He  entered  upon  his  duties  soon  after  his  return  from  Europe,  or 
about  the  1st  of  January,  1867.  Mr.  Woods,  it  may  be  remarked, 
is  allied  to  the  Brown  family,  having  married  Anne  Brown  Francis, 
a  descendant,  on  her  father's  side,  of  John  Brown,  the  third  Treas 
urer  of  tne  College,  and  on  her  mother's  side,  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas 
Brown. 

The  following  is  the  Treasurer's  statement  of  the  invested 
funds  of  the  University  April  12,  1867,  the  time  when  these 
sheets  are  passing  through  the  press :  — 


Common  Fund,  including  the 
amount   of    new   subscrip 


tion  paid  in, 
Scholarships  Fund, 
Library  Fund, 
Aid  Fund, 


$213,853  75 
40,797  50 
25,000  00 
6,000  00 


Jackson  Prize  Fund,  $1 ,250  00 

President's  Premium  Fund,          1,00000 
Agricultural  Fund,  1,000  00 


Total, 


-     $288,901  25 


The  following  is  a  brief  summary  of  all  the  legacies  and 
bequests  that  have  been  made  to  the  College  during  the  first 
century  of  its  existence,  or  at  least  all  of  which  we  have  any 


knowledge :  — 

1772.     Rev.  Dr.  John  Gill,  of  London,  books. 
1783,     Rev.  Benjamin  Wallin,  of  London, 
1791.     Miss  Hannah  Ward, 


$125 
40 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY. 


337 


1800.     Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  of  Middleborough,  books. 
1818.     Rev.  William  Richards,  LL.  D.,  of  Lynn,  England,  books. 

1841.     Hon.  Nicholas  Brown,  -   $22,000 

"           "            "         lands,  estimated  present  value,                  -  150,000 

1853.     Hon.  James  Tallmadge,  LL.  D.,  of  New  York,  1,000 

18G5.     Hon.  William  Baylies,  LL.  D.,       -  2,000 

Total,  1400  volumes,  and  lands  and  money  to  the  amount  of    -         -  $175,165 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  various  subscriptions  for 
the  College,  or  University,  of  which  an  account  is  given  in  the 
present  work : — 

1766-71.  Miscellaneous  subscriptions,  (pages  318-19,)  -  $1,043 
1767—68.  Subscriptions  obtained  in  England  and  Ireland  by  Morgan 

Edwards,  (pages  149-63,)  4,500 
1769-70.  Subscriptions  obtained  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  by 

Hezekiah  Smith,  (pages  113-226,)  •  2,500 

1770-71.  For  the  erection  of  the  College  buildings,  (pages  235-41,)  9,480 

1775-91.  Miscellaneous  subscriptions,  (page  332,)  530 

1783.  For  the  purchase  of  Philosophical  Apparatus,  (page  68,)  1,000 

1784.  To  purchase  books  for  the  Library,   (page  68,)  2,300 
1809-10.     For  the  University  Grammar  School,  (pages  257-8,)      -  1,452 
1825.            For  the  Library,  (page  80,)  840 
1831-2.       For  the  Library  Fund,  (pages  83-7,)  -  19,438 
1838-9.       For  Rhode  Island  Hall  and  the  President's  House,  (pp.  272-4,)  20,890 
1854-5.       For  the  purchase  of  English  books,  (pages  90-4,)     -  5,060 
1847-8.       Subscriptions  of  Providence   churches   for   the   encourage 
ment  of  patristic  learning,  (pages  103-4,)  2,000 

1850—1.       To  raise  a  fund  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand 

dollars,  (pages  325-8,)    -  127,995 
1857-66.     For  portraits  and  bust  in  Rhode  Island  Hall,  (pages  285-97,)          6,400 
1859-62.     For  the  Chemical  Laboratory,  (pages  279-80,)      -  14,250 
1859-65.     Subscriptions  obtained  by  President  Sears  arid  Mr.  Love, 
to  extinguish  debt,  etc.,  and  not  included  in  other  sub 
scriptions  here  enumerated,  (pages  321-2,)  57,000 
1859-67.     Subscriptions  for  Scholarships,  (pages  308-13,)     -  41,000 
1865.            For  military  instruction,  (pages  834-5;)  -  1,575 
1866-7.       New  Subscriptions,  (pages  333-4,)  150,050 

Total,  $469,303 

43 


338  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

We  close  this  chapter  with  such  extracts  from  the  last  will 
and  testament  of  the  Hon.  Nicholas  Brown  as  pertain  to  the 
history  of  the  University  : — 

To  my  grandson  Nicholas  Brown,  son  of  my  oldest  son  Nicholas  Brown,  now 
living  near  the  city  of  New  York,  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  my  Brick  House  estate, 
situated  in  said  Providence,  and  extending  from  South  Main  street  to  the  river,  the 
said  house  being  now  occupied  by  the  Blackstone  Canal  Bank  ;  he  my  said  grandson 
to  come  into  the  possession  and  enjoyment  thereof,  when  he  shall  arrive  to  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years ;  and  that  the  said  estate  shall  not,  for  any  cause  or  under  any  pre 
tence,  be  sold  before  my  said  grandson  shall  arrive  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years, 
should  he  so  long  live ;  and  that  until  that  period,  the  one-half  of  the  rents  and  income 
of  said  estate,  after  deducting  the  repairs,  taxes  and  insurance,  be  by  my  said  execu 
tors  kept  separate  and  apart,  as  a  fund  to  accumulate,  and  on  his  arrival  at  that  age, 
the  same  be  paid  over  to  him  my  said  grandson,  for  his  own  use  and  benefit ;  and  the 
other  half  of  the  said  rents  and  income  on  said  estate,  after  deducting  as  aforesaid,  to 
be  paid,  as  the  same  shall  be  collected,  to  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  to  be 
by  them  appropriated  to  the  charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserving  young  men  in 
obtaining  their  education  while  members  of  said  University. 

To  the  Corporation  of  Rhode  Island  College  or  Brown  University,  established  at 
Providence,  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  my  undivided  half  part  of  the  Corliss  lots,  so 
called,  situated  in  Providence,  and  adjoining  to  their  other  College  lots,  and  extending 
easterly  therefrom  to  Hope  street,  to  be  and  remain  to  them,  their  successors  and 
assigns  forever,  they  to  come  into  possession  and  enjoyment  of  the  same,  in  ten  years 
after  my  decease.  Also  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  the  Corporation  of  Rhode 
Island  College  or  Brown  University,  the  further  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  to  be 
applied  to  building  a  house  for  the  President  of  the  Institution,  on  the  Waterman  lot, 
on  Waterman  and  Prospect  streets,  unless  I  shall  have  erected  such  house  in  my  life 
time.  Also  the  additional  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  appropriated  in  the 
erection  of  an  edifice  for  minerals;  these  two  last  MIIUS  to  be  paid  in  one  year  after  my 
decease.  Also  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  towards  making  up  the  library  fund, 
payable  in  eighteen  months  after  my  decease.  Also  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars  in  cash,  payable  by  my  executors  in  ten  years  from  my  decease.  Also  I  give, 
devise  and  bequeath  to  the  Corporation  of  Rhode  Island  College  or  Brown  University, 
the  Hopkins  estate  and  wall  lots,  situated  south  of  the  Colleges  and  on  the  northerly 
side  of  George  street,  in  said  Providence. 

CODICIL. 

I  have  also  in  my  said  Will,  and  on  the  fourth  page  thereof,  devised  and  bequeathed 
to  the  Corporation  of  Rhode  Island  College  or  Brown  University,  among  other  things, 


FINANCIAL     HISTORY.  339 

the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  to  be  applied  to  building  a  house  for  the  President  of 
the  Institution,  on  the  Waterman  Lot ;  also  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  to  be 
appropriated  to  the  erection  of  an  edifice  for  minerals ;  also  the  sum  of  one  thousand 
dollars  towards  making  up  the  Library  fund  ;  all  which  things  have  been  done,  and  to 
which  I  have  contributed ;  and  the  said  bequests  are  therefore  hereby  revoked.  And 
I  have  given  to  said  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  by  my  said  Will,  and  on  the 
third  page  thereof,  one-half  of  the  net  income  of  the  rents  and  profits  of  my  Brick 
House  estate  with  the  buildings  thereon,  extending  from  South  Main  street  to  the 
water,  for  and  during  the  minority  of  my  grandson  Nicholas  Brown,  to  whom  the 
estate  is  devised  in  fee ;  the  half  of  said  net  income  to  be  by  said  Corporation  appro 
priated  to  the  charitable  purpose  of  aiding  deserving  young  men  in  obtaining  their 
education  while  members  of  said  University.  And  I  do  hereby  recommend  to  said 
Corporation,  and  to  the  Faculty  thereof,  to  accept  of  the  advice  and  recommendation 
of  the  Warren  Education  Society,  as  to  the  persons  who  shall  receive  the  benefit  of 
such  aid  and  assistance,  when  said  Society  shall  offer  their  advice  and  recommendation 
in  relation  thereto. 

I  have  also  by  my  said  Will,  on  the  fourth  page  thereof,  given  and  bequeathed  to 
said  Corporation  of  Brown  University,  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  in  cash, 
payable  in  ten  years  after  my  decease,  by  my  Executors.  Now  therefore,  as  a 
substitute  and  lieu  of  the  said  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  I  do  hereby  give  and 
bequeath  unto  said  Corporation  of  Brown  University  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars, 
to  be  paid  by  my  Executors,  within  the  time  mentioned  in  said  Will. 

To  the  Northern  Baptist  Education  Society,  in  Massachusetts,  I  give  and  bequeath 
in  addition  to  what  I  have  before  given  to  that  Society,  the  sura  of  one  thousand 
dollars,  to  be  paid  in  ten  annual  payments  of  one  hundred  dollars  each ;  under  the 
hope  and  expectation  that  said  Society  will  assist  such  charity  scholars  as  contemplate 
finishing  their  education  at  Brown  University. 


COMMENCEMENT  EXERCISES 


1769-1866. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES. 


ARREN,  as  we  have  already  stated,  was  the  cradle  of  the 
infant  College,  and  here  the  first  Commencement  was 
held,  in  the  Baptist  meeting-house,  Wednesday,  September  7, 
1769.  The  occasion  drew  together  a  crowd  of  people  from  all 
parts  of  the  Colony,  inaugurating,  says  the  historian  Arnold,  the 
earliest  State  holiday  in  the  history  of  Rhode  Island.  Seven 
young  men,  having  completed  the  required  course  of  study,  took 
their  "Bachelor's  degree  in  the  arts."  Their  names  are  thus 
entered  by  President  Manning  on  his  "Matriculation  Roll":  — 

WILLIAM  ROGERS,         -     -  entered  September  3,  1705,  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

RICHARD  STITES,    -     -     -  "  June  20,  1766,  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey. 

JOSEPH  B ELTON,       -     -     -  "  November  4,  1766,  Groton,  Connecticut. 

JOSEPH  EATON,      -     -     -  "  November  10,  1766,  Hopewell,  New  Jersey, 

WILLIAM  WILLIAMS,     -     -  "  November  10,  1766,  Hilltown,  Pennsylvania. 

CHARLES  THOMPSON,  -     -  "  November  10,  1766,  Ainwell,  New  Jersey. 

JAMES  MITCHELL  VARNUM,      "  May  23,  1768,  Dracut,  Massachusetts. 

Four  out  of  these  seven  students  came,  it  will  be  observed,  from 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  where  the  College  had  its  origin. 
Rogers,  the  FIRST  STUDENT,  and  the  only  one  from  Rhode  Island, 
became  distinguished  as  a  man  of  letters  and  as  a  preacher.  He 


344  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

was  chaplain  of  a  brigade  in  the  Continental  army,  and  for  many 
years  was  Professor  of  Oratory  and  Belles  Lettres  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  also  for  some  "time  previous  to  the 
war,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Philadelphia.  Stites 
was  a  brother-in-law  of  President  Manning.  He  studied  medi 
cine  and  became  a  practising  physician  in  the  State  of  his  birth. 
Dr.  Stephen  Gano,  so  long  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  in 
Providence,  studied  medicine  under  him  two  years.  Of  Belton's 
personal  history  we  have  been  unable  to  learn  any  particulars. 
Eaton  was  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton,  to  whom  belongs  the 
distinguished  honor  of  founding  Hopewell  Academy.  Williams 
settled  in  Wrentham,  Massachusetts,  as  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church, 
and  the  principal  of  an  academy,  which,  in  his  day,  attained  to 
high  distinction  as  a  literary  institution.  Of  the  many  youth 
under  his  care  upwards  of  eighty  were  fitted  for  his  alma  mater, 
among  whom  may  be  mentioned  the  Rev.  Dr.  Maxcy,  successor 
to  Manning,  the  Hon.  David  R.  Williams,  Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  and  the  Hon.  Tristam  Burges.  Thompson,  the  valedic 
torian  of  the  class,  was  a  successful  pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church 
in  Warren,  and  afterwards  for  many  years,  of  the  church  in 
Swansea.  He  was  also  a  chaplain  in  the  American  army.  Yar- 
num  became  a  successful  lawyer  and  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
orators  in  the  Colony  of  Rhode  Island.  He  was  also  noted  as 
a  military  man,  and  in  1777  was  promoted  by  Congress  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General.  His  biography,  together  with  that  of 
Rogers,  Thompson,  and  Williams,  may  be  found  in  our  LIFE  OF 
DR.  MANNING. 

The  following  is  the  order  of  exercises  for  this  Commence 
ment,  taken  from  the  PROVIDENCE  GAZETTE  AND  COUNTRY  JOURNAL. 
The  valedictory  oration  in  the  hand-writing  of  the  author,  is 
among  the  documents  preserved  in  the  Library  of  the  University. 
The  publication  of  this  oration,  together  with  the  Latin  Saluta- 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  345 

tory,  and  the  addresses  of  Williams,  Varnum,  and  Rogers,  we  are 
reluctantly  compelled  to  omit  for  the  present :  — 

1769. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Richard  Stites. 

2.  The   Americans,  in  their  present   Circumstances,   cannot,   consistent  with  good 

Policy,  affect  to  become  an  Independent  State ;  a  Forensic  Dispute. 

James  M.  Varnum,     William  Williams. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Benevolence.     -  William  Rogers. 

4.  Materia  cogitare  non  potest ;  a  Syllogistic  Disputation  in  Latin. 

William  Williams,    Joseph  Belton,    Joseph  Eaton, 
William  Rogers,    James  M.  Varnum. 

5.  The  Oratorial  Art;  an  Oration,  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Charles  Thompson. 

Before  proceeding  to  give  in  their  order  the  exercises  of  the 
various  Commencements  that  have  heen  held  since  the  memora 
ble  "First  Commencement,"  we  may  allude  to  some  of  the  "acts 
and  resolves  "  pertaining  thereto.  In  looking  over  the  records  of 
the  Corporation,  we  find  under  date  of  March  13,  1786,  the 
following :  — 

RESOLVED,  That  in  future,  the  candidates  for  Bachelor  Degrees,  being  alumni  of 
the  College,  shall  be  clad  at  Commencement  in  black  flowing  robes  and  caps,  similar 
to  those  used  at  other  universities. 

RESOLVED,  That  an  exclusive  right  of  furnishing  such  robes  and  caps,  for  the  use 
of  the  candidates,  be  granted  and  confirmed  to  an  undertaker  for  the  space  of  fifteen 
years ;  and  that  Mr.  Asher  Robbins  be  authorized  to  inquire  for  an  undertaker,  and 
find  out  the  lowest  terms  on  which  such  robes  and  caps  may  be  obtained,  and  to  report 
the  same  to  the  Faculty  of  the  College  for  the^time  being,  who  are  hereby  authorized 
to  complete  the  contract. 

The  President  now  wears  the  classic  "gown  and  cap,"  while 
half  a  dozen  robes,  worn  in  turn  by  successive  speakers  of  the 
graduating  class,  serve  to  perpetuate  the  customs  and  usages 
of  the  past.  In  accordance  with  the  so  called  progressive  spirit 
of  the  age,  we  may  expect  ere  long  to  see  these  badges  and  sym- 

44 


346  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

bols  of  scholastic  life  in  the  older  universities  of  Europe,  abolished 
in  this  democratic  country  of  ours,  which  requires  its  represen 
tatives  abroad  to  dispense  with  ceremonial  court  dresses,  and 
such  like  insignia  of  office  and  rank. 

Under  date  of  September  6,  1787,  we  find  it 

RESOLVED,  That  in  future  the  Salutatory  Oration  at  public  Commencements,  be 
assigned  by  the  President ;  that  the  Valedictory  and  Intermediate  Orations  be  assigned 
by  the  classes ;  and  that  the  Syllogistic  and  Forensic  Disputes,  and  such  other  exer 
cises  as  they  may  judge  necessary,  be  assigned  by  the  President  and  Tutors ;  and  that 
in  case  any  student  shall  refuse,  or  neglect  to  exhibit  his  part,  or  any  of  said  exercises, 
in  writing,  at  or  before  the  time  of  the  examination  of  his  class  for  the  honors  of  the 
College,  the  President  and  Tutors  shall  assign  the  part  or  parts  of  such  delinquent  or 
delinquents,  to  such  others  of  the  same  class  as  they  may  think  proper. 

It  would  thus  appear  that  the  Valedictorian  was  formerly 
appointed  by  his  classmates,  not  so  much  perhaps  on  account 
of  superior  scholarship,  as  the  possession  of  popular  gifts  and 
the  graces  of  oratory.  In  this  connection  we  may  add,  that 
the  expenses  of  Commencement  were,  in  the  early  history  of  the 
College,  defrayed  by  the  graduating  class,  those  having  the  high 
est  parts  paying  the  largest  sums.  Thus  we  find  it  stated  in 
Bowen's  Memoir  of  Tristam  Burges,  that  this  distinguished  orator 
paid  one  hundred  dollars,  or  nearly  one-half  the  expenses  of  Com 
mencement,  in  1796,  for  the  valedictory  honors  to  which  he  had 
been  assigned,  while  the  Salutatorian  paid  eighty  dollars. 

The  following  resolution,  passed  by  the  Corporation,  Septem 
ber  2,  1790,  reads  strangely  to  those  who  are  accustomed  to  the 
quiet  Commencements  of  the  present  day  :  — 

RESOLVED,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Baptist  Society,  in  future,  to  take 
effectual  measures  to  prevent  the  erection  of  booths,  or  receptacles  for  liquors,  or  other 
things  for  sale,  and  all  disorderly  practices  on  tho  Baptist  Meeting  House  lot,  on 
Commencement  days. 

Until  within  a  comparatively  recent  period  Commencement 
has  been  a  general  holiday,  manufacturing  establishments  in  the 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  347 

city  and  vicinity  being  closed,  and  the  people  crowding  the  streets 
to  witness  the  PROCESSION  escorted  by  Col.  Tillinghast's  "  Company 
of  Cadets."  or  the  "  United  Company  of  the  Train  of  Artillery." 
Tents  and  booths  were  everywhere  erected,  and  the  day  was  given 
to  mirth  and  enjoyment.  Tuesday  the  undergraduate  societies 
had  their  celebrations,  and  in  the  evening,  from  the  beginning  of 
Maxcy's  administration  down  to  the  accession  of  Dr.  Wayland  to 
the  Presidency,  there  were  transparencies  and  an  illumination  of 
the  College  buildings,  by  the  students.  The  change  of  time  made 
in  1851,  from  September  to  July,  tended  to  destroy  much  of  the 
popular  element  of  this  Collegiate  anniversary.  After  a  short 
experience  of  two  years  the  Corporation  wisely  returned  to  the 
time  honored  "first  Wednesday  in  September,"  but  in  the  estima 
tion  of  the  masses  of  the  people,  the  glory  of  "  Rhode  Island 
Commencement"  has  departed. 

For  more  than  half  a  century  the  exercises  of  Commencement 
were  continued  during  both  forenoon  and  afternoon,  with  an  inter 
val  between.  The  present  mode  of  conducting  them  was  adopted 
in  September,  1829.  Since  that  time,  and  especially  since  about 
the  year  1840,  the  "Commencement  Dinner,"  at  the  CLOSE  of  the 
literary  exercises  in  the  church,  has  been  a  prominent  feature  of 
the  day. 

The  earliest  printed  "  Order  of  Exercises "  of  which  we  have 
any  knowledge,  is  dated  1795.  The  account  of  Commencements 
previous  to  that  year  has  been  obtained  with  great  difficulty, 
mainly  from  files  of  the  PROVIDENCE  GAZETTE,  and  from  Rippon's 
BAPTIST  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  published  in  London.  A  complete  set 
of  the  printed  Exercises  from  the  year  1800,  bound  in  a  hand 
some  quarto  volume,  is  among  the  documents  that  are  carefully 
preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  University. 

The  second  Commencement  of  the  College,  and  the  first  in 
Providence,  was  held  in  Mr.  Snow's  meeting-house,  on  the  west 


348  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

side  of  the  river,  this  being,  at  the  time,  the  largest  house  in  town. 
Here  subsequent  Commencements  were  held  until  1776,  when 
the  new  Baptist  meeting-house  was  ready  for  use.  The  following 
are  the  anniversary  exercises  of  the  College  for  nearly  a  century, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  their  successive  years  :  — 

1770. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  John  Dennis. 

2.  A  Forensic  Dispute.  John  Dennis,    Theodore  Foster, 

Samuel  Nash,  Seth  Read. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  Catholicism.  Theodore  Foster. 

4.  A  Syllogistic  Disputation  in  Latin.  Theodore  Foster,  Respondent ; 

Samuel  Nash,  Seth  Read,  John  Dennis,  Opponents. 

5.  The  Valedictory  Oration.  Seth  Read. 

"  The  business  of  the  day  being  concluded."  says  the  GAZETTE, 
"  and  before  the  Assembly  broke  up,  a  piece  from  Homer  was 
pronounced  by  Master  Billy  Edwards,  one  of  the  Grammar 
School  boys,  not  nine  years  old."  This  Edwards  was  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Morgan  Edwards.  He  graduated,  it  will  be  observed,  in  the 
class  of  1776. 

1771. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Samuel  Ward. 

2.  A  Dialogue,  on  the  necessity  of  perpetuating  the  Union  between  Great  Britain 

and  her  Colonies.  Thomas  Arnold,    Micah  Brown. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Peace.  Thomas  Ustick. 

4.  Justitia  punitiva  Dei  est  attributum  ;  a  Syllogistic  Disputation. 

Thomas  Arnold,  Respondent; 

Micah  Brown,    Ranna  Cossit,    Benjamin  Farnhain,  Opponents. 

5.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  Literature.  Samuel  Ward,    Ranna  Cossit, 

Benjamin  Farnham. 

6.  The  Antiquity  and  Usefulness  of  Civil  Law;    an  Oration  with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.  Thomas  Arnold. 

1772. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Joseph  D.  Russell. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  History.  Elias  Howcll. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXEKCISES.  349 

3.  Soliloquy  on  Solitude,  Joseph  Appleton. 

4.  An  Oration  on  Agriculture,  and  the  Pleasures  of  a  Country  Life.     Joseph  Harris. 

5.  The  Origin,  Nature  and  Design  of  Civil  Government ;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's 

Degree.  James  M.  Varnum,  (class  of  1769.) 

6.  Miracula  extitisse  humano  Testimonio  probari  potest ;  a  Syllogistic  Disputation. 

Elias  Howell,  Respondent ; 

Joseph  Appleton,    Benjamin  Greene,    Ebenezer  David,  Opponents. 

7.  Female  Education ;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Richard  Stites,  (class  of  1769.) 

8.  The  Incomparable   Advantages  of  Religion;    an   Oration   with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.  Ebenezer  David. 

1773. 

From  a  "Remonstrance  of  the  Senior  Class  of  Rhode  Island 
College  to  the  respectable  the  President  and  Professor  of  the 
same,"  bearing  date  February  19,  1773,  it  appears  that  serious 
objections  had  been  made  to  a  Commencement  for- this  year,  on 
the  ground  mainly  that  the  graduating  class  were  not  "  orators." 
These  objections  were  finally  overruled,  and  Commencement  was 
held  as  usual.  The  following  account  from  the  Diary  of  the 
Valedictorian,  Doct.  Solomon  Drowne,  is  kindly  furnished  us  by  his 
grandson,  Rev.  Thomas  S.  Drowne,  of  Brooklyn.  We  publish  it, 
instead  of  the  regular  Order  of  Exercises.  The  author,  it  may 
be  observed,  was  an  intimate  friend  of  President  Manning,  and 
for  many  years  was  a  Professor  in  the  College.  His  portrait  is 
in  the  Collection  in  Rhode  Island  Hall:  — 

WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  1.  At  length  the  day,  the  great,  the  important  day, 
is  come.  0  may  it  prove  propitious.  Now  we  must  pass  from  easy  college  duties 
into  the  busy,  bustling  scenes  of  life.  At  about  ten  o'clock,  the  Corporation  being 
assembled,  we  walk  in  procession  from  the  College  Hall  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Snow's 
meeting-house,  where  the  President  introduces  the  business  of  the  day  by  Prayer;  after 
which  Nash  addresses  the  assembly  in  a  Latin  Salutatory  Oration  ;  then  follows  an 
English  Oration,  pronounced  by  Mr.  Foster,  upon  the  Discovery,  progressive  Settlement, 
present  State  and  future  Greatness  of  the  American  Colonies ;  which  is  succeeded  by 
a  Syllogistic  Disputation  in  Latin,  (the  Theses  being  previously  distributed,)  "An  Vol- 


350  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

untati  competit  Libertas?"  wherein  Litchfield  is  the  Respondent,  and  myself,  Padelford 
and  Tillinghast,  the  Opponents.  After  this,  Tillinghast  delivers  an  Oration  on  Polite 
ness,  which  finishes  the  exercises  of  the  forenoon. 

The  afternoon  exercises  begin  with  an  English  Oration  for  the  Master's  degree, 
upon  Civil  Liberty,  by  Mr.  Dennis.  The  degree  of  A.  B.  is  then  conferred  on  myself, 
Joseph  Litchfield,  Jacob  Nash,  Philip  Padelford  and  Henry  H.  Tillinghast  ;  and  the 
decree  of  A.  M.  on  Messrs.  John  Dennis,  Theodore  Foster,  Samuel  Nash  and  Seth 

O 

Read  ;  also  on  Doct.  Thomas  Eyre,  Secretary  of  the  College,  and  late  of  Yale  College  ; 
to  which  succeeded  my  Valedictory  Oration  ;  and  then  a  most  solemn  and  pathetic 
charge  by  the  President  to  our  class.  The  whole  is  concluded  by  Prayer. 

Now  our  palpitation  and  anxiety  are  over.  *  *  Thus  ends  a  day  which  has  been 
long  expected,  but  has  passed  forever. 

The  following  is  President  Manning's  charge,  to  which  allusion 
is  made  in  the  foregoing  account,  and  for  which  we  are  indebted 
to  Henry  T.  Drowne,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  also  a  grandson  of  Doct. 
Drowne. 

The  practice  of  delivering  a  BACCALAUREATE  ADDRESS,  inaugu 
rated  by  Manning,  and  followed  by  his  successor,  Maxcy,  and 
for  a  time  by  President  Messer,  was  afterwards  discontinued. 

PRESIDENT  MANNING'S  ADDKESS. 

You  will  naturally  expect  that  I  should  express  the  same  aifectionate  regard  for 
your  welfare,  as  for  that  of  those  who  have  before  shared  the  honors  of  this  College, 
by  giving  you  a  parting  charge.  But  if  I  thought  you  would  expect  and  imagine  I 
would  give  it  as  a  mere  thing  of  course,  and  with  unfeeling  formality,  I  should  either 
entirely  omit  it,  or  endeavor  to  conceive  it  in  such  terms  and  utter  it  with  such  tones 
as  would  convince  you  of  my  earnestness.  But  even  to  suggest  that  yon  were  all 
capable  of  such  unaccountable  insensibility,  would  be  highly  injurious  to  your  character, 
for  which  [  publicly  profess  the  most  tender  concern. 

With  you  I  consider  the  scene  now  shifted,  and  you  to  have  exchanged  the  retire 
ment  of  a  college  for  the  clamorous,  or  at  least  busy,  scenes  of  life;  —  that  agitated 
ocean  on  which,  unless  Providence  is  distinguishingly  propitious,  you  may  expect  to 
find  full  exercise  for  all  your  abilities,  and  at  last  perhaps  scarce  weather  out  the  storms, 
with  honor  and  advantage,  which  will  gather  and  thwart  even  a  virtuous  course. 

To  lay  down  general  rules  and  useful  maxims  for  your  future  conduct,  is  a  matter 
extremely  easy ;  for  you  to  adopt  and  apply  them,  untutored  by  experience,  is  not  so 
easy. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  351 

Experience  is  a  kind  of  knowledge  that  is  purely  personal,  and  hence  arise  the 
numberless  mistakes  of  inadvertent  youth  ;  yet,  from  an  attentive  view  of  life,  much 
may  be  learned  from  others,  for  causes  similar  will  be  productive  of  similar  effects. 
The  same  course  of  action  which  has  brought  infamy  on  others,  will  involve  you  also ; 
and  the  virtuous,  useful  life  of  others  points  you  directly  to  that  reputation  which 
they  have  acquired.  So  far,  then,  success  may  be  hoped  for  from  wholesome  lectures 
read  to  docile  minds,  and  a  suitable  charge  given  to  those  who  aim  to  tread  the  path 
of  virtue  and  climb  to  solid  reputation. 

The  sagacious  public  will  not  onjy  discern  your  quantity  of  capacity,  but  decide 
who  of  you  have  most  exerted  yourselves  to  improve  in  knowledge  ;  and,  small  as  this 
class  is,  and  numerous  as  the  disadvantages  under  which  it  has  labored  are,  I  am  not 
without  hopes  of  seeing  at  least  some  of  its  members  distinguish  themselves  amongst 
the  sons  of  science. 

Tf  a  proper  foundation  has  not  been  laid  in  your  first  studies  to  initiate  you  into 
the  knowledge  of  letters,  [  believe  you  will  do  your  Instructors  the  justice  to  impute 
it  to  something  else  as  the  cause,  rather  than  to  their  inattention  to  your  interest  or 
their  duty. 

And  though  a  course  of  four  years  in  college  without  forfeiting  a  standing  by 
vicious  conduct  is  generally  thought  sufficient  to  entitle  to  a  degree,  yet  something 
more  than  possessing  a  diploma  must  prove  that  you  merit  it.  I  therefore  charge  you 
to  press  forward  with  hasty  steps  in  the  road  to  knowledge,  and  if  an  immature  age,  a 
fickle  and  indolent  temper,  or  but  a  moderate  capacity  has  distanced  you  in  the  race, 
let  more  confirmed  age,  future  activity  and  redoubled  diligence  urge  you  on  with  a 
noble  ambition  at  once  to  even  outdo  yourselves,  and  agreeably  disappoint  the  expecta 
tions  of  your  friends. 

Tn  forming  your  connections,  as  well  as  in  all  your  undertakings,  proceed  with  the 
utmost  caution.  The  neglect  of  this  has  proved  the  ruin  of  thousands. 

Be  slow  to  speak,  but  swift  to  hear  ;  be  angry  only  when  absolutely  necessary,  and 
then  you  will  not  be  likely  to  exceed  due  bounds.  Despise  the  narrow,  contracted 
principle  which  actuates  the  selfish,  and  only  think  you  deserve  the  character  of  men 
when  you  affectionately  love  and  glow  with  ardor  to  promote  the  happiness  of  all 
mankind.  Your  personal  wants  are  few,  unless  unnecessarily  multiplied  by  yourselves, 
and  consequently  you  may  expend  much  on  the  public. 

Remember  that  the  lowest  calling  in  life  may  be  honored  by  a  proper  attention 
paid  to  the  duties  of  it,  and  that  the  highest  may  be  degraded  by  the  neglect  of  them. 
Aspire  not,  therefore,  to  an  exalted  station  without  conscious  worth  to  entitle  you  to  it, 
and  an  unshaken  resolution  to  support  it. 

Despise  as  well  those  fetters  of  the  mind  forged  by  devoted  bigots  to  opinion,  as 
those  foi  the  body  by  tyrannic  princes  and  legislatures. 


352  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Challenge  the  glorious  prerogative  of  thinking  for  yourselves  in  religious  matters, 
and  generously  grant  to  others  without  a  grudge  what  you  yourselves  deem  the  dearest 
of  all  blessings. 

I  have  a  right  to  expect  your  friendship  for  this  College,  and  your  strenuous 
exertions  in  its  just  vindication,  while  I  interdict  an  ungenerous  partiality. 

Make  religion  your  first,  your  great,  your  only  concern.  Converse  intimately 
with  death  by  devout  meditation.  Read  with  the  closest  attention  the  Scriptures  of 
God,  and  by  their  aid  realize  the  awful,  glorious  realities  of  eternity.  Make  them 
alone  the  standard  of  both  your  faith  arid  your  practice .  "Refute  the  daring,  licentious 
infidel  with  a  holy  life,  without  which  the  most  holy  profession  is  both  utterly  incredible 
and  unavailing. 

And  should  any  of  you  assume  the  character  of  a  Christian  preacher,  I  warn  you 
to  beware  of  touching  this  sacred  Ark  with  unhallowed  hands.  Remember  the  awful, 
ever  memorable  fate  of  those  who  offered  strange  fire ;  such  will  yours  be,  except  your 
hearts  are  purified  with  the  faith  of  the  Gospel. 

Finally,  we  must  all  meet  at  the  august  tribunal  of  the  Supreme  Judge,  to  hear  the 
decisive  sentence  according  to  our  characters.  May  this,  my  dear  pupils,  be  to  you 
an  introduction  into  everlasting  joy. 

1774. 

1 .     The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Timothy  Jones. 

'2.     Theatrical  Exhibitions  corrupt  the  Morals  of  Mankind,  and  are  prejudicial  to  the 

State  ;  a  Disputation.  D wight  Foster,  Respondent. 

Elias  Penniman,  Opponent. 

3.  An  Oration  on  the  Necessity  and  Advantages  of  Cultivating  our  own  Language. 

John  Dor  ranee. 

4.  An  Dictamina  Conseientiae  sunt  semper  obtemperanda  ?  a  Syllogistic  Dispute. 

John  Dorrance,  Respondent. 

Barnabas  Binney,    D  wight  Foster,    Timothy  Jones, 

Elias  Penniman,  Opponents. 

5.  Patriotism  ;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree.     Samuel  Ward,  (class  of  1771.) 

6.  Plea  for  Religious  Liberty ;  an  Oration  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Barnabas  Binney. 

1775. 

There  was  no  Commencement  this  year,  although  the  grad 
uating  class  consisted  of  ten,  being  the  largest  class  that  had 
thus  far  been  connected  with  the  Institution.  The  recent  battles 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  353 

of  Lexington  and  of  Bunker  Hill  had  electrified  the  public,  and 
turned  their  attention  from  literary  performances  to  the  stern 
realities  of  civil  war.  For  an  interesting  correspondence  between 
the  Senior  Class  and  the  President,  in  reference  to  Commence 
ment,  and  the  great  and  perilous  issues  of  the  day,  see  MANNING 
AND  BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  pp.  24-41. 

1776. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  John  P.  Mann. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Literature.  -      Jabez  Thayer. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Toryism  and  Negro  Slavery.  Abraham  Cummings. 

4.  An  Leges  Divinae  aliquid  ultra  Vires  humanas  ab  Hominibus  exigunt ;    a  Syllo 

gistic  Dispute.        -  Jabez  Thayer,    Abraham  Oummings. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Education  of  Youth  of  both  Sexes.    -  -    Curtis  Coe, 

6.  An  Oration  in  Hebrew. Abraham  Curnmino-s. 

O 

7.  An  Oration  on  Liberty;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  Ebenezer  Dutch. 

1777—1782. 

During  these  years  there  was  no  Commencement.  From 
December  7,  1776,  until  May  27,  1782,  the  course  of  studies  was 
suspended,  and  the  College  edifice  was  occupied  for  barracks,  and 
afterwards  for  a  hospital,  by  the  American  and  French  forces. 

1783. 

No  record  has  been  preserved  of  the  order  of  exercises  of 
this  Commencement.  The  PROVIDENCE  GAZETTE  says  :  "  As  soon 
as  the  Corporation  had  taken  their  seats,  the  audience  were 
entertained  with  an  anthem ;  after  which,  the  President  made  a 
prayer  well  adapted  to  the  occasion.  The  candidates  then 
proceeded  to  perform  their  respective  parts,  which  consisted  of 
several  orations  on  different  subjects,  and  a  forensic  disputation. 
An  oration  was  likewise  delivered  by  Dr.  James  Mann,  of  Har 
vard  College." 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  was  conferred  on  Jacob  Camp 
bell.  George  Tillinghast,  John  Tillinghast,  Othniel  Tyler,  and 
William  Wilkinson. 

4o 


354  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

In  the  evening,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman  preached  an  animating 
sermon  from  Luke  15  :  32  : — "It  was  meet  that  we  should  make 
merry  and  be  glad ;  for  this  thy  brother  was  dead  and  is  alive 
again,  and  was  lost  and  is  found." 

1784  —  1785. 

The  old  stock  of  undergraduates,  so  to  speak,  having  become 
exhausted,  there  was  no  further  Commencement  until  the  Fresh 
men  Class  that  entered  in  1782,  were  prepared  to  take  their 
Bachelor's  degree. 

1786. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  -       James  Manning. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Study  of  History.       -  -     Oliver  Bowen. 

3.  A  Dialogue  upon  the  Four  Elements.  Benjamin  B.  Carter,  Joseph   Mason, 

Jairus  Hall,    Robert  L.  Annan. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Commerce.  -        Nicholas  Brown,  Jr 

5.  The  Rise  and  Progress  of  Science;   an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Othniel  Tyler,    (class  of  1783  ) 

6.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question:  —  Whether  it  would  not  have  been  better 

for  America  to  have  remained  dependent  on  Great  Britain  ? 

Benjamin  Woods,  Edmund  Freeman,  Jonathan  Gould,  Timothy  Greene. 

7.  Reflections  upon  Governments,  and  a  Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  our  late  departed 

friend,  General  Greene;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

George  Tillinghast,  (class  of  1783.) 

8.  The  Valedictory  Oration,  Lemuel  Kollock. 
N.  B.     A  Syllogistic  Dispute  between  Messrs.  Amos  Wood,  Preserved  Smith  and 

William  Annan,  was  omitted  for  want  of  time. 

1787. 

1.  An  Oration  in  Greek  on  Rhetoric.  Abraham  Crouch. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  present  Appearance  of  public  Affairs  in  the  United  States  of 

America;  —  portraying  the  superior  advantages  to  be  enjoyed  by  this  country, 
and  the  public  happiness  rationally  to  be  expected,  in  case  the  States  shall 
harmoniously  agree  on  the  great  Federal  measures  necessary  for  the  good  of 
the  whole,  whereon  the  Convention  have  been  some  time  deliberating  at  Phila 
delphia,  and  recommending  industry,  the  manufactures  of  our  country  and 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  355 

the  disuse  of  foreign  goods ;  and  soliciting  the  fair  daughters  of  America  to 
set  the  patriotic  example  by  banishing  from  their  dress  the  costly  gewgaws  and 
articles  of  foreign  production.  Nathaniel  Lambert. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Agriculture ;  its  Antiquity,  Importance,   Advantages,  and  modes 

of  Culture.  Oliver  Leonard. 

4.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question :     "Whether  it  be  good  Policy  in  the  States 

on  the  Atlantic  Shore,  to  promote  an  immediate  Settlement  on  the  Western 
Territory  ?  -  Eli  King,  Negative,  Jonathan  Maxcy,  Affirmative, 

Abraham  Crouch,  Negative,    Oliver  Leonard,   Affirmative. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Equality  of  Mankind  as  to  Natural  Talents,  considered  without 

Reference  to  Education.  Oliver  Hawes. 

G.     An   Oration  on  the  Necessity  in   Republics  of  diffusing  knowledge  among  the 

People.  Abner  Alden. 

7.  A  Panegyric  on  the  Policy  and  Conduct  of  the  Athenians  in  encouraging  Litera 

ture  and  the  useful  Arts.        -  Eli  King. 

8.  The  Prospects  of  America,  a  Poem;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Jonathan  Maxcy. 

Among  the  College  documents,  are  "  Proposals  for  printing 
by  subscription"  President  Maxcy's  Poem,  which  "gained,"  the 
paper  states,  "the  universal  applause  of  a  large,  crowded  and 
polite  assembly."  It  was  published  in  a  duodecimo  form,  with 
an  appendix  containing  an  historical  account  of  the  College  and 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island.  Signatures  C  and  E  of  the  work  are 
on  file  in  the  Library  of  the  University. 

1788. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin  ;  a  Retrospect  on  the  Ages  of  Learning. 

Simeon  Doggett. 

2.  An  Oration  in  Hebrew,  on  the  Eloquence  of  the  Scriptures.  Samuel  Mead. 

3.  A   Forensic    Dispute   on  the   Question:  —  Whether  those    Nations   which   have 

been  most  eminent  for  Knowledge,  have  also  been  most  eminent  for  Virtue  ? 

Joshua  Leonard,  James  Burrill. 

4.  An  Oration  in  Gieek,  on  the  Importance  of  Encouraging  Genius. 

Josias  Holbrook. 

5.  A  Dialogue  in  Blank  Verse,  on  the  Situation  and  Prospects  of  America.      (Writ 

ten  by  John  Turner.)     -  Benjamin  Adams,   Jesse  Blackinton, 

Jabez  P.  Fisher,  John  Turner. 


356  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

6.  A  Sketch  on  Creation.       -  Jabez  Bowen. 

7.  An  Oration  in  French,  on  Letters  in  General.  -  -      George  Jackson. 

8.  A  Burlesque  Poem  on  Political  Projectors.     -  -     Stephen  Tillinghast. 

9.  An  Essay  on  Original  Genius.  -     Hermann  Daggett. 

10.  A  Comic  Dialogue  to  ridicule  False  Learning.      (Written  by  Harding  Harris.) 

John  Briggs,  Harding  Harris,  George  Jackson, 
Ebenezer  Lazell,  Benjamin  Whitman. 

11.  A  Tribute  to  the  Memory  of  our  Departed  Heroes.      -         -      William  Barton. 

12.  A  Poem  on  Liberty;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.         Amos  Maine  Atwell. 

1789. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration  on  the  Progress  and 

Improvement  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences  in  America.          John  C.  Nightingale. 

2.  A   Forensic    Dispute   on   this    Question: — Whether    Columbus    by   discovering 

America  benefited  mankind  ?        -  Edward  Richmond,    Paul  Draper. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Patriotism.  Jeremiah  B.  Howell. 

4.  A  Funeral  Oration  on  the  Death  of  Levi  Hayes,  once  a  member  of  the  graduating 

class.  Nicholas  Power. 

5      An  Oration  on  Liberty.       -  Thomas  Park. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination.    -  Edward  Richmond. 

7.  The  Propriety  and  Importance  of  the  Establishment  of  a  Gymnasium  for  the 

Education  of  American  Youth;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Lemuel  Kollock,  (class  of  1786.) 

8.  A  Poem ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  James  Fenner. 

President  Manning's  BACCALAUREATE  ADDRESS  for  this  year  is 
published  in  our  former  work,  pp.  425-7. 

1790. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration,  congratulating  the 

State  of  Rhode  Island  upon  her  Accession  to  the  Federal  Government,  and  the 
Completion  of  the  Union  of  the  States.      -  Peter  Hawes. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  bad  Effects  of  Party  in  a  State.     -  William  Allen. 

3.  An  Oration  in  Greek,  on  the  Slave  Tiade.     -  -      Jacob  Convers. 

4.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question  :  —  Would  Mankind  have  been  more  happy 

than  they  now  are,  had  the  Earth  spontaneously  yielded  her  Fruits  necessary 
for  the  Support  of  Man?  Job  Nelson,    Asa  Messer. 

5.  An  Oration  in  French,  in  Praise  of  Eloquence.  Benjamin  H.  Hall. 

6.  The  Second  Intermediate  Oration — Reflections  on  Happiness.         -     John  Fitch. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  357 

7.  The  First  Intermediate  Oration  —  On  the  History  of  Commerce  and  Navigation. 

Moses  Brown. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Progress  of  Man  from  an  uncivilized  to  a  civilized  State,  com 

paring  his  Happiness  in  those  different  States.  Nathaniel  Drinkwater. 

9.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question  : — Is  that  generally  received  Maxim,  '•  Hon 

esty  is  the  best  Policy,"  founded  in  Truth?     -  Nehemiah  Shumway, 

Thomas  Cobb. 

10.  An  Oration  on  the  Benefit  of  Men  of  Genius  to  the  World,  exemplified  particu 

larly  in  the  Life  of  Dr.  Franklin,  with  a  Panegyric  upon  that  truly  great  man. 

John  Waldo. 

11.  The  Expediency  of  establishing  a  Federal  University  in  America;  an  Oration 

for  the  Master's  Degree.      -  Oliver  Leonard,  (class  of  1787.) 

12.  The  Importance  of  subjecting  the  Passions  to  the  Control  of  Reason,  with  the 

Influence  of  Education  in  producing  this  effect;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's 
Degree.  Abraham  Crouch,  (class  of  1787.) 

13.  An  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  the  Fine  Arts,  and  the  Importance  of  making 

them  a  Branch  of  Sfudy ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.     Abijah  Whiting. 

President  Messer,  it  will  be  observed,  graduated  with  this 
class. 

1791. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin,  on  the  History  of  Eloquence.  William  Hunter. 

2.  A  Dissertation  :  —  Comparison  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Literature. 

Samuel  W.  Baylies. 

3.  An  Oration  on  the  Causes  of  the  Difference  of  the  Moral  Faculty. 

George  R.  Burrill. 

4.  A  Dissertation  on  Civil  Liberty.       -  -     James  Ellis 

5.  A  Dissertation  on  the  following  Question: — Is  Fashion,  everything  considered, 

Beneficial  to  Mankind  ?      -  -      Elisha  Fairbanks,  John  Morse. 

6.  An  Oration  on  Villainy  considered  as  the  Source  of  Empire.     James  B.  Mason. 

7.  An  Oration  in  Greek  :  —  Comparison  of  Demosthenes  and  Cicero. 

Chiron  Penniman. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  the  Fine  Arts  on  Society.  Samuel  King. 

9.  The  Difference  between  Law  and   Constitution;  —  an  Oration  for  the  Master's 

Degree.  -        James  Burrill,  (class  of  1788.) 

10.  An  Oration  on  the  Death  of  the  Rev.  President  Manning. 

Simeon  Doggett,  (class  of  1788.) 

11.  The  Past,  Present  and  Future  Prospects  of  America;  —  an  Oration  for  the  Mas 

ter's  Degree.  Jabez  Bowen,  (class  of  1788.) 


358  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

12.  The  Rights  of  Brutes;  —  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Hermann  Daggett,  (class  of  1788.) 

13.  The  Difference  in  the  Spirit  of  Heroism  in  the  Different  Periods  of  Society;  — 

an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Josias  L.  Arnold,  (a  graduate  of  Dartmouth.) 

14.  The  Valedictory  Oration.  Jonathan  Russell. 

At  this  Commencement  the  Hon.  Judge  Howell,  who  had 
long  been  connected  with  the  College  as  Tutor  and  Professor,  and 
afterwards  as  a  Fellow  of  the  Corporation,  presided.  His  ADDRESS 
to  the  graduates,  which  we  copy  from  Rippon's  BAPTIST  ANNUAL 
REGISTER,  has  been  deservedly  admired  for  its  excellent  counsel, 
and  as  a  specimen  of  English  undefiled.  The  Oration  by  Simeon 
Doggett,  on  the  death  of  President  Manning,  is  among  the  docu 
ments  on  file  in  the  Library  of  the  University.  Extracts  from 
this  Oration,  it  may  be  added,  are  published  in  our  former  work, 
pp.  455-7. 

JUDGE  HOWELL'S  ADDRESS. 

YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  :  —  The  occasion  which  has  devolved  on  me  the  duty  of  addressing 
you,  cannot  fail  to  impress  your  minds  with  an  uncommon  degtee  of  seriousness. 

Your  beloved  President,  from  whose  lips  you  have  been  accustomed  to  receive 
lessons  of  wisdom,  is  not  here  to  give  you  his  last  benediction  ;  he  is  gone  to  the  world 
of  spirits ;  and,  as  we  hope  and  trust,  to  receive  the  rewards  of  his  labors  of  love  and 
of  virtue. 

The  patrons  of  the  College  could  not,  however,  permit  yon  to  bid  adieu  to  this 
Institution  without  authorizing  one  of  their  number  to  address  you. 

Although  I  have  not  a  personal  acquaintance  with  all  of  you,  and  cannot,  therefore, 
be  supposed  to  entertnin  such  an  affectionate  solicitude  for  your  welfare  as  your  imme 
diate  Instructors;  yet  the  part  I  have  taken,  as  an  overseer  of  your  progress  in  learn 
ing,  and  the  former  relation  I  sustained  to  this  College  for  many  years,  as  a  teacher, 
awaken  in  me,  on  this  solemn  occasion,  the  most  tender  and  sincere  concern  for  your 
future  welfare  in  life. 

The  pittance  of  time  alloted  to  a  collegiate  education,  can  suffice  only  to  lay  the 
foundation  of  learning  :  the  superstructure  must  be  reared  by  the  assiduous  attention 
of  after  years. 

This  day  enlarges  you  into  the  world.  Extensive  fields  open  to  your  view.  You 
have  to  explore  the  scenes,  and  to  make  an  election  of  the  character  that  best  pleases 
you  on  the  great  theatre  of  life. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  359 

"  Seekest  thou  great  things  for  thyself?  Seek  them  not,"  said  the  ancient  prophet 
to  Baruck,  his  scholar  and  scribe.  An  overweening  fondness  for  our  own  abilities, 
leads  us,  in  the  ardor  of  youth,  to  portray  in  our  imagination  future  greatness.  Time 
and  experience  only  can  correct  the  error,  and  reduce  us  to  think  of  ourselves  soberly, 
and  as  we  ought.  Human  lire  is  full  of  disappointments. 

A  readiness  to  listen  to  counsel  is  the  surest  mark  of  wisdom  in  youth.  "  In  the 
multitude  of  counsellors  there  is  safety."  When,  therefore,  you  are  about  to  take  any 
important  step  in  life,  omit  not  to  consult  your  friends ;  and  let  your  decision  be  the 
result  of  deep  reflection,  and  the  most  careful  circumspection. 

If  you  wish  for  prosperity  in  your  worldly  affairs,  rise  early  in  the  morning,  and 
attend  to  your  own  business  with  diligence,  punctuality,  and  order;  pay  a  sacred  regard 
to  truth  and  justice ;  live  temperately,  and  moderate  your  passions  by  listening  to  the 
voice  of  reason.  Take  not  the  lead  in  fashions,  nor  suffer  yourselves  to  be  noted  for 
singularity.  Discover  your  knowledge  on  proper  occasions,  but  avoid  an  affected  and 
pedantic  display  of  it. 

Let  the  rights  of  man  ever  be  held  sacred.  A  moment's  reflection  will  convince 
you,  that  others'  rights  are  as  inviolable  as  your  own ;  and  a  small  degree  of  virtue 
will  lead  you  to  respect  them.  He  that  serves  mankind  most  successfully,  and  with 
the  best  principles,  serves  his  Creator  most  acceptably.  Be  cautious  of  bandying  into 
parties  ;  they  regaid  neither  the  abilities  nor  virtues  of  men,  but  only  their  subserviency 
to  present  purposes ;  they  are  a  snare  to  virtue  and  a  mischief  to  society.  With  this 
caution  on  your  mitid,  you  will  never  revile  or  speak  evil  of  whole  sects,  classes,  or 
societies  of  men. 

Tn  the  choice  of  friends  and  companions,  rather  aspire  to  those  above  you  in  life, 
than  sink  to  those  below ;  the  former  line  of  conduct  will  mark  a  generous  ambition, 
the  latter  indicates  baseness  and  exility  of  thought :  from  the  former  you  are  to  expect 
advantages,  and  from  the  latter  un  incurnbrance.  To  obtain  this  object,  will  require 
the  extension  of  your  abilities  and  the  growth  of  your  virtues. 

Never  aim  to  rise  in  life  by  depressing  others ;  it  is  more  manly  to  rely  on  the 
strength  of  one's  own  abilities  and  merit.  Avoid  publishing,  or  even  listening  to 
scandal.  To  mention,  with  pleasure,  the  virtues  even  of  a  rival,  denotes  a  great  mind. 

Trifle  not  with  yourselves,  nor  suffer  yourselves  to  be  trifled  with  by  others.  If 
you  rightly  estimate  your  own  merit,  the  world  will  not  long  differ  from  you.  Avoid 
contradictions,  or  soften  them.  Aim  to  instruct  and  entertain  your  company,  rather 
than  to  divert  them  with  the  affectation  of  wit,  and  scurrility  of  a  droll. 

Render  to  your  superiors  due  respect.  Order  is  Heaven's  first  law.  Nature 
teaches  subordination ;  society  demands  it.  The  best  soldiers  make  the  best  officers ; 
and  the  best  citizens  the  best  rulers.  Yet  carefully  distinguish  the  honors  paid  to  rank 
and  office,  from  those  paid  to  personal  merit ;  and  let  the  latter  be  the  principal  object 
of  your  ambition. 


360  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

Forget  not  this  precious  motto :  "  Nihil  hirnianum  a  me  puto  alienum."  Consider 
every  one  in  human  shape  as  your  brother  ;  and  "  let  charity  in  golden  links  of  love 
connect  you  with  the  brotherhood  of  man."  Let  your  benevolence  be  broad  as  the 
ocean  ;  your  candor  brilliant  as  the  sun,  and  your  compassion  and  humanity  extensive 
as  the  human  race. 

The  brevity  and  uncertainty  of  life,  should  admonish  us  never  to  procrastinate  the 
duties  of  the  present  time.  Of  all  things,  our  salvation  is  of  the  greatest  moment. 
Man  is  fallen  into  a  wretched  state  of  sin  and  depravity,  and  needs  a  renovation  of 
nature  —  the  implantation  and  cultivation  of  the  sublime  virtues  of  Christianity  to 
restore  him  to  his  true  dignity  —  to  qualify  him  for  happiness.  The  very  natures  of 
God  and  his  creatures  give  birth  to  fixed  and  immutable  relations  between  them. 
These  are  the  foundations  of  virtue,  and  as  solid  as  those  of  the  everlasting  mountains. 
It  is  not  possible  for  man  to  become  happy  otherwise  than  by  conforming  to  the  laws  of 
his  nature ;  by  becoming  really  and  truly  such  as  man  ought  to  be,  in  thought,  word, 
and  deed. 

The  sacred  Scriptures  are  to  be  the  study  of  your  lives ;  nor  let  it  be  thought  an 
employment  beneath  a  gentleman;  Newton,  Locke,  and  the  most  eminent  philosophers 
studied  and  wrote  commentaries  on  them.  It  is  a  mark  of  vanity  to  speak  lightly  of 
revelation.  Not  to  admire  those  ancient  and  sublime  books  shows  a  want  of  taste  in 
fine  writing,  as  well  of  real  judgment  in  discerning  the  truth.  And  here  let  me  caution 
you  never  to  ridicule  whatever  may  be  held  sacred  by  any  devout  and  judicious  man. 
If  you  cannot  join  with  him,  at  least  do  not  disturb  him  by  your  irreverence. 

Young  gentlemen,  it  is  your  good  fortune  to  enter  on  life  in  a  country  peculiarly 
favored  by  the  bounteous  hand  of  Nature,  and  blessed  with  the  best  government  in 
the  world.  Your  education  distinguishes  you  among  your  fellows ;  the  eyes  of  many 
are  fixed  on  you.  Your  parents  and  friends  have,  no  doubt,  the  most  flattering  hopes 
of  your  future  eminence  :  Do  not  disappoint  them.  The  patrons  of  this  College  also 
feel  a  peculiar  interest  in  your  prosperity  ;  let  me  entreat  you,  therefore,  as  you  esteem 
your  friends,  as  you  respect  the  place  of  your  education,  resolve  to  act  your  parts  in 
life  well,  and  may  Heaven  strengthen  you  with  grace  so  to  do. 

The  day  is  at  hand  when  all  of  us,  whether  young  or  old  now,  must  appear,  and 
give  an  account  of  our  conduct,  before  the  Creator  and  Governor  of  the  World. 
"  That  is  the  day  of  days ;  the  important  day,"  as  the  Poet  says,  "  for  which  all  other 
days  were  made."  Time,  with  all  its  concerns  and  enjoyments,  will  then  vanish  from 
our  eager  grasp  —  Eternity  will  then  commence,  and  a  solemn  COMMENCEMENT  will 
THAT  be.  Your  worthy  President  has  gone  before  you.  If  you  loved  him,  or  if  you 
even  love  yourselves,  let  me,  in  the  most  earnest  and  solemn  manner,  call  on  you  to 
recollect,  and  imprint  on  your  memory,  his  pious  care  over  you,  his  faithful  admonitions, 
and  his  amiable  example;  and  to  prepare  to  follow  him. 

In  behalf  the  Corporation,  Young  Gentlemen,  I  bid  you  TAREWELL. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  361 

1792. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  and  an  English  Oration  on  the  French  Revolu 

tion.   -  Bildad  Barney. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Good  Government.     -         -      Paraclete  Tew. 

3.  A  Dissertation  in  Greek  on  the  Effects  of  Luxury.     -         -    Richard  M.  Stites. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Astronomy.      -     William  W.  Folwell. 

5.  A  Dispute  on  the  Justice  and  Policy  of  emancipating  the  Slaves  in  America. 

William  V.  King,    Eli  Smith,    Peter  0.  Alden. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Improvement  of  the  Mind.     -         -       Ebenezer  Withington. 

7.  An  Oration  on  French  Air  Balloons.    -  -     David  Leonard. 

8.  A  Dissertation  on  prosecuting  the  War  with  the  Indians.      -      Elijah  D.  Green. 

9.  An  Oration  on  the  Theatre.  -      Thomas  C.  Hazard. 

10.  An  Oration  recommending  Rhode  Island  College  to  the  Patronage  of  the  State. 

Jahaziah  Shaw. 

11.  An  Oration  on  the  Wealth  of  Nations.  Nathanael  Hazard. 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  Establishment  of  Societies  in  America.  Georo-e  Larned. 

o 

13.  An  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Thomas  M.  Clark. 

At  this  Commencement  Judge  Howell  also  presided,  by  special 
request  of  the  Corporation. 

1793. 

1 .  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin  on  the  Importance  of  Education  to  a  Republi 

can  Government.  Wilkes  Wood. 

2.  First  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  French  Revolution.  Gilbert  Dench. 

3.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question:  —  Is  it  for  the  Interest  of  the  United 

States  to  assist  the  French  Resolution  against  its  Enemies  in  the  present  War? 

William  A.  Leonard,  Paul  Allen,  Jr. 

4.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Importance  of  uniting  Political   Virtue  with  Political 

Power.  Zephaniah  Leonard. 

5.  An  Oration  in  Latin,  showing  that  Anticipation  is  preferable  to  Enjoyment. 

George  C.  Bowen. 

6.  A  Dissertation  on  Moral  Agency.        -  Lemuel  Wadsworth. 

7.  Fourth  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  present  State  and  Prospects  of  America. 

Isaiah  Weston. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  comparative  Advantages  of  Savage  and  Civilized  Life. 

Thomas  L.  Halsey,  Jr. 
46 


362  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

9.     Third  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  Superiority  of  Agriculture  to  other  Arts. 

John  Hathaway. 

10.  Second  Intermediate  Oration  on  Ecclesiastical  Tyranny.     William  A.  Leonard. 

11.  A  Dispute  on  the  Question  :  —  Ought  the  Ministers  of  the  Gospel  to  be  supported 

by  Civil  Government?       -  Isaiah  Weston,    George  C.  Bowen. 

12.  An  Humorous  Dialogue.  Zephaniah  Leonard,    John  Hathaway, 

Lemuel  Wads  worth,   John  Merrill. 

13.  A  Poem  on  the  Happiness  of  America.     -  Paul  Allen,  Jr. 

14.  An  Oration  on  the  Philosophy  of  the  Mind ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

John  Merrill. 

1794. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration  on  the  Progress  of 

Reason.     -  Jeremiah  Bailey. 

2.  The  Fifth  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  Philosophy,  with  its  Advan 

tages  to  Government.     -  Enoch  Hazard. 

3.  An  Oration  in  Greek,  on  the  Wealth  of  Nations.     -  William  Briggs. 

4.  The  Fourth  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Effects  of  Luxury  in  Empires. 

Daniel  Warren. 

5.  A  Dispute  on  this  Question  :  —  Whether  the  Use  of  Spirituous  Liquors  is  advan 

tageous  to  Mankind?    -  John  Miles,    John  P.  Little,    Mason  Shaw. 

6.  The  Second  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Science  as  the  Source  of  Empire. 

Nathanael  Searle. 

7.  The  Eleventh  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Simplicity.      -  William  Grant. 

8.  The  Seventh  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Education.  Stephen  S.  Nelson. 

9.  The  Tenth  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Progress  of  Revolutions  in  Nations. 

Samuel  Watson. 

10.  The  Sixth  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Absurdity  of  paying  Deference  to  Custom 

and  Precedent.  Zenas  L.  Leonard. 

11.  The  First  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Political  Influence  of  the  Clergy. 

Timothy  Briggs. 

12.  An  Oration  in  Latin,  on  Superstition.  William  T.  Hazard. 

13.  The  Ninth  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Pleasures  and  Advantages  of  History. 

John  W.  Richmond, 

14.  A  Dialogue  designed  to  ridicule  Quackery  in  Professions. 

Samuel  W.  Brig-ham,    Jeremiah  Bailey,    Mason  Shaw,    Enoch  Hazard. 

15.  The  Eighth  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Difficulty  of  obtaining  and  the  Necessity 

of  maintaining  our  Liberty.  Joseph  Rawson. 

1C.     The  Third  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Theatre.  -     Solomon  Sibley. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  363 

17.  The  Inexpediency  of  the  Americans  engaging  in  the  European  War ;  an  Oration 

for  the  Master's  Degree.  James  Ellis,  (class  of  1791.) 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Power  and  Improvement  of  Reason;  with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.  Samuel  W.  Brigham. 

1795. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration  on  the  Impolicy  of 

opposing  Opinion  by  Force.        -  John  Smith. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  National  Greatness.  Joseph  Eaton. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration,   showing  that  Literature  is  the  most  permanent  Basis 

of  Felicity.  -  Charles  0.  Screven. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  general  effects  of  Luxury  on  Science.       -         Isaac  Averell. 

5.  A  Dispute  on  this  Question:  —  Whether  the  Love  of  Fame  is  advantageous  to 

Mankind?        -  John  Luscomb,    Peleg  Chandler,    John  A.  Hazard. 

6.  An  Oration  on  Deism,  considered  as  a  Prelude  to  the  Universal  Establishment 

of  Christianity.    -  Amos  Hopkins. 

7.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Commerce.       -  Thomas  Screven. 

8.  An  Oration,  on  the  Death  of  Stephen  Torrey.  Stephen  Cutler. 

9.  An  Oration,  on  the  State  of  Literature  in  the  United  States.  -       Gaius  Deane. 

10.  An  Oration,  on  the  Immortality  of  Brutes.        -  Simeon  Marcy. 

11.  An  Oration,  on  the  Progress  of  Science.        -  -     James  Gurney. 

12.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Origin  and  Evils  of  Political  Oppression. 

Joseph  W.  Grossman. 

13.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Faction.  James  Gordon. 

14.  A  Dissertation,  on  the  Theatre.  Abiel  Williams. 

15.  A  Dissertation  in  Latin,  on  War.       -  Isaac  Briggs. 

16.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  resulting  from  the  Art  of  Printing. 

Oliver  Wiswell. 

17.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Necessity  of  submitting  the  Passions  to  Reason. 

Erastus  Larned. 

18.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Advantages  of  Commerce.     Samuel  G.  Arnold. 

19.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Advantages  of  Men  of  Genius  to  Mankind. 

Elisha  Fisk. 

20.  An  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of  Government  on  the  Spirit  of  Nations. 

Andrew  Morton. 

21.  An  Oration,  on  Mental  Improvement;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

William  Baylies. 


364  BEOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

1796. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration  on  the  Drama. 

Benjamin  B.  Simmons. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Importation  of  Foreign  Luxuries. 

Abraham  Blanding. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Importance  of  the  Knowledge  of  Civil  Rights. 

Nathan  Whiting. 

4.  The  Second  Dispute,  on  the  Policy  of  establishing  a  uniform  System  of  Educa 

tion  throughout  the  United  States.  Horace  Senter,    Joseph  Holmes, 

Asa  Kimball. 

5.  An  Oration  against  Religious  Establishments.      -  John  Holmes. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Manifestation  of  Deity  in  his  Works.  John  M.  Roberts. 

7.  Astronomy  burlesqued  ;  a  Conference.       Abraham  Blanding,    Nathan  Whiting. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Necessity  of  subjecting  the  Passions  to  Reason.     Daniel  Crane. 

9.  An  Intermediate   Oration,  on   Attachment  to  particular  Systems  of  Religious 

Opinions.  Asa  Aldis. 

10.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Individual  and  National  Greatness. 

Philip  Hay  ward. 

11.  The  First  Dispute,  on  this  Question  : — Whether  Christianity  has  augmented  the 

temporal  Happiness  of  Man?     Benjamin  Shurtleff,  Oliver  Cobb,  Bezer  Bryant. 

12.  A  Dialogue,      -  David  King,    John  M.  Roberts,    John  Holmes. 

13.  A  Dissertation  in  Favor  of  Female  Education.       -  David  King. 

14.  An  Oration,  pleading  the  Cause  of  Man,  together  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Tristam  Burges. 

Mr.  Burges's  Valedictory  Oration  was  justly  regarded,  at  the 
time  of  its  delivery,  as  a  remarkable  production.  The  paragraph 
beginning,  "  Guided  by  reason,  man  has  travelled  through  the 
abstruse  regions  of  the  philosophic  world  " ;  and  that  succeeding 
it,  "  By  imagination,  man  seems  to  verge  towards  creative  power," 
have  been  selected  as  exercises  for  declamation,  in  various  schools 
and  colleges  throughout  the  land.  The  greater  part  of  the  Ora 
tion  is  published  in  Bowen's  "Memoir  of  Tristam  Burges." 

1797. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  and  an  English  Oration  on  Independence. 

James  Ervin. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Liberty  of  the  Press.    -         -   John  Simmons. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXEECISES.  365 

3 .  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Advantages  resulting  from  the  Study  of  History. 

Nathan  Holman. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Importance  of  Education  to  the  Union  of  Republican  Gov 

ernments.  Richard  George. 

5.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  present  prosperity  of  the  United  States. 

John  Baldwin. 

6.  A  Dissertation  on  War.      -  Horatio  G.  Bowen. 

7.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question  :  —  Whether  it  would  be  more  advantageous 

for  Mankind  if  the  Earth  should  produce  her  Fruits  spontaneously  ? 

Liberty  Bates,  Nathan  Carey. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Love  of  Glory.        -  -     Abijah  Draper. 

9.  A  Poem.        -  Paul  Dodge. 

10.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Prospects  of  America.  -     Horace  Everett. 

11.  An  Oration  on  the  Infallibility  of  the  Understanding.  -      John  Sabin. 

12.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Pleasures  of  the  Imagination.       -  Francis  Howard. 

13.  A  Dialogue;    " The  World's  infectious."     -         -    Liberty  Bates,  Paul  Dodge, 

Francis  Howard,  Samuel  Ervin,  John  D.  Witherspoon. 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Love  of  Power,   considered  as  a  Principle  of 

Action.  Calvin  Park. 

15.  An  Oration  on  the  Necessity  of  maintaining  the  Dignity  of  the  United  States. 

Jairus  Ware. 

16.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Mental  Improvement.  Drury  Fairbanks. 

17.  An  Oration  on  the  Indignities  offered  America  by  France.  Samuel  Ervin. 

18.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the  Question  :  —  Does  the  Light  of  Nature  afford  Evidence 

that  God  will  pardon  Sin  ?     Abel  Richmond,  William  Collier,  Joseph  B.  Cook. 

19.  An  Oration  on  Oratory.  John  D.  Witherspoon. 

20.  A  Conference  on  Education.       -  Horatio  G.  Bowen,    Horace  Everett, 

.Drury  Fairbanks,    Jairus  Ware. 

21.  The  Necessity  of  Political  Union  at  the  Present  day;    an  Oration  for  the  Mas 

ter's  Degree.  -      Paul  Allen,  Jr.,  (class  of  1793.) 

22.  The  Propriety  of  introducing  the  Science  of  Jurisprudence  into  a  Course  of 

Classical  Education ;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

Samuel  W.  Bridgham,  (class  of  1794.) 

23.  An  Oration  in  Defence  of  Revelation;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Benjamin  Allen. 

1798. 

1 .     The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration,  on  the  Importance  of 
Science  and  Religion,  particularly  to  the  Youth  of  America. 

Andrew  Dexter,  Jr. 


366  BBOWN     UNIVEKSITY. 

2.  An  Intermediate  ;  —  a  Poem  on  Faction.  -     Lucius  Gary. 

3.  First  Dispute  on  this  Question  :  —  Are  Capital  Punishments  justifiable? 

William  H.  Sabin,    Rodolphus  H.  Williams,    William  P.  Maxwell. 

4.  A  Dissertation  in  Latin,  on  the   Conduct  of  France  since  the  Commencement  of 

the  Revolution.      -  Theodore  D.  Foster. 

5.  A  Dissertation,  on  Attachment  to  particular  Systems  of  Religion.    . 

Sylvanus  Waterman. 

6.  A  Dialogue  :  —  The  Bachelors.     -     -         -     Merrill  Allen,    Nathaniel  Bullock, 

James  Tallmaclge,    Lucius  Gary. 

7.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Evils  of  Luxury.  -     Alvan  Underwood. 

8.  A  Dispute  on  this  Question  :  —  Which  is  the  most  conducive  to  Virtue,  Adversity 

or  Prosperity  ?    -  -         Nathanael  G,  Olney,    Abraham  Gushe, 

William  E.  Green,    John  Fessenden. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Immortality  of  Brutes.         Nathaniel  Bullock. 

10.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Diversity  of  Religious  Opinions.     -         -     Morrill  Allen. 

11.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Infringement  of  the  Rights  of  Men. 

James  Tallmadge. 

12.  A  Dialogue:  —  The  Jacobin  Reformed.       John  Fessenden,    William  E.  Green, 

Otis  Thompson. 

13.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  urging  the  Necessity  of  Religion  as  the  only  perma 

nent  Basis  of  Civil  Government.        -  -     Otis  Thompson. 

14.  An  Oration  on  Union  considered  as  the  only   Safety  of  the   United   States; 

together  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.    -  -     Conrade  Webb. 

1799. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration  on  the  dangerous 

Consequences  of  Foreign  Influence.       -  Zechariah  Eddy, 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Superstition.     -  Lemuel  LeBaron. 

3.  An  Oration  in  Greek,  on  the  Necessity  of  Virtue.        -  Alvan  Tobey. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Manners  and  Principles  of  the  Times. 

.   Paul  L.  A.  Auboyneau. 

5.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Necessity  of  uniting  Habits  of  Industry  with 

Religion.     -  Judah  A.  McClcllan. 

6.  A  Dissertation,  showing  that  Man  is  actuated  more  by  Passion  than  by  Reason. 

John  Pitman. 

7.  An  Oration  on  Enthusiasm  of  Opinion.  Daniel  Turner. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  a  Navy  to  the  United  States.     Allen  Bourne. 

9.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Utility  of  a  general  Diffusion  of  Political  Knowledge. 

Nathan  F.  Dixon. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  367 

10.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Necessity  of  Science  to  Support  the  Govern 

ment  of  the  United  States.  James  Thompson. 

11.  A  Political  Dissertation.  Whipple  Aldrich. 

12.  A  Dissertation  in  Latin,  on  the  Necessity  of  Virtue  to  the  Support  of  Civil 

Government.     -  Franklin  Greene. 

13.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Establishment  of  a  National  University. 

Wood  Furman. 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Importance  of  Philosophical  Improvement. 

Abraham  B.  Story. 

15.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Impossibility  of  Exterminating  Christianity. 

Joshua  Bradley. 

16.  War;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree.       Tristam  Burges,  (class  of  1796.) 

17.  An  Oration  on  the  Proneness  of  Men  to  fall  into  Extremes;    with  the  Valedic 

tory  Addresses.  -        Jeremiah  Chaplin. 

1800. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration,  on  Slavery  of  Opinion,  comprehending  the  usual  Addresses. 

Paris  J.  Tillinghast. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Importance  of  Historical  Information. 

Gaius  Conant. 

3.  A  Dissertation  in  Latin,  on  the  Rise  and  Fall  of  Empires.       -     Daniel  Loring. 

4.  Dispute  on  this  Question  :  —  Would  passive  Commerce  be  more  advantageous  to 

the  United  States  than  their  present  active  Commerce?     Theodore  A.  Foster, 

Thomas  Burgess,    Abiel  Russell. 

5.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of  the  Passions,     John  M.  Bradford. 
G.      An  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  Sensibility.        -  -     Levi  Tower. 

7.  A   Dissertation  in   Greek;  —  Union  necessary  to  the   Support  of  Republican 

Government.  -     Andrew  Rawson. 

8.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Utility  of  Science  in  a  Republican  Government. 

Daniel  Young. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Female  Education.      -  -     Calvin  Tilden. 

10.  An  Oration  on  Party  Spirit.     -  -       Nathaniel  Todd. 

11.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Prejudice.  Moses  Miller. 

12.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Necessity  of  Religion  to  the  Support  of  Government. 

Gravenner  Taft. 

13.  An  Oration  on  Civil  Dissensions,  considered  as  a  Prelude  to  a  Change  in  Gov 

ernment.        -  -     Thomas  Burgess, 

14.  A  Dissertation  on  Atheism. Enos  Cutler. 


368  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

15.     A  Dispute  on  this  Question  :  —  Is  Marriage  conducive  to  Happiness? 

Royal  Farnum,    John  A^.  Bradford,    Calvin  Tilden. 
1C.     An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of  Improved  Taste  on  Society. 

Abiel  Russell. 

17.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,   and  the 

Influence  it  has  on  the  Spirit  of  the  People.  -     Theodore  A.  Foster. 

18.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Literature  as  the  Basis  of  Happiness. 

Royal  Farnum. 

19.  Dialogue;  —  The  Fall  of  Fashion.    •  Benjamin  F.  Bourne,  Moses  Miller, 

Gravenner  Taft,    William  R.  Theus,    Nathaniel  Todd. 

20.  A  Dissertation  on  Instrumental  Music,  showing  its  Effects  on  the  Passions. 

Liberty  Rawson. 

21.  An  Oration,  on  Literature  as  necessary  to  the  Support  of  Independence. 

Benjamin  F.  Bourne. 

22.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Mental  Improvement.  -         -     William  R.  Theus. 

23.  Valedictory  Oration,  on  Political  Economy,  comprehending  the  usual  Addresses. 

John  Mackie. 

1801. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  and  an  English  Oration  on  Noble  Blood. 

Andrew  Pickens. 

2.  An  Oration  on  Religious  Establishments.  Lucius  Bolles. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of  Superstition  on  the  Human  Mind. 

Enoch  Brown. 

4.  An  Oration  in  Latin,  on  the  Propensity  of  Mankind  to  Society.     Ezra  Leonard. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Impartial  Administration  of  Justice.        -      Lemuel  Bishop. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Necessity  of  Union  to  support  the  Peace  and   Happiness  of 

Society.  -        Jonathan  Nye. 

7.  A  Poem.  Philo  H.  Washburn. 

8.  A  Discussion  of  the  comparative  Advantages  of  Theology,  Natural  Philosophy, 

Moral  Philosophy,  and  History.  -     George  Barstow,    Enoch  Brown, 

James  Lesley,    Robert  Sterry. 

9.  An  Oration  on  Democracy.       -  -     Gad  Tower. 

10.  A  Dialogue  on  Profession.  -    Andrew  Pickens,  George  W.  Perkins, 

Samuel  Dexter,    Lemuel  Bishop. 

11.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Religion  considered  as  the  Basis  of  Civil  Govern 

ment.    -  .     George  Barstow. 

12.  A  Intermediate  Oration:  —  The  Equality  of  Rights  consistent  with  the  good 

Order  of  Society.  James  Lesley. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  369 

13.  A   Dispute   on  the   Question:  —  Is  it  reasonable  to  sacrifice    Convenience  to 

Fashion?  William  Blanding,    Joseph  Cheney, 

Samuel  Dexter,    Samuel  V.  Mcdbery. 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  Slander.  "Robert,  Stony. 

15.  The  Influence  of  the  Female  Character  on  Society;  an  Oration  for  the  Master's 

Degree.  Lucius  Gary,  (class  of  1798.) 

16.  A  Poem;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  John  M.  Williams. 

1802. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses,  and  an  Oration  on  the  Spirit  of  Enquiry.      Alfred  Metcalf. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Patriotism.  Samuel  M.  Pond. 

3.  A  Dissertation.  Samuel  Perry,  Jr. 

4.  A  Dissertation.     -  Levi  Hart. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Power.  ...  Gardner  Dao'o'ett. 

Of} 

6.  An  Oration  on   the   Necessity  of  Science   and  Virtue  to  the  Support  of  good 

Government.  -     Melatiah  Everett. 

7.  A   Conference  on  the  comparative   Advantages  of  the  Invention  of  Printing, 

the  Discovery  and  Use  of  the  Compass,  the  Discovery  and  Use  of  Metals,  and 
of  Architecture.        -  -       Paul  Jewett,  Sunnier  Bastow, 

Warren  Rawson,   Benjamin  Gleason. 

8.  A  Poem.  Bichard  Waterman. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration  :  —  Progress  of  the  Mathematical  and  Physical  Sciences 

during  the  Eighteenth  Century.  Henry  Wheaton. 

10.  An  Oration  on  the  Amelioration  of  Man.  -         Samuel  Bugbee. 

11.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Decline  of  Slavery.    -  -    Frederick  W.  Bottom. 

12.  An  Oration  on  National  Virtue.     -  -    John  Godfrey. 

13.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  War.      -  -        Henry  Bowen. 

14.  A  Poem  on  the  Times.  -      Benjamin  Gleason. 

15.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Republican  Policy.  -     Sumner  Bastow. 

16.  An  Oration.  John  Whipple. 

17.  A  Poem  :  —  The  Rewards  of  Ambition.       -  -       Milton  Maxcy. 

18.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Patronage  of  Literature.  John  Holroyd. 

19.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Productions  of  Genius  and  Taste  united. 

Warren  Rawson. 

20.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Evils  of  Democracy.          William  W.  Bowen. 

21.  An  Oration  on  Politics.   John  Pitman,  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

22.  An  Oration  :  —  Happiness  attendant  on  Virtue;  and  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Ferdinand  Ellis. 
47 


370  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

This  is  the  last  Commencement  at  which  Dr.  Maxcy  presided, 
having  been  elected  to  the  Presidency  of  Union  College,  Schenec- 
tacly,  New  York.  His  BACCALAUREATE  ADDRESS  for  this  year,  and 
also  for  the  years  1794,  1798,  and  1801,  may  be  found  in  an 
octavo  volume  of  four  hundred  and  fifty-two  pages,  published  in 
New  York,  in  1844,  entitled,  "The  Literary  Remains  of  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Maxcy,  D.  D.,  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life,  by  Romeo 
Elton,  D.  D." 

1803. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  Self- Abuse. 

Lemuel  Paine. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration:  —  The  Intelligence  of  Deity  evident  from  the  Origin 

of  Motion.  Zabdiel  Sampson. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Prejudice.  Thompson  Miller. 

4.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Ambition.  David  Ilolman,  Jr. 

5.  An  Oration  on  Man.  Philip  Allen. 
G.     An  Oration  on  the  Ruling  Passion.  Benjamin  Cowell. 

7.  An  Oration  on  Dissimulation.  Samuel  H.  Lothrop. 

8.  A  Theological  Essay.  -     Jason  Sprague. 

9.  A  Forensic  Dispute  :  —  Is  a  Public  preferable  to  a  Private  Life. 

Aaron  Blake,  Levi  H.  Perkins. 

10.  An  Oration  on  Fashion.  Philip  M.  Fiske. 

11.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Sensuality.     -  Elnathan  Walker. 

12.  An  Intermediate:  —  A  Poem  on  Art.     -  Daniel  Thomas. 

13.  A  Syllogistic  Dispufe  :  —  Is  the  Newtonian  Astronomy  true? 

Thompson  Miller,   Chandler  Flagg,  Aaron  Blake,   Christopher  Webb. 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration  :  —  Equanimity  the  source  of  Happiness. 

Christopher  Webb. 

15.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  National  Depravity,        -  Chandler  Flagg. 

16.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Abuse  of  Religion.  Jonathan  Thayer. 

17.  An  Oration  on  Civil  War.  George  I.  Olney. 

18.  A  Dialogue  : — The  Pedant.  Daniel  Thomas,   Zabdiel  Sampson, 

Samuel  H.  Lolhrop,    Benjamin  Cowell. 

19.  An  Oration  on  National  Prosperity.      -     Theodore  A.  Foster,   candidate  for  the 

Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXEKCISES.  371 

20.  An  Oration  on  Taxation.        -         -        Benjamin  Bourne,  Jr.,  candidate  for  the 

Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

21.  An  Oration  on  Candor,  and  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  John  Reed,  Jr. 

Dr.  Maxcy,  as  we  have  stated  in  our  "Historical  Sketch,"  was 
succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Messer,  who  presided  over  the  Institu 
tion  from  1802  until  1826,  or  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  His 
first  BACCALAUREATE  ADDRESS,  delivered  at  this  Commencement, 
and  which  was  published  at  the  time  by  request,  will  be  read 
with  interest  by  his  pupils,  especially  as  very  few  of  his  produc 
tions  have  found  their  way  to  the  public. 

PKKSIDKNT  MESSKR'S  ADDRESS. 

At  this  time,  young  Gentlemen,  your  situation  is  peculiarly  critical.  Having  just 
finished  your  collegiate  studies,  you  are  now  icady  to  enlarge  on  the  world,  and  to 
become  personal  actors  in  those  important  scenes,  wheie  thousands,  for  lack  of  skill, 
have  been  mined.  In  discharging  this  latt  official  duty,  I  feel  solicitous  to  guard  you 
against  similar  disasters,  and  to  point  you  to  a  course  which  shall  be  safe  and  happy. 
You  must  all  bo  sensible  that  in  this  favored  land  the  field  of  honor  and  promotion  is 
open  only  to  personal  acquisition.  Unless  a  man  inherits  the  virtues,  he  inherits  not 
the  immunities  of  his  parents.  You  must,  therefore,  stand  on  your  own  feet.  Hence 
it  is  especially  important  that  you  secure  the  approbation  of  the  wise  and  worthy ;  and 
this  you  can  secure  only  by  adorning  your  characters  with  a  virtuous,  persevering 
industiy.  A  life  of  indolence  was  never  designed  for  man.  His  external  situation 
and  internal  constitution  both  require  that  he  should  be  active.  Let  the  circle  in 
which  he  moves  be  high  or  low,  he  must,  if  devoid  of  industrious  habits,  be  devoid  of 
substantial  enjoyment.  You  must  not  think,  therefore,  that  because  you  have  devoted 
yourselves  to  literature,  you  are  free  from  the  necessity  of  labor.  No  man  feels  that 
necessity  more  than  the  scholar.  Whether  you  enter  on  public  or  private  life,  there 
fore,  let  me  advise  you  never  to  imagine  that  you  have  any  time  to  spare  for  useless 
indulgences ;  but  bear  it  ever  in  mind  that  the  most  industrious  man  is,  other  things 
being  equal,  the  most  happy  in  himself,  and  the  most  respected  by  others. 

Like  all  other  habits,  however,  a  habit  of  industry  can  be  produced  only  by  a 
regular,  persevering  attention.  Let  this  be  remitted  but  for  a  short  period,  and  a 
habit  of  opposite  tendency  will  unavoibably  begin  to  grow.  Hence  in  the  very  outset 
you  should  be  careful  to  place  yourselves  in  the  view  of  such  objects  as  are  fitted  to 
excite  constant  exertion.  On  this  recount  it  is  highly  important  that  you  delay  not  to 
draw  the  plan  of  your  pursuit  for  life.  Until  you  do  this,  you  will  be  living  without 


372  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

an  object ;  and,  your  minds  being  in  constant  vibration,  you  will  scarcely  know  what 
to  do  with  yourselves.  You  will  be  more  likely  to  envy  the  condition  of  others,  than 
to  better  your  own  ;  and  more  to  subvert,  than  to  promote  the  end  of  your  existence. 
Though,  therefore,  you  may  find  it  difficult  to  draw  this  plan,  let  me  advise  you  to 
draw  it  soon.  Indeed,  you  will  not  gain  so  much  by  procastination  as  you  imagine. 
Perhaps  you  may  not,  after  ten  years  consideration,  be  more  prepared  than  you  now 
are,  to  bring  your  minds  to  the  proper  point.  At  the  same  time  let  me  advise  you  in 
this  case  to  guard  yourselves  against  rash  precipitation.  A  wrong  step  taken  here 
may  seriously  affect  you  dining  life.  That  profession  which  is  the  best  for  others,  may 
not  be  the  best  for  you.  Nature  has  formed  different  men  for  different  stations;  and 
no  man  will  appear  well  in  a  station  differing  from  the  intentions  of  nature.  As  it  is 
of  the  greatest  importance  that  you  should  ascertain  what  these  intentions  are  in  this 
particular,  you  will  be  careful  to  examine,  not  the  honor  and  emolument  attached  to 
any  station,  but  the  nature  and  extent  of  its  duties;  and  to  compare  them  with  the 
tendencies  of  your  own  minds.  You  may  be  certain  that  nature  never  intended  you 
for  a  station  which  you  are  not  qualified  to  fill ;  and  you  may  be  certain  also,  that  you 
are  not  qualified  to  fill  a  station  which  involves  duties  at  invincible  variance  with  your 
own  minds.  In  this  case,  let  the  success  of  others  be  ever  so  great,  you  must  expect 
none  for  yourselves;  for  no  man,  unless  he  loves  his  duty,  will  discharge  it  with 
advantage.  Hence,  if  you  should  think  of  entering  on  the  profession  of  law,  you 
should  examine,  not  what  others  "have  done  or  gained  in  that  profession,  but  what  you 
yourselves  can  do  or  gain  ;  not  what  a  highway  it  has  opened  for  the  promotion  of 
others,  but  whether  you  yourselves  are  pleased  with  the  study  and  practice  of  law ; 
and  whether  you  can  qualify  yourselves  to  discharge  with  honor  the  arduous  duties  of 
the  profession. 

To  those  who  think  of  entering  on  the  profession  of  theology,  an  examination  of 
this  kind  becomes  very  solemnly  proper  and  impoitant.  No  arrogance  can  be  more 
censurable  or  wicked  than  that,  which  will  allow  men,  for  the  sake  of  lucre,  to  thrust 
themselves  into  the  ministry.  A  law  of  nature  in  man  renders  it  impossible  that  he 
should  be  indifferent  to  theological  truth.  In  his  view  that  truth  must  ever  be 
attractive,  or  repulsive.  No  prospect  of  honor,  or  emolument  can  alter  this  law. 
Hence,  while  a  man's  heart  is  not  attracted  by  the  solemn  truths  of  theology,  must  he 
not,  by  attempting  to  explain  or  enforce  them,  exhibit  himself  in  a  very  awkward  and 
melancholy  posture  V  Can  an  office  for  propagating  humility  be  gratifying  to  a  man  of 
pride  V  Or  will  he  discharge  its  duties  with  faithfulness  and  success?  As  the  doctrines 
of  theology  are  fitted  to  exalt  the  character  of  God,  and  to  abase  the  character  of  man, 
it  seems  impossible  that  any  man  should  inculcate  those  doctrines  \\itli  .satisfaction  to 
himself,  or  edification  to  others,  until  lie  imbibes  the  spirit  of  them,  and  loves  thorn. 
Notwithstanding  my  warm  attachment,  therefore,  to  a  theological  profession,  and  my 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  373 

earnest  wishes  to  see  it  filled  with  respectable  characters,  I  must  still  entreat  you,  both 
on  account  of  your  own  personal  felicity,  and  on  account  of  the  prosperity  of  true 
religion,  never  to  step  your  feet  on  the  sacred  threshold  of  that  profession,  until  you 
are  fully  satisfied  that  the  solemn  duties  of  it  will  themselves  delight  your  hearts,  and 
that  you  are  prepared  to  discharge  them  with  advantage  to  your  fellow-men. 

The  imperfections  of  human  nature  are  such  that  but  few  men  can  render  themselves 
eminent  in  many  things.  They  who  grasp  at  a  knowledge  of  everything,  may  generally 
expect  to  be  skillful  in  nothing.  You  will  find  ample  room  for  the  exertion  of  your 
talents  in  a  single  profession.  Whatever  that  ma}7  be,  you  will  be  careful  to  give  it 
your  principal  attention.  Yet,  as  there  is  a  strong  connection  between  all  the  blanches 
of  knowledge,  you  cannot  render  yourselves  skillful  in  any  one  of  them,  while  wholly 
ignorant  of  the  rest.  No  man,  indeed,  can  acquit  himself  respectably  in  any  literary 
performance,  until  his  mind  is  enlarged  with  a  stock  of  general  truths.  Be  guarded, 
then,  against  these  two  extremes  ;  against  distracting  your  minds  by  roaming  at  random 
among  till  subjects  indifferently ;  and  against  contracting  them  by  attending  only  to  a 
few  subjects  exclusively. 

It  is  the  general  expectation  that  men  will  acquit  themselves  according  to  the 
advantages  they  have  had.  Hence  but  few  apologies  are  made  for  the  ignorance  of 
those  who  have  had  the  opportunity  of  acquiring  knowledge.  It  is,  therefore,  impor 
tant  that  you,  who  have  had  this  opportunity,  should  give  full  proof  that  you  have 
improved  it  well ;  and  hence  that  you  should  still  persevere  in  the  pursuit  of  knowl 
edge.  For  if,  calculating  on  your  present  acquisitions,  you  remit  your  attention  to 
study,  you  must  soon  forget  what  you  have  already  learned,  and  revert  back  to  the 
point  from  which  you  started,  when  you  first  began  your  literary  course. 

In  your  intercourse  with  men,  you  have  need  of  great  circumspection  and  sagacity. 
You  will  find  them  perhaps  different  from  what  you  now  expect;  and,  unless  you  are 
especially  guarded,  you  may  find  yourselves  obliged  to  purchase  a  knowledge  of  them 
at  a  dear  rate.  Notwithstanding  the  maxim  which  is  good  in  law,  that  "  a  man  is 
innocent  until  he  is  proved  guilty,"  you  will  find  it  dangerous  to  confide  in  any,  until 
you  have  proof  that  they  are  worthy  Fatal  experience  has  convinced  many  that 
selfish  principles  have  an  extensive  influence  on  human  actions  You  will  find  most 
men  alive  to  their  own  interest ;  and  in  general  it  will  be  the  most  safe  to  commit 
yourselves  to  them  only  s<>  far  as  that  interest  may  induce  them  to  befriend  you.  Yet 
you  will  find  some  in  whom  you  may  ever  confide ;  men  who  would  not  injure  you 
sooner  than  they  would  themselves ;  and  who  in  adversity  as  well  as  prosperity,  will 
ever  exhibit  themselves  the  patrons  of  truth,  integrity  and  benevolence.  Whenever 
you  find  such  men,  give  them  your  warmest  friendship.  Value  them  more  than  the 
wealth  of  India ;  and  let  their  virtues  be  the  patterns  of  your  own.  Think  not,  how 
ever,  that  men  of  this  character  dwell  only  in  a  certain  place,  or  bear  only  a  certain 


374  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

name.  Names  differ  greatly  from  things;  though  prejudice  would  often  confound  them 
together.  As  you  arc  privileged  with  a  liberal  education,  you  will  banish  prejudice 
from  your  breasts.  It  is  fit  only  for  the  ignorant.  You  will  think  on  a  liberal  scale. 
You  will  view  men  and  things  through  the  medium  of  candor.  According  to  the 
advice  which  the  excellent  Dr.  Watts  has  given  you  in  his  chapter  on  prejudice,  which 
I  beg  you  never  to  forget,  you  will  divost  yourselves  of  those  youthful  prepossessions, 
and  local  attachments,  which  becloud  the  mind,  and  render  it  unfit  for  the  perception 
of  truth;  and  you  will  ever  rejoice  when  the  truth  is  discovered,  even  though  it  should 
condemn  yourselves.  You  will  then  be  able  to  guard  yourselves  against  deception, 
and  to  confide  only  in  the  worthy.  Y.OU  will  also  discover  that  these  must  be  ascer 
tained,  not  by  invidious  distinctions,  but  by  personal  character ;  and  that  true  worth 
often  dwells  with  him  whom  prejudice  has  marked  with  infamy. 

Your  own  personal  characters  should  be  a  prime  object  of  your  attention.  No 
splendor  of  talents,  nor  advances  in  knowledge  can  compensate  fur  the  want  of  moral 
principles.  Even  vicious  men,  if  they  would  tell  the  truth,  would  tell  you  that  they 
cannot  give  their  confidence  to  the  vicious.  The  immutable  distinction  between  right 
and  wrong  is  so  forcibly  impressed  on  the  minds  of  men,  that,  however  wrong  them 
selves,  they  require  what  is  light  in  others.  Be  careful  then  to  cultivate  a  fair,  moral 
character.  Let  no  temptations  seduce  you  from  the  path  of  rectitude.  Hold  the  rights 
of  others  as  sacred  as  you  hold  your  own ;  and  remember  that  you  have  no  more  right 
to  injure  them  than  they  have  to  injure  you.  As  you  abhor  those  who  injure  you,  you 
must  expect  the  abhorrence  of  those  whom  you  may  injure.  Ever  place  before  your 
selves  the  golden  maxim  of  doing  to  others  as  you  wish  they  should  do  to  you;  and 
never  forget  that  the  way  of  the  transgressor  of  this  maxim  is  ever  hard. 

In  this  connection  it  is  important  to  be  remembered  that  there  is  a  strong  intimacy 
between  moral  character  and  the  belief  of  truth.  That  must  be  a  singular  infatuation, 
indeed,  which  can  induce  any  to  expunge  the  doctrine  of  belief  from  their  system  of 
morals.  Let  it  only  be  granted  that  it  is  no  matter  what  a  man  believes,  and  it  must 
be  granted  also  that,  in  a  moral  view,  it  is  no  matter  what  he  docs  If  a  man's  belief 

O 

has  no  influence  on  his  practice,  that  practice  will  be  as  destitute  of  moral  quality,  as 
is  the  running  of  a  horse,  or  the  flouncing  of  a  whale.  If  you  wish,  therefore,  to 
consider  yourselves  as  rational  moral  beings,  you  will  give  no  countenance  to  that  most 
gross,  barbarous  absurdity.  Indeed,  there  appears  to  be  the  same  connection  between 
the  belief  and  practice  of  a  rational  being  as  there  is  between  a  cause  and  an  effect ; 
and  therefore,  while  I  exhort  you  to  give  diligent  attention  to  the  things  which  you 
practice,  let  me  exhort  you  to  give  the  same  attention  to  the  things  which  you  believe. 
Hence,  I  must  commend  to  your  belief  the  important  principles  of  our  holy 
religion  ;  entreating  you  to  receive  them  into  your  hearts  and  to  follow  them  in  your 
lives.  These  principles  received  in  this  way,  will  give  you  a  high  elevation  on  the 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  375 

scale  of  moral  excellence.  They  will  incite  you  ever  to  act  in  character ;  and  they 
will  ensure  you  the  good  will  of  all  the  amiable  beings  in  existence.  They  will  support 
you  in  the  hour  of  adversity;  and,  when  your  part  on  earth  is  acted,  they  will  unfold 
to  you  a  more  exalted  and  happy  scene,  where  there  will  be  no  tears,  nor  sorrow,  nor 
sickness,  nor  death ;  where  friends  will  never  separate,  but  where  an  uninterrupted 
blaze  of  glory  will  forever  irradiate  and  enrapture  their  souls. 

For  these  precious  principles,  my  respected  young  friends,  I  must  persuade  myself 
you  will  cultivate  a  constant  veneration.  Into  this  persuasion  I  am  unavoidably  led 
by  a  reflection  on  the  very  laudable  manner  in  which  you,  as  a  body,  have  acquitted 
yourselves,  while  members  of  this  Institution.  While  I  keep  in  mind  your  regular, 
studious  and  friendly  deportment,  and  your  zealous  attachment  to  law,  order  and 
morals,  I  will  not,  I  cannot  allow  the  fear  that  you  will  ever  disgrace  yourselves  by 
adopting  infidel  principles,  or  licentious  practices.  May  the  rich  benedictions  of 
heaven  attend  you,  while  passing  through  life ;  and  may  the  precious  promises  of  the 
gospel  support  you  in  the  hour  of  death.  With  these  reflections,  and  hoping  that  you 
will  receive  them  as  coming  from  -\  friend,  1  must  now  bid  you  an  AFFECTIONATE 
FAREWELL. 

1804. 

1 .  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  National  Economy. 

Marcus  Morton. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Science  of  Medicine.  Elias  Frost. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Hypocrisy.  Silas  Tobey. 

4.  An   Oration  on  the  Importance  of  a  General  Diffusion  of  Knowledge  through 

the  United  States,  Lemuel  W.  Briggs. 

5.  A  Forensic  Dispute  :  —  Which  is  the  mott  injurious,  Hypocrisy  or  Pride? 

Richard  Briggs,  Samuel  Randall. 

6.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Wisdom  and  Goodness  of  God,  manifested  in  his  Works. 

Warren  Preston. 

7.  An  Oration  on  the  Evils  of  Persecution.  Tisdale  Hodges. 

8.  An  Intermediate  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Merit.  Jason  Chamberlain,  Jr. 

9.  An  Oration  on  the  Sugar  Cane.        -  Thomas  H,  Sill. 

10.  A  Dispute  :  —  Would  not  Married  People  be  as  happy,  if  their  Partners,  instead 

of  being  chosen  by  themselves,  were  appointed  by  Civil  Authority  ? 

William  D.  Williamson,    Oliver  Hayward, 
Lemuel  Williams,  Jr.,    Samuel  K.  Williams. 

11.  An  Intcrmedate  Oration  :  —  Reflections  on  History.  Samuel  K.  Williams. 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  Soul.        -  -        Willium  D.  Williamson. 
IB.      An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Misanthropy.  Oliver  Hayward. 


376  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Partiality.  Lemuel  Williams,  Jr. 

15.  A  Dialogue.  Richard  Briggs,  Elias  Frost,   George  Norton, 

Samuel  Randall,    Thomas  H.  Sill. 

16.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Civil  Privileges,  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Benjamin  Hobart. 

1805. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English:  —  Disputes  on  the 

Principles  of  Government  dangerous.    -  -     Williams  Emmons. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration:  —  Selfishness  the  Source  of  political  Contentions. 

Samuel  P.  Loud. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Diversity  of  Opinions.  -     Sylvester  F.  Bncklin. 

4.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Tendency  of  false  Opinions.       -     John  Shaw. 

5.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Spirit  of  Innovation.    •  John  B.  Snow. 
G.     An  Oration  on  the  Character  of  ROGER  WILLIAMS.  -              Thomas  D.  Webb. 

7.  A  Poem  on  the  Inexpediency  of  Capital  Punishments.     -          Benjamin  James. 

8.  An  Oration  on  Female  Excellency.  Walter  R.  Danforth. 

9.  An  Oration  on  modern  Patriotism.  -  Joseph  F.  Lippitt, 
10.  An  Oration  encouraging  Attempts  at  Excellence  in  Oratory.  Amasa  Fisk. 
12.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Genius.                                         Stephen  W.  Eddy. 

12.  A  Poem,  Intermediate,  on  Gratitude.    -  Samuel  Deane. 

13.  A  Syllogistic  Dispute  :  —  Is  Sincerity  always  the  best  Policy? 

Jared  Whitman,    Aaron  Hobart,    John  Howe,    Samuel  P.  Loud 

14.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Love  of  Fame.  John  Howe. 

15.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Abuse  of  Liberty.  Aaron  Hobart. 
1G.     An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Bias  of  Passion.                         Jared  Whitman. 

17.  Dialogue.  -         -     Sylvester  F.  Bncklin,    Walter  R.  Danforth,    Samuel  Deane, 

Stephen  W.  Eddy,    Benjamin  James,    Joseph  F.  Lippitt. 

18.  An  Oration  showing  the  Superiority  of  Biography  to  History. 

John  Holroyd,  Esq.,  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

19.  An  Oration  on  Energy  of  Character,  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Theron  Metes  If. 

1806. 

1.     The  Salutatory  Address  in  Latin,  with  an  English  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of 
Courage  on  Society.        -  Daniel  March. 

2f     An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Pleasures  and  Pains  of  Memory. 

Richard  B.  Bed  on. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Dissimulation.  Daniel  Johnson. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Religion  in  Society.     -  Noah  Whitman. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  377 

5.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Mental  Improvement.  Louis  R.  Sams. 

6.  An  Oration  on  Natural  History.  -        John  G.  Dean. 

7.  An  Oration  on  Ecclesiastical  History.      -  David  Benedict. 

8.  A  Forensic  Dispute  on  the   Question:  —  Is  the   Imprisonment  of  Bankrupts 

expedient?  -      Palmer  Cleveland,    Henry  D' Wolf. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Impropriety  of  Public  Punishments. 

Willard  Preston. 

10.  A  Poem.         Daniel  Thomas,  candidate  for  the  Master's  Degree,  (class  of  1803.) 

11.  Beason ; —  An  Oration  for  the  Master's  Degree. 

John  Reed,  Jr.,  (class  of  1803.) 

12.  An  Oration  on  Defamation  ;   with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.         Jacob  Eames. 

1807. 

1 .  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  Mental  Preparation. 

John  Bailey. 

2.  An  Oration  on  Literary  Excellence.  Bailey  Loring. 

3.  An  Oration  on  the  Dignity  of  Man.     -  -    Eliab  Whitman. 

4.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  Political  Virtue.  -        Jacob  Hill. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Cultivation  of  the  Mind.  -       Oliver  Angell. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Novelty.  -     Elisha  P.  Fearing. 

7.  Oratio  Latina  de  Mentis  Industria.      -  Ezekiel  R.  Wilson. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Durability  of  the  Chrietian  Religion.  Charles  Wheeler. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration:  —  National  Honor  dependent  on  Energy  of  Govern 

ment.  -    Cyrus  Alden. 

10.  A  Poem  on  Science.  -        Samuel  Bloss. 

11.  An  Oration:  —  Effects  of  Infidelity  on  Society  and  Government. 

Ebenezer  Stoddard. 

12.  An  Oration  on  Diversity  of  Opinion.  -     Zedekiah  Sanger. 

13.  A  Dispute  :  —  Which  is  the  most  desirable,  Confidence  or  Diffidence? 

Charles  Manton,   Samuel  I.  Thurston. 

14.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Adversity  on  the  Character  of  Man. 

Luther  Barstow. 

15.  An  Intermediate  Oration,  on  the  Rising  Glory  of  America.     Nahum  Harrington 

16.  An  Essay  on  Jurisprudence.  -       Cyrus  Alden. 

17.  An  Oration  on  the  Fine  Arts.         -       Henry  Wheaton,  Esq.,  (class  of  1802,) 

candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

18.  An  Oration  on  Free  Inquiry  ;   with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Adoniram  Judson. 

48 


378  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

1808. 

'  1.     Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English  :  —  Industry  essential 
to  Mental  Greatness.  Bradford  Sumner. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Patronage  of  American  Literature.  Jeremiah  Mayhew. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Self- Approbation.  Luther  Bailey. 

4.  An  Essay  on  Mathematics.  Abiel  Bolles. 

5.  An  Oration  on  Self-Knowledge .  Seth  Chapin. 

0.  An  Oration  on  the  Pleasures  of  Literature.       -  -       John  Rogers,  Jr. 

7.  A  Poem  on  Music.  Thomasfpower. 

8.  A  Syllogistic  Dispute  :  —  Is  the  Philosophy  of  Mind  preferable  to  the  Philosophy 

of  Matter  ?  Benjamin  Rice,    Josiah  J.  Fiske. 

9.  A  Oration  :  —  Bigoted  Credulity  the  product  of  Monkish  Ignorance. 

Henry  T.  Cooke. 

10.  An  Oration  :  —  Knowledge  essential  to  Liberty.  George  W.  R.  Oorlis. 

11.  An  Essay  on  History.  Dutee  J.  Pearce. 

12.  Oratio  Latina  <ie  Modo  Mcrcaturam  defendendi.          -        Nathaniel  S.  Spooner. 

13.  An  Essay  on  Ethics.  Ezekiel  Rich. 

14.  An  Oration  on  the  Love  of  Power.  George  Willard. 

15.  An  Oration  on  Religious  Freedom.     -  -     William  Barker, 

16.  An  Oration  on  Modern  Philosophy.  -        Jeremiah  Lippitt. 

17.  A  Forensic  Dispute  :  —  Is  the  Slanderer  as  criminal  as  the  Assassin? 

Isaac  Porter,    William  G.  Field,    Otis  Briggs. 

18.  An  Oration  on  Mental  Energy.  Josias  H.  Coggeshall. 

19.  A  Dispute  :  —  Is  a  Delicate  Sensibility  desirable? 

Jacob  Corey,  William  L.  Marcy. 

20.  An  Oration:  —  The  Deception  of  Ambitious  Characters.  John  B.  Francis. 

21.  An  Oration  on  Science;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  John  B.  Wight. 

1809. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  the  Patronage  of 

Science.  Elijah  Morse. 

2.  An  Oration  on  National  Energy.     -  David  Delano. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Thinking.   -  Thomas  Williams. 

4.  An  Oration  on  Martial  Spirit.  Henry  F.  Clark. 

5.  An  Essay  on  Natural  Theology.  Ebenezer  Burgess. 
G.      An  Oration  on  Force  of  Character.  -     Daniel  F.  Harding. 

7.  An  Oration  on  Political  Union.  Thomas  Pope. 

8.  A  Poem  on  the  Progress  of  Refinement.  -         ...     Joshua  Dean. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  379 

9.     An  Oration  :  —  The  Influence  of  Governments  on  Society.          William  Haven. 

10.  An  Oration  :  —  Civil  Society  essential  to  the  Happiness  of  Man. 

Samuel  S.  Wilkinson. 

11.  Oratio  Latina  :  —  Luxuria  privatse  tarn  quam  publicse  Felicitati  perniciosa. 

Joseph  Randall. 

12.  A  Poem  on  Resignation .  Henry  Goodwin. 

13.  An  Oration  on  Bar  Eloquence.  -       William  Tyler. 

14.  An  Oration  on  Wine  Robert  Hume. 

15.  An  Oration  on  the  Mental  Cultivation  of  Brutes.  Silas  Hall. 
1C.      A  Syllogistic  Dispute  :  —  Ought  Application  to  be  more  respectable  than  Talents  Y 

Jonathan  Going,  Jabez  Fox,   Gardner  Burbank. 

17.  An  Oration  on  Foreign  Influence.  -      James  B.  Dorrance. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Vicissitudes  of  Life.     -  -      John  H.  Clarke. 

19.  An  Oration  on  Civil  Government.  Thomas  Carlile. 

20.  An    Oration:  —  The    Union    of    Talents    and    Virtue;     with    the    Valedictory 

Addresses.  Jacob  Ide. 

1810. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  Sophistry. 

Hervey  Jenks. 

2.  An  Oration  on  National  Honor.  -       Collins  Darling. 

3.  Oratio  Latina  de  Rationis  Abusu.  -       David  Reed. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Liberty.  -     Francis  D.  Wait. 

5.  An  Oration  on  Commerce.     -  -    Martin  Moore. 

6.  An  Essay  on  the  Being  of  God.  -     Daniel  Kendrick. 

7.  An  Essay  on  the  Utility  of  Natural  Philosophy.  -         -      Philip  R.  Hopkins. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  Literature.       -  Charles  Roby. 

9.  An  Oration  on  Biography.     -  -   George  W.  Spencer. 

10.  An  Essay  on  the  Philosophy  of  Mind.  -         David  Avery. 

11.  An  Oration  on  the  Rights  of  injured  Africans.  Cyrus  Lothrop. 

12.  An  Oration  on  National  Growth  and  Decay.  -       Abel  Gushing. 

13.  Oratio  Graeca  de  Hominis  Dignitate.       -  -    William  Reed. 

14.  An  Oration  on  Events  in  Europe.       -  -    Henry  K.  McClintock. 

15.  An  Eulogy  on  the  Character  of  Cicero.  -        Simon  R.  Greene. 

16.  An  Essay  on  Rhetoric.     -  William  Bates. 

17.  An  Oration  on  the  Permanency  of  the  Present  Form  of  Government  in  the 

United  States.  Isaac  Bailey. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Attainment  of  Excellence;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Appleton  Downer. 


380  BKOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

1811. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  the  Utility  of 

Scientific  and  Literary  Knowledge.       -  -      Arnold  Gray. 

2.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Union  of  the  United  States  essential  to  the  Preservation  of 

their  Liberty.  Nicholas  Brown. 

3.  An  Oration  in  Latin,  on  the  Importance  of  the  Execution  of  Laws. 

Joshua  P.  Dickinson. 

4.  An  Oration  : — Curiosity,  guided  by  Reason  and  Common  Sense,  the  Source  of 

Mental  Improvement.  -        Israel  Alger. 

5.  An  Oration  on  American  Literature.  Oliver  H.  Kollock. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  Evidence  in  Support  of  Divine  Revelation.     George  Phippen. 

7.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Immortal  Nature  of  Man.     -  -    Hartford  Sweet. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Corruption  of  American  Principles  and  Manners. 

Charles  N.  Tibbitts. 

9.  An  Eulogy  on  the  Character  of  Fisher  Ames.  William  H.  Allen. 

10.  An  Essay  on  the  Study  of  Belles  Lettres.  Thomas  Russell. 

11.  An  Oration  on  Superstition.                                               -  Latham  A.  Burrows. 

12.  An  Oration  on  an  Athenaeum.  Thomas  Rivers. 

13.  An  Oration  on  the  Veracity  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures.  -  David  March. 

14.  An  Oration  on  Free  Thinking.  Aaron  Putnam. 

15.  An  Oration  in  Greek,  on  the  Utility  of  Civil  Law.  -      Ezra  Hutchins. 
1G.  A  Dispute:  —  Which  form  of   Government  is  preferable,   a  Republican  or   a 

Monarchical  ?  Peter  Wheelock,   Daniel  Ward  well. 

17.  A  Poem  on  Fashionable  Manners.  Luther  M.  Harris. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Permanency  of  the  American  Republic. 

Benjamin  W.  Cozzens. 

19.  A  Poem  on  Social  Intercourse.  Thomas  Tolman. 

20.  An  Oration  on  Liberty.        -  Dexter  Randall. 

21.  An  Oration  on  the  Means  of  Establishing  the  Literary  Character  of  America; 

with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  William  Winsor. 

1812. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,   on  tho  Obstacles  to 

American  Literature.  Isaac  Fiske. 

2.  An  Oration  :  —  Man  by  Nature  formed  to  be  Virtuous.  Ephraim  Randall. 

3.  The  Progress  of  Modern  Infidelity,  an  Oration.  John  L.  Blake. 

4.  An  Oration  on  Chivalry.     -  -      Moses  B.  Ives. 

5.  An  Essay  on  the  American  Constitution.  Richard  W.  Greene. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  381 

6.  A  Latin  Oration  on  the  Character  of  Man.  -     Samuel  Phinney. 

7.  Advantages  arising  from  the  study  of  Geography  : — An  Oration.     James  Sanford. 

8.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Influence  of  Religious  Opinions  on  Society. 

James  M.  Winchell. 

9.  An  Essay  on  the  Influence  of  a  cultivated  Imagination.      William  G.  Goddard. 

10.  A  Greek  Oration,  on  the  Love  of  Glory.        -  Preserved  Smith. 

11.  An  Oration  on  Reason  and  Fancy.     -  Ralph  Gilbert. 

12.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Rank  of  the  Fair  Sex  in  the  Scale  of  Being. 

John  L.  Park  hurst. 

13.  A  Poem.  Henry  0.  Knight. 

14.  An  Oration  on  Religious  Freedom.  Daniel  Hewett. 

15.  An  Oration  on  Enthusiasm  of  Character.     -  Christopher  C.  Dexter. 

16.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  erroneous  Opinions  imbibed  in  early  Life. 

Josephus  Wheaton. 

17.  An  Oration  :  —  National  Virtue  essential  to  National  Prosperity. 

Bradford  Sumner,  Esq.,  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Cultivation  of  a  Genius  for  Discovery  and  Invention;  with 

the  Valedictory  Addresses.  Cyrus  Kingsbury. 

1813. 

1.  Sulutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,   and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  the  Progressive 

Improvement  in  the  Condition  of  the  Human  Species.      -         -      Joel  Hawes. 

2.  Decision  of  Character  : — An  Essay.     -  Timothy  G.  Coffin. 
8.      An  Essay  on  the  Importance  of  Evangelizing  our  Frontier  Natives. 

Thomas  Shepard. 

4.  A   Dispute:  —  Has   Civil  Government  any  Right  to   inteifere  in    matters  of 

Religion  ?  Amherst  Wight,   Ebenezer  Force. 

5.  An  Essay  on  the  Ingratitude  of  Republics.  Benjamin  I.  Gilman. 
0.      An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  the  Reformation  in  the  Revival  of  Learning. 

Caleb  H.  Snow. 

7.  Anticipation  contrasted  with  Reflection  : — An  Essay.          -     Joseph  K.  Angell. 

8.  A  Greek  Essay  on  the  Love  of  Novelty.  Benjamin  D.  Weeden. 

9.  An  Essay  on  the  Patronage  of  Literature.  -       Zachariah  Allen. 

10.  Female  Genius  : — A  Poem.  -      Daniel  Knight. 

11.  An  Essay  on  Jurisprudence.  -  Earle  P.  White. 

12.  An  Essay  on  the  Political  and  Religious  State  of  the  World.          Romeo  Elton. 

13.  An  Essay  on  Manufactories.     -  Jerome  Loring. 

14.  An  Essay  on  the  Progress  of  Liberty  in  South  America.  Jonas  L.  Sibley. 

15.  A  Dispute  :  —  Which  were  the  more  Justifiable  in  commencing  the  First  Punic 

War,  the  Romans  or  Carthagenians  'i  Samuel  Atkinson,    Joshua  Morton. 


382  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

16.  A  Poem  :  —  The  Powers  of  Fancy.  Job  Durfee. 

17.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Reward  of  Merit.  -      Emerson  Paine. 

18.  An  Oration  :  —  Disinterested  Benevolence  essential  to  Perfect  Society. 

Jonas  Perkins. 

19.  A  Dispute  :  —  Which  is  the  most  Prolific  of  Enjoyment,  the  Life  of  the  Scholar 

or  of  the  Statesman?  -     George  Fisher,   Morgan  Nelson. 

20.  Great  Occasions  productive  of  eminent  Characters  : — An  Oration  ;  with  the  Vale 

dictory  Addresses.  Enoch  Pond. 

1814. 

1.  An  Oration,  on  the  Rise  and  Decline  of  Reason.        -  -     James  Ford, 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Perversion  of  Power.       -  James  Barker. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Antiquity.        -  Anson  G.  Chandler. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Government  of  the  Passions.  Seth  Alden. 

5.  A  Dispute  :  —  Are  Factories  beneficial  to  the  United  States? 

John  F.  Williams,  Samuel  Y.  Atwell. 

6.  An  Essay  on  Refinement  of  Taste.  -     William  Richmond. 

7.  An  Oration  on  Political  Science.  Andrew  Mackic. 

8.  A  Greek  Dissertation  on  Theological  Wars.     -  Samuel  Angell. 

9.  An  Oration  on  Selecting  an  Object  of  Pursuit.  Manning  Belcher. 

10.  "  Know  Thyself"  :  —  An  Essay.  George  H.  Tillinghast. 

11.  An  Essay  on  Anticipation.  Richard  J.  Arnold. 

12.  An  Essay  on  Sociability.        -  -        Alexander  Jones. 

13.  Thoughts  on  the  Dignity  of  Christianity.     -  Thomas  B   Ripley. 

14.  A  Dispute  :  —  Which  Profession  requires  the  most  extensive  Information,  that  of 

the  Physician,  the  Divine,  or  the  Lawyer?    -  -       George  0.  Strong, 

Wiilard  Holbrook,  Ilcuel  Washburn. 

15.  An  Essay  on  the  Disgrace  attending  unsuccessful  Merit.      Charles  F.  Tillinghast. 

16.  An  Oration:  —  The  Practical  Atheist.  Elijah  F.  Willey. 

17.  War  considered  in  its  Effects  on  Literature.    -  -       Lemuel  Parkhurst. 

18.  An  Oration  :  —  The  future  Character  ef  America.         -  Goodwin  Allenton, 

19.  An  Oration  on  the  Ardor  of  Youth.       -  Joseph  Joslen. 

20.  An  Oration  on  the  Literature  of  Ancient  Greece.  James  Thayer. 

21.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Reason;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Ansel  French. 

1815. 

1.     The  Salutatory   Addresses  in  Latin,    and  an  Oration    in    English:  —  Preemi 
nence  of  Modern  Genius.  -       Jasper  Adam.s. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  383 

2.  An  Oration:  —  Man  Formed  for  Happiness.  -  -       John  E.  Howard. 

3.  An  Oration  on  Elective  Governments.  -      Crawford  Allen. 

4.  An  Oration  :  —  Influence  of  Science  on  Liberty.     -  Dana  A.  Braman. 

5.  A  Greek  Oration  :  —  Battle  of  Bridgewater.  -  William  A.  Shepard. 

6.  An  Oration:  —  Oriental  Idolatry.  John  B.  Warren. 

7.  Hero  of  the  South  :  —  A  Poem.  Alvan  Bond. 

8.  An  Essay  on  Party  Spirit.       -  John  Seamans. 

9.  An  Essay  :  —  Uniformity  of  Conduct.  George  Copeland. 

10.  A  Latin  Oration.  Silas  P.  Holbvook. 

11.  War  considered  in  its  Relation  to  ISatural  and  Revealed  Religion  :  —  An  Essay. 

Ebenezer  Coleman. 

12.  Means  of  Preserving  Peace  :  —  An  Oration.  -      Abijah  Pond. 

13.  "  The  Star  in  the  East :  "   -  An  Oration.  George  Taft. 

14.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Fine  Arts,       -  John  E.  Holbrook. 

15.  The  Pursuit  of  Fame:  —  An  Oration.  -      Joseph  Thayer. 

16.  Hero  of  the  North:  —  A  Poem.  -      Benjamin  Whitman. 

17.  The  Ravages  of  Time  :  —  An  Oration       -  Wilbur  Fisk. 

18.  National  Importance  of  the  Fine  Arts:  —  An  Oration.  -       Joseph  Clark. 

19.  Remarks  on  the  Federal  Constitution,  as  connected  with  the  American  Union. 

Charles  Fobes. 

20.  Patriot's  Vision  :  —  A  Poem.  -       John  G.  Polhill. 

21.  An  Oration  on  Mental  Improvement. 

Benjamin  W.  Cozzens,  Esq.,  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

22.  Influence  of  the  Study  of  Philosophy:  —  An   Oration;   with  the   Valedictory 

Addresses.  Charles  Turner. 

1816. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English  :  —  Defence  of  Criticism. 

Thomas  Vernon. 

2.  Reality  and  Imagination  contrasted.  -     Lewis  W.  Fisher. 

3.  An  Essay  on  the  Influence  of  Social  Affections.      -         -        George  L.  Barnes. 

4.  An  Essay  on  Creation.  Thomas  J3.  Bancroft. 

5.  An  Oration  on  Talent.  Nathaniel  Searle. 

6.  An  Oration  on  the  reciprocal  Obligations  of  Learning  and  Religion. 

Abner  Morse. 

7.  Constituent  Principles  of  Government  Joseph  W.  Torrey. 

8.  Latin  Oration  on  Eloquence.  -       Frederick  Crafts. 

9.  Education  essential  to  Political  Union.  Joseph  Mauran. 
10.     Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Society  in  New  England.  Eliab  Kingman. 


384  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

11.  Virtue  and  Science:  —  An  Oration.  Peter  B.  Hunt. 

12.  Science  and  Religion  :  —  An  Oration.  James  Hubbard. 

13.  An  Oration  on  War.  Elisha  Atkins. 

14.  Ravages  of  Despotism.  S.  Augustus  Arnold. 

15.  The  Effects  of  Perseverance.  Jason  H.  Archer. 

16.  Union  of  Philosophy  and  Virtue.  Reuben  Torrey. 
17  Reflections  on  the  Powers  of  the  Mind.  John  M.  Chisolm. 

18.  Greek  Oration  on  Intemperance.       -  John  Cooke  Brown. 

19.  The  Influence  of  Prejudice  on  American  Literature  :  —  An  Oration. 

Hezekiah  Battelle. 

20.  Acquirement  of  Preeminence.  -     Isaac  Bowen. 

21.  Hero  of  the  Mediterranean  :  —  A  Poem.  Avery  Briggs. 

22.  Cultivation  of  Taste :  —  An  Oration.        -  -       Peter  Pratt. 

23.  Revolution  of  Empires:  —  An  Oration.  -        John  Carter  Brown. 

24.  South  American  Revolution  :  —  An  Oration.     -  Solomon  Peck. 

25.  The  Effects  of  early  Habits  on  the  Imagination  :  —  An  Essay. 

Benjamin  B.  Smith. 

26.  Hints  on  restricting  the  Imagination.  -     Benjamin  F.  Hallett. 

27.  The  American  Dead:  —  A  Poem.  •      Alexander  Wood. 

28.  An  Oration  on  the  Eccentricity  of  Genius.    -  -    Robert  H.  Ives. 

1817. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  Genius. 

Aaron  Brooks. 

2.  Origin  and  Influence  of  Error:  —  An  Oration.  -      Charles  Jackson. 

3.  Eulogy  on  Fulton.       -  Everett  Balcom. 

4.  Science  of  Geology  :  —  An  Oration.  Jonathan  Bigelow. 

5.  Latin  Oration,  on  the  Dark  Ages.  Lewis  L.  Miller. 

6.  Struggle  for  Freedom  :  —  A  Poem.  ,  Jonathan  P.  Crafts. 

7.  Influence  of  Learning  on  Society:  —  An  Oration.  Henry  Jackson. 

8.  Obstacles  to  the  Progress  of  American  Literature  : —  An  Oration. 

Joseph  F.  Martin. 

9.  Greek  Oration,  on  the  Powers  of  the  Mind        -         -      Pardon  B.  Farrington. 

10.  Divine  Immutability  deduced  from  the  Order  of  the  Celestial  Bodies. 

Abel  Manning, 

11.  National  Honor  :  —  An  Oration.     -  Elisha  Hay  ward. 

12.  Dispute:  —  Which  is  the  more  Useful    Member  of   Society,   the    Poet  or  the 

Orator  V  Samuel  Ashley,   Stephen  Rawson, 

13.  Spirit  of  Patriotism.  -         Joseph  Patrick. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  385 

14.  Victories  of  the  Redeemer:  —  A  Poem.  Isaac  Kimball. 

15.  Dispute  :  —  Has  the  French  Revolution  been  beneficial  to  Mankind? 

.  Edward  R.  Lippitt,   Warren  Levering. 

16.  Danger  of  American  Liberty:  —  An  Oration.     -  William  R.  Staples. 

17.  American  Star :  —  An  Oration.  -      Elipha  White. 

18.  Fate  of  Genius:  —  An  Oration.        -  Benjamin  F.  Allen. 

19.  An  Oration  on  the  Abuse  of  Intellectual  Powers  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

William  Greene. 

1818. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Essay  in  English,  on  Early  Prejudice. 

Thomas  F,  Carpenter. 

2.  The  Influence  of  Moral  Obligation  on  Society:  —  An  Oration. 

Jared  W.  Williams. 

3.  An  Oration  on  the  Nature  and  Importance  of  Truth  and  Goodness.    Elias  Fiske. 

4.  Independence  of  Character.  Walter  P.  B.  Judson. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Study  of  Metaphysics.  Jabez  Porter, 

6.  The  Moral  Influence  of  Memory  :  —  An  Oration.  -        Martin  Snell. 

7.  A  Latin  Oration,  on  Greek  and  Roman  Eloquence.     -     •     Stephen  M.  Rogers. 

8.  Utility  of  Monuments:  —  An  Oration.  William  Watson. 

9.  Study  of  Natural  History.  -       Alva  Carpenter. 

10.  Reason  and  Fancy :  —  An  Oration.        -                            -  William  S.  Patten. 

11.  The  Atheist : —  An  Oration.  John  W.  Whitman. 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  Causes  of  the  Decay  of  Genius  Azel  Utley. 

13.  The  Present  Situation  of  America.    -  Esek  Aldrich. 

14.  Love  of  Truth  the  Philosopher's  Guide  :  —  An  Oration.  Willard  Pierce. 

15.  The  Mutual  Influence  of  Literature  and  Civil  Government.  Solomon  L.  Wildes. 

16.  An   Oration    on  the   Policy   of   Acknowledging   the    Independence  of   South 

America.  Elnathan  P.  Hathaway. 

17.  The  Influence  of  Individual  Character  on  National  Prosperity. 

Dutee  J.  Pearce,  Esq.,  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

18.  Natural  Dignity  of  Man:  —  An  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Jedediah  L.  Stark. 

1819. 

1 .  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,    and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  the  Origin  and 

Effects  of  Modern  Scepticism.  George  Fisher. 

2.  An  Oration  on  the  Decline  of  Infidelity.  -    Francis  Wood. 

3.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Toleration  on  Individual  and  National  Character. 

James  S.  Holmes. 
49 


386  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

4.  A  Latin  Oration,  on  the  Value  and  Immutability  of  Truth.         Jesse  Hartwell. 

5.  An  Oration  on  the  Moral  Influence  of  Pagan  Philosophy.          Joseph  Merriam. 

6.  A  Dispute  :  —  Are  the  Inducements  for  cultivating  Science  in  the  United  States, 

equal  to  those  of  Great  Britain?  Thomas  Backus,    Samuel  B.  Shaw. 

7.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Curiosity.      -  Nathaniel  Helme. 

8.  A  Greek  Oration  :  —  Freedom  essential  to  Eloquence.  Daniel  G.  Sprague. 

9.  An  Oration  :  —  Diversity  of  Opinion  favorable  to  the  Interests  of  Society. 

David  Torrey. 

10.  An  Oration  on  the  Advantages  of  War.  Elijah  L.  Hamlin. 

11.  A  Poem  :  —  The  Phenix  from  her  Ashes.  -       Jairus  S.  Keith. 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  Utility  of  Mathematical  Studies.         -  Steuben  Taylor. 

13.  An  Oration:  —  Philosophy,  the  only  Permanent  Basis  of  Political  Institutions. 

Ira  M.  Barton. 

14.  An  Oration  on  the  Fine  Arts.  William  Ennis 

15.  An  Oration:  —  The  gradual  Advancement  of  the  Human  Species  in   Dignity 

and  Happiness;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses,         -         -      .  Horace  Mann. 

1820. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,   and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  the  Science  of 

Human  Nature.    -  -     William  Huggles. 

2.  Cultivation  of  the  Imagination.     -  Henry  A.  Rogers. 

3.  The  principal  Causes  of  Human  Instability.         -  Charles  B.  Halsey. 

4.  Freedom  of  Inquiry.  John  Goldsbury. 

5.  Characteristics  of  the  Philosopher.     -  -       Ebenczer  Stone. 

6.  A  Greek  Oration  on  Ancient  Authors.  -        Lemuel  Hall. 

7.  The  Character  of  Mahomet.      -  -        Benjamin  G.  Church. 

8.  Which  has  a  just  Claim  to  Superiority  in  Literature  and  Science,  Greece  or 

Rome?     A  Dispute.      -  -        Swan  L   Pomroy,  Joseph  M'Clintock. 

9.  Attention  to  particular  rather  than  to  general  Literature,  essential  to  extensive 

Usefulness.  Horatio  G.  Wheaton. 

10.  Impediments  to  the  Progress  of  Literature.  Henry  Hersy. 

11.  Triumph  of  Reason  Abiel  Childs. 

12.  Prospects  of  African  Aggrandizement.  Joseph  J.  Fales. 

13.  The  Analytic  Science.      -  George  Gary. 

14.  Defence  of  the  American  Character.      -  -         Joseph  Hathaway. 

15.  The  Dignity  and  Importance  of  Astronomy.  -  Enoch  Sanford. 

16.  Patronage  of  Genius.  Augustus  W.  Roberts. 

17.  The  Resurrection  and  Judgment :  —  A  Poem.  -    Albert  G.  Greene. 

18.  An  Oration  on  National  Permanency ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Welcome  A.  B  urges. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  387 

1821. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  -     Levi  Haile. 

2.  An  Oration  on  Political  Constitutions.  John  L.  Doggett. 

3.  A  Greek  Oration  on  Ancient  Poetry.  Samuel  B.  Parris. 

4.  An  Oration  on  the  Political  State  of  France.  Simeon  Tucker. 

5.  A  Conference  on  the  Moral  Law  and  the  Gospel.  ••       Nathaniel  Cobb, 

Augustus  B.  Reed,  Moses  Thatcher. 

6.  An  Oration  :  —  Reflections  on  Italy.     -  -     Oliver  Everett. 

7.  A  Latin  Oration  on  the  Progress  of  Christianity.  -    Thomas  H.  Webb. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Spirit  of  Despotism.  Thomas  J.  Humphrey. 

9.  An  Oration  on  the  Connection  between  Learning  and  Fame.        Eliab  Williams. 

10.  A  Philosophical   Dispute:  —  Do   Meteorites   originate   from   Sources  connected 

with  the  Earth?         Eliphas  Fay,  Joseph  Muenscher,   William  G.  Hammond. 

11.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  early  Impressions.  -         •      Eiiphalet  P.  Crafts. 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  relative  Importance  of  Natural  and  Intellectual  Philosophy. 

Increase  S.  Smith. 

13.  An  Oration  on  the  Progressive  Improvement  of  Man.      -         -     Lucius  Alden. 

14.  A  Conference,  on  Architecture,  Sculpture,  Painting  and  Poetry. 

George  Griswold,  Rufus  Babcock,  George  11.  Russell. 

15.  An  Oration  on  Religious  Philosophy;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Levi  Packard. 

1822. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,   and  an  English  Oration,  on  the  Influence  of 

Learning  in  the  Development  of  National  Resources.        Samuel  Starkweather. 

2.  A  Forensic  Dispute:  —  Would  a  general  Diffusion  of  Knowledge  contribute  to 

the  Permanency  of  the  Monarchies  of  Europe  "i  William  Barry, 

Joseph  W.  Farnum,  Samuel  Presbury,  Richard  E   Eddy. 

3.  Poetic  Excitement.        -  Daniel  L.  Goodwin. 

4.  An  Oration  in  Latin  :  —  The  Elegant  Arts  of  Ancient  Rome. 

William  A.  Crocker. 

5.  The  Family  of  the  Medici.  Solomon  Lincoln. 

6.  Recollections  of  Athens:  —  An  Oration  in  Greek.  -     Jacob  H.  Loud. 

7.  Intellectual  Philosophy.  -      John  Pierce. 

8.  The  Philosopher,  a  correct  Theorist  and  a  skillful  Practitioner.        John  Wilder. 

9.  Theological  Conference :  —  The  Excellence,  History  and  Prospects  of  Christianity. 

George  W.  Hathaway,   Samuel  Kingsbury,  Preston  Cummings. 
10.     Comparative  Advantages  of  Europe  and  America  for  Poetical  Description. 

Thomas  Kinnicutt. 


388  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

1 1 .  Philosophical  Forensic  :  —  Which  Country  has  contributed  most  to  the  Promotion 

of  Physical  Science,  France  or  Great  Britain  ?  Thomas  M    Burgess, 

Isaac  Davis,  Henry  H.  F.  Sweet. 

12.  The  Old  Age  of  the  Scholar.  Benjamin  C.  Cutler. 

13.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  American  Literature  on  the  Permanency  of  the 

American  Union  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  Alexis  Caswell. 

1823. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  English  Oration,  on  Political  Science. 

Silas  A.  Crane, 

2.  An  Oration  :  —  Scottish  Literature.  •       John  W.  Tenney. 

3.  A  Dispute  :  —  Has  the  reign  of  Napoleon  been  advantageous  to  Europe? 

William  Badger,   Joseph  W.  Fearing,  James  Plaisted. 

4.  An  Oration  :  —  Influence  of  Education  on  National  Happiness.     Elias  Bullard. 

5.  A  Latin  Oration  :  —  The  Augustan  Age.  -        William  Magoun. 

6.  An  Oration  :  —  Literature  indebted  to  Religion.  Charles  Dresser. 

7.  A  Dispute  :  —  Are  Capital  Punishments  useful  ?      -%  Caleb  Belcher, 

Aholiab  Johnson. 

8.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Science  of  Mind  Joseph  P.  Tyler. 

9.  An  Oration  :  —  Pleasures  of  Hope.  -         George  D.  Prentice. 

10.  A  Greek  Oration  :  —  Spartan  Institutions.       -  Benjamin  Norris. 

11.  Conference:  —  On  Chemical,  Mechanical,  and  Intellectual  Philosophy. 

Seth  Miller,  Edward  Mellen,  Rufus  Hodges. 

12.  An  Oration  :  —  Influence  of  Curiosity  in  the  Acquisition  of  Knowledge. 

Baalis  San  ford. 

13.  Conference  on  Fiction,  Poetry,  and  Eloquence.     Samuel  Ames,   Asa  M.  Bolles, 

William  R.  Watson. 

14.  An  Oration:  —  Influence  of  Situation  on  the  Character  of  Nations;   with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.  -     Henry  S.  Fearing. 

1824. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,   and  an  English  Oration,  on  the  Effects  of  the 

Crusades  on  the  Refinement  of  Europe.     -  Joseph  S.  Jenckes. 

2.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Influence  of  Luxury  on  National  Prosperity, 

George  A.  Bray  ton. 

3.  A  Dispute:  —  Is  the  Present  Condition  of  America  favorable  to  the  Advance 

ment  of  Literature  and  Science?  Luther  Smith,    Shubael  Peck. 

4.  An  Oration:  —  Wonders  of  the  Age.  William  P.  Bullock. 

5.  A  Latin  Oration,  on  the  former  and  present  Condition  of  Italy.     Allen  0.  Peck. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  389 

6.  An  Oration  :  —  Defence  of  the  Irish  Character.  Ezra  Wilkinson. 

7.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Advantages  of  Biography.  John  P.  Turney. 

8.  A  Dispute  :  — The  comparative  Advantages  of  Peace  and  War. 

William  H.  Judd,  Henry  C.  Jewett,   George  Mann. 

9.  An  Oration  :  —  Literary  Eminence  dependent  on  Persevering  Industry. 

Tyler  Thatcher. 

10.  A  Greek  Oration:  —  Ancient  and  Modern  Greece  contrasted. 

Richard  F.  Sweet. 

11.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Precariousness  of  Intellectual  Sovereignty. 

Aruna  C.  II.  Smith. 

12.  An  Oration  :  —  The  final  Causes  of  the  Diversity  of  Jalent.        David  Daniels. 

13.  A  Conference  on  Navigation,  Agriculture  and  Mechanics. 

Phineas  Savery,  George  Dyer,   Charles  R.  Fisk. 

14.  An  Oration  :  —  Christianity  favorable  to  the  Advancement  of  Literature. 

William  Leverett. 

15.  A  Conference  on  Fiction,  Poetry  and  Eloquence. 

William  II.  Waterman,  George  A.  Bucklin,  Eliphalet  W.  Hervey. 

16.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Spirit  of  the  Times.  Asa  Potter. 

17.  An  Oration  :  —  Union  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Excellence       George  Leonard. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Present   Disinclination  for  Scientific  Research;    with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.     -  George  W.  Keely. 

1825. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English  :  —  The  Influence 

of  Circumstances  on  Character.  George  G.  King. 

2.  An  Oration,  on  some  of  the  Prominent  Events  of  the  Age.      Samuel  T.  Wilder. 

3.  A  Latin  Oration,  on  the  Study  of  the  Latin  and  Greek*        -       George  Fiske. 

4.  A  Conference:  —  Sketches  of  France,  England,  Scotland,  and  America. 

Sidney  Williams,  Benjamin  Willis,  John  B.  Herreshoff,  Jared  D.  Richmond. 

5.  An  Oration  :  —  Preeminence  of  Modern  Times.  William  T.  Hawes. 

6.  An  Oration:  —  Unlimited  Improvement  the  Prerogative  of  Man. 

Moses  G.  Thomas. 

7.  A  Greek  Oration,  on  Grecian  Literature.      -  George  W.  Briggs. 

8.  A  Dispute  :  —  Is  Sensibility  the  Source  of  Excellence?       -         John  Bui-rage, 

Henry  B.  Goodwin,.  William  W.  Hall,  Nathaniel  E.  Johnson. 

9.  An  Oration  :  —  Literature  of  the  Fifteenth  Century.          Christopher  Robinson. 
10.     A  Conference  :  —  The  Anxieties  of  Youth,  Manhood  and  Old  Age,  with  a  view 

of  Futurity.  Lewis  W.  Clifford,  Jerathmel  B.  Jenckes, 

William  Pratt,  George  W.  Patten. 


390  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

11.  A  Dispute  on  the  Comparative  "Beauties  of  Nature  and  Art.      Herrnon  Bourne, 

Thomas  J.  Forbes,  Thomas  Snow,   William  S.  Stanley. 

12.  A  Dispute  : —  Does  Despotism  or  Licentiousness  present  the  greater  Obstacle  to 

the  Establishment  of  Free  Government?  -      Lucius  W.  Clark, 

Theodore  L.  Lincoln,  Samuel  Plaisted. 

13.  A  Conference  on  Civil  and  Religious 'Freedom .  Joseph  Green, 

Hugh  Montgomery,  Benjamin  C.  Wade. 

14.  An  Oration  : — The  Troubadours.  Sands  G.  Cole. 

15.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Triumphs  of  the  Scholar.  -     Horatio  Pratt. 

16.  A  Conference  on  Painting,  Sculpture,  Poetry,  and  Architecture. 

Charles  C^  P.  Hastings,  Solon  Hill,   Onslow  Peters,   Samuel  Watson. 

17.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Influence  of  Association  upon  the  Intellectual  Character. 

Barnas  Sears. 

18.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Difficulty  and  Glory  of  subduing  the  Passions. 

David  Sanford. 

19.  An  Oration:  —  American  Feeling.  Joseph  H.  Price. 

20.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Ravages  of  War.  -    James  B.  Prince. 

21.  An  Oration:  —  National  Enthusiasm  the  source  of  National  Greatness;   with 

the  Valedictory  Addresses.  Tra  Cleaveland. 

President  Sears,  it  will  be  observed,  was  a  member  of  this 
class,  being  the  largest  class,  without  exception,  that  has  ever 
graduated  from  the  Institution. 

1826. 

1.  An  Oration  on  the.  Importance  of  Correct  Principles  of  Philosophizing. 

Henry  Williams. 

2.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Utility  of  Ancient  Classics.  -    George  B.  Peck. 

3.  A  Dissertation  on  Early  Recollections.     -  Jason  B.  Blackirigton. 

4.  A  Dissertation  :  — Enthusiasm,  Complex  and  Diversitied  in  its  Operation. 

Thomas  Wilson. 

5.  A  Dissertation  :  —  The  Beneficial  Effects  of  the  Fine  Arts  on  Society. 

Gilbert  Fay. 

6.  A  Dispute  :  —  Has  the  Reign  of  Napoleon  been  Advantageous  to  Europe  V 

Walter  W.  Dalton,  Benjamin  R.  Dean. 

7.  Oratio  Graeca  de  Rebus  Grsecorum.  Henry  WT.  Thayer. 

8.  A  Dissertation  on  the  Progress  of  Literature.        -  George  W.  ^lei^enger. 

9.  A  Dissertation:  —  The  Influence  of  Theatrical  Exhibitions  on  a  Nation. 

Zenas  Bliss. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  391 

10.  An  Oration  on  the  Diversities  of  National  Character.      -         -      John  Da^o-ett. 

11.  A  Conference  on  Mental  Discipline,   and  the  Progress  of  American  Improve 

ment.  T  William  Phillips,   Francis  Deane, 

12.  An  Oration  on  the  Influence  of  Early  Associations  in  the  Formation  of  Character. 

Charles  J.  Warren. 

13.  Oratio  Latina  de  Praestantia  Antiquorum.        -  Calvin  P.  Fiske. 

14.  A  Dissertation  :  —  A  Knowledge  of  Human  Nature  the  Glory  of  the  Scholar. 

Eleazar  C.  Hutchinson. 

15.  A  Poem  :  —  Last  of  the  Carribbes.     -  -        Nathan  Willis. 

16.  An  Oration  on  the  Benefit  of  Men  of  Genius  to  the  World.      Jonathan  Aldrich. 

17.  A  Conference  on  the  Value  of  Philosophy  and  Classic  Literature. 

Nathan  Ball,  Lewis  Washburn. 
18      An  Oration  on  Hypothetical  Philosophy  Cyrus  W.  Allen. 

19.  An  Oration  :  —  Distinction  often  the  Result  of  Accident.  Isaiah  L.  Green. 

20.  An  Oration  on  the  Natural  Right  of  Man  in  relation  to  Political  Reformation. 

Samuel  Ames,  (class  of  1823,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

21.  An  Oration  on  the  Institution  of  Free  Schools.      -         -      William  R.  Watson, 

(class  of  1823,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

22.  An  Oration  :  —  The  Life  of  the  Man  of  Letters.        -  George  Burgess. 

This  is  the  last  Commencement  at  which  Dr.  Messer  presided. 
He  resigned  the  Presidency  of  the  University  in  a  letter  dated 
September  23,  1826,  which  letter  is  published  in  our  "Historical 
Sketch."  (Page  28.)  A  prominent  member  of  the  class  of  1826, 
was  the  Kev.  Dr.  Edwards  A.  Park,  of  Andover.  He  declined 
speaking  at  Commencement,  and  the  valedictory  honors  were 
assigned  to  the  late  Bishop  Burgess.  John  Kingsbury,  LL.  D., 
the  present  efficient  Secretary  of  the  Corporation,  was  also  a 
member  of  this  class. 

1827. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses  in  Latin,  and  an  Oration  in  English,  on  American  History. 

Joseph  F.  Phillips. 

2.  Medical  Science :  —  An  Oration.        -  Noah  Warner. 

3.  A  Dissertation.      (Excused.)  Peter  C,  Bacon. 

4.  A  Dissertation.      (Excused.)     -  -       Simeon  B.  Carpenter. 

5.  Philanthropy  Interwoven  with  the  Destiny  of  Man  :  —  An  Oration. 

Peter  R.  Minard. 


392 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


6. 

7. 

8. 

0. 

10. 

11. 

12. 
13. 
14 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 


Natural  Science  :  —  An  Oration. 

A  Dissertation.      (Excused.) 

The  Attainment  of  Excellence  :  —  An  Essay. 

An  Rssay.      (Excused.) 

The  Foundation  of  True  Greatness: —  A  Dissertation. 

An  Essay.      (Excused.) 

An  Essay.      (Excused.) 

Domestic  Manufactures  :  —  An  Essay. 

A  Dissertation.      (Excused.) 

A  Dissertation.      (Excused.) 

The  Fall  of  Mexico  :  —  A  Poem. 

A  Dissertation.      (Excused.) 

The  Future  Drama  of  our  Country  :  —  A  Dissertation 

The  Mathematical  Oration. 

The  Oration  on  Classical  Literature. 

The  Spirit  of  the  Crusaders  :  —  An  Oration. 

An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Advantages  of  America  for  awakening  Poetic  Genius  :  - 

The  Oration  on  Moral  Science. 

The  Memory  of  Roger  Williams  ;    with  the  Valedictory 


Williams  Latham. 

-  Justin  Hammond. 
Thomas  J.  Coggeshall. 

Israel  Putnam. 

James  W.  Thompson. 

Charles  Wadsworth. 

Charles  Gilman. 

Thomas  R.  Hunter. 

-  Zaccheus  Colburn. 
-    Sylvanus  Morse. 

1    -        Charles  Thurber. 

William  M.  Cornell. 

John  H.  Clifford. 

William  H.  Spear. 

Elain  Smalley. 

Isaiah  Moody. 

James  Bishop. 

Mellen  Chamberlain. 

-  An  Oration. 

H   G.  Otis  Colby. 
Ebenezer  Thresher. 
Addresses. 

John  H.  Weed  en. 


The   Rev.  Dr.  Wayland,  who   succeeded    President   Messer, 
presided  for  the  first  time  at  this  Commencement. 


1828. 


The  Nature  and  Benefits  of  Revolutions ;  with  Salutatory  Addresses. 

Samuel  West,  Jr. 

The  Freedom  of  the  Press  :  —  A  Dissertation. 
The  Oration  on  the  Character  of  Columbus. 
The  Oration  on  Popular  Education.      (Excused.)     - 
Influence  of  Love  of  Country  on  National  Character 


Lucius  S    Bolles. 
Daniel  C.  Burt. 
-     Maturin  L.  Fisher. 
An  Essay. 

Gamaliel  L.  Dwight. 

Simple  Classification  of  the  Powers  and  Operations  of  the  Human  Mind  :  —  A 

Dissertation.  Francis  W.  Emmons. 

Causes  for  the  Progress  of  Infidelity  :  —  A  Dissertation.     Albert  C.  Ainsworth. 

Pulpit  Eloquence  :  —  An  Oration.  -  -         -  Francis  Horton. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  393 

9.     American  Literature  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)     -  James  C.  Roy. 

.10.     The  Influence  of  Climate  on  Intellectual  Character  : — An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Milton  Bradford. 

11.  Influence  of  Moral   Cultivation  upon  the  Prosperity  and   Perpetuity  of  Govern 

ments: —  An  Essay.      (Excused.)  -       Samuel  Lamson. 

12.  Internal  Navigation  :  —  An  Essay.      (Excused.)  -  Daniel  M.  Hale. 
13       American  Manufactures  :  —  An  Essay.      (Excused.)         -     George  A.  Rhodes. 

14.  Defence  of  the  Revolutionary  Tories  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Ephraim  Munroe. 

15.  The  Effects  of  Music  on  the  Passions:  —  An  Oration.  John  Winthrop. 

16.  The  Word  "Farewell"  :  — A  Poem.  Mark  A.  D.  Howe. 

17.  Oration  :  —  Influence  of  Natural  Scenery  on  Character.  Henry  F.  Edes. 

18.  Oration  :  —  Utility  of  Intellectual  Philosophy.        -  Joseph  T.  Robert. 

19.  Oration:  —  Force  of  Character.  -    Archer  B.  Smith. 

20.  Oration  :  —  The  Education  of  Nature  contrasted  with  the  Education  of  Art. 

Amos  Loveiing. 

21.  Eulogy  on  DeWitt  Clinton.  Joseph  Roby. 

22.  The  New  England  Character ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Lafayette  S.  Foster. 

1829. 

1.  Oration  on  the  Extent  of  Individual  Influence;    with  the  Salutatory  Addresses. 

William  B.  Carpenter. 

2.  The  Pleasures  of  a  Literary  Life  :  —  A  Dissertation.       -         -      John  H.  Bird. 

3.  Oration  on  the  Economical  Effects  of  Intellectual  Culture.       Benoni  Carpenter. 

4.  Causes  of  Commercial  Depression  : — A  Dissertation.  (Excused.)  Elisha  Dyer,  Jr. 

5.  What  would  be  the  most  suitable  Form  of  Government  for  Independent  Greece  ? — 

A  Dissertation.  -      Charles  H.  Holmes. 

6.  Oration  on  the  Dignity  of  the  Medical  Profession.       -         -        Charles  Gordon. 

7.  Oration  on  the  Permanency  of  the  Union.      (Excused.)          Samuel  Coney,  Jr. 

8.  Religious  Principle,  the  last  Hope  of  Empire  :  —  An  Oration.     Stephen  P.  Hill. 

9.  Oration  on  the  Means  of  Perpetuating  our  Civil  Institutions.     James  W.  Cooke. 

10.  The  Old  Age  of  the  Scholar:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Nathan  Dresser,  Jr, 

11.  Moral  Effects  of  the  Catholic  Emancipation:  —  An  Oration.     Isaac  D.  Wilson. 

12.  Progress  and  Effects  of  Free  Inquiry:  —  An  Oration.        -        Henry  A.  Miles. 

13.  The  Atheist :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  William  T.  Dorrance. 

14.  The  Modern  Literature  of  Germany:  —  An  Oration.  John  E.  Sweet. 

15.  Oration  :  —  The  Memory  of  the  Dead.  -     John  A.  Bolles. 

50 


394  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

16.     Oration  on  the  comparative  Effects  of  Poetry  and  Painting.     (Excused.) 

Theophilus  P.  Doggett. 

18.     Oration  on  the  Causes  permanently  influencing  American  Literature;  with  the 
Valedictory  Addresses.  Charles  W.  Crouch. 

Up  to  this  time  it  had  been  the  invariable  practice  to  have 
Commencement  exercises  during  both  forenoon  and  afternoon, 
with  an  interval  between.  This  year  the  exercises  were  contin 
ued,  as  they  have  been  since,  without  interruption  until  the  close. 

1830. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses.  Christopher  M.  Nickels. 

2.  Social  Provisions  of  Christianity:  —  An  Oration.  Samuel  B.  Swaim. 

3.  Criminal  Jurisprudence:  —  An  Oration.  Benjamin  F.  Thomas. 

4.  The  Study  of  the  Mathematics  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)       Elisha  Stevens. 

5.  Moral  Courage  of  Legislators  essential  to  National  Greatness  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Benjamin  H.  Hathorne. 

6.  Improvement  of  Taste  :  —  A  Dissertation.      (Excused.)  Lucius  Kingman. 

7.  Character  of  Roger  Williams:  —  An  Essay.  Joseph  Moriarty. 

8.  Influence  of  the  Love  of  Fame  on  the  Development  of  Genius:  —  An  Oration. 

Ebenezer  Smith,  Jr. 

9.  Christian  Patriotism :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)        -  Gideon  Dana. 

10.  Southern  Slavery:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Hazefl  W.  Crouch. 

11.  Ancient  and  Modern  Eloquence  compared  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Ellis  Ames. 

12.  Excellence  Attainable  by  All :  —  An  Essay.  Francis  J.  Lippitt. 

13.  Festivals,  Patriotic  and  Literary:  —  An  Oration.        -         -       Richard  S.  Edes. 

14.  Sectional  Prejudice  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -     Albert  G.  Wakefield. 

15.  Superiority  of  Moral  Power:  —  An  Oration.     -  -     Spencer  A.  Pratt. 

16.  The  Eras  of  Poetry  :  —  An  Oration.     -  -  Christopher  G.  Perry. 

17.  An  Oration  on  National  Attachments.     Harrison  G.  0.  Colby,  (class  of  1827,) 

candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

18.  An  Oration  on  the  Perils  of  Professional  Life.  John  H.  Clifford, 

,       (class  of  1827,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

19.  Oration  :  —  The  Results  of  Improvements  in  the  Science  of  Education  ;  with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.       -  George  I   Chace. 

1831. 

1 .     Study  essential  to  Poetical   Excellence  :  —  An  Oration ;    with  the   Salutatory 
Addresses.  David  King,  Jr. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  395 

2.  Consecrated  Talent :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Edward  Otheman. 

3.  Literary  History:  —  An  Oration.  William  H.  Eddy. 

4.  The  Bible  a  Classic  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -         -       Francis  W.  Bird. 

5.  Causes  of  the  Superiority  of  Modern  Society  : — An  Essay.     Joseph  M.  Church. 

6.  The  Christian  Statesman  :  —  An  Oration.  -      Henry  Waterman. 

7.  The  Spirit  of  Chivalry  :  —  An  Essay.  William  F.  DeWolf. 

8.  An  Oration  on  the  Political  Character  of  Milton.  -  Nicholas  Hoppin. 

9.  Character  of  Bishop  Heber  :  —  An  Oration.  Francis  Peck. 

10.  Natural  Science  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -       Walter  S.  Burges. 

11.  Oration:  —  The  Influence   of   the  Scholar  on   the    Advancement   of    Political 

Freedom.  -     Joseph  L.  Jernegan. 

12.  The  Power  of  Conscience  :  —  A  Poem.       Mark  A.  D.  Howe,  (class  of  1828,) 

candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

13.  Oration:  —  The   Causes   of   a    Diseased   Imagination;    with   the    Valedictory 

Addresses.  -       William  Gammell. 

1832. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses.       -  -       Oren  A.  Ballou. 

2.  Poetry  of  Religion  :  —  The  Salutatory  Oration.      -         -     Jonathan  E.  Arnold. 

3.  The  Importance  of  our  Political  Union:  —  An  Oration.         Erasmus  D.  Miller. 

4.  Influence  of  Periodical  Reviews  :  —  A  Dissertation.        -         -        Henry  Earle. 

5.  Christianity  favorable  to  Political  Economy:  —  An  Oration.      Warren  Leverett. 

6.  Effects  of  Polemical  Theology  :  —  An  Oration.    (Excused.)    Thomas  B.  Newhall. 

7.  Moral  Influence  of  Fiction  :  —  An  Oration.  Oren  A.  Ballou. 

8.  Modern  Education:  —  An  Oration.  -      Isaac  E.  Heaton. 

9.  Moral  Prospects  of  our  Country:  —  An  Oration.    (Excused.)    James  Huckins. 

10.  Autobiography  of  Men  of  Science:  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Samuel  W.  Peckham. 

11.  Prospects  of  Europe.     Affirmative:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Obadiah  W.  Albee. 

12.  Prospects  of  Europe.     Negative:  —  An  Oration.  -      Charles  N.  Fearing. 

13.  Moral  Excellence  necessary  to  true  Greatness:  —  A  Dissertation. 

Samuel  W.  Bridgham,  Jr. 

14.  Incentives  to  Benevolent  Enterprise  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Jacob  White. 

15.  Mental  Improvement  the  Safeguard  of  our  Country:  —  An  Oration.     (Excused.) 

Jonathan  R.  Harding. 

16.  Spirit  of  Enterprise  necessary  to  a  flourishing  Community:  —  A  Dissertation. 

John  K.  Simpson,  Jr. 

17.  Pleasures  of  a  Cultivated  Taste:  —  A  Poem.        -         -       Charles  Holden,  Jr. 


396  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

18.  Love  of  Truth:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.    -  -      Salmon  C.  Perry. 

19.  Sanguinary  Punishments  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Joseph  Farnum,  Jr. 

20.  Uses  of  History :  —  An   Oration.     (Excused.)      -  John  B.  White. 

21.  Character  of  Lord  Brougham:  —  An  Oration.    -  Samuel  Randall,  Jr. 

22.  Waste  of  Mind  :  —  An  Oration.  Washington  Leverett. 

23.  The  Humility  of  True  Science:  —  An  Oration.     (Excused.)     John  M.  Mackie. 

24.  Voluntary  Associations:  —  An  Oration.  John  A.  Bolles,  (class  of  1829,) 

candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

25.  Valedictory  Addresses  to  the  Corporation.      (Excused.)     Washington  Leverett. 
25.     Valedictory  Addresses  to  the  Class.      (Excused.)       -         -      John  M.  Mackie. 

1833. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses.  Arthur  S.  Train. 

2.  Influence  of  Moral  upon  Intellectual  Cultivation:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

William  B.  Jacobs. 

3.  History  the  Grand  Inquest  of  Character  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Nathan  F.  Dixon,  Jr. 

4.  Influence  of  Religious  Belief  upon  the  Emotions  of  Taste  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Ebenezer  P.  Dyer. 

5.  Object  of  a  Liberal  Education  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Nehemiah  G.  Lovell. 
G.     Materials  for  American  Literature  : — An  Intermediate  Oration.    George  F.  Pool. 

7.  An  Active  Profession  the  best  Discipline  for  Intellectual  Character : — An  Oration. 

Benjamin  H.  Rhoades. 

8.  Pulpit  Eloquence  :  —  An  Oration.     -  Edward  A.  Stevens. 

9.  The  Study  of  History:  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)  Horatio  A.  Wileox. 

10.  Consecrated  Genius :  —  A  Poem.      (Excused.)  Lorenzo  0.  Lovell. 

11.  Decline  of  American  Patriotism:  —  An  Oration.     -        Lemuel  W.  Washburn. 

12.  Popular  Superstitions  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.        -         Nehemiah  Knight. 

13.  Poetical  Character  of  Scott  and  Byron  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Peres  Simmons. 

14.  Consistency  of  Character :  —  An  Essay.      (Excused.)  Edward  Freeman. 

15.  Scottish  Covenanters.      (Excused.)  Henry  G.  Wiley. 

16.  Labor  the  only  True  Genius.     -  George  T.  Metcalf. 

17.  Egyptian  History  :  —  An  Oration.  -     Henry  B.  Anthony. 

18.  The  Power  of  Humility  :  —  An  Oration.  •    Arthur  S.  Train. 

19.  Character  of  Robert  Hall;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.      (Excused.) 

Jabez  Taber. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  397 

1834. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses.  Pardon  D.  Tiffany. 

2.  Martial  Spirit  unfavorable  to  the  Permanence  of  Free  Institutions :  —  An  Oration. 

Jonathan  II.  Bullock. 

3.  The  Study  of  Natural  Science  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Crawford  Nightingale. 

4.  Love  of  Power:  —  An  Oration.    -  Hervey  S.  Dale. 

5.  Influence  of  National  Intercourse  on  the  Progress  of  Society :  —  An  Intermediate 

Oration.     -  Charles  W.  Wood. 

6.  Patient  Thought:  —  An  Oration.  Joseph  Bridgham. 

7.  The  Education  of  Mercantile  Men:  —  A  Dissertation.  Daniel  P.  Simpson. 

8.  Early  Character  of  Rhode  Island:  —  A  Dissertation.     -       Edward  H.  Hazard. 

9.  Causes  of  the  Decline  of  Nations:  —  A  Dissertation.      (Excused.) 

Carrington  Hoppin. 

10.  The  Choice  of  a  Profession :  —  A  Dissertation.     (Excused.)     Augustus  Leland. 

11.  Moral  Reasoning  superior  to  Demonstration  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Oliver  Ayer, 

12.  Value  of  the  Ancient  Classics  to  the  American  Student :  —  An  Oration. 

Ephraim  Ward. 

13.  Advantages  of  the  Study  of  Phrenology:  —  A  Dissertation,        David  Perkins. 

14.  Obstacles  to  the  Progress  of  American  Literature  :  —  An  Oration. 

Pardon  D.  Tiffany. 

15.  Progress  of  Science  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)  George  Cole. 

16.  System  in  Intellectual  Labor  essential  to  Success  :  —  An  Oration.     (Excused.) 

Silas  Bailey. 

17.  Hostility  tu  Truth  : — •  An  Oration.  Joshua  W.  Downing. 

18.  Tendency  of  Revolutions  :  —  An  Oration.  -       Charles  K.  Johnson. 

19.  Responsibilities  of  American  Young  Men:  —  An  Oration.      William  H.  Wood. 
20      Study  of  Political  Economy :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)     Edward  A.  Lotbrop. 

21.  Study  of  Physical  Science  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)          Luther  Robinson. 

22.  The    Philosopher    and    the    Philanthropist    Compared ;    with   the    Valedictory 

Addresses.  James  T.  Champlin. 

1835. 

1.  The  Condition  and  Prospects  of  Africa:  —  An  Oration.     -     Jonah  Gr.  Warren. 

2.  Causes  of  the  Superiority  of  Ancient  Eloquence  :  —  An  Oration. 

Edward  Stone. 

3.  Characteristics  of  True  Patriotism  :  —  An  Oration.        -        Samuel  S.  Sumner. 

4.  The  Influence  of  Progressive  Civilization  on  Poetry:  —  An  Oration. 

John  M.  Mackie,  (class  of  1832,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 


398 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


5.     The  Political  Principles  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall :  —  An  Oration. 

William  F.  DeWolf,  A.  M.,  (class  of  1831,) 

candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws. 

This  has  sometimes  been  called  the  CONSCIENTIOUS  CLASS.  It 
appears  from  the  record,  that  they  were  unwilling  to  accept  of 
parts  at  Commencement,  unless  the  distribution  of  them  on  the 
principle  of  scholarship  were  relinquished.  This  could  not  be 
done  consistently  with  President  Wayland's  views  of  the  matter, 
and  consequently  all  but  three  of  the  class  declined  being  candi 
dates  for  degrees. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  class,  as 
they  are  given  in  the  annual  catalogue.  Fifteen  of  them  appear 
in  the  triennial  catalogue  recently  published,  with  the  years 
when  they  took  their  degrees : — 


Leonard  Bliss, 
Alfred  Bosworth, 
Nathan  Brittan, 
Henry  Chapin, 
Joshua  B.  Chapin, 
George  W.  Cross, 
Samuel  Curry, 
Giles  M.  Eaton, 


Otis  Fisher, 
Josiah  Goddard, 
Samuel  L.  Gould, 
Levi  H.  Holden, 
Dwight  Ives, 
Charles  C.  Jewett, 
Justin  R.  Looniis, 


Joshua  M.  Ma  comber, 
Reuben  Morey, 
Elias  Nason, 
Zenas  B.  Newman, 
George  M.  Randall, 
Edward  T.  Richardson, 
William  R.  Saxton, 


Edward  Stone, 
Samuel  S.  Sumner, 
William  D.  Upham, 
Geronimo  Urmeneta, 
George  G.  Warren, 
Jonah  G.  Warren, 
John  Waterman. 


1836. 


1.  Salutatory  Addresses.        -  -       Charles  Chamberlain. 

2.  Oration:  —  The  Source  of  Fanaticism.  -      William  L.  Brown. 

3.  The  Periodical  Literature  of  the  Present  Day:  —  An  Oration. 

Thomas  L.  Dunnell. 

4.  Paul  in  Athens:  —  A  Poem.  Jacob  R.  Scott. 

5.  Eulogy  on  William  Wirt       (Excused.)        -  -      John  G.  Jones. 

6.  The  Moral  Uses  of  Emulation  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)          Henry  Smith. 

7.  Political  Patronage  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)  William  C.  Mellen. 

8.  Oration  :  —  The  Qualifications  for  a  Modern  Reformer.          Stephen  0.  Shepard. 

9.  Oration  :  —  The  Influence  of  Men  of  Genius  on  their  Age.      (Excused.) 

William  H.  Potter. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  399 

10.  The  Effects  of  Natural  Agents  upon  the  Progress  of  Society  :  —  An  Oration. 

Samuel  Clarke. 

11.  The  Importance  of  Cultivating  Social  Feeling:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Thomas  L.  Randolph. 

12.  The  Dignity  of  the  Medical  Profession  :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.) 

Jotham  Lincoln. 

13.  Oration:  —  The  Progress  of  Physical  Science.      (Excused.)          Caleb  Farnum. 

14.  The  Ultimate  Success  of  great  Minds  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

John  L.  Lincoln. 

15.  Oration:  —  Enthusiasm  of  Genius.  -       Silas  B.  Randall. 

16.  Oration:  —  The  Social  Influence  of  an  Aristocracy.    '(Excused.) 

Thomas  P.  Shepard. 

17.  Oration:  —  Benevolence  and  Justice,  the  true  Principles  of  National  Policy. 

Wilbur  Tillinghast. 

18.  Mental  Refinement :  —  An  Oration.      (Excused.)       -     Charles  H.  Waterbury, 

19.  Reverence  for  Antiquity:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Excused.) 

John  G.  Douglass. 

20.  The  Connection  between  Science  and  Christianity:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

(Excused.)  Edward  A.  Bennett. 

21.  -  The  Influence  of  the  Fine  Arts:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.     (Excused.) 

Charles  J.  Everett. 

22.  The  Progress  of  British  Reform  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Excused.) 

George  Jacques. 

23.  Oration  :  —  Causes  of  the  Decline  of  Poetry.  Charles  Chamberlain. 

24.  The  March  of  Mind.  John  P.  Knowles. 

25.  Causes  of  the  Decline  of  Pulpit  Eloquence  :  —  An  Oration,     Arthur  S.  Train, 

(class  of  1833,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

26.  Oration  :  —  The  Field  of  Philosophical  Research  not  explored  ;   with  the  Vale 

dictory  Addresses.       -  Horace  T.  Love. 

1837. 

1.  Salutatory  Addresses.  -        Edwin  Noyes. 

2.  The  Importance  of  an  Enlightened  Literary  Criticism  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Charles  W.  Reding. 

3.  The  Eloquence  of  the  Revolution:  —  An  Essay.  Alexander  G.  Henshaw. 

4.  The  Spirit  of  Party  :  —  A  Dissertation.  George  Griggs. 

5.  Rome:  —  An  Essay.  George  W.  Peck. 

6.  The  Orator: —  An  Essay.  -    Erasmus  D.  Fish. 


400  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

7.  The  Influence  of  the  Imagination  on  the  Spirit  of  Enterprise  :  —  An  Oration. 

Francis  Smith. 

8.  The  Character  of  Mirabeau  :  —  A  Dissertation.  -      Charles  R.  Train. 

9.  Money:  —  A  Poem.  David  A.  Putnam. 

10.  The  Importance  of  the  Union:  —  An  Oration.  -     James  W.  Dallam. 

11.  The  Power  of  the  Past :  — A  Dissertation.  William  S.  Child. 

12.  Consistency  of  Poetry  with  Philosophy  and  Religion  : — An  Oration. 

Joseph  Smith. 

13.  The  Crusades:  —  An  Oration.  Thomas  S.  Sommers. 

14.  The  Profession  of  Law:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Lambert  J.  Jones. 

15.  Vindication  of  Poetry:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.       Nicholas  P.  Tillinghast. 

16.  Oration:    Moral  Courage  in  the  Character  of  the  American  Citizen  demanded 

by  the  Circumstances  of  the  Country.     -  William  R.  Babcock. 

17.  Oration:  —  Transcendental  Philosophy.  -     James  T.  Champlin, 

(class  of  1834,)  candidate  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

18.  Oration:  —  Caution  requisite  in  the  Character  of  the  Philosopher;    with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.  Samuel  S.  Greene. 

1838. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  William  S.  Ames. 

2.  Florence  and  its  Associations  : —  A  Dissertation.  John  C.  Stockbridge. 

3.  Influence  of  the  Classic  Mythology  upon  the  Character  of  the   People:  —  An 

Essay.  -       Samuel  F.  Dike. 

4.  The  Principles  of  Modern  Patriotism:  —  A  Dissertation.       Charles  M.  Bowers. 

5.  The  value  of  Metaphysical  Speculations  :  —  A  Philosophical  Dissertation. 

George  Young,  (excused,)  Ezekiel  G.  Robinson. 

6.  Early  Memoirs:  —  A  Poem.  Henry  C.  Whitaker. 

7.  Importance   of  carrying   into    Manhood   the  Feelings  of  early    Youth:  —  An 

English  Oration.  Alfred  Colburn. 

8.  The  Career  of  the  English  People  :  —  A  Dissertation.  James  M.  Clarke. 

9.  The  Power  of  the  Old  and  the  New  :  — A  Conference. 

John  W.  P.  Jenks,  (excused,)  Edward  D.  Pearce,  Alexander  Burgess. 

O 

10.  Character  of  Nathaniel  Bowdich  :  —  An  English  Oration.  Azel  D.  Cole. 

11.  Moral  Progress:  —  An  English  Oration.  George  V.  N.  Lothrop. 

12.  Limitations  of  Scientific  Enquiry:  —  An  English  Oration.       Albert  N.  Arnold. 

13.  Moral  Uses  of  the  Fine  Arts  :  —  An  Essay.      (Excused.)        Ezra  W.  Howard. 

14.  Characteristics:  —  A  Poem.  Thomas  A.  Jenckes. 

15.  Classical  Oration  :  —  The  Mingling  of  Literary  with  Professional  Studies. 

Marcus  Morton. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  401 

16.     Features  in  the  present  Stage  of  Social  Progress  :  —  An  English  Oration  ;    with 
the  Valedictory  Addresses.  -      Charles  S.  Bradley. 

1839. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  -       William  T.  Wilson. 

2.  The  slow  Development  and  Prevalence  of  Correct  Principles :  —  An  English 

Oration.       -  Charles  C.  Burnett. 

3.  Political  Degeneracy: — A  Dissertation.      (Excused.)        Ebenezer  L.  Shepard. 

4.  Physical  Science,  the  Useful  Arts,  and  the  Fine  Arts,  considered  as  Subjects  of 

Popular  Education:  —  A  Conference.        -  Henry  G,  Steward, 

Joseph  S.  Pitman,   John  W.  Dodge. 

5.  The  Age  of  Charles  I: — An  Essay.      (Excused.)     -  -     Seth  Mann. 

6.  The  Political  Character  of  Milton  :  —  An  Essay.     -  Henry  C.  Dorr. 

7.  The  Moral  Spirit  required  in  the  Investigation  of  Truth  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

William  Douglas. 

8.  The  Value  of  Antiquarian  Labors:  —  A  Dissertation.     (Excused.) 

Frederic  L.  Batchelder. 

9.  Can  the  Fine  Arts  be  usefully  employed  as  Aids  in  Devotion?  —  A  Forensic 

Discussion.  George  W.*Patch,  Thomas  S.  Maloom. 

10.  The  Religious  Influence  of  Modern  Philosophy  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

George  W.  Packard. 

11.  Moral   Courage   essential  to  the   Character  of  the   Statesman:  —  An   English 

Oration.  James  B.  M.  Potter. 

12.  Value  of  Literary  Education  to  Men  of  Business :  —  A  Dissertation.      (Excused. ) 

Albert  T.  Elliott. 

13.  The  Waste  of  Intellect:  —  An  English  Oration.      (Honorary.) 

Ezra  W.  Fletcher. 

14.  The  Philosophical  Oration  : — The  Spirit  of  the  Philosopher.    George  W.  Samson. 

15.  The  Classical  Oration  :  —  The  Moral  Lessons  to  be  derived  from  the  Ancient 

Classics.        -  -       Samuel  Glover. 

16.  Self-Reliance  :  —  An  English  Oration  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Francis  E.  Hoppin. 

1840. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  James  R.  Boise. 

2.  Parallel  between  the  United  States  and  the  Empire  of  Russia :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Frank  Griffin 

3.  Sympathy  with  Men  of  Genius  :  —  An  Essay.        -  Henry  G.  Weston. 

4.  Political  Integrity:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -     Jonas  D.  Sleeper. 

51 


402  BROWN    UNIVERSITY. 

5.  A  Discussion.     (Excused.)  -       Oliver  Fisk,  Thomas  W.  Wood. 

6.  The  Re-Tnterment  of  Napoleon  in  Paris:  —  An  Essay.      James  H.  Coggeshall. 

7.  Enthusiasm  :  —  An  English  Oration.  Benjamin  Franklin. 

8.  Popular  Delusions  :  —  A  Dissertation.  William  N.  Sage. 

9.  An  Intermediate  Oration.      (Honorary.)    -  -     Nathan  H.  Dow. 

10.  The  Power  of  Personal  Character:  —  A  Dissertation.      -          Ebenezer  Dodge. 

11.  The  Historian  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Obiel  W.  Briggs. 

12.  The  Influence  of  a  Skeptical  Spirit  on  the  Progress  of  Truth  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

George  H.  Browne. 

13.  The  Influence  of  Intellectual  Culture  on  the  Moral  Character:  —  An  English 

Oration.        -  William  T.  Brantly. 

14.  The  Value  of  Private  Life  :  —  An  English  Oration.         -      Edward  C.  Lamed. 

15.  An  English  Oration.      (Excused.)     -  -      William  Dutton. 

16.  An  English  Oration.      (Honorary.)  Edward  W.  West. 

17.  Character  of  the  English  Puritans  :  —  An  English  Oration.        Heman  Lincoln. 

18.  The  Social  Theorists  of  the  Age  :  —  An  English  Oration.      -     William  Gaston. 

19.  The  Philosophical  Oration  :  —  The  Elements  of  Intellectual  Success. 

Abraham  Payne. 

20.  The  Classical  Oration :  —  The  Influence  of  Ancient  Mythology  upon  Literature, 

compared  with  that  of  Christianity.  James  K.  Kendrick. 

21.  The  Study  of  the  Past:  —  An  English  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Nathaniel  Morton. 

1841. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Kendall  Brooks. 

2.  The  Idea  of  Fate  in  the  Grecian  Drama  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Franklin  Wilson. 

3.  The  Fall  of  Italian  Freedom  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

James  B.  R.  Walker. 

4.  The  Reign  of  Charles  I :  —  An  English  Oration.       -         -      Augustus  Mason. 

5.  Writers  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Anne  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Charles  Hart. 

6.  An  English  Oration.     (Excused.)  James  N.  Sikes. 

7.  A  Discussion.     (Excused.)      -  Asa  M.  Gammell,  George  W.  Brown. 

8.  The  Harmony  of  Religion  and  Philosophy:  —  An  English  Oration. 

Merrick  Lyon. 

9.  The  Martyr  Spirit :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.     -         -        Jonas  R.  Perkins. 
10.     Social  Change:  —  An  English  Oration.  -     Samuel  S.  Mann. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  403 

11.  Orators  of  the  American  Revolution  :  —  An  English  Oration. 

Thomas  C.  Campbell. 

12.  Professional  and  Political  Eminence  :  —  An  English  Oration. 

Benjamin  A.  Edwards. 

13.  An  Essay.     (Excused.)  Asa  P.  Taylor. 

14.  An  Essay.      (Excused.)     -  William  M.  Hale. 

15.  An  Essay.      (Excused.)  David  Haynes. 

16.  An  Essay.      (Excused.)     -  -       Henry  8.  Wheaton. 

17.  An  Essay.      (Excused.)  Alanson  H.  Tinkham, 

18.  The  Age  and  Poetry  of  Dante  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Samuel  G.  Arnold. 

19.  The  Sources  of  the  Poet's  Power  :  —  An  English  Oration.        Richard  C.  Hall. 

20.  The  Importance  of  Liberal  Studies  to  the  Statesman  :  —  An  English  Oration. 

Frederic  W.  Coffin. 

21.  The  Spirit  of  Philosophical  Inquiry  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Elbridge  Smith. 

22.  Characteristics  of  the  Present  Age  :  —  An  English  Oration  ;    with  the  Valedic 

tory  Addresses.  Henry  S.  Frieze. 

1842. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  Joseph  R.  Manton. 

2.  The  Conflicts  of  Truth  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.     Zuinglius  Grover. 

3.  The  Spirit  of  the  Man  of  Letters:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Stephen  fi.  Brownell. 

4.  Military  Power  in  Free  States:  —  A  Dissertation.        -         Amasa  S.  Westcott. 

5.  The  Pursuits  of  the  Naturalist:  —  A  Dissertation  Peter  F.  Mackie. 

6.  The  Decline  of  the  Tragic  Drama:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

George  M    Bartol. 

7.  The  Intellectual  and  Social  Influence  of  the  Pulpit :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Asa  H.  Gould. 

8.  The  Benefits  and  Evils  of  Political  Ass9ciations  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Christopher  S.  Tillinghast. 

9.  The  Economy  of  Christian  Missions  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

John  S.  James. 

10.  The  Eloquence  of  Thought :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Henry  H.  Button. 

11.  The  Introversive  Habits  of  the  Age  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Cornelius  G.  Fenner. 

12.  The  Moral  Dignity  of  the  Federal  Judiciary  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

George  S.  Stevenson. 


404  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

13.  The  Egotism  of  Scholars :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.         Edwin  Metcalf. 

14.  The  Philosophical   Oration:  —  The  Uses  of  the   Imagination  in   Philosophical 

Inquiry.  Charles  K.  Colver. 

15.  The  Classical  Oration  :  —  Vindication  of  Classical  Studies       Noah  F.  Packard. 

16.  Life  a   Season   of  Education :  —  An   English   Oration ;    with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.         -  Albert  Harkness. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.:  — 

1.  A  Dissertation.  Isaac  J.  Burgess. 

2.  A  Dissertation.  Albert  E.  Dennison. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  James  W.  C.  Ely. 

4.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Charles  G.  W.  French. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -  -    John  Parsons, 

6.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    -  James  M.  Phipps. 

1843. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Henry  Day. 

2.  The  American  Navy:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  George  D.  Miles. 

3.  The  Judicial  Character  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Charles  W.  Hewes. 

4.  The  Cultivation  of  Pulpit  Oratory  :  —  An  Essay.  Isaac  F.  Jones. 

5.  Causes  of  the  Permanence  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Edwin  T.  Winkler. 

6.  The  Career  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington  : —  A  Dissertation.  Daniel  F.  Merrill. 

7.  Intellectual  and  Social  Benefits  of  Commerce  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Benjamin  N.  Lapham. 

8.  Genius  a  Creative  Power  :  —  An  Essay,  William  Knowles. 

9.  College  Memories:  —  A  Poem.  Tracy  P.  Cheeper. 

10.  The  Power  of  Ceremonial  Forms:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Harrison  V.  II.  Lord. 

11.  The  Sway  of  Original  Thought :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Harrison  C.  Page. 

12.  The  last  Days  of  Lord  Byron  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  W.  Whitman. 

13.  The  Philosophical  Oration:  —  The  Prophetic  Power  of  Philosophy. 

Percival  W.  Bartlett. 

14.  The  Classical  Oration  :  —  The  Claims  of  Liberal  Studies  upon  Professional  Men. 

Andrew  Croswell. 

15.  The  Education  of  the  Sentiments  : —  An  English  Oration  ;    with  the  Valedic 

tory  Addresses.  Robinson  P.  Dunn. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  405 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.:  — 

1.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Benjamin  Gardner. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.     -  Lyman  Jewett. 

3.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -       Austin  Norcross 

4.  An  Essay.  William  R.  Pierce. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -     Robert  B.  Smith. 

6.  An  Intermediate  Oration.     -  -      Harvey  D.  Walker. 

7.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.       -  William  Walker. 

1844. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Alfred  E.  Giles. 

2.  The  Trusts  committed  to  the  Scholar  :  —  A  Disquisition.       -       Cyrus  Bentley. 

3.  The  Poems  ascribed  to  Ossian  :  —  A  Dissertation.      -      Jonathan  E.  Whitaker. 

4.  Florence  and  its  Associations  :  —  An  Essay.  Elisha  D.  Vinton. 

5.  Appeals  to  Popular  Passions:  —  A  Dissertation.  -     Cyrus  Bean. 

6.  The  Prospects  of  American  Sculpture:  —  A  Disquisition.      William  S.  Barton. 

7.  The  Value  of  Liberal  Education  to  Mercantile  Men  :  —  An  Essay. 

William  G.  Pierce. 

8.  The  Courage  which  arises  from  fixed  Principles  :  —  An  Essay.     Richard  Lentell. 

9.  The  Christian  Gladiator:  —  A  Poem.  Sylvanus  D.  Phelps. 

10.  The   Influence  of  the   Imagination  upon   Moral   and   Social   Character: — An 

English  Oration.       -  -  Lewis  H.'Boutell. 

11.  The  Sympathy  between  Literature  and  Art:  —  An  English  Oration. 

William  H.  Davol. 

12      The  Principle  of  Association,  and  its  Influence  upon  Intellectual  Character:  — 
An  English  Oration.  Willard  Sayles. 

13.  The  Philosophical  Oration:  —  The  Metaphysician  Richard  Cushman. 

14.  The  Classical  Oration  :  —  The  Perpetuity  of  the  Ancient  Classics. 

Joshua  P.  Converse. 

15.  The  Characteristics  and  Destiny  of  American  Civilization :  —  An  English  Oration ; 

with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  James  H.  Morton. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.: — 

1.  A  Dissertation,  Lucius  Lyon. 

2.  A  Dissertation.     -  -    William  J.  Gatling. 


406  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

1845. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Eli  Thayer. 

2.  The  true  Culture  of  tbe  Moral  Sentiments  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  Haskell. 

3.  The  Basis  of  true  Soul-Liberty:  —  A  Dissertation.  William  H.  Eaton. 

4.  Unity  of  Opinion,  not  Attainable   and  not  Desirable:  —  An   Oration   of  the 

Second  Class.  David  B.  Ford. 

5.  The  Influence  of  National  Song  :  —  A  Dissertation.  Thomas  S.  Drowne. 

6.  The  Progress  of  American  Art:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  H.  Fuller. 

7.  The  Influence  of  a  Belief  in  Man's  Immortality,  upon  Literature  :  —  A  Disser 

tation.  Solon  W.  Bush. 

8.  The  Importance  of  a  Right  Direction  in  Social  and  Philanthropic  Efforts  :  —  A 

Dissertation.  James  Andem. 

9.  Loyalty  in  a  Republic  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.       James  M.  Keith. 

10.  The    Effects   of  widely  extended   Territory   upon   National    Character:  —  An 

Oration  of  the  First  Class  George  Parks. 

11.  The  First  Age  of  English  Literature  :  — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  F.  Hansell. 

1 2.  The  Leading  Theories  in  Geology : — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    Isaac  F.  Cady. 

13.  The  Rise  of  British  Commerce  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Marshall  Woods. 

14.  The  Classical  Oration  :  —  The  Age  of  Longinus.  James  M.  Symonds. 

15.  TKe  Philosophical  Oration  :  —  The  Results  of  the  Baconian  Philosophy. 

John  D.  E.  Jones. 

16.  The  Life  of  the  Man  of  Genius  :  —  An  Oration  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Charles  J.  Muenscher. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.:  — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class  Levi  W.  Meech. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  -        Cyrus  Knowlton. 

3.  A  Dissertation.  P^dwin  M.  Snow. 

4.  A  Dissertation.        -  Joseph  E.  Putnam. 

1846. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.       -  -       Franklin  J.  Dickman. 

2.  The  Influence  of  Public  Libraries  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Elisha  C.  Mo  wry. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  407 

3.  The  Spirit  of  Chivalry  in  our  own  Ago  :  —  An  Essay.       -     James  C.  Fletcher. 

4.  The  Existing  School  of  English   Humorists  :  — An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

William  W.  Pearce. 

5.  "  Non  omnis  moriar"  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.     Francis  Wayland. 

6.  Hero  Worship  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -     Samuel  S.  Cox. 

7.  The  Manufactures  of  New  England  :  —  A  Dissertation.          Thomas  C.  Greene. 

8.  The  Doom  of  the  Jewish  Kace  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Benjamin  B.  Babbitt. 

9.  The  Political  Destinies  of  Italy  :  —  An  Essay.  William  Goddard. 

10.  The  Equality  of  Human  Destiny:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Raymond  Lopez. 

11.  The  Restoration  to  Italy  of  her  Works  of  Art :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  F.  Chapin. 

12.  Prospective  Results  of  Pacific  Relations  between  England  and  America  :  —  An 

Intermediate  Oration.         -  -        Aaron  W.  Chaffin. 

1 3 .  Faith,  the  Basis  of  great  Actions : — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    Thomas  Durfee. 

14.  The  Classical  Oration:  —  The  Power  of  the  Ancient  Classics,  as  tested  at  the 

Revival  of  Learning.        -  -       Stephen  Waterman. 

15.  The  Philosophical  Oration:  —  The  Philosophy  of  the  Schoolmen. 

Frank  W.  Anthony. 

16.  The    Friendships   of  Men  of  Letters:  —  An    Oration;    with    the   Valedictory 

Addresses.  Henry  I.  Coe. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.:  — 

1.  An  Intermediate  Oration.       -  -       Judson  Benjamin. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Ebenezer  Dawes. 

3.  A  Dissertation.     -  -  Francis  E.  Prevaux. 

4.  A  Dissertation.  Calvin  H.  Topliff. 

5.  A  Dissertation.     -  -        James  S.  Rogers. 

6.  An  Essay.  Thomas  P.  I.  Goddard. 

7.  An  Essay.    -  Nathaniel  W.  Metcalf. 

8.  An  Essay.  -    Henry  L.  Rider. 

1847. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  -        Phineas  Howe. 

2.  The  Learning  of  the  Arabians:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.        George  Capron. 

3.  Want  of  National  Spirit  in  American  Literature  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Nicholas  Hathaway. 


408  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

4.  The  Sources  of  the  Scholar's  Power  :  —  An  Essay.  Charles  J.  Bowen. 

5.  International  Charity  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     -      James  P.  Boyce. 

6.  Romance  of  Uncivilized  Life  :  —  An  Essay.  Charles  M.  Allin. 

7.  The  Permanence  of  English  Civilization  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Edwin  Dibell. 

8.  The  Victories  of  War  and  the  Victories  of  Peace  :  —  A  Poem. 

Samuel  H.  Judson. 

9.  The  Judiciary,  as  affected  by  National  Character:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class,  Thomas  H,  Ripley, 

10.  Spanish  Colonization  in  America :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Thomas  S.  Anthony. 

11.  The  Eloquence  of  Silence  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.       -       Joshua  J.  Ellis. 

12.  The  Scientific  Artizan  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.        -       Elijah  B.  Stoddard. 

13.  The  Emigrations  of  our  own  and  of  earlier  Ages: — An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Cyrus  Garnsey. 

14.  Utilitarian  Education:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.          Reuben  A.  Guild 

15.  The  Classical  Oration:  —  The  Poetic  Character  of  the  early  Roman  Annals. 

Ambrose  P.  S.  Stuart. 

16.  The  Philosophical  Oration  :  —  The  Academy  of  Plato.  George  P.  Fisher. 

17.  The    Scepticism   of  Men  of  Science:  —  An    Oration;    with   the    Valedictory 

Addresses,  Francis  W.  Weston. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. :  — 

1.  A  Dissertation.  -  -       Henry  S.  Baker. 

2.  A  Dissertation.  Albert  H.  Campbell. 

3.  A  Dissertation.  -  -    Benjamin  Thomas. 

4.  An  Essay.  James  W.  Lathrop. 

1848. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  James  E.  Leach. 

2.  The  Relation  of  the  Author  to  his  Age  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Thomas  B.  Barnaby. 

3.  The  Social  and  Moral  Results  of  the  increased  Facilities  of  Communication  :  — 

An  Essay.  -        Joseph  H.  Bourn. 

4.  The  Mission  of  St.  Patrick  to  Ireland  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Samuel  B.  Vernon. 

5.  Architecture  as  an  Exponent  of  a  Nation's  Character  :  —  A  Dissertation. 

Augustus  Hoppin. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  409 

6.  The  New  Netherlander  and  their  Descendants:  —  A  Dissertation. 

George  Wolford. 

7.  Civil  Freedom  dependent  upon  pure  Christianity:  —  A  Dissertation. 

James  W.  Smith. 

8.  The  Treatment  of  the  Insane  : — A  Dissertation.    -  -    George  S.  Taft. 

9.  The  Remote  Connections  of  Events:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Nehemiah  A.  Leonard. 

10.  Florence  in  the  Middle  Ages  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.     Pendleton  Murrah. 

11.  The  Classical  Oration:  —  The  Elysium  of  the  Ancient  Mythology. 

Lafayette  Burr. 

12.  The  Ideal  and  the  Real  in  the  Life  of  the  Scholar  :  —  An  Oration. 

James  E.  Leach. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. :  — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.        -  Samuel  Breck. 

2.  The  Valedictory.  -       Jeremiah  0.  Carr. 

3.  A  Dissertation.  Joseph  B.  Clark. 

4.  An  Essay.  Warren  B.  Clapp. 

5.  A  Dissertation.  George  G.  Curtiss. 

6.  An  Essay.  -      Miner  Frink. 

7.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  Onslow  Hemenway. 

8.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.     -  -     Jonathan  Mabbitt. 

9.  The  Philosophical  Oration,  Alfred  F.  Wilder. 

1849. 

1.  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  -      William  E.  Tolman. 

2.  Faith  in  Social  Progress:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  William  H.  Mills. 

3.  The  Congress  of  1774  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  William  H.  Alden. 

4.  Religion  as  an  Element  of  Poetry  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Horatio  Gray, 

5.  The  English  Race  in  America  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

James  II.  Duncan. 

6.  The  Historical  Dramas  of  Shakspeare  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Julian  Hartridge. 

7.  The  Prospects  of  Italian  Freedom  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Thomas  D.  Robinson. 

8.  The  Uses  of  the  Imagination  in  Philosophy  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Rowland  Hazard. 
52 


410  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

9.     Socialism  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.  -       Lloyd  Morton. 

10.  The  Saxons  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  II :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

William  R.  Brownell. 

11.  The  Christians  of  the  High  Alps:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Hem  an  L.  Wayland. 

12.  The  Scholar  in  the  Fourteenth  and  in  the  Nineteenth  Century:  —  An  Oration 

of  the  First  Class.  -     Benjamin  F.  Thurston. 

13.  The  Philosophical  Oration  :  —  The  Relations  of  Speculative  Philosophy  to  Active 

Life.  Adin  B.  Underwood. 

14.  The  Classical   Oration:  —  Roman   Pride   of    Country  as    exhibited   in   Roman 

Literature.  -       James  Tillinghast. 

15.  Modern  Ideas  of  Genius:  —  An  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

James  B.  Angell. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. :  — 

1 .  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -  John  M.  Francis. 

2.  A  Dissertation.  -     Luther  R.  Long. 

3.  A  Dissertation.    -  John  G.  Loring. 

4.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  Isaac  N.JTourtellott. 

5.  An  Essay.  Caesar  A.  Updike, 

1850. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  George  E.  Allen. 

2.  Logic  and  Wit :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.     -  Erastus  Worthington. 

3.  Brahminism :  —  A  Dissertation.    -  -        Stephen  W.  Price. 

4.  The  Revolutionary  Leader:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.         Edward  L.  Pierce. 

5.  The  Office  of  Poet-Laureate:  —  An  Intermediate  Oration.     John  W.  Kennady. 

6.  The  Early  Legislation  of  New  England  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

James  Brown. 

7.  Hallowed  Ground  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class,        -       Charles  E.  Aaron. 

8.  Fidelity  to  the  Constitution  in  Public  Men  :  —  An  Intermediate  Oration. 

Henry  C.  Rice. 

9.  The  Newspaper  Press:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Alvah  W.  Godding. 

10.  The  Prometheus  of  the  Grecian  Drama  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Henry  F.  Lane. 

11.  Humility  in  the  Character  of  the  Philosopher  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

George  N.  Anthony. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  411 

12.     The  Monastic  Scholar:  —  An  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

James  0.  Murray. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. : — 

1.  An  Intermediate  Oration.  John  Morris. 

2.  An  Intermediate  Oration.       -  Jesse  H.  Buck. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -       Samuel  A.  Simpson. 

1851. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  -       Hamilton  B.  Staples. 

2.  Diversities  in  the  Estimation  of  Character:  —  An  Oration.     Emmons  P.  Bond. 

3.  The  Loyalists  of  the  American  Revolution  :  —  An  Oration.      John  S.  Brayton. 

4.  The  Culture  of  the  Sensibilities  as  a  Part  of  Education  :  —  An  Oration. 

Brainard  W.  Barrows. 

5.  The  Literary  Characters  of  Carlyle  and  Macaulay  :  —  An  Oration. 

James  B.  Simmons. 

6.  Physics  and  Metaphysics  :  —  An  Oration.  Uriah  Thomas. 

7.  The  Taste  for  Politics  among  the  American  People  :  —  An  Oration. 

Frederic  Mott. 

8  The  Claims  of  Common  Sense  :  —  An  Oration.        -         -        Edwin  H.  Heard. 

9.  The  Taste  for  the  Beautiful :  —  An  Oration.                               Asa  M.  Williams. 

10.  Passion  —  An  Element  of  Genius:  —  An  Oration.  -      Simeon  B.  Durfee. 

11.  The  Perils  of  American  Civilization:  —  An  Oration.  Daniel  J.  Glazier. 

12.  The  Living  Principle  of  Literature  : — The  Classical  Oration.    Jeremiah  L.  Diman. 

13.  Philosophical  Views  of  History  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.      Alfred  Lawton. 

14.  The  true  Fruits  of  Scholarship :  —  An  Oration ;    with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Kicbard  Metcalf. 

This  was  the  first  Commencement  after  the  introduction  of 
the  so  called  "New  System."  It  was  held  July  9,  and  the  follow 
ing  year  it  was  held  July  14,  after  which  the  time  was  restored 
to  the  "  first  Wednesday  in  September." 

1852. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Nathan  W.  Moore. 

2.  The  Influence  of  Climate  on  Mental  Development:  —  An  Oration. 

Joseph  C.  Wightman. 


412  BKOWN     UNIVERSITY. 

3.  The  Utilitarian  Philosophy  of  the  Times  :  —  An  Oration.     Johnson  A.  Gardner, 

4.  The  Gladiatorial  Shows  of  Rome  :  —  An  Oration.  Charles  E.  Stephens. 

5.  The  Permanent  Element  of  National  Prosperity  :  —  An  Oration. 

William  H.  Watson. 

6.  The  Republic  of  San  Marino  :  —  An  Oration.     -         -     Frederick  0.  Barstow. 

7.  English  Travellers  in  America  : — An  Oration.  -      Allen  I.  Ormsbee. 

8.  The  Dignity  of  Agricultural  Pursuits:  —  An  Oration.  Miles  J   Fletcher. 

9.  Sincerity  in  Great  Men  :  —  An  Oration.  -        Clarendon  Waite. 

10.  The  Buried  Cities  of  the  East :  —  An  Oration.     -  Thomas  F.  Richardson. 

11.  Jerusalem  and  its  Associations  :  —  An  Oration.  Edward  S.  Atwood. 

12.  The  Influence  of  the  Supernatural:  —  An  Oration.  George  D.  Boardman. 

13.  Virtue  an  essential  Element  of  true  Patriotism  :  —  An  Oration. 

William  H.  Dickinson. 

14.  The  Tendencies  of  Grecian  Mythology  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Alexander  Farnum. 

15.  The  Unity  of  History:  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.  Samuel  Brooks. 

16.  Humanity  in  Literature  :  —  An  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Lucius  W.  Bancroft. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. :  — 

1.  An  Oration.  -         George  A.  Allen. 

2.  An  Oration.  -  William  M.  Brooke. 

3.  An  Oration.  Ebenezer  W.  Bloom. 

4.  An  Oration.  -  -     Charles  H.  Parkhurst. 

5.  An  Oration.  -    Alfred  B.  Satterlee. 

6.  An  Oration.  -  -       Grenville  S.  Stevens. 

1853. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  Edward  T.  Caswell. 

2.  The  Popular  Patronage  of  Literature  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Eaton  W.  Maxcy,  Jr. 

3.  The  Historical  Associations  of  the  Tower  of  London  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Lewis  E.  Smith. 

4.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Monasteries  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

De Witt  C.  Brown. 

5.  Written  and  Spoken  Oratory  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Asa  Arnold. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  413 

6.  Will  —  the  True  Destiny  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Samuel  D.  Cozzens. 

7.  The  Language  of  Emblems:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

George  D.  Henderson. 

8.  The  Prospects  of  Chinese  Civilization  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Howard  M.  Jones. 

9.  The  Intellectual  Benefits  of  Scientific  Studies  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  Westcott. 

10.  The  Natural  Motors:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  Alexander  L.  Hollcy. 
1.1.  The  Conflicts  of  Popular  Opinion  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Jared  M.  Heard. 

12.  The  Supernatural  Characters  of  Shakespeare  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Osborn  E.  Bright. 

13.  The  Commercial  Spirit  of  the  Age  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  Sanderson,  Jr, 

14.  The  Claims  of  a  True  Philosophy:  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

William  H.  Kingsbury. 

15.  The  Extinction  of  Classical  Paganism  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Francis  M.  McAllister. 

16.  The  Power  of  Personal  Character  :  —  An  English  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.       -  -       Frank  S.  Bradford. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. :  — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -  Henry  H.  Burrington. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  George  F.  Kilton. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -  -      Charles  T.  Miller. 

4.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Isaac  M.  Murdock. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  -      Leonard  B.  Pratt. 

6.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  George  H.  Woods. 

1854. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Edward  P.  Taft. 

2.  The  Civil  Code  of  Napoleon  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Everett  A.  Carpenter. 

3.  The  Aggressive  Policy  of  Russia  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Alexander  M.  Higgins. 

4.  Commerce  —  A  Pledge  of  International  Peace:  —  An   Oration   of  the   First 

Class.         ...  ....        Charles  H.  Thompson. 


414  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

5.  The  Ideal  of  the  American  Drama  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

John  Goforth. 

6.  The  Last  Days  of  Schiller:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Edward  L.  Davis. 

7.  The  Exile  of  the  French  Acadians  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Harris  R.  Greene. 

8.  The  Romance  of  King  Arthur  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Henry  C.  Parsons. 

9.  American  Forensic  Tastes  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

George  P.  Upton. 

10.  The  Genius  of  Richard  Baxter  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Bartlett  Mayhew,  Jr. 

11.  The  Power  of  Devotion  to  Principle  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  W,  Vernon. 

12.  The  Popular  Element  of  Christianity  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Thomas  Vernon. 

13.  American  Loyalty:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class       -     Walter  Hillman,  Jr. 

14.  The  Martyr  Spirit :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.       -      Julius  E.  Johnson. 

15.  The  Prophetic  Power  5f  Historical  Philosophy  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Horatio  N.  Slater,  Jr. 

16.  Classical  Scholarship  —  An  Element  of  the  Power  of  the  Orator:  —  The  Classical 

Oration.  William  B.  Carpenter. 

17.  The    Contemplative    Scholar:- — An    English   Oration;    with   the    Valedictory 

Addresses.  -       Benjamin  Braman. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz. : — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  George  B.  Cargill. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.      -  -       Alexander  W.  Couper. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Dormer  L.  Hicock. 

4.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Henry  W.  Johnston. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -       Enos  Hunger. 

6.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Nathaniel  Pool,  Jr. 

7.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Samuel  A.  Read. 

8.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -       John  H.  Rogers. 

9.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -       Amos  D.  Smith,  Jr. 

10.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  Thomas  H.  Tucker. 

11.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  Albert  G.  Utley. 
VI.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -                                       -     Jared  I.  Williams. 
13.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Charles  H.  Zug. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  415 

After  this  year  the  names  of  those  who  were  excused  from 
speaking  are  omitted  in  the  original  PROGRAMMES. 

1855. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  William  G.  Dearth. 

2.  The  Daimonion  of  Socrates  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Richard  F.  Putnam, 

3.  The  last  Days  of  Copernicus:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  F.  Holbrook. 

4.  The  Use  of  the  Imagination  in  Geological  Studies  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Theodore  D.  Warren. 

5.  The  Uses  and  the  Abuses  of  Biography  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

James  W.  Brooks. 

6.  Literature  —  A  Solace  in  Sorrow:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Morris  B.  Morgan. 

7.  Failures  in  Science  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  Cortland  Hoppin. 

8.  Theodore  Korner,  the  Hero-Poet:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Horatio  Rogers,  Jr. 

9.  The  Power  of  Names  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Charles  Turner. 

10.  The  Turkish  Power  in  Europe  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  D.  Williams. 

11.  The  Fiction  of  Lethe  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.       Thomas  Simons,  Jr. 

12.  Professional  Enthusiasm,   an  Element  of  Success :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Charles  Phelps. 

13.  Young  America  :  — A  Poem.     -  Marcus  Waterman. 

14.  Comte's  Law  of  Progress  in  Philosophy:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Albert  H.  Plumb. 

15.  The  Literary  Influence  of  the  English  Bible  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  B.  Paine. 

16.  Misanthropy  of  Byron  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  John  F.  Tobey. 

17.  Ecclesiastical  Architecture  and   Religious  Faith:  —  An   Oration   of  the  First 

Class.  -    '  Joseph  D.  Long. 

18.  Aristotle  and  the  Schoolmen  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.      William  J.  Batt. 

19.  The  Civilizing  Influence  of  the  Olympic  Games  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

William  H.  Pabodie. 

20.  The  Political  Obligations  of  Educated  Men:  —  An  English  Oration;  with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.  Joseph  W.  Congdon. 


416  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

This  is  the  last  Commencement  at  which  Dr.  Wayland  pre 
sided.  At  the  close  of  the  exercises  Chancellor  Tobey,  in  behalf 
of  the  Corporation,  addressed  the  alumni  and  friends  of  the 
University,  and  also  the  retiring  President,  reviewing  his  long 
and  faithful  services,  and  stating  the  action  of  the  Corporation  in 
in  regard  to  his  resignation. 

1856. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  George  L.  Stedman. 

2.  The  Influence  of  Physical  Causes  on  New  England  Character. 

Charles  H.  Wood. 

3.  The  Fitness  of  Military  Commanders  for  Civil  Office.  Charles  Blake. 

4.  The  Reverses  of  Lamartine.  -       Oliver  S.  Westcott. 

5.  The  Modern  Spirit  of  Intolerance.  -     Samuel  L.  Crocker,  Jr. 
G.     The  Literary  Associations  of  the  Mediterranean.     -         -    John  E.  Tourtellotte. 

7.  Cooper's  American  Novels.      -  Henry  C.  Ford. 

8.  Commerce  and  Civilization.  -       Nicholas  B.  Bolles. 

9.  The  Mutual  Relations  of  Spain  and  America.  William  B.  Crocker. 

10.  Ancient  and  Modern  Methods  of  Philosophical  Investigation.      Charles  H.  Alden. 

11.  The  Moral  Influence  of  Esthetic  Culture.  -     Benjamin  L.  Ray. 

12.  The  Personal  Responsibilities  of  the  American  Citizen.        James  M.  Cutts,  Jr. 

13.  Milton  —  The  Advocate  of  Intellectual  Freedom.  Ezra  H.  Heywood. 

14.  The  Educating  Power  of  Physical  Science.       -  Nathaniel  G.  Bonney. 

15.  Franklin  before  the  House  of  Commons  in  1766.  Francis  W.  White. 

16.  Patriotism  in  Literature:  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.      -  Richard  Olney. 

17.  The  Form  and  the  Spirit  of  sound  Literary  Culture:  —  An  English  Oration; 

with  the  Valedictory  Addresses.  Charles  B.  Goff. 

This  is  the  first  Commencement  at  which  Dr.  Sears  presided. 

1857. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  -       George  Tanner. 

2.  The  Fairy  Mythology  of  England:  —  An  Oration.  George  W.  Carr. 

3.  Modern  Scientific  Defenders  of  Christianity :  —  An  Oration.     George  H.  Marston. 

4.  Pascal  at  Port  Royal :  —  An  Oration.  Elisha  S.  Aldrich. 

5.  The  Reality  of  Fiction  :  —  An  Oration.  Alexander  T.  Britton. 

6.  The  Moorish  Conquerors  of  Granada  :  —  An  Oration.        -        Frederick  Paine. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  417 

7.  The  Social  Condition  of  France  :  —  An  Oration.  -       Thomas  Dean. 

8.  Heathen  Prophecies  of  Christianity:  —  An  Oration.  Aaron  C.  Lyon. 

9.  The  Sacred  Places  of  New  England:  —  An  Oration.     -       Samuel  C.  Eastman. 

10.  The  True  Aim  of  Art :  —  An  Oration.  Robert  II.  Ives,  Jr. 

11.  The  Development  of  Milton's  Genius:  —  An  Oration.       -      John  B.  Brackett. 

12.  The  Classical  Oration  in  Greek.  Edward  W.  Clarke. 

13.  The  Historic  Imagination  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.      -      Daniel  Goodwin. 

14.  The  Scholar's  Sympathy  with  his  Age  :  —  An  Oration  ;   with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.        -  -       Edward  H.  Cutler. 

1858. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  -       Arnold  Green. 

2.  True  Success:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Leander  C.  Manchester. 

3.  The  Pleasures  of  Mathematical  Studies  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  G.  Silliman. 

4.  The  Last  Gladiatorial  Show  of  Rome  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  L.  Snow. 

5.  Monumental  History:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Aaron  H.  Nelson. 

6.  Literary  Labors  in  Old  Age  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  G.  Saiford. 

7.  Chemistry, — A  Detector  of  Crime:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Alfred  North. 

8.  The  Madonna, — A  Subject  for  the  Painter:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Edward  M.  Gushee. 

9.  The  Conversion  of  Constantino  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Robert  Millar. 

10.  The  Worship  of  the  Nile  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.     Walter  B.  Noyes. 

11.  William  the  Conqueror,  and  William  the  Deliverer:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  -  .       -  Howard  M.  Emerson. 

12.  The  Recreations  of  Professional  Life  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  W.  Abbott. 

13.  The  Permanence  of  Literature  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Francis  Mansfield. 

14.  The  Imagination  of  the  North  American  Indian:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  -     Moses  Lyman,  Jr. 

15.  The  Claims  of  Eloquence  on  the  American  Scholar  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  -      Charles  L.  Colby. 

16.  Art, — A  Religious  Teacher  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Solon  W.  Stevens. 
53 


418  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

17.  The  Nobility  of  Intellect : — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.   Robert  B.  Chapman. 

18.  Faust, — The  Reflection  of  Goethe's  Character  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  B.  Phillips. 

19.  The  Dionysia:  —  The  Classical  Oration,  in  Greek.        -  Eliab  W.  Coy. 

20.  The  Philosophy  of  Spinoza: — The  Philosophical  Oration.         Samuel  Thurber. 

21.  The  Unrecognized  Power  of  Character:  —  An  Oration  ;    with  the  Valedictory 

Addresses.  Joseph  H.  Gilmore. 

1859. 

1 .  Latin  Salutatory.  Walter  M.  Potter. 

2.  Elxcessive  Tendencies  to  Association  :  —  x\n  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Albert  K.  Potter. 

3.  The  Shrine  of  Canterbury  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Charles  H.  Perry. 

4.  The  Versatility  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Adoniram  B.  Judson. 

5.  The  Illustrative  Arts:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.        Lucius  S.  Bolles. 

6.  The  Tower  of  London  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.       Silas  P,  Holbrook 

7.  The  Venetian  Dominion  of  the  Sea  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

William  I).  King. 

8.  The  Social  Satire  of  Thackeray  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

George  L.  Porter. 

9.  The  Victories  of  Peace  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.      Charles  M.  Smith. 

10.  A  Knowledge  of  History  necessary  to  the  Reformer :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second 

Class.      -  Frederick  D.  Ely. 

11.  The  Friendship  of  Goethe  and  Schiller:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Elnathan  Judson. 

12.  The  Position  of  Power :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Timothy  W.  Bancroft. 

13.  The  Future  of  the  Slavic  Race  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  H.  Brown. 

14.  The  Melancholy  of  Cowper  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  T.  Poinier. 

15.  Latin  —  The  Language  of  Scholars:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

David  Weston. 

16.  The  Decline  of  Imagination  in  Old  Age  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Thomas  F.  Tobey. 

17.  The  Scholar's  Sentiment  of  Veneration  for  the  Past: —  An  Oration;  with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses. William  W.  Keen,  Jr. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  419 

The  valedictory  honors  of  the  Class  were  awarded  by  the 
Faculty  to  Edward  Lawton  Barker,  of  Newport,  who  declined 
them  for  the  same  reason  that  the  class  of  1835  refused  to 
become  candidates  for  degrees. 

1860. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  -       Horace  S.  Bradford. 

2.  The  Eloquence  of  Political  Revolutions:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Fir^t  Class. 

Granville  S.  Abbott. 

3.  The  Author's  Dependence  on  the  Public  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Benjamin  F.  Pabodie. 

4.  The  Youth  of  Milton  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.      William  Grosvenor,  Jr. 

5.  New  England  Character  developed  by  Local  Causes  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Robert  G.  Johnson. 

6.  Arabian  Fiction  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  George  W.  Hall. 
1,     Monumental  Testimony  to  the  Historic  Truth  of  the  Scriptures:  —  An  Oration 

of  the  First  Class.    -  -    Wayland  Hoyt. 

8.  The  Battle  Fields  of  the  Po  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Henry  J.  Spooner. 

9.  The  Creative  Power  of  Writers  of  Fiction  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Francis  M.  Pond. 

10.  The  Law  of  Intellectual  Sacrifice  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  K.  Porter. 

11.  The  Organizing  Power  of  a  Principle:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Adoniram  J   Gordon. 

12.  The  Social  Discipline  of  College  Life  : —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Howard  M.  Rice. 

13.  The  Classical  Oration  in  Greek.  -        James  D.  Perry,  Jr. 

14.  Healthy  Scepticism:  —  The  Philosophical  Oration.  -     Samuel  W.  Duncan. 

15.  The    Philosophic    Method    of    Study:  —  An    Oration;    with   the    Valedictory 

Addresses.  Franklin  B.  Gamwell. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.: — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Martin  Bennett,  Jr. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  Joseph  G.  Chapman. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -        George  W.  Ketcham. 


420  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

4.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  John  S.  Larwill. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  William  M.  Ledwith. 

6.  An  Oradon  of  the  First  Class.      -  Horace  G.  Miller. 

7.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  -       Frederick  A.  Mitchel. 

8.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -        John  Whipple,  Jr. 

The  practice  adopted  in  1855,  of  omitting  from  the  PROGRAMMES 
the  names  of  those  who  are  excused  from  speaking,  seems  to  have 
been  departed  from  this  year,  and  also  the  two  years  immediately 


following. 


1861. 


1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Albert  N.  Drown. 

2.  The  Immortality  of  Literature  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  ("lass. 

George  M.  Daniels. 

3.  Heroic  Ignorance  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  George  A.  Holbrouk. 

4.  Truth  of  Manner  in  Literature  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class, 

Elisha  C.  Mowry. 

5.  The  Oratory  of  Henry  Clay  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.      John  J.  Ely. 

6.  The  Justifiablencss  of  War:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  E.  Hosmer. 

7.  Charles  Dickens,  —  A  Reformer  of  Legal  Abuses:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Henry  M.  Levering. 

8.  The  Poetry  of  the  Legends  of  King  Arthur:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  H.  Lincoln. 

9.  The  Dignity  of  the  Mechanic  Arts:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

Stephen  A.  Cooke,  Jr. 

10.  Sir  Walter  Scott, — The  Painter  of  Chivalry  : —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Frank  H.  Carpenter. 

11.  Naval  Supremacy: —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  John  K.  Buoklyn. 

12.  The  Brahmin  Caste  of  New  England  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  S.  Burrage. 

13.  The  Lnve  of  Old  Books  : — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    Sumner  U.  Shearman. 

14.  The   Confessions  of  Augustine  and  of  Rousseau  :  —  An  Oration   of  the   First 

Class.  William  W.  Douglas 

15.  Patriotic  Scholarship:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Charles  M.  Stead. 

16.  The  Purity  of  the  Ideal  of  Christianity, — An  Evidence  of  its  Divine  Origin  :  — 

The  Philosophical  Oration.  Edward  0.  Stevens. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  421 

17.  The  Tragic  Element  in  Greek  Thought :  —  The  Classical  Oration 

William  H.  Randall. 

18.  The  Evils  of  Self-Consciousness  : — An  Oration  ;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses, 

Isaac  B    Barker 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.  :— 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -      Charles  D.  (1ady. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     -  -    Charles  H.  Chapman. 
8.      An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.        -  Thomas  H.  Edsall. 

4.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  •     Charles  H.  Hidden. 

5.  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  -  George  0.  Hopkins. 

6.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -  -        Charles  Matteson. 

7.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Alfred  D.  Thomas. 

8.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Washington  B.  Trull. 

9.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class,  James  C.  Williams. 

At  the  time  of  the  final  examinations  and  the  assignment  of 
parts,  the  following  members  of  the  Class  were  absent  from  Col 
lege  serving  as  volunteers  in  the  army  of  the  United  States ; 
they  were  therefore  not  appointed  to  speak:  — 

James  A.  DeWolf,  *Leland  D.  Jenckes,  Frederick  M.  Sackett. 

William  W.  Hoppin,  Jr.,          John  W.  Rogers, 

1862. 

1 .  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Henry  F.  Colby. 

2.  National  Policy  determined  by  Commercial  Interest:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  Josiah  R   Goddard. 

3.  Modern  Lay  Preachers:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class,     f  Frank  W.  Draper. 

4.  The  Originality  of  Shakspeare  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Isaac  H.  Saunders. 

5.  The  Ministry  of  Science  to  Human  Life  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  D.  Thurston. 

6.  The  Conflict  of  Opinion  and  Interest :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  C,  Carr. 

7.  The  Poetry  of  Popery :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class,     t  George  T.  Woodward. 

*  Wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  Manassas. 

t  Enlisted  in  the  army  after  preparing  his  Oration. 


422  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

8.  The  Patriotic  Influence  of  National  Monuments:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.      -  -      William  D.  Martin. 

9.  De  Gasparin's  Sympathy  with  the  United  States :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class  -        Lucius  H.  Niles. 

10.  The  Artistic  Aspirations  of  Raphael:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  E.  Lester. 

11.  The  Physical  Conditions  of  Poetical  Productiveness:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  *  William  I.  Brown. 

12.  The  Rewards  of  Authorship  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Thomas  L.  Angell. 

13.  The  Perpetuated  Growths  of  Early  Years  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Francis  A.  Daniels. 

14.  The  Sanctuaries  of  Decaying  Language  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Josiah  N.  Gushing. 

15.  The  Spontaneous  Nature  of  Morality  :: — The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Thomas  B.  Stockwell. 

16.  The  Origin  of  the  Classic  Myths:  —  The  Classical  Oration.     Frederic  Sherman. 

17.  The  Scholar's  Relations  to  Humanity:  —  An  Oration;   with  the   Valedictory 

Addresses.  James  H.  Remington. 

Parts  for  Commencement  were  also  assigned  to  the  following 
members  of  the  Class,  who  were  excused  from  speaking,  viz.:  — 

1.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  -       William  M.  Bailey,  Jr. 

2.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    -  David  S.  H.  Smith. 

3.  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Jason  B.  Kelly. 

At  the  time  of  the  final  examinations  and  the  assignment  of 
parts,  the  following  members  of  the  Class  were  absent  from  Col 
lege,  serving  as  volunteers  in  the  army  of  the  United  States ; 
they  were  therefore  not  appointed  to  speak: — 

Joshua  M.  Addeman,  Joshua  Mellen,  Addison  Parker,  Jr. 

1863. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.        -  Charles  C.  Cragin. 

2.  Absolute  Truth  —  The  Life  of  Literature:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  R.  Dorrance. 

*  Enlisted  in  the  army  after  preparing  his  Oration. 


COMMENCEMENT     EXERCISES.  423 

3.  Esprit  de  Corps:  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class.  Frederick  B.  Sears. 

4.  Polish  Nationality  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  Samuel  H.  Pratt. 

5.  The  Gothic  Army-Bible  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Charles  F.  Taylor. 

6.  Spectrum-Analysis:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.  John  H.  Appleton. 

7.  The  Accountability  of  Writers  of  Fiction : — An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Orville  B,  Seagrave. 

8.  Oratory  in  a  Republic  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Daniel  J.  Holbrook. 

9.  The  Labors  of  Erasmus  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.      Frank  D.  Douglass. 

10.  The  Coliseum  and  St.  Peter's  —  Each  a  Type  of  the  Rome  of  its  Day  :  — An' 

Oration  of  the  First  Class,  Oscar  B.  Mowry. 

11.  The  Office  of  the  Semitic  Tongues  in  Human   Culture:  —  An   Oration  of  the 

First  Class.  George  H.  Greene. 

12.  The  Prospects  of  American  Literature  in  case  of  Disunion:  —  An  Oration  of 

the  First  Class.  -      George  W.  Calkins. 

13.  Character  —  A  Power  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Forrest  F.  Emerson. 

14.  The  Bible  in  Modern  Poetry  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  H.  Miner. 

15.  The  Dignity  of  Trifles  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Benjamin  F.  Clarke. 

16.  The  Platonic  View  of  Mathematics  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Henry  S.  Latham,  Jr. 

17.  The  Greek  Temple  —  A  Representative  of  Greek  Life  :  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Denham  Arnold. 

18.  The  Perpetuation  of  College  Discipline  in  after  Life:  —  An  Oration;    with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.  Charles  P.  Robinson. 

1864. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Henry  B.  Miner. 

2.  Diversity  in  the  Forms  of  the  State  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Frank  W.  Love. 

3.  Morality  in  the  Development  of  Genius  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

John  S.  Holmes. 

4.  The  French  and  the  English  Revolutionary  Spirit :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.  -         -  *  Francis  M.  Tyler. 

5.  The  Puritan  Spirit  of  New  England  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  B.  Barrows. 

6.  Competitive  Examinations  for  Public  Place  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Henry  B.  Whitman. 

*  Absent  on  account  of  enlistment  for  one  hundred  days. 


424  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

7.  Leadership  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.        -  -        Luther  White. 

8.  St.  Bartholomew's  Day:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Glass.      Henry  C.  Bowen. 

9.  Swiss  Liberty  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.        -  Ratdiffe  Hicks. 

10.  The  Democratic  Tendencies  of  Commerce  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

«  David  Fales. 

11.  The  Providence  of  God  in  History:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Lewis  F,  Raymond. 

12.  Individuality  essential  to  Success  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Joshua  F.  Ober. 

13.  Literary  Dissipation:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     -     Benjamin  C.  Dean. 

14.  The  Norman  Element  in  English  Civilization  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Amos  Robinson. 

15.  Hawthorne's  Delineation  of  E-irly  New  England  Society:  —  An  Oration  of  the 

First  Class.  George  F.  Jelly. 

16.  The  Significance  of  Preparation  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  H.  Hurlbert. 

17.  The  Argument  of  Success:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  M.  Carpenter,  Jr. 

18.  The  Laws  of  a  Nation  —  an  Exponent  of  its  Religion:  —  An  Oration  of  the 

First  Class.  Frank  T.  Hazlewood. 

19.  The  Utility  of  Scientific  Research  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Samuel  F.  Hancock. 

20.  The  Scotch  Covenanters  as  presented  in  "  Old  Mortality:"  —  An  Oration  of  the 

First  Class.  James  W.  Colwell. 

21.  The  Faust  Legend  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     -      Charles  E   Willard. 
22       The  Uses  of  the  Imagination  in  Scientific  Investigation  :  —  The  Philosophical 

Oration.  Seth  J.  Axtell,  Jr. 

23.  The  Ideal  Man  of  Socrates  :  —  The  Classical  Oration.  Charles  T.  Lazell. 

24.  The  True  Glory  of  a  College:  —  An  Oration;  with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

John  Tetlow,  Jr. 

This  will  be  remembered  as  the  Commencement  immediately 
succeeding  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  University.  President  Sears's  discourse  upon 
this  occasion,  with  an  appendix  and  an  account  of  the  Centennial 
Dinner,  was  published  by  S.  S.  Eider  &  Brother.  It  makes  an 
octavo  volume  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  pages. 


COMMENCEMENT    EXERCISES.  425  ' 

1865. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Minor  R.  Deming. 

2.  The  Consecration  of  Hildebrand  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  H.  Spaulding. 

3.  The  Rome  of  Juvenal :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.      Reuben  M.  Streeter. 

4.  The  Compensations  of  War  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    Caleb  E.  Thayer. 

0.  Instability  of  British  Sentiment  towards  the  United   States:  —  An   Oration  of 

the  First  Class.  Jared  W.  Finney. 

6.  Specific  Aims  in  Education  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     George  W.  Gile. 

7.  Napoleon's  Life  of  Csesar  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  Second  Class. 

James  K.  Lawrence. 

8.  The  Condition  of  the  British  Miner:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Joseph  W.  Rees. 

9.  The  Saracens  in  Europe  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.     Oliver  H.  Arnold. 

10.  The  Novelist  as  a  Teacher  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  D.  U.  Shearman. 

11.  Training  for  Political  Life  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Charles  F.  Easton. 

12.  The  Modern  Spirit  of  Persecution  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class, 

Mark  D.  Shea. 

13.  The  Romantic  Element  in  Early  American  History  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First 

Class.       -  Joseph  E.  Spink. 

14.  Greece  —  the  Home  of  True  Philosophy:  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Richard  M.  Atwater. 

15.  The  Economy  of  Mental  Growth  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

William  H.  Williams. 

16.  The  Historic  Preparations  for  Christianity  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

George  W.  Shaw. 

17.  American  Influence  in  Europe  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class.    Joseph  Ward. 

18.  The  Prophetic  Pledge  of  Unrealized  Ideals  :  —  An  Oration  of  the  First  Class. 

Edward  W.  Pride.    • 

19.  The  Myth  of  Prometheus  Vinctus  :  —  The  Classical  Oration.     Edward  Judson. 

20.  The  Law  of  Self-Sacrifice  :  —  An  Oration  ;    with  the  Valedictory  Addresses. 

Warren  R.  Perce. 

1866. 

1.  The  Salutatory  Oration  in  Latin.  Arnold  B.  Chace. 

2.  The  Slow  Development  of  Correct  Political  Principles.      -     Nelson  N.  Glazier. 

3.  The  Sentiment  of  Disgust.  LaRoy  F.  Griffin. 

54 


426  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

4.  The  Secret  of  Popularity.  Lorin  M.  Cook. 

5.  The  Influence  of  the  New  England  Town-System  on  the  Character  and  Condition 

of  the  American  People.      -  -        George  O.  King. 

6.  Dies  Irse.  Reginald  H.  Howe. 

7.  Literary  Inconstancy.     -  Alexander  D.  Chapin. 

8.  The  Influence  of  Ocean  Life.  -   John  B.  Mustin. 

9.  The  Evils  of  Living  in  Small  Places.  -                  -        James  W.  Blackwood. 

10.  A  Knowledge  of  Men  —  Essential  to  Success.      -         -        Cyrus  B.  Peckham. 

11.  The  Socratic  Method.     -  -        John  J.  Archer. 

12.  Heroic  Doubt.  -      William  H.  Spencer. 

13.  The  Attractiveness  of  Pantheism.    -  John  B.  Peck. 

14.  The  Decline  of  British  Political  Influence.  -       Herbert  C.  Bullard. 

15.  The  Influence  of  French  Philosophy  on  American  Institutions. 

Samuel  H.  Albro. 

16.  Organic  Development  —  The  Universal  Law.  Preston  Gurney. 

17.  Unconscious  Inheritances.  Francis  A.  Gaskill. 

18.  The  Poet  of  "  The  Christian  Year."      -  Emery  H.  Porter. 

19.  Dimly  Seen  Characters  of  History.  Laban  E.  Warren. 

20.  The  Advantages  of  Liberal  Culture  to  Non-Professional  Men.     Henry  H.  Earl. 

21.  The  Poetical  Element  of  Philosophy  :  —  The  Philosophical  Oration. 

Charles  A.  G.  Thurston. 

22.  Aristotle  and  Alexander  —  Teacher  and  Pupil:  —  The  Classical  Oration. 

Cornelius  S.  Sweetland,  Jr. 

23.  The  Thought  of  the  Future, —  An  Incentive  to  Effort:  —  An  Oration;  with  the 

Valedictory  Addresses.       -  -       John  B.  G.  Pidge. 


APPENDIX. 


RESIGNATION   OF   PRESIDENT   SEARS. 


HILE  these  sheets  are  passing  through  the  press,  we  learn 
with  heartfelt  sorrow,  that  Dr.  Sears  has  resigned  the 
Presidency  of  the  University,  having  been  appointed  the  General 
Agent  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  PEABODY  EDUCATIONAL  FUND. 
A  special  meeting  of  the  Corporation,  called  to  act  upon  his 
resignation  and  to  choose  a  successor,  was  held  on  Wednesday, 
April  17,  1867.  Forty-three  members  were  present,  constituting 
the  largest  meeting  ever  held.  Of  the  FELLOWS  who  were  absent, 
Mr.  Alexander  Duncan  was  in  Europe,  and  the  Hon.  Isaac  Davis, 
of  Worcester,  was  detained  at  home  in  consequence  of  indisposi 
tion.  Three  only  of  the  TRUSTEES  were  absent,  viz. :  the  Hon. 
Edward  Mellen,  of  Worcester,  Mr.  Stephen  A.  Chase,  of  Salem, 
and  Mr.  Richard  J.  Arnold,  who  was  in  Georgia.  The  following 
account  of  the  proceedings  of  this  meeting,  together  with  the 
resolutions  adopted,  we  copy  from  the  PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL:  — 

After  President  Sears  retired,  the  Hon.  James  H.  Duncan,  the  senior  member  of 
the  Board  of  Fellows,  took  the  chair. 

The  resignation  of  President  Sears  having  been  accepted,  the  Hon.  William  S. 
Patten  offered  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  :  — 


428  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

WHEREAS,  The  Reverend  Barnas  Sears,  President  of  the  University,  having  been 
appointed  General  Agent  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Educational  Fund 
for  the  benefit  of  the  South  and  Southwestern  States,  recently  instituted  by  George 
Peabody,  Esq.,  which  office  requires  entire  devotion  to  its  duties,  and  considering  the 
magnitude  and  importance  of  its  claims  to  be  paramount,  has  tendered  his  resignation 
of  the  Presidency  of  this  University,  to  take  effect  on  the  day  after  the  next  succeeding 
Commencement,  September  5th  :  — 

RESOLVED,  That  the  Corporation  of  Brown  University  accept  the  resignation  of 
President  Sears  with  the  sincerest  regret. 

RI;SOLVED,  Thut  while  they  release  the  President  from  the  charge  of  this  University 
with  profound  sorrow,  they  cannot  but  admit  the  preeminence  of  the  claims  involved 
in  this  new  appointment,  and  of  his  qualifications  to  fulfill  them. 

RKSOLVED,  That  our  experience  of  those  qualifications  during  his  twelve  years 
administration  of  the  Presidency,  manifested  by  his  piety,  learning  and  suavity,  by 
his  watchfulness  over  the  interests  of  the  University,  his  general  ability  and  his  great 
success,  demands  our  commendation  and  receives  our  gratitude. 

RESOLVED,  That  we  congratulate  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Educational  Fund, 
and  its  noble  and  munificent  founder,  that  in  initiating  their  grand  design  to  disseminate 
universal  knowiedge  and  patriotism,  they  have  secured  so  adequate  an  agent  and 
coadjutor. 

RESOLVED,  That  this  Corporation,  rejoicing  and  sympathizing  with  them,  in  that 
design,  heartily  bid  them  "God  speed  ;  "  and  deeply  as  we  feel  the  sacrifice  we  are 
called  to  make,  we  make  it  as  our  contribution  to  the  same  cause  to  which,  on  a  scope 
less  ample,  our  own  "catholic,  comprehensive  and  liberal  Institution"  has  been  conse 
crated  for  more  than  a  century,  to  wit,  in  the  words  and  spirit  of  our  Charter,  that  of 
"forming  the  rising  generation  to  virtue,  knowledge,  and  useful  literature;  and  thus 
preserving  in  the  community  a  succession  of  men  duly  qualified  for  discharging  the 
offices  of  life  with  usefulness  and  reputation." 

RESOLVED,  As  a  memorial  of  our  affection  and  respect  for  President  Sears,  and  of 
our  interest  in  the  great  purpose  which  he  is  called  from  us  to  promote,  that  these 
resolutions  be  entered  upon  our  records ;  that  a  copy  of  them,  eigned  by  the  Chancellor 
and  Secretary  of  the  University,  be  presented  to  him ;  and  that  a  simihir  copy  be 
communicated  to  George  Peabody,  Esq. 

It  was  voted  that  a  committee  of  three  Fellows  and  five  Trustees  be  appointed  to 
report  a  nomination  for  President.  This  committee,  after  full  deliberation,  unani 
mously  reported  the  name  of  Martin  B.  Anderson,  LL.  D.,  President  of  Rochester 
University,  New  York.  The  vote  was  then  taken,  and  resulted  in  the  unanimous 
choice  of  Dr.  Anderson. 


APPENDIX.  429 

Whereupon  the  Rev.  Dr.  Woods  offered  the  following  resolution  :  — 

RESOLVED,  That  Rev.  Baron  Stow,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Edwards  A.  Park,  D  D .,  and 
S.  S.  Bradford,  Esq.,  with  such  other  three  persons,  from  the  Trustees,  as  may  be 
nominated  by  the  Chancellor,  be  a  committee  to  wait  personally  on  the  President 
elect;  Dr.  M.  B.  Anderson,  and  urgently  solicit  his  acceptance  of  the  Presidency  of 
Brown  University,  to  which  he  has  been  elected  with  entire  unanimity,  and  that  he  be 
requested  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  September  oth,  1867. 

The  President  elect  was  born  in  Bath,  Maine.  He  graduated 
at  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University,  in  1840,  and  after 
having  pursued,  for  a  time,  studies  in  divinity  at  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution,  was  elected  to  the  Professorship  of  Rhetoric 
at  Waterville,  which  office  he  filled  for  seven  years.  He  after 
wards  edited  with  marked  ability  the  NEW  YORK  RECORDER,  the 
organ  of  the  Baptist  denomination  at  the  time  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  In  1853,  he  was  called  to  the  Presidency  of  Rochester 
University,  which  office  he  has  continued  to  fill,  with  rare  ability 
and  with  remarkable  success.  Twenty-one  years  of  his  life  have 
thus  been  devoted  to  the  labors  of  collegiate  education,  so  that 
he  is  eminently  qualified  by  long  experience,  for  the  important 
office  to  which  he  has  been  so  unanimously  elected. 

Before  taking  our  leave  of  President  Sears,  we  may  be  allowed 
to  express  the  universal  regret  that  is  manifest  at  his  resignation, 
especially  on  the  part  of  his  pupils,  by  whom  he  is  everywhere 
regarded  with  almost  filial  love  and  veneration.  In  leaving  an 
office  which  he  has  filled  with  such  distinguished  honor  and 
usefulness  for  the  past  twelve  years,  it  is  pleasant  to  record  the 
unanimity  with  which  he  has  been  appointed  to  a  new  and  more 
important  position  by  men  of  the  highest  eminence  from  all  parts 
of  the  land,  and  to  reflect  that  while  the  University,  and  the 
community  around  it,  for  the  time  being,  lose  by  this  sacrifice, 
the  country  at  large  gains.  It  is  pleasant  also  to  observe  the 
cordial  endorsement  which  this  appointment  receives  from  the 


430  BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 

PRESS.       The   BOSTON   TRANSCRIPT,   in   illustration,    thus   happily 
remarks : — 

Thus  by  a  combination  of  sagacity  and  good  fortune  on  the  part  of  those  having 
the  management  of  the  fund,  the  right  man  has  been  found  for  the  right  place.  Dr. 
Sears,  indeed,  unites  qualities  for  the  position  which,  rare  in  their  separate  excellence, 
are  rarer  still  in  their  harmonious  combination.  He  is  a  scholar  of  large  accomplish 
ments  and  vigorous  talents,  and  at  the  same  time  a  master  of  the  practical  methods  of 
education.  One  of  the  most  indefatigable  of  students,  he  has  none  of  the  bigotry, 
pedantry  and  exclusiveness  which  sometimes  accompany  exceptional  acquirements,  but 
possesses  his  learning  instead  of  being  possessed  by  it.  As  Secretary  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Board  of  Education,  he  amply  proved  his  capacity  to  comprehend  the  wants 
of  the  common  school  system,  and  as  President  of  Brown  University  he  has  shown  no 
less  facility  in  directing  the  studies  of  a  college.  A  man  of  the  highest  moral  and 
religious  character,  keen  in  the  perception  and  resolute  in  the  performance  of  duty, 
honest,  manly  and  intrepid,  he  is  still  so  dispassionate  and  unostentatious  in  his 
conscientiousness,  and  so  simply  bent  on  addressing  the  intellect  and  moral  sense  of 
those  he  desires  to  influence,  that  he  never  stings  their  passions  into  opposition  to  his 
teachings,  nor  rouses  their  willfulness  to  resist  the  reception  of  his  views.  He  has,  in 
short,  all  the  reality  of  force,  without  any  of  its  arrogance. 


INDEX  OF   BENEFACTORS. 


OTE.  The  following  is  simply  an  index  of  the  NAMES  of 
those  persons,  whose  BENEFACTIONS  are  recorded  upon  the 
pages  of  our  work.  For  the  "Commencement  Exercises"  no 
index  is  required,  the  TRIENNIAL  CATALOGUE  giving  the  names  of  all 
graduates  of  the  College,  with  the  year  of  their  graduation. 
The  necessity  for  a  general  index  of  subjects  is  obviated  by  the 
full  table  of  contents  at  the  beginning,  and  by  the  peculiar 
arrangement  of  the  book. 


ABELL,  Joseph,  154 

ABORN,  Benjamin,  273 

ABORN,  Burrows,  257 

ABORX,  Samuel,  258 

ABRAM,  John,  224 

ADAMS,  Martha,  158 

ADAMS,  Seth,  258 
ADAMS,  Seth,  Jr.   94,  273,  301 
326,  335 

ADAMS  &  LOTHROP  257 

ADIE,  Alexander,  258 

ADIE,  A.  F.  328 

ADLAM,  Thomas,  160 

AGITT,  Joseph,  154 

AICKIN,  James,  154 

AIGOIN,  David,  155 

AIGOIN,  Miss,  155 

ALEXANDER,  Robert,  156 

ALL ARD,  Thomas  160 

ALLEN,  Benjamin,  240 


ALLEN,  Bradford,  328 

ALLEN,  Crawford,  328 

ALLEN,  John,  of  Dublin,  155 
ALLEN,  John,  of  London,  159 
ALLEN,  Paul,  239 

ALLEN,  Philip,  258,  326 

ALLEN,  Philip,  Jr.       102,  326 
ALLEN,  Philip  &  Son,  273,  289 
ALLEN,  Samuel, 
ALLEN,  Samuel  P. 
ALLEN,  Stephen  GK 
ALLEN,  Zachariah,      273, 
ALLIN,  Francis, 
ALMY,  Benjamin  R. 
ALMY,  William, 
AMES,  Asa,  257, 

AMES,  Ellis, 
AMES,  James  B. 
AMES,  Samuel,  257 

ANDREWS,  Benjamin,          222 


!  ANDREWS,  James,  239 
I  ANDREWS,  Zephaniah,  240 

ANGELE,  Francis  M.  222 

j  ANGELE,  Philip  M.  222 

ANGELL,  Abraham,  240 

!  ANGELL,  Charles,  240 

I  ANGELL,  Nathan,  239 

ANTHONY,  Henry,  327,  335 

ANTHONY,  Henry  B.  274,  334 


160 

258  I  ANTHONY,  Hezekiah,          327 

333  !  APLIN,  John,  240 

326  j  APPLETON,  Nathan,  327 
154  I  APPLETON,  Samuel,  327 

327  APPLETON,  William,     94,  327 
258 

258 
328 
328 


155 
155 


ARMSTRONG,  John, 
ARMSTRONG,  Robert, 
ARMSTRONG,  Samuel  T.  155 
ARNOLD,  Christopher,  239 
ARNOLD,  Frances  R.  86,94,311 
ARNOLD,  James,  85,  240,  326 


432 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


ARNOLD,  James,  Jr.  240 

ARNOLD,  Jonathan,  239 

ARNOLD,  Joseph,  239 

ARNOLD,  Nathan,  239 

ARNOLD,  Richard  J. 

86,  273,  327 

ARNOLD,  Salmon,  257 

ARNOLD,  Samuel  G.     80,  257  | 
ARNOLD,  Samuel  G. 

94,  326,  332 

ARNOLD,  Thomas,  257  ; 

ARNOLD,  Welcome,  239 

ASHTON,  Thomas,  157  j 

ATCHISON,  John,  156  j 

ATKINS,  Charles,  222  | 

ATKINSON,  John,  155 

ATWELL,  Ichabod,  221  j 

ATWELL,  Moses  M.  258  | 

AXSON,  William,  223  j 

BABBITT,  Jacob,  328  j 

BABCOCK,  Joshua,  318  ! 

BABCOCK  &  Moss,  327 

BACON,  Elijah,  239  I 

BACKUS,  Isaac,      77,  319,  337  j 
BADDELEY,  Susanna,  223  | 

BAGNAL,  Timothy,  156  I 

BAGNAL,  Timothy,  Jr.        156  ] 
BAILEY,  William  M.  335  j 

BALCH,  Joseph,  Jr.  274  ! 

BALCH,  J.  P.  &  Son,  280,  335  : 
BALDWIN,  Thomas,  76  I 

BALL,  Judith,  221 

BALLANTINE,  Susanna,  222 
BALLOU,  C.  A.  274 

BANETT,  John,  159 

BANISTER,  J.  159 

BARCLAY,  D.  &  J.  158 

BARKER,  Peleg,  319 

BARLOW,  Robert,  158 

BARNES,  David  L.  258  ! 

BARROW,  John,  155 

BARRY,  James,  240 

BARSTOW,  Amos  C.     327,  335 
BARKTOW,  John,    86,  273,  327  j 
BARTLETT,  John  R.     285-294 
BARTOL,  Elizabeth  H.          81  ! 
BARTOL,  George  M.  328  ! 

BARTON,  Charles,  159 

BASKERVILLE,  George,  158 
BATCHELLOR,  Richard,  161 
BATTY.  John,  239 

BAYLIES,  William, 

86,  94,  327,  337 
BEAL,  John,  222 

BEAL,  Othniel,  221 

BEALE,  Caleb,  154 

BEALE,  Samuel,  154 

BEATH,  William,  156  i 


BECKMAN,  Nicholas,  158 

BECKAVITH,  Truman,  273,  335 
BEDGEGOOD,  Nicholas,  223 
BEE,  William,  222 

BELL,  Charles,  156 

BELL,  Henry,  156 

BELL,  John,  156 

BELL,  Thomas,  of  Antrim,  156 
BELL,  Thomas,  of  London,  158 
BELKNAP,  Abraham,  239 

BELKNAP,  Jacob,  239 

BELKNAF,  Jeremy,  73 

BELLAMY,  Clement,  158 

BENN,  Elizabeth,  155 

BENNET,  Job,  238,  318,  319 
BENNET,  Thomas,  240 

BENSON,  George,  76 

BEWFEY,  Nehemiah,  161 

BIBLE,  Thomas,  of  Cork,  154 
BIBLE,  Thomas,  of  Dublin,  155 
BILLINGS,  Ethelbert  R.  293 
BINNEY,  Amos,  86 

BIRD,  Francis  W.  328 

BISHOP,  Nathan,  327 

BLACKLEY,  John,  156 

BLAKE,  Ezekiel,  334 

BLAKE,  M.  160 

BLAKE,  William,  327 

BLAND,  Lancelot,  222 

BLAND,  Richard,  222 

BLIGHT,  Caleb,  160 

BLODGET,  William,  257 

BLOOD,  Caleb,  322 

BOLLES,  James  G.  332 

BOLLES,  Lucius,  80,  86,  258 
BOLLES,  Matthew,  334 

BOND,  Thomas,  155 

BOON,  Benjamin,  161 

BOOROM,  Isaac,  257 

BOOTH,  James,  155 

BOOTH,  Thos.,  of  Dublin,  155 
BOOTH,  Thomas,  of  West- 

meath,  157 

BOKDEN,  Jefferson,  332,  333 
BOSWOOD,  Samuel,  222 

BOSWORTH,  Alfred,  328 

BOSWORTH,  A.  &  S.  258 

BoswrORTH,  Lewis,  240 

BOULTON,  William,  155 

BOWDLEAR,  S.  G.  334 

BOWEN,  Ephraim,  257 

BowtN,  Jabez,  Jr.  239 

BOWEN,  John,  85 

BOWEN,  Oliver,  241 

BOWEN,  Tully  D.  327,  334 
BOWEN,  William,  258 

BOWERS,  John,  257 

BOWLES,  Carrington,  159 


j  BOWLES,  John,  158 

I  Box,  Philip,     '  222 

BOYCE,  James  P.  327 

BOYD,  John,  221 

ERASING,  Elizabeth,  155 

BRADLEY,  Charles  S.     94,  327 

BRADFORD,  S.  S.  311 

j  BDADFORD,  Solomon,          240 

'  BRAILSFORD  &  MUNCREEFF, 

221 

BRANCH,  Sanford,  257 

BRANFORD,  Ezekiel,  222 

BRAYTON,  Isaac,  239 

BRENNON,  James,  157 

BRIDGHAM,  Samuel  W. 

86,  258,  273 

BRIMBLE,  John,  160 

BRINE,  Mary,  159 

|  BRISBANE,  James,  222 

i  BRISTOL  EDUCATION  SOCIETY, 

71,  72 

BRITTAIN,  William,  159 

[  BROCK,  Benjamin,  160 

|  BROCKS,  Samuel,  319 

'  BROOKS,  B.  F.  334 

|  BROOKS,  Mrs.  S.  E.  313 

j  BROWN,  Avis,  75 

|  BROWN,  Benjamin  F.          334 
1  BROWN,  Chad,  240 

I  BROWN,  Dexter,  240 

j  BROWN,  Elizabeth,  154 

I  BROWN,  Elizabeth  &  Rebecca, 
160 

BROWN,  George,  239 

BROWN,  Gideon,  240 

BROWN,  Isaac,  274,  327 

BROWN,  James,  86,  257 

BROWN,  Jeremiah,  240 

BROWN,  John,        68,  240,  242 
320,  335 

BROWN,  John,  of  Bristol,  160 
BROWN,  J.,  of  Canterbury,  161 
BROWN,  J.,  of  Waterford,  154 
|  BROWN,  John  Carter,     45,  80 
91,   92,  94,  95-98,  101,   102 
268,  270,  276,  280,  286,  288 
292,  300-302,  326,  332 
|  BROWN  &  IVES,      80,  258,  286 
j  BROAVN,  Joseph,  222,  240 

!  BROWN,  Mary,  238 

i  BROWN,  Molly,  239 

!  BROWN,  Moses,  69,  240 

BROWN,  Nicholas, 

240,  275, 318 

BROWN,  Hon.  Nicholas,  26,  27 
46,  47,  74,  76,  85,  87,  257 
261-270, 273,  300-302,  308- 
310,  323,  328,  335,  337,  338 


INDEX     OF     BENEFACTORS. 


433 


BROWN,  Obadiah,  258 

BROWN,  Phineas,  239 

BROWN,  Richard,  240 

BROWN,  Sarah.,  159 

BROWN,  Thomas,  328 

BROWN,  William,  240 

BRYAN,  Guy,  159 

BRYAN,  Jonathan,  222 

BRYANT,  Caleh,  160 

BRYSON,  James,  155 

BUCKLAND,  Mary,  160 
BUCKNELL,  Margaret  C.  3L2 

BUCKLEY,  Charles,  158 

BULL,  Frederick,  158 

BULL,  Isaac  M.  326 

BULL,  J.  &  F.  159 

BULL,  Thomas,  222 

BULL,  William.  221 

BULLINE,  John,  222 

BULLINE,  William,  222 

BULLIOTT,  Mr.  221 

BULLOCK,  Israel,  258 
BULLOCK,  Julia,  280,  292,  326 

BULLOCK,  Richmond,  257 
BULLOCK,  William  P.  274,  326 

BURCH,  Joseph,  158 

BURDEN,  Francis,  156 

BURDOCK,  Sarah,  160 
BURGES,  Tristam,  80,  258 
BURGES,  Walter  S.  274,  327 

BURGESS,  Ebenezer,  86 

BURGESS,  J.  D.  328 
BURGESS,  Thomas, 

86,  94,  273,  327 
BURGESS,  Thomas  M.          273 

BURHLOE,  Richard,  222 
BURNSIDE,  Ambrose  E. 

292,  334 

BURNSIDE  RIFLE  Co.  292 

BURNSIDE,  John,  159 

BURRILL,  James,  240 

BURRILL,  James,  Jr.  258 

BURROUGH,  James,  240 

BURROWS,  William,  221 

BUSHELL,  S.  155 

BUTLER,  Elizabeth,  158 

BUTLER,  Henry,  292 

BUTLER,  Joseph,  161 

BUTLER,  Samuel,  240 

CAHAEL,  James,  159 

CALDWELL,  S.  A.  334 

CALDWELL,  William,  156 

CAMBRIDGE,  Peter,  154 

CANTY,  John,  223 

CARELY,  John,  160 
CAREY  Av.  BAP.  CHURCH,  334 

CARGILL,  Magnus,  223 

CARLTON,  Francis,  154 

55 


CARLILB,  John, 

CARLILE,  John  S. 

CARLILE,  Thomas, 

CARLTON,  George, 

CARLTON,  Mr. 

CARPENTER,  Joseph, 

CARPENTER,  Lydia,     314- 

CARPENTER,  Thomas  F. 
86, 

CARRINGTON,  Edward,  80, 

CARTER,  John, 

CARVER,  Robert, 

CASWELL,  Alexis,  86,  273, 

CATTLE,  Robert  &  Sarah, 

CH ACE,  George  I.  86,273, 

CHAMPE,  Bean, 

CHAMPION,  J. 

CHAMPION  &  DICKASON, 

CHANDLE,  B. 

CHANDLER,  Benjamin  T. 
j  CHANDLER,  Isaac, 

CHAPIN,  Amory,  94, 

I  CHAPIN,  Henry, 

CHAPIN,  John  F.         280, 

CHAPIN,  Josiah.  273, 

CHAPIN,  Royal, 

CHAPIN,  W*  &  G. 

CHASE,  Hezekiah  S. 

311,  327, 

CHASE,  J.  G. 

CHERRY,  David, 

CHICKLEY,  William, 

CHILD,  John  T. 

GUILDS,  Charles  H. 
|  CHILSON,  Gardner, 
|  CHISNUT,  John, 

CHRISHOLME,  John, 

CHURCH,  AVilliam, 

CHURCH  of  Ashford, 

CHURCH  of  Folkstone, 

CHURCH  of  Hythe, 

CHURCH  of  Smardin, 

CHURCHES  of  Providence, 
103- 

CLARKE,  John, 

CLARKE,  Nicholas, 

CLARKE,  Robert, 

CLARKE,  T.  P. 

CLARKE,  William, 

CLARKE  &  NIGHTINGALE, 

CLARKSON,  William, 

CLASS  of  1821, 

CLEAVELAND,  Ira, 

CLIFFORD,  Benjamin, 

CLIFFORD,  John  H. 

CLUNIE,  Alexander, 

COATES,  Benjamin, 

C  DATES,  William, 


258    COM,  Martin,  223 

257  COBB,  Nathaniel  R,  85 
77  j  CODD,  John,  157 

327  I  COFFIN,  Timothy  G.  86 
159    COLBY,  Gardner*  311,  332,  333 

327    COLHY,  H.  G.  O.  86 

•316    COLK,  Andrew,  240 

COLE,  John,  160 

274    COLGATE,  George,  86 

326  COLGATE,  William,  86 
75    COLLIER,  Richard,  240 

238  COLLINS,  Francis,  160 

327  COLEMAN,  Robert,  160 
222    COLES,  Thomas,  258 

327  COLVIN,  Stephen,  240 
155    COMBES,  Mr.  159 

159  COMSTOCK,  Jesse,  258 
158    CONDER,  John,  158 

160  CONE,  Spencer  H.  86 

258  ;  CONGDON,  Gilbert,  328 

222  i  CONNOR,  Rachel,  155 
273  j  CONVERSE,  Benjamin  B.  334 

328  I  CONVERSE,  James  W.  327,  334 
334  j  CONVERSE,  Joseph  H.  334 
327  |  COOKE,  George,  221 
327  !  COOKE.  James  W.  328 

327  J  COOKE,  Nicholas,  239 
|  COON,  Elizabeth,  221 

334    COOPER,  John,  159 

334  i  CORDS,  Samuel,  221 

160  i  CORLISS,  John,  257 

239  |  CORNISH,  Edward,  161 
258  ]  CORNWALL,  Alexander,  157 

328  !  CORNWALL,  John,  157 
334  :  COTTLE,  Robert,  160 

223  COWLES,  William,  160 
222  i  Cox,  Leader,  159 

257  Cox,  Manuel,  223 

161  J  Cox,  Thomas,  159 
161  !  COY,  Samuel,  240 
161  j  COZZENS,  Benjamin  W.  94 
161    CRANSTON,  Robert  B.  328 

I  CRAWLEY,  T.  159 

104  !  CREIGHTON,  Joseph,  223 

161  !  CREIGHTON,  William,  221 
239  |  CROCKER,  Nathan  B.  109,  258 

221    CROCKER,  Samuel  L.  86 

258  j  CROCKER,  William  A.  86 

158  I  CROCKER  &  BROTHERS,  326 

239  CROMWELL,  Oliver,  221 
221  j  CROSBY,  William  B.  86 
103  !  CROSS,  Ann,  161 
328  ;  CROSS,  William  J.  327 
257  |  CROUCH,  Charles,  221 

86    CROWLY,  Humphry,  154 

159  :  CUMMINGS,  George,  326 

240  CUSHING,  Benjamin,  240 
155  i  CUSHING,  D.  C.  258 


434 


B  R  O  W  N     UNIVERSITY 


CUSHING,  T.  P. 

327 

DUNCAN,  James,                  156 

CUTHBERT,  James, 

222 

DUNCAN,  James  H.     273,  311 

CUTTINS,  William, 

222 

DUNN,  James,                       155 

DANIEL,  Edward, 

160 

DUNN  ELL,  Jacob,         332,  335 

DANSFORD,  Samuel, 

100 

DUNNELL,  Jacob  &  Co.       326 

DARBY,  George, 

158 

DUNNELL,  Thomas  L.           94 

DAVIES,  John, 

223 

DWIGHT,  Gamaliel  L.          274 

DAVIS,  Evan, 

159 

DWIGHT,  Capt.  Gamaliel  L. 

DAVIS,  Isaac,  86,  94,  311, 

326 

312 

332, 

333 

DWYER,  Matthew  O.           154 

DAVIS,  Isaac,  of  Boston, 

87 

DYKH,  Benjamin  and  Charles, 

DAVIS,  John, 

159 

257 

DAVIS,  John  C. 

334 

DYER,  Klisha,        86,  274,  289 

DAVIS,  Prudence, 

158 

292,  335 

DAVIS,  Samuel, 

333 

KARL,  Caleb,                         257 

DAWSON,  Thomas, 

161 

EARLE,  George,                    258 

DAY,  Albert, 

312! 

KAKLE,  Henrv,                     274 

DEANE,  John  R. 

334! 

EARLK,  Oliver,                     258 

DEAVES,  James, 

157| 

EARLE,  William,                   239 

DEMPSEY,  Edward, 

221 

EARLE  &  BRANCH,               258 

DENDY,  Stephen, 

158 

E  ASTON,  Nicholas,                319 

DENNIS,  John, 

154 

EDES,  Henry,                        258 

DEVALL,  Stephen, 

221 

EDDY,  Ezek,                        238 

DEVEREALX,  James, 

222 

EDDY,  Moses,                       257 

DEVROUX,  John, 

154 

EDDY,  Richard,                    240 

DEWETT,  Charles, 

223 

EDDY,  Samuel,                     257 

DEWETT,  William, 

222 

EDDY,  Zachariah,                   86 

DEWITT,  Alexander, 

327 

EDMUNDS,  Gt-orge  D.         334 

DEWITT,  William, 

223 

EDWARDS,  Abel,                  223 

DEWOLF,  James  F. 

328 

KDWAKDS,  E.                         154 

DE  WOLF,  John, 

80 

EDWARDS,  James,                154 

DEWOLF,  William  B. 

328 

EDWARDS,  John,                   159 

DEXTER,  Edward, 

258  ! 

EDWARDS,  Morgan,     147-171 

DEXTER,  Knight, 

239  i 

EDWARDS,  Samuel,              155 

DEXTER.  Samuel, 

258  : 

EDWARDS,  Thomas,             223 

DEXTER   Stephen, 

258 

EDWARDS,  William,            221 

DICKEY,  John, 

222 

EDWARDS,  William,  of  Bristol, 

DIKE,  A.  B. 

327 

160 

DILLON,  Hugh, 

223 

EDYE,  John,                          160 

DIMAN,  Byron, 

327 

ELAM,  Samuel,                     275 

DIXON,  Phil. 

157 

ELDRIDGE,  Mr.                     159 

DIXON,  William, 

154 

ELLIOTT,  Barnard,               221 

DOBBIN,   William, 

154 

ELLIOTT,  John,                     154 

DODGE,  Nehemiah, 

257 

ELLIOTT,  Lemuel  II.            274 

DORR,  Sullivan,       80,  86, 

257 

ELLIS,  James,                          154 

DORRANCE,  John, 

258 

ELTON,  Romeo,                   312 

DORRANCE,  William  T. 

EMERSON,  James,                  154 

86,  94,  274,  327, 

335 

EMERSON,  William,              154 

DOUGLAS,  William, 

328: 

EMLY,  Rev.  Mr.                    221 

Dow,  William  F. 

328 

EUSTACE,  Thomas,              221 

DOWN,  James, 

155 

EVANS,  Caleb,                 71,  159 

DOZER,  James, 

223; 

EVANS,  Hugh,                       159 

DUENNAN,  Thomas, 

155 

EVANS,  Thomas,                   223 

DROWNE,  Christopher  It. 

292 

EVANS,  Thos.,  o,   Bristol,  160 

DROWNE,  George  It. 

292 

EVANS,  Thomas  E.              334 

DROWNE,  Henry  B. 

292 

EVELEIGII,  George,              154 

DROWNE,  Henry  T. 

292  ; 

EVERARD,  John,                    159 

DROWNE,  Thomas  S. 

292 

E  Y  RES,  Thomas,                   241 

DUNCAN,  Alexander, 

326 

FAIRBROTHER,  Mrs.  L.       312 

FAIRLY,  John,  156 

FAIRLY,  Robert,  156 
FALES,  LOTHROP  &  Co.  327 

FALES,  William,  328 

FALKINER,  Riggs,  154 

FARLEY,  Sarah,  160 

FARNUM,  John,  327 

FAR  WELL,  Levi,  86 

FARR,  Thomas,  221 

FAWCETT,  John,  155 
FAWCONER,  Elizabeth,  159 

FEARING,  Joseph  W.  327 

FKARING  &  HALL,  327 

FEHRMAN,  Gerard,  154 

FENNER,  John,  239 

FERGUSON,  Frederic,  156 

FERGUSON,  Susanna,  156 

FIELD  Barnuni,  328 

FIELD,  James,  239 

FIELD  John,  238 

FINCH,  Benjamin,  327 
FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH,  287 

FISHEK,  John  I).  86 

FITCH,  William,  223 

FITCH,  William,  Jr.  223 

FITZ,  E.  C.  334 

FLETCHER,  E.  W.  327 
FLETCHER,  Richard,  86,  327 

FLETCHER,  Thomas,  328 

FLIGHT,  John,  158 

FLIGHT,  Joseph,  158 

FLIGHT,  Thomas,  158 

FLIGHT,  Mrs.  158 

FLIGHT,  Miss,  158 

FLIGHT,  Mr.  158 

FOOT,  William,  159 

FORD,  D.  S.  334 

FORSITT,  'Benjamin,  159 

FOSTER,  Benjamin,  73 
FOSTER,  Samuel,  94,  335 

FOSTER,  William,  94 

FOTHEKGILL,  John,  158 

FOUECE,  Thomas,  157 

FOWKE,  Joseph ,  154 

Fox,  Joseph,  77 

Fox,  Mary,  161 

Fox,  Samuel,  161 

FRANCIS,  John,  73 
FRANCIS,  John  B.  86,  327 

FRANCIS,  John  W.  86 

FRAMPTON,  William,  160 
FRANKLIN,  Benjamin,  158 
FRANKLIN,  Henry  P.  258,  274 

FRANKLIN   SOCIETY,  81 

FREEMAN,  Joseph,  161 

FRENCH,  William  S.  328 

FREWEN,  Thomas,  161 

FRIEZE,  Henry  S.  328 

FRINK,  Samuel,  222 


INDEX     OF     BENEFACTORS. 


335 


FRITTON,  John,  240 

FULLARTON,  John,  2*21 

FULLER,  Abraham,  154 

FULLER,  Joseph,  101 

FULLER,  Major,  221 

FULLER,  Nathaniel,  228 

FULLER,  Oliver,  239 

FURY,  John,  155 

GADSEN,  Christopher,  221 

GAIR,  Thomas,  822 

GALLUP,  A.  S.  335 

GALT,  John,  156 

GALT,  William,  156 

GAMMELL,  Asa  M.  328 
GAMMELL,  William,  274,  327 
GANG,  John,  241,  317,  319 

GARDNER,  Johnson,  328 

GARNER,  Nathaniel,  155 

GARNER,  Thomas,  155 

GARNSAY,  William,  160 
GENERAL  ASSEMBLY,  303-307 

GIBBON,  Rebecka,  155 

GIBBONS,  Thomas,  158 

GIBBONS,  William,  222 

GIBBS,  John,  240 

GIBSON,  George,  155 

GIBSON,  Gideon,  224 

GIBSON,  William,  155 

GIFFORD,  Andrew,  158 

GILBERT,  Timothy,  87 
GILL,  John,  66,  158,  336 

GILMORE,  John,  156  i 

GLADDING,  Timothy,  239  j 

GLENNY,  George,  156 

GLEZEN,  E.  K.  335  ! 

GLOVER,  Henry  II,  334 
GODDARD,  Charlotte  R. 

88,  2»(J,  292,  326 

GODDARD,  T.  P.  1.  292  i 

GODDARD,  William,  292 
GODDARD,  William  G. 

86,  273,  335  i 

GODFREY,  Richard,  240  ! 

GOODMAN,  James,  155  \ 

GOODWIN,  George  C.  334  | 

GOXJGH,  Samuel,  155  ; 

GOWRLAY,  John,  222  j 

GRACE,  Lawrence,  156  j 

GRACE,  William,  159  i 

GRAEME,  David,  221  ! 

GRANGER,  Ann  B.  318  j 
GRANGER,  James  N.    104,  327 

GRANGER,  Mr.  158  j 

GRANT,  Luke,  154  | 

GRAVES,  John,  66 

GRAYSON,  Anthony,  155 

GREAT  BRITAIN,  81  j 

GREGGS  &  CUNNINGHAM,  155  j 

GREGORY,  John,  222  ' 


GKEEN,  Cornelia  E.      94, 
GREEN,  John,  87, 

GREEN,  Joseph, 
GREEN,  Samuel, 
GREENE,  Caleb, 
GREENE  &  CARTER, 
GREENE,  James, 
GREENE,  Nathanael, 
GREENE,  Richard  W.    86, 
GREENE,  Simon  H. 
GREENE,  Thomas, 
GREENE,  Timothy  R. 
GRIGGS,  Thomas, 
GRIMBALL,  Charles, 
GRIMBALL,  William, 
GRIMES,  Joseph, 
GRINNELL,  Peter, 
GRINNELL,  Peter  &  Sons, 
273, 

GRINNELL,  William  T. 
GROSVENOR,  William, 
GROTH,  A.  H. 
GRUBB,  William, 
GUERTZ,  Miss, 
GULLY,  William, 
GUTTER,  Francis, 
GUY,  David, 
HABERSHAM,  James, 
HACKER,  Joshua, 
HADFIELQ,  Samuel, 
HAFFIELD,  Thomas, 
HAGUE,  Jenkins, 
HALL,  Edwin, 
HALL,  Levi, 
HALLETT,  George  W. 
HALLOWELL,  George  A. 
HALSEY,  Elizabeth, 
HALSEY,  Thomas  L. 

80,  94,  257,  273, 
HAM  ILL,  James, 
HAMMAN,  John, 
HAMMAN,  Jonathan, 
HAMMOND,  William, 
HANCOCK,  Jacob, 
HANNA,  John, 
HARDIN,  Eleazer  &  Son, 
HARFORD  &  POWELL, 
HARMON,  Joshua, 
HARRINGTON,  William, 
HARRIS,  C.  F. 
HARRIS,  David, 
HARRIS,  Edward,        327, 
HARRIS,  George, 
HARRIS,  John, 
HARRIS,  Thomas, 
HARRISON,  John, 
HARRISON,  Richard, 
HART,  Arthur, 
HART,  Benjamin, 


312    HART,  Oliver,  317 

327    HARTWELL,  John  B.  382 

160    HARVEY,  David,  156 

222    HASLETT,  Charles,  156 

239  HATHAWAY,  Elnathan  P.     86 
258    HATTERSLEY,  John,  159 

240  HAUGHTON,  John.  155 
239    HAWES,  William  T.  86 
273    HAWKINS,  Edward,  239 
292    HAWKSWORTH,  A.  R.          159 

239  HAZARD,  I.P.,R.G.  &  R.    327 
86  !  HAZARD,  Thomas  R,  327 

334  !  HAZLE,  William,  160 

221  HAZARD,  William,  222 

222  HEATH,  Job,  159 
160    HENDERSON,  Anthony,       160 
257    HEWETSON,  Hester,  155 

j  HEYWARD,  Daniel,  222 

327  I  HICKS,  George,  222 

86  i  HIDDEN,  H.  A.  335 

292  !  HIGINBOTHOM,  Robert,       156 

160  HILL,  John,  156 

155  j  HILL,  Nathaniel  P.  280 

159  i  HILL,  Robert,  159 

240  :  HILL,  Samuel,  86 
221    HILL,  Thomas  J.  327 

161  i  HILLIS,  Timothy,  158 

221  '  HINDS,  James,  222 

239  '  HINDS,  Patrick,  221 

156  j  HINCKS,  Edward,  155 

155  !  HITCHCOCK,  Enos,  73 
161  j  HITCHCOCK,  John,  224 
384    HODSDEX,  John,  221 

240  HOGG,  William,  156 

326  HOLDEN,  Jonathan,  240 
257    HOLFORD,  Thomas,  159 
158    HOLLIS,  Isaac,  159 

HOLLIS,  Thoimis,  158 

327  HOLMANY,  John,  334 

156  I  HOLMES,  George  B.  327 
158    HOLMES,  John,  160 
240  I  HOLMES,  Joseph,  87 
154    HOLMES,  Rebekah,  221 
156    HOLROYD,  William,    257,  322 
834  i  HOMER,  Jonathan,  81 
239  !  HOOD,  John,  156 

158  i  HOOPE,  Thomas,  156 
154  j  HOPKINS,  John  B.  239 
154  j  HOPKINS,  Rufus,  240 
292  i  HOPPIN,  Benjamin,       86,  257 

239  |                                273,  289,  327 
332  I  HOPPIN,  George  W.  258 

160  I  HOPPIN,  John,  239 

159  HOPPIN,  Thomas  C.    258,  274 

240  HOPPIN,  Thomas  F.  292 

222  !  HORTON,  Amos,  240 

160  j  HOWARD,  Ezra  W.      274,  327 

223  HOWARD,  Joseph,  223 
223  I  HOWARD,  Robert,  161 


436 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


HOWARTH,  Robert,  221 

HOWE,  Mark  A.  D.  86,  328 
HOWELL,  Nicholas,  154 

ROWLAND,  George,  326,  332 
HOWLDY,  Elizabeth,  160 

HOYLE,  James,  239 

HOYT,  Edwin,  327 

HUGHES,  John  L.  274 

HUMSTON,  Hugh,  159 

HUNT,  George,  328 

HUNT,  Samuel,  94 

HUNT,  William,  155 

HUNTER,  Henry,  223 

HuNTF.ii,  John,  156 

HUSLET,  Mrs.  159 

HUTCHINS,  Shubael,  327 

HUTCHINSON,  Matthias,  221 
INGRAHAM,  Samuel,  239 

IVES,  Anne  Allen,  83 

IVES,  Harriet  B.  83 

IVES,  Hope,  73,  83,  273,  326 
IVES,  Moses  B.  80,  85,  99 

100,  268,  273,  288,  323,  326 

331,  335 

IVES,  Robert  H.      80,  85,  268 

273,  276,  280,  288,  292,  312 

326,  331,  333,  335 

IVES,  Thomas  P.       80,  85,  94 

257,  276,  326 

IVES,  Capt.  Thomas  P. 

280,  292,  312,  332 
JACOBS,  Hiram,  87 

JACOBS,  Wilson,  238 

JACKSON,  Daniel,  239 

JACKSON,  George,  257 

JACKSON,  Henry,  335,  336 
JACKSON,  Richard,  Jr.  257 
JACKSON,  R.  158 

JACKSON,  Ward,  86 

JACKSON,  William,  155 

J AFFRAY,  Robert,  155 

JAMES,  Benjamin,  223 

JAMES,  Charles  T.  327 

JAMES,  Howell,  223 

JAMES,  Sarah,  222 

JAMES,  Thomas,  223 

JAMES,  William,  223 

JEFFRIES,  Benjamin,  160 

JEFFRIES,  Ebenezer,  160 

JEFFRIES,  Edward,  158 

JEFFRIES,  John,  87 

JEFFRIES,  Joseph,  158,  160 
JEMMETT,  Isaac,  159 

JENCKES,  Christopher,  240 
JENCKES,  Henry,  240 

JENCKES,  John,  238,  240 

JENCKES,  Doct.  John,  238 
JENCKES,  Jonathan,  Jr.  238 


1  JENCKES,  Thomas  A. 

292,  328,  335 

j  JENKINS,  John,  222,  240 

'•  JENKINS,  Joseph,  158 

1  JENKINS,  Moses  B,  292,  327 

JERMAN,  Peter,  161 
JOHNSON,  Dominick, 

j  JOHNSON,  James,  221 

JOHNSON,  William,  160 

JOLLEFF,  Dorcas,  160 

JONES,  Alexander,  257 

JONES,  Ann,  160 

j  JONES.  Daniel,  154 

!  JONES,  David,  160 

•  JONES,  Jenkin,  158 

JONES,  John  B.  85 

JONES,  Noble  W.  222 

j  JONES,  Thomas,  154,  222 

j  JONES,  William,  257 

JOSEPH,  Israel,  221 

KEACH,  W.  W.  328 

|  KEEN,  Robert,  158 

i  KEENE,  Henry,  159 

KEITH,  George,  158 

|  KELLY,  J.  W.  &  Co.  86 

KELLY,  Mrs.  Luke,  155 
i  KENDALL,  Charles  S.           333 

!  KENDALL,  Henry  L.  327 

!  KENDALL,  H.  R.  '  327 

'  KENT,  Henry  P.  312 

j  KERSHAW,  Ely,  222 

KERSHAW,  Joseph,  223 
KILLINGWORTH,  Grantham, 

158 

KIMBALL,  Amos,  240 

KIMBOROUGH,  John,  223 

KING,  Abraham,  159 

.  KING,  Benjamin,  160 

KING,  Charles,  289 

KING,  Charles  B.  288 

KING,  Edward,  327 

KING,  George  G.  327 

I  KING,  Josiah,  240 

i  KING,  Thomas,  155 
i  KINGSBURY,  John,  86, 274,  327 

|  KIN  LOCK,  Mrs.  221 
'  KINNICUTT,  Thomas,    86,  328 

KIRKLAND,  Joseph,  223 
KIRKPATRICK,  James,         160 

KITCHEN,  Thomas,  159 

I  KNAP,  Seth,  240 

1  KNIGHT,  Jabez  C.  292,  332 

KNIGHT,  Nehemiah,  328 

!  KNIGHT,  Richard,  238 

KNIGHTLY,  Jane,  159 

KNOWLAND,  Mrs.  156 

KNOX,  John,  156 

I  KYLE,  Arthur,  156 


LADSON,  I.  222 

LAHOE,  John  De,  221 

LAMBOLL,  Thomas,  221 

LANE,  Abraham,  154 

LANE,  Samuel  &  Eraser,  158 

LANG,  James,  155 

LANGTON,  David,  158 

LARNED,  Daniel,  239 

LARNED,  Samuel,  273 

LATHAM,  John,  159 

LAUGHTON,  John,  221 

LAURENS,  Henry,  221 

LAMB,  Nathaniel,  154 

LAWRENCE,  Abbott,  94 

LAWRENCE,  Alexander,  156 

LAWRENCE,  Amos,  327 

LAWRENCE,  Samuel,  327 
LAWRENCE,  TRIMBLE  &  Co. 

327 

LAWTON,  George,  312 
LAWTON,  William,           .     154 

LAZARUS,  Michael,  221 

LEGACIES  &  BEQUESTS,  336 

LEG  A  RE,  Solomon,  222 

LEGER  &  Co.  221 

LEGG,  Alexander,  156 

LEIKY,  Thomas,  156 

LELAND,  Ebenezer,  240 

LEMMON,  John,  157 

LEMMON,  Joseph,  156 

LESSENE,  Sarah,  221 

LEWIS,  John  Clarke,  156 

LEWIS,  Michael,  157 

LEWIS,  Thomas,  160 

LIDE,  Robert,  223 

LIDE,  Thomas,  222 

LINCOLN,  Heman,  86 

LINDO,  Moses,  223 

LINDSEY,  Thos.  &  Benj.  239 

LIPPITT,  Christopher,  240 

LIPPITT,  Henry,  292 

LIPPITT,  H.  &  R.  328 
LIPPITT,  Moses,            257,  258 

LITTLE,  Mrs.  C.  C.  293 

LLEWELYN,  Thomas,  158 

LOCKWOOD,  Moses  B.  327 

LOGAN,  William,  238 

LONGFRAY,  Mr.  322 

LORING,  Prudence,  328 

LOTH  HOP,  Cyrus,  86 
LOUD,  Jacob  H.             87,  328 

LOVE,  Horace  T.  331 

LOVETT,  James,  240 

Low,  Charles,  258 

LOWDELL,  Stephen,  158 

LUDLOW,  Abraham,  159 

LUDLOW,  Mrs.  James,  293 

LUDLOW,  Thomas,  159 


INDEX     OF     BENEFACTORS. 


437 


LUDLOW,  William, 
LUNNELL,  William, 
LYLE,  Hugh, 
LYNDON,  Josias, 
LYON,  John, 
LYON,  Merrick, 
MABBS,  J. 
MACE,  William, 
MACK  AY,  Nathaniel, 
MACKINTOSH,  Alexander, 
MACKINTOSH,  John, 
MACKMERDS,  Mrs. 
MACLAY,  A. 
MACOMBER,  Ichabod, 
MACTEN,  William, 
MAKEPEACE,  George, 
MAN,  Samuel  F. 
MANIGAULT,  Gabriel, 
MANIGAULT,  Peter, 
MANN,  Benjamin, 
MANX,  James, 
MANN,  X.  P.,  &  Co. 
MANN,  Percivai, 
MANNING,  James, 
MANNING,  Robert, 
MANTON,  Amasa,  94,  273, 
MANTON,  Daniel, 
MANYPENNY,  James, 
MAQUAY,  George, 
MARCHANT,  Henry, 
MARCY,  William  L. 
MARRION,  Joseph, 
MARSH,  BOOTH  &  Co. 
MARTIN,  James, 
MARTIN,  Joseph, 
MARTIN,  Joseph  S. 
MARTIN,  Silvanus  G. 
MARTIN,  Simeon, 
MARTIN,  Wheeler, 
MASON,  Amasa, 
MASON,  Earl  P.     47, 
311,  326, 

MASON,  James  B. 
MASON,  John  H. 
MASON,  John  M. 
MASON,  Joseph, 
MASON,  Owen, 
MASON,  William  H. 
MATHEWS,  James, 
MAUNDER,  Mary, 
MAURAN,  Joseph,  86,  274, 
MAXSON,  John, 
MAXWELL,  Richard, 
MAYOR,  Mrs. 
MCBURNEY,  Alexander, 
McCALL,  Charles, 
MCCARTHY,  Francis, 
McCoRMicK,  Samuel, 

55i 


159 

MCDOWELL,  Samuel, 

156 

159 

McGiLVERY,  Lachlum, 

222 

156 

McGowAN,  William, 

155 

318, 

319 

MCGREGOR,  Robert, 

155 

154 

M'INTIRE,  A. 

86 

328 

MCKACHAN,  Alexander, 

156 

158 

MC-KEAN,  William, 

156 

158 

McM  ASTER,  Mary, 

155 

155 

MEEK,  John, 

156 

der, 

222 

MEEK,  William, 

156 

223 

MERRILL,  J.  Warren, 

333 

158 

MESSER,  Asa, 

250 

86 

METCALF,  Nathaniel, 

248 

86 

METCALF,  Theron,    81-83,  86 

156 

METCALF,  Whiting, 

328 

239 

MIDDLETON,  Nicholas, 

157 

273 

MILDRED  &  ROBERTS, 

158 

221 

MILLAR,  William, 

221 

221 

MILLER,  Ann  Eliza, 

311 

239 

MILLER,  Pardon, 

328 

76 

MILLS,  John, 

158 

334 

MILLS,  Stephen, 

154 

159 

MITCHELL,  William, 

156 

319 

MONTGOMERY,  Hugh, 

328 

160 

MONTGOMERY,  Robert, 

155 

273, 

326 

MOODY,  James, 

156 

240 

MOORE,  John, 

159 

155 

MOORE,  Robert, 

155 

155 

MORGAN,  John, 

160 

94 

MORGAN,  William, 

223 

86 

MORRIS,  John, 

222 

223 

MORKIS,  William, 

240 

328 

MOSSMAN,  James, 

222 

155 

MOWRY,  Elisha, 

238 

258 

MUGGERIDGE,  John, 

159 

258 

MULLETT,  Thomas, 

70 

328 

MURRAY,  James, 

159 

258 

MURPHY,  Mary, 

154 

258 

NASH,  Thomas, 

158 

80 

,  86 

NEAL,  Jacob, 

222 

280, 

292 

NEALE,  Samuel, 

154 

333, 

334 

NEEDHAM,  John, 

159 

257 

NEWCOMEN,  Thomas, 

160 

328 

NEWELL,  William, 

155 

335 

NEWENHAM,  George, 

154 

159 

NEWMAN,  James, 

160 

94, 

328 

NEWTH,  Mary, 

154 

258 

NEWTON,  Henry, 

156 

223 

NEWTON,  James, 

159 

160 

NIGHTINGALE,  George  C. 

327 

274, 

328 

NIGHTINGALE,  Samuel,  Jr 

239 

318, 

319 

NICHOLS,  Thomas, 

159 

155 

NICHOLS,  William, 

87 

159 

NICHOLSON,  Francis, 

221 

31-, 

156 

NOBLE,  Ann, 

159 

223 

NOBLE,  Daniel, 

158 

154 

NOBLE,  Mrs. 

160 

156 

NORRIS,  John, 

328 

NORTH,  James, 
NORTH,  Thurgood, 
NORTON,  James, 
NOYES,  Samuel  M.       328, 
NUN,  Benjamin, 
NUN,  Joseph, 
OLDFIELD,  John, 
OLMSTEAD,  J.  W. 
OLNEY,  James, 
OLNEY,  Jonathan  &  C. 
OLNEY,  Nathaniel  G. 
ORR,  Gilbert, 
OSGOOD,  Samuel, 
OSBUKN,  John, 
OTWAY,  Grace, 
OVERBURY,  Jane, 
OVERBURY,  John, 
OVERBURY,  Nathaniel, 
OVERBURY,  William, 
OWEN,  Ezekiel, 
OWEN,  George, 
OWEN,  Smith, 
PACKARD,  Nathaniel, 


PADELFORD,  Seth, 


280, 
327, 


PAGE,  Benjamin, 
PAGE,  George  W. 
PAGE,  John,  159, 

PAGE,  Miss, 
PAINE,  Daniel, 
PAINE,  Walter, 
PARKER,  John  A. 
PARKS,  William, 
PARMENTER,  Benjamin, 

P  ARM  ENTER,    Isaac, 

PARMENTER,  John, 
PARMENTER,  Philimon, 
PARSLOW,  John, 
PARSONS,  Usher, 
PARSONS,  U.  &  C.  W. 
PATRICK,  Alexander, 
PATTEN,  William, 
PATTEN,  William  S. 
PAYTON  &  HAWKINS, 
PEABODY,  Ephraim, 
PEARCE,  Benoni, 
PEARCE,  Edward, 
PEARCE,  Nathaniel, 
PEARCE,  William, 
PEARSON,  James, 
PEASE,  Simon, 
PECK,  Allen, 
PECK,  Allen  O. 
PECK,  John, 
PECK,  Solomon, 
PECKHAM,  Sam'l  W.    274, 
PEGUES,  Claudius, 
PEGUES,  William, 


157 
157 
160 
332 
155 
155 
327 
334 
239 
239 
258 
155 
103 
154 
157 
161 
161 
161 
161 
328 
328 
328 
240 
292 
335 
155 
257 
160 
159 
327 
258 
326 
154 
222 
222 
222 
222 
160 
335 
328 
156 
258 

87 
328 
239 
238 
327 
258 
240 
158 
319 
240 
274 
239 

86 
328 
222 
222 


438 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


PELOT,  Francis,  317 

PENDARVIS,  Josiah,  222 

PENN,  Thomas,  158 

PERKIN,  Lewis,  223 
PERRONNEAU,  Alexander,  221 

PERRY,  Abel,  239 

PERRY,  Ann,  158 

PERRY,  Joseph,  158 

PERRY,  Joseph,  Jr.  158 

PERVEAR,  G.  R.  &  H.  A.     334 

PETTY,  John,  239 

PEWTRESS,  Thomas,  158 

PHILLIPS,  James,  221 
PHILOPHYSIAN  SOCIETY,     81 

PIETY,  Thomas,  101 

PIKE,  Benjamin,  154 

PIKE,  Ebenezer,  154 

PIKE,  Jonathan,  327 

PILSON,  Susanna,  154 

PITCHER,  John,  239 

PITMAN,  Isaac,  258 

PITMAN,  John.  8B 

PLATEK,  Thomas,  101 

PLATER,  William,  101 
PLEDGER,  Philip, 

PLIMPTON,  Robert,  159 

POINSETT,  Elisha,  221 

POLLOCK,  James,  150 

POLLOCK,  John,  150 
POMEROY,  Bartholomew,    158 

POND,  Joseph  A.  334 

POND,  Moses,  80 

POOLE,  Mary,  100 

POPE,  Joseph,  100 

POPE,  Richard,  154 

POPE,  Thomas,  100 

PORTER,  Josiah,  154 

POTTER,  Charles,  80,  327 
POTTER,  E.R.&J.B.M.     327 

POTTER,  William  H.  327 

POTTS,  John,  158 

POUNEY,  Anthony,  223 
POWER,  Nicholas,  238, 240, 258 

POWELL,  Samuel,  155 

PRATT,  Horatio,  80 

PRATT,  John  C.  334 

PKATT,  Peter,  80,  273 
PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCHES, 

155,  150 

PRICE,  Hopkin,  221 

PRICE,  Thomas,  154 

PRINCE,  John,  75 
PROVIDENCE  JOURNAL,      327 

PUGH,  Evan,  223 

PURSER,  Thomas,  80 

QUESTED,  George,  101 

RAE,  John,  222 

RAINES,  Richard,  222 

RAINS,  James,  154 


RAMSEY,  Hugh,                    154 

RUSSELL,  George  R. 

326 

RANDALL,  George,               154 

RUSSELL,  Jonathan, 

257 

RANDALL  Job,                       239 

RUSSELL,  Joseph  D. 

66 

RANDALL,  Peter,                  240 

RUTT,  Henry, 

159 

RANSFORD,  Edward,            100 

RYLAND,  John, 

319 

RAY,  Isaac,                           328 

SABIN,  James, 

240 

READ,  Thomas,                    155 

SABIN,  Thomas, 

239 

REEVE,  William,                  159 

SACKETT,  DAVIS  &  POTTER, 

REILY,  Charles,                    221 

328 

REILY,  John,                         155 

SAMPSON,  Joseph, 

87 

REMINGTON,  Joseph,           240 

SARGEANT,  Joseph, 

159 

REYNOLDS,  William  B.         80 

SARGEANT,  Robert, 

159 

REYNOLDS,  William  H. 

SAURIN,  James, 

155 

47,  292,  295.  333 

SAVAGE,  Daniel, 

222 

RHODE  ISLAND,            303-307 

SAVAGE,  John, 

223 

RHODES,  Christopher,         258 

SAWYEK,  Joseph, 

333 

RHODES,  James.    80,  2C7.  273 

SAYLES,  Sylvan  us, 

240 

RHODES,  Jas.  T.    292,  327,  332 

SCOFIELD,  T. 

159 

RHODES,  William,                157 

SCOTT,  Alexander, 

158 

RICE,  Robert,                        150 

SCOTT,  George, 

150 

RICH,  Meredeth,                  222 

SCOTT,  Jeremiah, 

241 

RICHARD,  Richard  ap-         150 

SCOTT,  Thomas, 

222 

RICHARDS,  James,               221 

SCOTT,  William, 

156 

RICHARDS,  Walter,              154 

SCREVEN,  John, 

223 

RICHARDS.  Wm.      78-80,  387 

SCREVEN,  Thomas, 

221 

RICHARDS,  William  C.     '  313 

SEAGRAVE,  Jacob  T. 

335 

RICHARDSON,  Thomas,       320 

SEAMANS,  Young, 

258 

RICHMOND,  Sam'l  N.  258,  274 

SEARLE,  Nathaniel.       80, 

258 

RIDOUT,  Jeremiah,              159 

SEARLE,  Nathaniel,  Jr. 

258 

RIKY,  Robert,                      155 

SEARS,  Barnas,      310,332, 

333 

RIPPON,  John,                        75 

SEARS,  David, 

327 

RIITO,  Peter.                        240 

SESSIONS,  Thomas, 

258 

RIVERS,  Isaac,                      222 

SEVIER,  Joseph. 

100 

RIVERS,  John,                       222 

SHAPLAND,  Joseph, 

100 

RIVERS,  Thomas,  Jr.          222 

SHARP,  Granville, 

70 

ROAOII,  Matthew,                 222 

SHAW,  Francis  IT. 

328 

ROBARTS,  Edward,              158 

SHAW,  Robert  G. 

320 

ROBAIITS,  Joseph,                 158 

SHAW,  Quincy  A. 

328 

ROBBINS,  Josiah,                   87 

SHAW,  Th;  mas, 

150 

ROBERTS,  John,                    100 

SHEARWOOD,  J. 

158 

ROBERTS,  Nathaniel,           101 

SHELDON,  Christopher, 

241 

ROBINSON,  Luther,              328 

SHKNSTONE,  John, 

159 

ROFFEY,  Samuel,                 158 

SHEPAHD,  Michael,  80,94, 

320 

ROGERS,  Benjamin,             222 

SHEPARD,  Thomas,     280, 

327 

ROGERS,  Daniel,                   157 

SHEPAJU),  Thomas  &  Co. 

292 

ROGERS,  Eliza  B.         311,  327 

SHEPARO,  Abraham, 

100 

ROGERS,  Eliza  J.                  293 

SHERMAN,  George  J. 

313 

ROGERS,  Henry  A.      274,  327 

SHERMAN,  Robert, 

221 

ROGERS,  John,                      257 

SHIPLEY,  S.  (r. 

328 

ROGERS,  Robert,          258,  327 

SHORTT,  Janu  s, 

157 

ROGERS,  Susanna,                100 

SIIORTT,  William, 

157 

ROLT,  John,                            154 

SH  u  RT  LE  FF,  Benj  am  HI  , 

80 

ROOKE,  Archdalc,                101 

SIMON,  Henry, 

328 

HOSE,  Philip,                         100 

SIMON,  Isaac, 

155 

Ross,  Isaac,                           223 

SIMMONS,  James  F. 

274 

RI:ST,  Richard,                      159 

SIMMONS,  Martin, 

239 

RUSSEL,  Samuel,                  223 

SIMMONS  &  Co. 

221 

RUSSEL,  Mr.                          101 

SIMPSON,  John  K. 

80 

RUSSELL,  Charles,                 80 

SIMPSON,  John  K.,  Jr. 

80 

INDEX     OF     BENEFACTORS. 


439 


SLATER,  Esther, 
SLATER,  Horatio  N.  47,  94, 
280,  289,  311,  326,  332, 
SLATER,  Sarah  J. 
SLATER,  William  S. 
SMITH,  Ann, 
SMITH,  Amos  I). 
SMITH,  A.  D.&J.  Y 
SMITH,  Amos  D.  &  Co. 
SMITH,  Henry, 
SMITH,  Hezekiah, 

318, 

SMITH,  J.,  of  Barre, 
SMITH,  James, 
SMITH,  James  Y. 

292, 

SMITH,  Jehu, 
SMITH,  Job, 
SMITH,  John, 
SMITH,  John,  Jr. 
SMITH,  Joseph, 
SMITH,  Josiah, 
SMITH,  Samuel, 
SMITH,  Simon, 
SMITH,  William, 
SNOW,  Lucy, 
SNOW,  William, 
SOESMAN,  Jacob, 
SPAULDING,  Edward, 
SPENCE,  John, 
SPENCEU,  William, 
SPOONER,  Joshua, 
SPRAGUE,  A.  &  W. 

292, 

SPRAGUE,  William, 
SPRAGUE,  William, 

47,  292, 

STAKES,  Nathaniel, 
STEAD,  Thomas  J. 
STEAD,  William, 
STELLE,  Benjamin, 
STENNETT,  Samuel, 
STEPHENS,  Daniel, 
STERLING,  Henry, 
STERY,  Robert, 
STEVENS,  John, 
STEVELLY,  Robert, 
STEWART,  John, 
STEWART,  Thomas, 
STEWART  &  TAYLOR, 
STILES,  Mrs. 
STILLMAN,  Augustine, 
STILLMAN,  Samuel. 
STINTON,  Samuel, 
STIRK,  Benjamin, 
STIRK,  John, 
STITES,  John, 
STOCK, John, 
STOCKER,  Charles  S. 


327 

STOKFS,  Mary,                     159 

TILLINGHAST,  John,    318,  319 

7,  94,  273 

STOLL,  Justinus,                   221 

TILLINGHAST,  Joseph  L.      86 

332,  333 

STONE,  William,                   161 

TILLINGHAST,  P.                 328 

273 

STONE,  William  L.                 86 

TILLINGHAST,  Stephen,      257 

47,  333 

STOREHOUSE,  Rev.  Dr.       159 

TILLINGHAST,  Thomas,      258 

161 

STOPKINS,  John,                  222 

TINKHAM,  H.  N.                   334 

288,  292 

STOUT,  Doctor,                    221 

TOBEY,  Samuel  B. 

280,  327 

STOWER,  Caleb,                    161 

273,  327,  332 

3o.      335 

STRAPHAM,  William,           159 

TOMPKINS,  Benjamin,         161 

222 

STRETTELL,  Thomas,          154 

TOMPKINS,  William             161 

211,  226 

STRONG,  Richard,                 160 

TOOMER,  Henry,                  222 

319,  822 

STYCH,  John,                        160 

TOKRANS,  PAUG,  &  Co.       223 

328 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  for  the  Col 

TORRENS,  John,                    156 

158 

lege,                                    387 

TOTTERDALE,   Mrs.                    160 

280,  289 

SULLIVAN,  John,                   86 

TOULMIN,  Joshua,                160 

311,327 

SUMTER,  Thomas,               223 

TOWLE,  Thomas,                158 

240 

SWINT,  John,                       223 

TOWNSEND,  Stephen,           221 

239 

TAPT,  i  yrus,                280,  335 

TRAYER,  Thomas  R.          154 

222,  241 

TAFT,  E.  P.                           334 

TREADWAY,  T.                     159 

239 

TAFT,  Orray,                        327 

TUBES,  Hebeckah,               222 

157 

TAFT,  Royal  C.            280,  335 

TUCKER,  Thomas,               221 

223 

TAFT  &  WATERMAN,          258 

TUCKERMAN,  Edward,          86 

161 

TALBOT,  Charles  N.             327 

TUFTS,  Otis,                         328 

239 

TALBOT,  Ephraim,               257 

TURNER,  David,                   161 

156 

TALLMADGE,  James,    107,  337 

TWINING,  Thomas,             160 

328 

TALLMAN,  Benjamin,          241 

TYNDALL,  Samuel,              155 

258 

TANNER,  John,               70,  319 

UNITED  STATES,                  245 

257 

TARRALL,  William,             223 

UPTON,  James,                      333 

239 

TAYLOR,  Gustavus,             257 

URMENETA,  Don  Geronimo, 

86 

TAYLOR,  J.  E.                      334 

108-109 

222,  240 

TAYLOR,  William.        158,  257 

VALENTINE,  William,         258 

238 

TEW,  Paul,                            241 

VANCE,  Thomas,                  155 

THAYER,  Abner,                  239 

VANHORN,  William,            322 

326,  332 

THAYER,  John  E.                 327 

VAUGHAN,  Mr.                     158 

94,  273 

THAYER,  William,               257 

VERE,  James,                       158 

THE  us,  Jeremiah,               221 

VICKERS,  Jeremiah,            155 

333,  335 

THOMAS,  Benjamin  F. 

VICKERS,  Thomas,              155 

155 

328,  334 

VOYSEY,  John,                     161 

273 

THOMAS,  John,                     159 

WADE,  Thomas,                   222 

158 

THOMAS,  Mary,                     155 

WALCUTT,  Abraham,          222 

240 

THOMAS  &  MARTIN,            328 

WALKER,  Ephraim,             239 

67,  158 

THOMPSON,  Ebenezer,         240 

WALKER,  John,                    155 

223 

THOMPSON,  James,               156 

WALKER,  Susanna,             221 

240 

THOMPSON,  John,                 156 

WALLACE,  Hans,                  154 

238 

THOMPSON,  Sally,                328 

WALLIN,  Benjamin, 

158 

THOMPSON,  Thomas,           156 

66.  322,  336 

154 

THOMSON,  Ebenezer,           258 

WANE,  Isaac,                        158 

155 

THOMSON,  James,        156,  223 

V/  AN  NELL,  Henry,               154 

156 

THOMSON,  Robert,               223 

WANTON,  Joseph,  238,  318,  319 

239 

THOMSON,  Thomas,             257 

WANTON,  Joseph,  Jr.           319 

159 

THORNTON,  Daniel,              239 

WARD,  Elizabeth,                  86 

?,        223 

THORNTON,  John,                158 

WARD,  Hannah,           322,  386 

318 

THRESHER,  Ebenezer,           86 

WARD,  John,                   86,  160 

158 

THURBER,  Charles,     312,  328 

WARD,  Richard  R,                 86 

222 

TiiuiMjEiz,  Isaac,                  328 

WARD,  Samuel,            85,  319 

222 

THUKBEK,  Samuel              239 

WARD,  Samuel  &  Bro.       273 

322 

THURBER  &  CAHOON,          239 

WARLEY,  Milchar,               221 

159 

THUUSTON,  Gardner,  318,  319 

WARNER  &  TILLINGHAST,  238 

221 

TIFFANY,  Lyman,       273,  333 

WARRING,  Benjamin,         221 

440 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


WARREN,  Charles  H.  86 

WARREN,  George,  159 

WARREN,  Jonah  G.  334 
WASHBUKN,  Charles, 

AVASHBURN,  Henry  S.  328 
WATCHMAN  &  REFLECTOR,  334 

WATERFORD,  Samuel,  160 

WATERMAN,  Andrew,  239 
WATERMAN,  Elizabeth, 

274,  328 

WATERMAN,  Benjamin,  239 

WATERMAN,  John,  239 

WATERMAN,  Nathan,  241 

WATERMAN,  Resolved,  328 
WATERMAN,  Richard,  273,  327 

WATERMAN,  Rufus,  335 

WATERMAN,  Stephen,  328 

WATERS,  Ann  E.  312 

WATKINS,  Lewis,  160 

WATKINS,  Nathaniel,  160 

WATSON,  Elisha,  328 
WATSON,  Matthew,     273,  327 

WATSON,  Thomas,  158 

WATT,  James,  156 

WATTS,  Jonathan,  159 

WAVEL,  Henry,  161 
WAYLAND,  Francis,        47,  85 
94,  273,  327 

WAYLAND,  Hepsey  S.  SI 

WEARE,  William,  158 

WEBB,  Thomas  H.  103 

WEBB,  Thomas  S.  258 

WEEDEN,  William  B.  335 

WELLS,  John,  159 

WELLING,  Charles  H.  328 

WELSH,  James,  222 

WELTON,  Samuel,  160 

WEST,  Benjamin,  158 

WESTCOTT,  John,  160 


WESTON,  Plowden,  222 

WESTON,  Thomas,  158 

WEYMOUTH,  Samuel,  160 
WEYMOUTH,  Master  &  Miss, 

160 

WHEATON,  Comfort,  241 

WH EATON,  Ephraim,  239 

WHEATON,  James,  311 

WHEATON,  Martha  B.  293 

WHEATON,  Samuel,  258 
WHEATON,  William,  238,  239 

WHITE,  Richard,  155 

WHITE,  Shuma,  156 

WHITE  &  WATERMAN,  239 

WHITEHEAD,  Thomas,  161 
WHIFFLE,  Benjamin,  239,  240 

WHIFFLE,  Daniel,  240 

WHIFFLE,  David,  241 

WHIFFLE,  Jeremiah,  241 

WHIFFLE,  John,  273 

WHIFFLE,  Oliver,  238 

WHIFFLE,  Otis,  241 

WHIFFLE,  Phebe,  311 

WHIFFLE,  Stephen,  239 

WHITMAN,  Jacob,  240 

WHITTUCK,  Charles,  160 

WHITTUCK,  Joseph,  169 

WIGGINS,  Sarah,  159 

WIGGINS,  Thomas,  223 

WILDER,  Nahum,  241 

AVILKINS,  William,  161 

WILKINSON,  Abraham,  155 

WILKINSON,  Anna,  157 

WILKINSON,  Elizabeth,  158 

WILKINSON,  George,  158 

WILKINSON,  Mary,  155 

AViLKiNSON,  Peter,  155 
WILKINSON,  William,  75,  257 

WILLIAMS,  Christopher,  239 


WILLIAMS,  David,  221 

WILLIAMS,  Henry,  159 

WILLIAMS,  Jehu,  222 

WILLIAMS,  John,  159 

WILLIAMS,  Joshua,  160 

WILLIAMS,  Richard,  161 

WILLIAMS,  Samuel,  158 

WILLIAMS,  S.  159 

WILLIAMS,  Samuel  K.  328 

WILLIAMS,  Simon,  67 

WILLIAMS,  Stephen,  158 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas,  222 

WILLIAMSON,  AVilliam,  156 

WILSON,  David,  156 

WILSON.  George,  155 

AVINSOR,  Abraham,  240 

AViNSOR,  Olnoy,  257 

WINTHROP.  John,  238 

AViNwooD,  John,  160 

A\TISH,  Benjamin,  221 

WITTER,  Matthew.  222 

WOLLASTON,  John,  158 

AVooD,  Joshua  B.  258 

AVoop,  Margaret,  333 

AVooDRooF,  Isaac,  241 
AVooDS,  Alvah,  94,  311,  327 
AVooDS,  Marshall,  326, 332,  336 

A¥RAGG,  Samuel,  222 

AVRAXALL,  Nathaniel,  160 

WRIGHT,  James,  221 

YEOMAN,  Thomas,  159 

YOUNG,  Barnard,  221 

YOUNG,  George,  156 

YOUNG,  James,  155 

YOUNG,  John,  159 

YOUNG,  Mary,  239 

YOUNG,  Samuel,  239 

YOUNG,  Thomas,  221 

ZUBLY,  JohnJ.  221 


in  i 


i  s  . 


CORRIGENDA. 

Page  42,  line  2,  note,  for  "Maxcy"  read  "Messer." 
Page  100,  line  18,  for  ''Illustration"  read  "Illustration.' 
Page  120,  line  4,  for  "possibly"  read  "possible." 
Page  278,  lines  1  and  2,  for  "  George"  read  "College." 
Page  313,  lines  4  and  5,  for  "  L."  read  "  J." 
Page  313,  line  12,  for  "his"   read  "hers." 


SUBSCRIBERS. 


LARGE  PAPER. 


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R.  B.  CHAMBERS, 
ALEXANDER  FARNUM,        " 
DESMOND  FITZGERALD,      " 


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JOHN  H.  CLIFFORD,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

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442 


BROWN     UNIVERSITY. 


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ISAAC  DAVIS,  Worcester,  Mass. 

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WILLIAM  G.  DEARTH,  Providence. 

HENRY  M.  DEXTER,  Boston,  Mass. 

FRANKLIN  J.  DICKMAN,  Cleaveland,  Ohio. 

PROFESSOR  DIMAN,  Brown  University. 

NATHAN  F.  DIXON,  Westerly. 

WILLIAM  T.  DORRANCE,  Providence. 

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SAMUEL  FOSTER,  Providence. 

FREE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  Boston,  Mass. 

FRIENDS  BOARDING  SCHOOL,  Providence. 

WILLIAM  GAMMELL,  " 

ASA  M.  GAMMELL,  Warren. 

CHARLES  B.  GOFF,  Providence. 

JOHN  GORHAM,  " 

S.  HASTINGS  GRANT,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ARNOLD  GREEN,  Providence. 

WILLIAM  GREENE,  2  copies,  East  Greenwich. 

PROFESSOR  GREENE,  Brown  University. 

WILLIAM  GROSVENOR,  JR.,  Providence. 

GEORGE  W.  GUILD,  Boston,  Mass. 

WILLIAM  F.  HANSELL,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JOHN  B.  HARTWELL,  Providence. 

GEORGE  D.  HERKEY,  Foxborough,  Mass. 

NATHANIEL  P.  HILL,  Providence. 

CHARLES  HIBBARD,  Maulmain,  Burmah. 

CHARLES  C.  HOSKINS,  Providence. 

THEOPHILUS  R.  HYDE,  Westerly. 

ANNE  A.  IVES,  3  copies,  Providence. 

GEORGE  B.  JASTRAM,  " 

CHARLES  C.  JKWETT,  Boston,  Mass. 

JOHN  D.  JONES,  Providence. 

J.  D.  E.  JONES,  Worcester,  Mass. 


HORATIO  G.  JONES,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

THOMAS  K.  KING,  Pawtucket. 

DAVID  KING,          Newport. 

GEORGE  G.  KING,        " 

WILLIAM  H.  KING,    " 

NEHEMIAH  KNIGHT,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

J.  ERASTUS  LESTER,  Providence. 

SOLOMON  LINCOLN,  Boston,  Mass. 

HENRY  M.  LOVERING,  Taunton,  Mass. 

M.  &  E.  LYON,  Providence. 

CHARLES  H.  MALCOM,  Newport. 

CHARLES  F.  MANCHESTER,  Pawtucket. 

STEPHEN  G.  MASON,  Providence. 

EDWARD  MELLEN,  Worcester,  Mass. 

J.  WARREN  MERRILL,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

THERON  METCALF,  Boston,  Mass. 

ALPHEUS  C.  MORSE,  Providence. 

GEORGE  M.  NEWTON,  Warren,  Mass. 

BENJAMIN  F.  PABODIE,  Providence., 

SETH  PADELFORD,  " 

GEORGE  T.  PAINE,  " 

ROBERT  H.  PAINE,  " 

JOHN  B.  PALMER,  " 

JOHN  PEIRCE,  " 

GEORGE  H.  PILSBURY,  Lewiston,  Me. 

ENOCH  POND,  Bangor,  Me. 

GEORGE  L.  PORTER,  Washington,  D.  C. 

STEPHEN  RANDALL,  Providence. 

JOHN  M.  READ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

REDWOOD  LIBRARY,  Newport. 

WILLIAM  H.  REYNOLDS,  2  copies,  Providence. 

FRANK  E.  RICHMOND,  Providence. 

CHRISTOPHER  ROBINSON,  Woonsocket. 

HORATIO  ROGERS,  JR.,  Providence. 

ROBERT  ROGERS,  Bristol. 

GEORGE  R.  RUSSELL,  Boston,  Mass. 

HOPE  B.  RUSSELL,  Providence. 

LIVINGSTON  SATTERLEE,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

PRESIDENT  SEARS,  Brown  University. 

A.  B.  SHANKLAND,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

AMOS  D.  SMITH,  Providence. 

CHARLES  M.  SMITH,     " 

JAMES  Y.  SMITH,  " 

WILLIAM  SPRAGUE,      " 

JAMES  W.  STILLMAN,  Westerly. 

WILLIAM  L.  STONE,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


SUBSCRIBERS. 


443 


EBENEZER  THRESHER,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
CHARLES  THURBER,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
BENJAMIN  F.  THURSTON,  Providence. 
SAMUEL  B.  TOBEY,  Providence. 
UNIVERSITY  OF  MICHIGAN,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
ANN  E.  WATERS,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
SAMUEL  WATSON,  Nashville,  Tenii. 
F.  &  H.  L.  WAYLAND,  Providence. 


OLIVER  S.  WESCOTT,  Lockport,  111. 
HENRY  G.  WESTON,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
HENRY  B.  WHITMAN,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
N.  BANGS  WILLIAMS,      Providence. 
GEORGE  F.  WILSON,  " 

ALVA  WOODS, 
MARSHALL  WOODS,  2  copies,   " 


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